Natural Sound

The Bosnian Serb commander, after dealing the United Nations a humiliating defeat, personally oversaw the deportation of thousands of refugees from the conquered Srebenica "safe area" on Wednesday.

General Ratko Mladic drove into the main headquarters of U-N peacekeepers and ordered thousands of refugees - mainly women and children - into buses and trucks heading out of Serb-held territory.

But Mladic also ordered all males over the age of 16 to be taken away for what he called "screening for war crimes".

The following pictures were shot by the Bosnian Serb television station, TV Pale:

Bosnian Serb Television shows Rebel Serb soldiers handing out chocolate and cigarettes.

These women and children are starving, no food aid has got into the Srebenica safe zone for days.

Bosnian Serb forces have consolidated their positions around the "safe zone" Wednesday.

The Serbs moved rapidly to secure the area and to round up refugees.

The Dutch U.N. troops could do little with a Serb tank at their camp gate and mortars and rocket launchers aimed at the 40 thousand civilians milling around in the 31 degree Celsius (88 degree Fahrenheit) heat.

Serb military chief General Ratko Mladic arrived to take personal charge of the operation, to transport refugees out of the "safe zone".

The Dutch shared with the refugees food and water meant for half the U.N. contingent of 400, and managed to get a Dutch peacekeeper on each bus and truck.

General Mladic said all males over 16 would be transported to nearby Serb-held Bratunac, where they would be "screened for war crimes,"

The first three-thousand refugees - mostly women, children and the elderly - have boarded buses and are being taken away from the "safe area" to central Bosnia.

The trip to a government-held area will cover 25 miles - but the refugees will have to walk the final ten miles.

It's not immediately known what will happen to the Dutch peacekeepers who remained in Potocari.

They are expected to run out of food and water by noon Thursday.

TV PALE AGENCY POOL

Srebrenica Bosnia 12 July 1995.

1. Various shots of Bosnian Serb troops handing out chocolate and cigarettes to children refugees.

2. Various shots of Serb soldiers securing road.

3. Wide shot of refugees making their way to join main group of refugees.

4. Wide shot of thousands of refugees.

5. Various of U-N soldiers standing by refugees.

6. General Ratko Mladic arrives.

7. Mladic talks to refugees.

8. Women and children make their way to buses.

9. Various shots of women and children boarding buses.

English/Nat

The Bosnian Serb army confirmed Wednesday they'd seized the Muslim "safe area" of Zepa in eastern Bosnia.

The reported capture comes eight days after the rebel Serbs seized the so-called "safe area" of Srebrenica, just north of Zepa.

The United Nations spokesman in Bosnia Alexander Ivanko said U-N Commanders had received confirmation from the Bosnian Serbs that the enclave of Zepa had surrendered.

Meanwhile near Sarajevo, the Bosnian village of Hrasnica continues to come under Bosnian Serb bombardment. Residents of Hrasnica have suffered almost daily from Serb shelling and sniper fire.

The village of Hrasnica is situated at the foot of the perilous Mount Igman road into Sarajevo and is just one kilometre away from the Serb-held town of Illidza.

Hrasnica's proximity to Serb-held territory and its strategic position near the only route into the capital make it a frequent target of the Serb forces. Today's attack is just the latest in the relentless volley of sniper fire and shelling.

The population of around 2,000 are used to running for cover - an average of five shells hit the village every day. And at night tank fire and anti-aircraft fire are frequently heard as Serbs target vehicles moving along Mount Igman road.

A large number of Hrasnica's villagers spend all day and all night hiding in basements, emerging only momentarily to carry out essential tasks.

Meanwhile, at a United Nations briefing in Sarajevo, spokesman Alexander Ivanko confirmed the fall of yet another so-called safe area into Bosnian Serb hands. Zepa had been expected to fall since Serbs seized the larger "safe area" of Srebrenica to the north last week.

The fall of the remote mountainous enclave of Zepa set the stage for another flood of refugees who fear murder and torture if they stay. Ivanko said the Sarajevo government had asked the United Nations to provide security for the thousands of Muslims the Serbs plan to expel.

SOUNDBITE:

"It is our understanding that the Bosnian President appeared to accept that Zepa had in fact fallen. The President asked UNPROFOR to provide security for all the refugees. This morning UNPROFOR representatives, it is my understanding, both military and civilian have been dispatched to Zepa to monitor the situation, and to liaise with both the Bosnian Government , and Bosnian Serb forces on the ground."

SUPER CAPTION:Alexander Ivanko - U-N spokesman Bosnia-Herzegovina

The capture of Zepa widens Serb control over a strategic swath of land between Sarajevo and the Serbian border. It's also a severe blow to the U-N peacekeeping mission in Bosnia, which has already been criticised as ineffectual.

Only one more Muslim enclave, Gorazde, lies in that region, and Serbs are expected to make it the target of their next major assault.

Meanwhile, European Union (EU) special envoy to former Yugoslavia, Carl Bildt arrived in the Croatian port of Split last (Wednesday) night after meeting Serbian President Slobodan Milosevic in Belgrade.

Bildt, who is conducting a last round of talks with key players in the Bosnian conflict, told reporters there may have been some progress regarding Serbian recognition of Bosnia.

Bildt travels to Sarajevo later today for talks with Bosnian President Alija Izetbegovic and UNPROFOR commander in Bosnia, General Rupert Smith.

On the way to yet another destination, Carl Bildt's hectic diplomatic shuttle shows no sign of abating. The E-U's special envoy to the former Yugoslavia is nearing the end of a final round of talks with key players in the Bosnian conflict.

In a week when the U-N peacekeeping mission has been hit by the most serious crisis yet in the three-year Balkan war, negotiations are at a critically delicate stage, but Bildt cautiously hinted at signs of a breakthrough.

SOUNDBITE:

"It has been an exceedingly difficult situation for the past week, two weeks, I think there might be some progress now that might be not insignificant both in terms of what's happening on the ground, in terms of the situation that we have and in terms of political issues".

SUPER CAPTION: Carl Bildt - E-U special envoy to former Yugoslavia

Following his talks with Bosnian president Alija Izetbegovic and UNPROFOR commander in Bosnia, General Rupert Smith, Bildt's frantic travel schedule continues when he travels to London ahead of Friday's meeting of the five nations contact group.

Hrasnica, nr. Sarajevo 19 July 1995 - Shots 1-7

Shots 8-10 Sarajevo 20 July 1995

Shots 11-15 Split, Croatia - 19 July 1995

1.Various of smoke rising from building in Hrasnica after shelling.

2.Various of aftermath of shelling.

3.Close-up smoke coming out of shelled apartment block.

4.Various damage in village.

5.Various people hiding in basement.

6.Hrasnica woman saying the Serbs have shelled their building.

7.Various of people in basements.

8.U-N spokesman Alexander Ivanko sitting next to Lieutenant-Colonel Gary Coward at press conference.

9.Cutaway reporters.

10.Soundbite Alexander Ivanko.

11.General view Carl Bildt talking to reporters at airport departure lounge.

12.Soundbite Carl Bildt.

13.Cutaway television cameraman.

14.Bildt being shown towards car.

15.U-N convoy of cars driving off.

Natural Sound

The Kosovo capital of Pristina took several heavy blows from NATO forces on Wednesday night.

And wailing air-raid sirens again cleared the streets of Pristina by early afternoon on Thursday.

Residents braced themselves for more NATO air assaults and possible retaliation attacks by angry Serbs.

Yugoslavia defiantly absorbed its first night of punishment from NATO air power.

It claims ten people were killed and thirty eight wounded overnight in an aerial barrage intended to force President Slobodan Milosevic to make peace in Kosovo.

The army reiterated its defiance after a night of strikes on more than 50 targets, saying the "high morale of the units was preserved."

But for the ordinary residents of Pristina, there was little they could do as bombs rained down from the sky.

Some merely looked out from their balconies at the air assault around them, then retreated inside.

NATO's most spectacular hit was a heavy strike around midnight on an industrial plant to the southwest of the city, beside the main military barracks.

General Guthrie, NATO spokesman said the British vessel HMS Splendid fired its first Tomahawk missile against a key military radar facility located near Pristina airfield.

He said this facility housed two highly capable air defence radars and an associated control building.

It was reportedly capable of providing extensive data to Yugoslavian air defence forces, fighter aircraft, surface to air missile units and anti-aircraft artillery.

Some two dozen journalists were arrested as they tried to watch the assault from the roof of a Belgrade hotel.

All but one were eventually released.

In the cold light of day, soldiers surveyed the scenes of destruction in the city.

Power was restored to parts of blacked-out Pristina at dawn but water supplies were intermittent.

The normally bustling streets of the Kosovo capital were eerily quiet.

Air raid sirens again blared on Thursday and the state news agency reported more fighting in Kosovo.

General Wesley Clark, the NATO supreme commander, said that the allied operation "will be just as long and difficult as President Milosevic wants it to be."

Pristina, Kosovo - March 25 1999

(Night shots)

1. Wide shot of Anti-aircraft flak in air

2. Wide shot of apartment block with sound of air sirens

3. Wide shot of woman coming out on balcony

4. Close up of woman on balcony

5. Wide shot of Pristina with sirens in background

6. Various of huge fire

7. Various of explosions at distance

8. Various night shots of city with sirens in background

(Day shots)

9. Morning shot of smouldering rubble

10. Various of destroyed buildings

11. Rubble on roadside, building with roof caved in.

12. Various damage and smouldering ruins

13. Soldier looks at damage

14. Various rubble shots and debris

15. Soldier in destroyed building

16. Soldier walks through smouldering rooms, water pipe leaks into damaged building

17.Various debris

18. Various day shots as sirens blast in background

29/2 - Bosnians vote in independence referendum;

polling station damaged by grenade.

1/3 - More Bosnia voters. Montenegro poll on whether to unite with Serbia.

Sarajevo 29.2.92

Signs outside polling station:

registration table:

people voting:

more registration, more voting:

polling station damaged by grenade:

remains of grenade, debris:

polling booth:

broken glass:

people voting:

ballot box:

Sarajevo 1.3.92

CU Flags outside polling station:

voters registering:

CU two women voting:

ballot paper into box:

men outside, reading referendum notice:

Montenegro

GV Poster on polling-station wall:

CU people inside voting:

Titograd

Titograd sign:

polling station:

CU voters:

Exteriors building: t

Two protesters against union with Serbia

English/Nat

The U.S. head of peace verifiers in Kosovo, William Walker, on Saturday visited the site of a massacre where at least 35 ethnic Albanians were killed, describing what he saw as "horrendous".

Mr Walker said it appeared the victims had been shot execution-style and that whoever did it had no value for human life.

It's the worst killing spree since an October truce largely halted more than seven months of combat in the troubled Serb province.

The day after Serb forces launched a fierce assault on the area, the bodies of 35 people, many of them mutilated, have been discovered on a hillside in Kosovo.

The American chief of the monitoring mission run by the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, was visibly shaken after touring the site just hours after the massacre.

Journalists and Kosovo Verification Mission representatives accompanied Mr Walker on his tour.

Villagers said Serb police had separated men from their families and led them toward the local police station.

Residents claim the Serb forces later turned and herded them up the hill, where they killed them.

Bodies apparently lay where they were slain, along cow paths and in deep, hilly ravines.

Serbian police claim dozens of mutilated bodies in civilian clothes found on the site were armed rebels killed in combat.

A police statement says what it calls "terrorists" were killed in an exchange of gunfire after they attacked police with automatic weapons and mortars.

It also says most of those killed wore uniforms with the insignia of the -- quote -- "terrorist K-L-A."

Yugoslav tanks and troops were part of the attack, pounding the area before fighting abated on Friday afternoon.

Verifiers and journalists heard villagers tell of a grisly massacre, but Serbian authorities didn't allow them to visit the site on Friday.

It was the worst killing spree since an October truce largely halted more than seven months of combat in the separatist province, and perhaps the most savage of the nearly yearlong conflict.

The informal ceasefire, which international officials have insisted is still largely intact, is now in serious danger of collapsing into a resumption of the province-wide fighting that devastated Kosovo in 1998.

More than a thousand people - mostly ethnic Albanians - have been killed since Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic launched an offensive last February to try to crush separatist militants and reinforce government control over the Albanian-majority province in Serbia.

Bebus Brdo (Hill), near Racak, Kosovo 16 January 1999

1. Wide shot burnt willage

2. Close up debris

3. Wide shot body on the ground

4. Various of Albanian villagers

5. Wide shot dead bodies

6. Press at site

7. Cutaway press

8. Christopher Walker and others arriving at site

9. Mid shot woman crying

10.Various site

T/I: 10:05:22

STORY: SREBRENICA

LOCATION: SREBRINICA

DATE: 12 JULY 1995

DURATION: 5.38

Serb commander Mladic enters in triumph

Bosnian Serb leader Radovan Karadzic, whose men humiliated the

UN by capturing the "safe area" of Srebrenica, said in Pale on

Wednesday (12/7) that his forces had nothing to fear from threats

of NATO action. Serb troops took the town on Tuesday, shrugging

off two strikes on their tanks by NATO aircraft, and driving out

30,000 Muslims. The commander of the Bosnian Serb army, General

Ratko Mladic arrived in Srebrenica with a fleet of trucks and

buses, as France appealed to its allies to reverse the Serb

victory. Mladic offered profuse congratulations to his troops.

Bosnian President Alija Itzetbegovic, angered by the international

failure to protect Srebrenica, demanded action by the United

Nations and NATO.

SHOWS:

(SREBRENICA, 11/7:) Burning house, flames rising from

floor. GVs house burning. Smoke increases, fire engulfs interior

of house. House burning. CU flames and smoke. Tanks behind

camouflage shooting. More shooting from tank across road

Soldiers loading up weapons. Firing continues and increases

Tank rolls up, soldiers get out, throw shells on ground

WS house burning in field. Tank reversing along road

WS more burning houses, roofs on fire. Soldiers walking in line,

with rifles. Soldiers taking up positions in woods. WS burning

house in woods. MS burning house amongst trees. Burning house and

sound of tiles falling from roof. More GVs burning homes and smoke

pouring from roof. Soldiers sitting on ground in line

CU soldier smiling. Pan along line of soldiers

Soldiers with packs.

(SREBENICA, 12/7) Refugees in distance, soldiers flanking them.

Refugees over fence. Refugees sitting in ground. Soldier

approaching refugees. Refugees crying. Pan across refugees.

Soldier talking to refugees. Mladic talking to soldiers

Mladic speaking to UN peacekeeper.

Full Story: w094378

G02089303

General News Service

02/08/1993

30/7 - Bosnian warring factions reach preliminary

constitutional agreement to divide Bosnia into three ethnic

republics. Milosevic delighted, Izetbegovic sad. Sarajevo

shelled again.

30-31/7 - As deadline looms for Croatia to hand over

Maslenica bridge to control of UN forces, tension mounts as

Croats and Serbs refuse to pull back.

31/7 - Bosnian President, Izetbegovic, stops short of

accepting the peace plan, saying he wants more guarantees

about the status of his country. Sarajevans have mixed

reactions over worth of settlement.

2/8 - Maslenica bridge hit by Serb artillery fire as Croatian

troops ignore deadline to turn the area over to UN.

SWITZERLAND 30.7.93 Serb President, Slobodan Milosevic, walking

Geneva down steps and up to microphone: Milosevic, sot:

Meeting of Bosnian leaders during peace talks: EC

mediators, Lord Owen and Thorvald Stoltenberg,

examining documents: Izetbegovic looking at documents

and Fikret Abdic, leader of the Bihac region of Bosnia:

Bosnian Serb ldr, Radovan Karadzic, at meeting:

Karadzic, sot: Izetbegovic walking into hotel lobby:

BOSNIA 30.7.93 People running to flee shelling: casualty in

Sarajevo hospital: man and crying women walking on street and

body wheeled on stretcher: (WTN/RTV-POOL)

CROATIA 30-31.7.93 Cars over bridge: soldiers patrolling

Maslenica bridge: truck across bridge: house with damaged roof:

Bridge view from vehicle moving across bridge: UN trooper in

van: (WTN)

SWITZERLAND 31.7.93 Bosnian Serb leader, Slobodan Milosevic,

Geneva looking at map: Milosevic, sot:

BOSNIA 31.7.93 Street: Bosnian military commander, sot:

Sarajevo on peace plan: Girl, sot: Another girl, sot:

CROATIA Maslenica bridge: soldier: Serb commanders: UN French

commander, Jean Cot: Serb: military conference:

SWITZERLAND 31.7.93 Police locking gates of UN against demonstration:

Geneva crowd chanting: crowd rattling gates: protester waving

Bosnian flag: Bosnian President, Alija Izetbegovic:

Izetbegovic shaking hands: embracing protester: Izetbegovic

emerging from conference: Reporter and Izetbegovic, sot:

(WTN)

Bosnian Serb shelling of Gorazde subsided around midnight on

Wednesday although machine gun and anti-aircraft fire continued.

Amateur radio operator Zaim Zuga, reporting on Thursday morning

(21/4) from the besieged Muslim enclave, said the Bosnian Serbs

were continuing their assault on the UN-designated safe area.

SHOWS:

GORAZDE, BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA (20/4)

gv of Gorazde from the hilltops

soldiers on hillside

LS of Drina river and city

LS of city, and sound of explosion in distance

soldiers off on patrol in hills

gun towed by jeep along hillside track

gun on back of truck

soldiers in woodland

truck drives past ruins

tracking shot from truck

past battered and burnt-out farms

parked truck with red cross on it

damaged properties

tank in garage of ruined building

2.02

Serbo-Croat/Nat TOKO MATERIAL

Serb television has taken what it says is a deadly hit from NATO.

An allied missile hit the Belgrade headquarters of Serbia's state television on Friday, causing its top two floors to collapse.

The Serbs say at least two people died in the attack - many others were injured.

It was a scene of devastation.

Serbia's main television station (R-T-S) took a direct hit as NATO airstrikes continued early on Friday.

It took the station off the air midway through the broadcast of a recorded interview with President Slobodan Milosevic.

When the station resumed broadcasting after six hours - by broadcasting from another transmitter - it reported that the attack had killed two staff members and injured 18 others.

Rescue workers struggled to contain the fire whilst trying to release people trapped inside.

Two floors of the building collapsed, scattering debris and crushing everything beneath.

Firefighters were helped by police as they tried to remove the injured from the rubble.

One survivor had a lucky escape when the floor beneath him collapsed.

SOUNDBITE: (Serbo-Croat)

"From that shaking (from the bombs) I suddenly found myself in studio three, which is under studio one, and that is one floor below."

SUPER CAPTION: Mihjalo Aleksic, station employee

By dawn on Friday, more people had joined the rescue efforts.

Firefighters were still battling to kill the fire.

The search for people trapped in the collapsed shell of the building also continued.

The Serbian information minister blamed President Clinton and Britain's Prime Minister Tony Blair for the devastation, calling them -- quote -- "the biggest criminals and beasts."

NATO had warned it would strike broadcasting facilities.

It had previously argued that the broadcasting facilities were used by President Milosevic to relay military communications and were also a source of anti-NATO propaganda.

This is unlikely to be the last such strike.

Belgrade, Yugoslavia - April 23, 1999

1. Night shots of Serb television station

2. Fire burning in window

3. Smoke rising above building

4. Transmitter tower

5. Wide shot of firemen trying to put out fire

6. Firemen spraying building

7. Fireman entering window

8. Cars covered in debris

9. Various of rescue workers

10. Ambulance leaving scene

11. Various of foam being sprayed on fire

12. Smashed satellite dishes

13. Firemen

14. SOUNDBITE: (Serbo-Croat) Mihjalo Aleksic, station employee

15. Day shots of aftermath

16. Various of damage

17. Firemen working

18. Smoke rising

19. Group of people standing by

SHOTLIST:

Tuzla

1. Wide of Tuzla morgue

2. Close up entry for refrigerated morgue

3. Pan inside body bags lined up on levels

4. Close up body bags

5. Tracking shot of the hundreds of body bags

6. SOUNDBITE: (English) Zlatan Sabanovic, Tuzla pathologist

"The problem is the secondary mass graves. In many of these graves Serbs overrun the bodies with bulldozers and some body parts were taken to other locations. It is difficult to identify the bodies and connect its body parts. We have 4419 body bags here, but only three thousand bodies. We have identified only 128. We have to wait for the results of the DNA testing."

7. Wide of pathologist examining the bodies

8. Close up of man washing the bones

9. Wide of DNA laboratory

10. Close up experts taking samples

11. Close up of test results

12. Wide of Mihatovici refugee settlement near Tuzla

13. Woman with children sitting outside house

14. Close up of children

15. SOUNDBITE: (Bosnian) Habiba Gusic

"I think that we have to put names on the graves of our men. It is good that we are going to Srebrenica to mark the anniversary, but life cannot really start again until the graves of our men have names on them."

16. Various of the refugees

Zvornik

17. Wide of mass grave site in Zvornik

18. Close up pit from which remains were exhumed

Srebrenica

19. Wide of Srebrenica anniversary site

20. Various of American SFOR vehicles parked in front

21. Wide of security around the site

STORYLINE:

Investigators from the International War Crimes Tribunal in the Hague have found a mass grave containing more than 200 bodies believed to be victims of the Srebrenica massacre which happened during the Bosnian war six years ago.

The bodies of the victims, which were discovered over the last few days, are being kept in a newly-built Tuzla morgue.

Zlatan Sabanovic, the morgue's pathologist, claims many bodies of Srebrenica victims have not been identified because Serbs who are blamed for the massacre have tried to cover up their atrocities.

More than eight thousand Bosnian Muslim men are estimated to have been summarily executed following the fall of the UN protected "safe" area of Srebrenica to the Bosnian-Serb Army on July 11th 1995.

The International Committee of the Red Cross continues to list some seven thousand people from Srebrenica as missing.

The Bosnian Commission for Missing Persons and the Tribunal have so far exhumed over four thousand human remains in the area, out of whom only about 100 have been identified.

The International Commission for Missing Persons (ICMP) started a "Podrinje Identification" project in Tuzla and built one of the most sophisticated DNA laboratories in Europe.

Staff at the lab are working 24 hours a day to identify human remains from mass grave pits in Srebrenica.

Five years after the war, Srebrenica survivors live in difficult conditions in refugee settlements outside of Tuzla and in suburbs of Sarajevo.

They say there is no peace for them until the victims are buried properly.

On Wednesday, the 6th anniversary of Srebrenica massacre, a marble stone with the inscription "Srebrenica, July 1995" will be unveiled to mark the site where victims will be reburied.

Few Muslim families from Srebrenica escaped unscathed and almost all of them have suffered the death or disappearance of several close relative.

Habiba Gusic, 62, lost her husband and five other close relatives.

Her husband's body was never found and she says Muslim families will only rest when there are names on the graves of their men.

Srebrenica refugees are glad that some of the organisers of the atrocities are facing trial at the Hague now, but they say that only death penalty can be sufficient for what Ratko Mladic and Radovan Karadzic, who have both been indicted by the Hague tribunal, did in Srebrenica.

Meanwhile American peacekeepers have moved into Serbrenica area in force to provide security for the site of the massacre anniversary after Serb hard-liners said they would try to disrupt Wednesday's ceremony.