Author Thomas Harding is in the process of doing what the descendants of many Holocaust victims would find unimaginable: applying for a German passport.

When Britain voted to leave the European Union in June, the 48-year-old had to make a decision that was never necessary before the referendum - should he request the restoration of German citizenship stripped from his family by the Third Reich? He needed only a few hours to make up his mind.

“This is more than the practical, this is also about something for us, or for me, it's about something spiritual, it's about reconciliation,’’ he said. “It's about acknowledging the truth of the horrors of the past but also about trying to build a better future together, and as a European, that's what I hope to do."

It is one of the complicated realities of the UK’s pending divorce from the EU that many Britons whose ancestors came from other parts of Europe are claiming citizenship in other member states so they can retain ties to the Continent. Inquiries about passports are up at the German, Austrian, French and Polish embassies.

Some want to retain the ability to travel easily from country to country or maintain business ties. Others just want to be part of the European Union.

But for Jews whose families fled Germany to escape Adolf Hitler, the decision means re-examining long-held beliefs about history and the country that once persecuted them.

The children and grandchildren of Jewish refugees are taking advantage of a law that allows the descendants of people persecuted by the Nazis to regain the citizenship that was stripped from them in the 1930s and 1940s. More than 400 Britons have sought information about the law since the June 23 referendum, and German authorities have received at least 100 formal applications, compared with about 20 annually in recent years.

Michael Newman, chief executive of the Association of Jewish Refugees, said Brexit has fuelled interest in German citizenship, but it’s hard to know how many people will actually apply. Jews are now able to consider such a step because Germany has made huge strides in addressing the past, creating a culture of remembrance, he said.

“No amount of blood money or memorials will satisfy or suffice for some people but in terms of addressing its past and owning up to it and looking into things, it's done much that many other countries haven't,’’ said Newman.

Many of those seeking restoration of their citizenship don’t intend to live in Germany, but want the freedom to travel and work in EU nations.

Ben Lewis, a 49-year-old documentary filmmaker, is among those who would like to regain German citizenship.

Lewis, whose film and production company has worked for years on the continent, sees the potential of Brexit as an abomination, particularly the anti-immigrant sentiment that influenced many people to vote to leave.

“I just want to take a firm stance, a documented stance etched in acid on stone, that I object to Brexit," he said.

The decision for many might have been prompted by Brexit, but had been years in the making for some. Harding, for one, has long been coming to terms with his German past, a journey documented in part in his book, “The House by the Lake.’’

The way Harding sees it, Germany is now showing leadership by taking in over a million refugees.

As the result of the EU referendum became clear on the morning of June 24, Harding was on the phone to the German embassy to inquire about citizenship.

It’s logical, he says, for Jews to cling to the EU, which was created to build international links that would make another European war impossible.

“It was much less about saying goodbye to Britain than saying hello to Europe," he said.

London - 5 October 2016

1. Pan down from German and European Union flags to entrance of German Embassy in London

2. Various of flags

3. Mid of author Thomas Harding sitting on grass looking at passport that belonged to his German Jewish grandfather

4. Close of Harding's face

5. Various of passport

6. SOUNDBITE (English) Thomas Harding, author, in the process of applying for restoration of German passport following Brexit vote:

"This is more than the practical, this is also about something for us, or for me, it's about something spiritual, it's about reconciliation. It's about acknowledging the truth of the horrors of the past but also about trying to build a better future together, and as a European, that's what I hope to do."

7. Cutaway passport and photo of Harding's grandparents

8. SOUNDBITE (English) Thomas Harding, author, in the process of applying for restoration of German passport following Brexit vote:

"I think what has happened to me is I have become much more open towards Germany and at the same time following Brexit, I realised that there was going to be a very real loss. It was likely that me and my family would be unable to live and work in 27 countries in Europe and given the fact that I didn't have to give up my British passport, I didn't have to live in Germany by necessity or learn German, show I could speak German, it didn't seem like there was anything to lose and so for me, it was much less about saying goodbye to Britain than saying hello to Europe."

9. Harding flicking through passport

10. Mid of exhibit of Jewish Museum in London

11. Soft focus, yellow star that Jews were forced to wear in Nazi Germany

12. Set up of documentary maker Ben Lewis

13. Close of Lewis looking at museum exhibit

14. SOUNDBITE (English) Ben Lewis, documentary maker, in the process of applying for restoration of German passport following Brexit vote:

"Well, it was immediately after Brexit I thought the restoration of German citizenship was something that I wanted, because before Brexit I was part of the EU anyway. I was a European, I was deeply engaged in German culture from the age of 14 when I first started learning German, and in a way my whole life was orientated around creating links around rebuilding, if you like, as a Jew, links between myself, in Britain and German culture."

15. Cutaway hands

16. SOUNDBITE (English) Ben Lewis, documentary maker, in the process of applying for restoration of German passport following Brexit vote:

"I have many motivations for wanting to get German citizenship. I am thinking a lot about my child, I want him to have the same advantages in life that I had, you know, to be able to play on a European field. I've worked all over Europe in my life. I love Berlin - I could imagine living there. Perhaps that would happen in the future. And I just want to take a firm stance, a documented stance, something etched in acid on stone, that I object to Brexit."

17. Set up shot of Michael Newman, chief executive of the Association of Jewish Refugees

18. Newman typing

19. SOUNDBITE (English) Michael Newman, chief executive of the Association of Jewish Refugees:

"Well I think this is uppermost in the minds of the government that they are not going to walk away from any post Holocaust responsibilities and I think most people would look at what Germany has done since the Second World War in terms of addressing its past, the culture of remembrance, the educational resources, it's committed to teaching about the holocaust and see that what it has done has been leading the way and if you look at issues like restitution, archive, opening archives, documentation centres, even opening and creating museums, they are, they're leading the way in many respects in dealing with their history. It remains of course very subjective because no amount of blood, money or memorials will satisfy or suffice for some people but in terms of addressing its past and owning up to it and looking into things, it's done much that many other countries haven't."

20. Wide of German Embassy entrance for public

21. Close of entrance

22. Sign reading 'Welcome' in German and English

FOR CLEAN VERSION SEE STORY NUMBER: 4053754

LEAD IN:

The UK jewellery market has not lost its sparkle despite the Brexit vote, according to experts at the International Jewellery London show.

A weak pound, innovative design and a diverse marketplace for suppliers are just some of the reasons the UK jewellery market is thriving.

STORY-LINE:

Sparkle and shine at the International Jewellery London show.

Precious gemstones drip from the stands at this important jewellery trade event.

The diamonds and gold on show haven't lost any of their shine or lustre, but what about the jewellery market in post Brexit Britain?

Despite the vote to leave the European Union earlier this year, the industry reports it has not felt any repercussions.

Michael Rawlinson is chief executive of The National Association of Jewellers, the main industry body in the UK.

He says: "The British market actually has responded quite well post Brexit at the moment, people have some level of certainty, even if it is leaving the European Union, so we've seen a strengthening of trade in the last couple of months."

With innovative designers continuing to emerge from the UK's most important jewellery schools in London and Birmingham, he believes 'brand Britain' is as strong as ever.

"The challenge for the UK jewellery market post-Brexit is to actually promote made in Britain, we have a tremendous heritage here of craftsmanship and quality and we need to make sure that the product we make is identifiable around the world very clearly, that it's originated from and has been made in Britain," he says.

A good example of this innovation is London-based designer Joanna Boyen of Biiju.

She is proudly showing off her new explosion ring, which she claims is her own unique design and seen nowhere else.

"So they're called explosion rings and what's special about them is that there are 21 individual briolettes, that's cut with multiple facets all over them, and we thread each one on individually so that they move, they shimmer when you move and catch the light," says Boyen.

And the future of jewellery design talent in the UK looks to be in safe hands.

The show is promoting the stars of tomorrow in its section Bright Young Gems.

Katy Tromans just graduated from Birmingham City University with first class honours. She is now showcasing her latest collection of fairytale inspired silver rings.

This silver ring is hidden inside a model of Rapunzel's tower, which doubles-up as an ornament.

"So the main idea is that it's a silver ring and you have somewhere to keep it when you're not wearing it so it becomes part of a sculpture. So they all just come apart, so it comes off, then you can take the ring out and you can wear it, then you can put it back together and keep it on your side as an ornament, so it's that kind of thing," says Tromans.

She also has Alice in Wonderland and Moby Dick inspired creations.

But are the international jewellery makers and suppliers buying the brand Britain message?

High-end jeweller Sokolov from Russia is attending the show to launch its new Kaleidoscope range.

Global sales director Andrew German says Brexit has not had a negative impact on Sokolov's approach to the British market.

"Despite Brexit, the British market - in the global sense of this word - is still a part of the larger European market. The wealth of British people is still increasing and it allows demand for jewellery to rise as well. And British people want to try new things, new brands, some novelties and innovation in this industry. This is why we believe for the international players it's a good chance to get into the (British) market," he says.

Business activity in Britain rebounded in August, injecting some optimism into the debate on how Britain is faring after the vote to leave the European Union.

The purchasing managers' index jumped to 53.2 points, reversing a record fall to 47.4 in July experienced after the June 23 referendum.

But the index showed the Eurozone lost some economic momentum in August, largely because of a slowdown in Germany - an unexpected fall.

According to the show's organisers, the Brexit vote has done little to dissuade international exhibitors from attending International Jewellery London.

Event director Sam Willoughby says the show features exhibitors from Brazil, Denmark, Russia, Germany, Portugal, Australia, Spain, Sweden, Italy and the Netherlands.

"So this is the first show since Brexit and whilst we've always got concern about what is going to happen in the future, and we can't predict that, we've seen just as many international exhibitors and visitors than we've ever had before. In fact, internationally we've had people representing France, like Galeries Lafayette and Printemps, people as far away as Russia and Middle East, all wanting to attend a show like this," she says.

"The reason being, for a supplier coming into an event like this, being able to enter into Europe through UK is actually quite an easy process to do because you've got so many channels to actually be able to go and sell, whether it's an independent boutique, multiple retailer, department store, gallery, it's quite endless and that gives them a good route into the market and into the rest of Europe, whether we are part of the EU or not."

Of course, a weak pound is also likely to be influencing those who are ready to spend thousands of pounds on high-end jewels.

But to prove it's not all about the bling at International Jewellery London, British designer Joanna Bury is polishing her perspex - that's right, plastic.

Bury used to design lingerie but recently switched to jewellery. The lacy, filigree designs are laser cut into perspex and have echoes of the fabrics she used to work with.

In the future, Bury hopes to start using more 3D printing technology to make it easier for her to produce her designs and sell them around the globe.

International Jewellery London runs from 4 to 6 September 2016.

London, UK - 4 September, 2016

1. Close of ring

2. Mid of women looking at ring

3. Close pan left from woman to emerald earring

4. Zoom to jewellery display

5. Pull focus of large diamond

6. Various set ups of Michael Rawlinson, chief executive of The National Association of Jewellers

7. SOUNDBITE: (English) Michael Rawlinson, chief executive, The National Association of Jewellers:

"The British market actually has responded quite well post Brexit at the moment, people have some level of certainty, even if it is leaving the European Union, so we've seen a strengthening of trade in the last couple of months."

8. Various of jewellery

9. SOUNDBITE: (English) Michael Rawlinson, chief executive, The National Association of Jewellers:

"The challenges for the UK jewellery market post-Brexit is to actually promote made in Britain, we have a tremendous heritage here of craftsmanship and quality and we need to make sure that the product we make here is identifiable around the world, very clearly, that it's originated from and has been made in Britain."

10. Mid of Joanna Boyen showing her explosion ring

11. Close of blue topaz explosion ring by Biiju

12. SOUNDBITE: (English) Joanna Boyen, director, Biiju jewellery:

"So they're called explosion rings and what's special about them is that there are 21 individual briolettes, that's cut with multiple facets all over them, and we thread each one on individually so that they move, they shimmer when you move and catch the light."

13. Close of explosion ring

14. Various set up shots of Bright Young Gem Katy Tromans demonstrating her Rapunzel tower ring

15. SOUNDBITE: (English) Katy Tromans, Bright Young Gem, Birmingham City University:

"So the main idea is that it's a silver ring and you have somewhere to keep it when you're not wearing it so it becomes part of a sculpture. So they all just come apart, so it comes off, then you can take the ring out and you can wear it, then you can put it back together and keep it on your side as an ornament, so it's that kind of thing."

16. Close of Tromans' Alice in Wonderland ring ornament

17. Close of Tromans' Moby Dick ring

18. Wide of Sokolov stand

19. Various set ups of Andrew German talking with colleague and looking at Sokolov's new Kaleidoscope range

20. SOUNDBITE: (Russian) Andrew German, global sales director, Sokolov Jewellery:

"Despite Brexit, the British market - in the global sense of this word - is still a part of the larger European market. The wealth of British people is still increasing and it allows demand for jewellery to rise as well. And British people want to try new things, new brands, some novelties and innovation in this industry. This is why we believe for the international players it's a good chance to get into the (British) market."

21. Various set up shots of event director Sam Willoughby looking at jewellery by young British designer Vicky Lew

22. SOUNDBITE: (English) Sam Willoughby, event director, International Jewellery London:

"So this is the first show since Brexit and whilst we've always got concern about what is going to happen in the future, and we can't predict that, we've seen just as many international exhibitors and visitors than we've ever had before. In fact, internationally we've had people representing France, like Galeries Lafayette and Printemps, people as far away as Russia and Middle East, all wanting to attend a show like this. The reason being, for a supplier coming into an event like this, being able to enter into Europe through UK is actually quite an easy process to do because you've got so many channels to actually be able to go and sell, whether it's an independent boutique, multiple retailer, department store, gallery, it's quite endless and that gives them a good route into the market and into the rest of Europe, whether we are part of the EU or not."

23. Various of designer Joanna Bury with her perspex jewellery

LEAD IN:

The UK jewellery market has not lost its sparkle despite the Brexit vote, according to experts at the International Jewellery London show.

A weak pound, innovative design and a diverse marketplace for suppliers are just some of the reasons the UK jewellery market is thriving.

STORY-LINE:

Sparkle and shine at the International Jewellery London show.

Precious gemstones drip from the stands at this important jewellery trade event.

The diamonds and gold on show haven't lost any of their shine or lustre, but what about the jewellery market in post Brexit Britain?

Despite the vote to leave the European Union earlier this year, the industry reports it has not felt any repercussions.

Michael Rawlinson is chief executive of The National Association of Jewellers, the main industry body in the UK.

He says: "The British market actually has responded quite well post Brexit at the moment, people have some level of certainty, even if it is leaving the European Union, so we've seen a strengthening of trade in the last couple of months."

With innovative designers continuing to emerge from the UK's most important jewellery schools in London and Birmingham, he believes 'brand Britain' is as strong as ever.

"The challenge for the UK jewellery market post-Brexit is to actually promote made in Britain, we have a tremendous heritage here of craftsmanship and quality and we need to make sure that the product we make is identifiable around the world very clearly, that it's originated from and has been made in Britain," he says.

A good example of this innovation is London-based designer Joanna Boyen of Biiju.

She is proudly showing off her new explosion ring, which she claims is her own unique design and seen nowhere else.

"So they're called explosion rings and what's special about them is that there are 21 individual briolettes, that's cut with multiple facets all over them, and we thread each one on individually so that they move, they shimmer when you move and catch the light," says Boyen.

And the future of jewellery design talent in the UK looks to be in safe hands.

The show is promoting the stars of tomorrow in its section Bright Young Gems.

Katy Tromans just graduated from Birmingham City University with first class honours. She is now showcasing her latest collection of fairytale inspired silver rings.

This silver ring is hidden inside a model of Rapunzel's tower, which doubles-up as an ornament.

"So the main idea is that it's a silver ring and you have somewhere to keep it when you're not wearing it so it becomes part of a sculpture. So they all just come apart, so it comes off, then you can take the ring out and you can wear it, then you can put it back together and keep it on your side as an ornament, so it's that kind of thing," says Tromans.

She also has Alice in Wonderland and Moby Dick inspired creations.

But are the international jewellery makers and suppliers buying the brand Britain message?

High-end jeweller Sokolov from Russia is attending the show to launch its new Kaleidoscope range.

Global sales director Andrew German says Brexit has not had a negative impact on Sokolov's approach to the British market.

"Despite Brexit, the British market - in the global sense of this word - is still a part of the larger European market. The wealth of British people is still increasing and it allows demand for jewellery to rise as well. And British people want to try new things, new brands, some novelties and innovation in this industry. This is why we believe for the international players it's a good chance to get into the (British) market," he says.

Business activity in Britain rebounded in August, injecting some optimism into the debate on how Britain is faring after the vote to leave the European Union.

The purchasing managers' index jumped to 53.2 points, reversing a record fall to 47.4 in July experienced after the June 23 referendum.

But the index showed the Eurozone lost some economic momentum in August, largely because of a slowdown in Germany - an unexpected fall.

According to the show's organisers, the Brexit vote has done little to dissuade international exhibitors from attending International Jewellery London.

Event director Sam Willoughby says the show features exhibitors from Brazil, Denmark, Russia, Germany, Portugal, Australia, Spain, Sweden, Italy and the Netherlands.

"So this is the first show since Brexit and whilst we've always got concern about what is going to happen in the future, and we can't predict that, we've seen just as many international exhibitors and visitors than we've ever had before. In fact, internationally we've had people representing France, like Galeries Lafayette and Printemps, people as far away as Russia and Middle East, all wanting to attend a show like this," she says.

"The reason being, for a supplier coming into an event like this, being able to enter into Europe through UK is actually quite an easy process to do because you've got so many channels to actually be able to go and sell, whether it's an independent boutique, multiple retailer, department store, gallery, it's quite endless and that gives them a good route into the market and into the rest of Europe, whether we are part of the EU or not."

Of course, a weak pound is also likely to be influencing those who are ready to spend thousands of pounds on high-end jewels.

But to prove it's not all about the bling at International Jewellery London, British designer Joanna Bury is polishing her perspex - that's right, plastic.

Bury used to design lingerie but recently switched to jewellery. The lacy, filigree designs are laser cut into perspex and have echoes of the fabrics she used to work with.

In the future, Bury hopes to start using more 3D printing technology to make it easier for her to produce her designs and sell them around the globe.

International Jewellery London runs from 4 to 6 September 2016.

AP Television

London, UK - 4 September, 2016

1. Close of ring

2. Mid of women looking at ring

3. Close pan left from woman to emerald earring

4. Zoom to jewellery display

5. Pull focus of large diamond

6. Various set ups of Michael Rawlinson, chief executive of The National Association of Jewellers

7. SOUNDBITE: (English) Michael Rawlinson, chief executive, The National Association of Jewellers:

"The British market actually has responded quite well post Brexit at the moment, people have some level of certainty, even if it is leaving the European Union, so we've seen a strengthening of trade in the last couple of months."

8. Various of jewellery

9. SOUNDBITE: (English) Michael Rawlinson, chief executive, The National Association of Jewellers:

"The challenges for the UK jewellery market post-Brexit is to actually promote made in Britain, we have a tremendous heritage here of craftsmanship and quality and we need to make sure that the product we make here is identifiable around the world, very clearly, that it's originated from and has been made in Britain."

10. Mid of Joanna Boyen showing her explosion ring

11. Close of blue topaz explosion ring by Biiju

12. SOUNDBITE: (English) Joanna Boyen, director, Biiju jewellery:

"So they're called explosion rings and what's special about them is that there are 21 individual briolettes, that's cut with multiple facets all over them, and we thread each one on individually so that they move, they shimmer when you move and catch the light."

13. Close of explosion ring

14. Various set up shots of Bright Young Gem Katy Tromans demonstrating her Rapunzel tower ring

15. SOUNDBITE: (English) Katy Tromans, Bright Young Gem, Birmingham City University:

"So the main idea is that it's a silver ring and you have somewhere to keep it when you're not wearing it so it becomes part of a sculpture. So they all just come apart, so it comes off, then you can take the ring out and you can wear it, then you can put it back together and keep it on your side as an ornament, so it's that kind of thing."

16. Close of Tromans' Alice in Wonderland ring ornament

17. Close of Tromans' Moby Dick ring

18. Wide of Sokolov stand

19. Various set ups of Andrew German talking with colleague and looking at Sokolov's new Kaleidoscope range

20. SOUNDBITE: (Russian) Andrew German, global sales director, Sokolov Jewellery:

"Despite Brexit, the British market - in the global sense of this word - is still a part of the larger European market. The wealth of British people is still increasing and it allows demand for jewellery to rise as well. And British people want to try new things, new brands, some novelties and innovation in this industry. This is why we believe for the international players it's a good chance to get into the (British) market."

21. Various set up shots of event director Sam Willoughby looking at jewellery by young British designer Vicky Lew

22. SOUNDBITE: (English) Sam Willoughby, event director, International Jewellery London:

"So this is the first show since Brexit and whilst we've always got concern about what is going to happen in the future, and we can't predict that, we've seen just as many international exhibitors and visitors than we've ever had before. In fact, internationally we've had people representing France, like Galeries Lafayette and Printemps, people as far away as Russia and Middle East, all wanting to attend a show like this. The reason being, for a supplier coming into an event like this, being able to enter into Europe through UK is actually quite an easy process to do because you've got so many channels to actually be able to go and sell, whether it's an independent boutique, multiple retailer, department store, gallery, it's quite endless and that gives them a good route into the market and into the rest of Europe, whether we are part of the EU or not."

23. Various of designer Joanna Bury with her perspex jewellery

FOR CLEAN VERSION SEE STORY NUMBER: 4038463

LEAD IN:

UK wine industry experts are eyeing the upcoming vote on whether to leave the European Union with mixed feelings.

With producers and suppliers heavily reliant on pan-European trade, many remain unsure how Brexit will impact upon business.

STORY-LINE:

Sparkling wine on a summer's day in the English capital.

Glistening flutes and bottles in abundance, and a crowd of happy lunchtime drinkers add to the atmosphere of excitement and discovery, along with an impromptu game of ping pong.

It must be London Wine Week.

This is the third year of the festival, and this year is the most popular to date.

Festival director Emma Murphy says "It's the largest self-guided wine tasting that there is across London. It's kind of the only event of its kind that we have over here. So we work with 125 bars, restaurants, independent merchants who all get involved" .

But although these flutes of fizz are English sparkling wine, much of the wine the festival goers here are tasting is from EU member states such as France, Spain, Portugal, Italy and Germany.

The June 23 referendum on whether to quit the European Union is fast approaching. So is this something the industry should fear?

"I wouldn't have said so," says Murphy.

"Wine trade has been going for long enough, even long before the euro, so I wouldn't have thought that would make much difference to be honest with you. Hopefully not anyway."

At the festival hub on London's Devonshire Square, there are pop-up bars featuring wines from across Europe.

These two young graduate trainees are enjoying wines from Portugal, and with their festival wristband, it costs them just five British Pounds for a flight of three.

Oscar Stenbom and Anna Rogers both agree that things may well be different if Britain leaves the union.

"If it's more expensive for them to send the wine here, if there's more tariffs, then yeah I guess it would be," says Anna, while Oscar is concerned about regulation and labelling:

"It would also be more difficult to know what you are drinking because there won't be as many restrictions on labelling the wine based on where it's actually from and the grape it's actually come from."

The New Street wine shop has been taken over by the wine festival. They sell wines from all over the world but today they are holding a tasting featuring wines from Ribera del Duero in northern Spain.

Most wine drinkers know about the region of Rioja, but Bettina Lemm is informing these festival goers about the region she represents.

"I think they (wines of Ribera del Duero) are still an emerging market, especially in the UK. The UK is an important market for Ribera del Duero, it's the seventh-largest export market for Ribera del Duero but I think that we're still establishing ourselves."

But if the UK is an important export market, is Brexit going to throw the proverbial spanner into the works? Lemm doesn't seem too worried "I think at the moment we're pretty confident as we've seen year to year that exports have grown. I think that's going to continue and I don't think it's a worry that we have at the moment," she says.

Wine used to have a rather old fashioned reputation and a comparatively elderly demographic, but this has changed enormously in recent years.

The prevalence of wine clubs popping up in the UK is an indicator of wine's increasing popularity.

Tom Harrow of Honest Grapes explains why this is "I think this is because people want to engage more with what's in the bottle. It's not just liquid, they want to know the stories behind it, they want to meet the people involved. And there's the sociable aspect, you know wine is fundamentally something which we do with other people," he says.

With 125 venues across the metropolis taking part in this festival, there's plenty of opportunity to enjoy it with friends.

But with such enthusiasm for wine spreading across the country, June 23 could bring disruption, according to Harrow "It's fair to say that we're a bit concerned about the possibilities of Brexit, I think the rising price of the euro against the pound will have a serious effect on quality wine. At the moment more than 60 percent of wine that comes into the UK is shipped in massive great tankers and bottled over here and that's not something we get involved with. But that becomes the only affordable way if the pound plummets against the euro. So I think that it won't be a good thing initially for the wine consumer because the prices of these small artisan wines will go up" .

However, the future might be bright in other, unexpected ways.

"All the English wine makers that I speak to say we are half a degree away from being a perfect climate for sparkling wines at least," says Harrow, and with apologies to climate change icon Al Gore, he adds that "global warming is a good thing for the UK sparkling wine trade."

Reports by the WSTA (Wine and Spirit Trade Association) suggest there is still some way to go as the UK comes in at number six on the list of sales of sparkling wine by origin - but it's rising year on year.

600 million bottles of wine are bottled in the UK.

This makes the UK wine market the sixth largest in the world, generating 173 billion British pounds of economic activity, according to the WSTA. 10 billion British pounds are made through sales.

Also being showcased here is one of the new kids on the alcohol block, Regal Rogue Vermouth.

According to brand founder Mark Ward, vermouth, by definition, is 75 percent wine. It must have wormwood and it must have an ABV (alcohol by volume) of 15 to 24 percent. These three things have to be in place for a producer to put vermouth on the bottle or it flouts recent EU regulations.

Ward, who was brought up in hospitality, began the project in Australia where he worked closely with top Australian chefs who introduced him to indigenous herbs and spices.

"It seemed like a really obvious thing to do, marrying the herbs and spices with this abundance of Australian wine to create a New World style of vermouth. And you know the tradition of vermouth is really led by the European markets. You know, Italian, French, now Spanish - but now there are vermouths coming out of America, the UK, Germany and obviously Australia. So pretty much anywhere where you find wine now, you will find a vermouth of some sort." he says.

Ward is attempting to educate the wine drinking market which, he believes, is mostly unaware of the fact that vermouth is fundamentally a wine.

This can only be helped by a new pop up for 2016, the Vermouth Bar.

The parent company of London Wine Week is the aptly named "Drink Up London", and they're already preparing for the 2017 event - Brexit or no Brexit.

FOR CLEAN VERSION SEE STORY NUMBER: 4038463

LEAD IN:

UK wine industry experts are eyeing the upcoming vote on whether to leave the European Union with mixed feelings.

With producers and suppliers heavily reliant on pan-European trade, many remain unsure how Brexit will impact upon business.

STORY-LINE:

Sparkling wine on a summer's day in the English capital.

Glistening flutes and bottles in abundance, and a crowd of happy lunchtime drinkers add to the atmosphere of excitement and discovery, along with an impromptu game of ping pong.

It must be London Wine Week.

This is the third year of the festival, and this year is the most popular to date.

Festival director Emma Murphy says "It's the largest self-guided wine tasting that there is across London. It's kind of the only event of its kind that we have over here. So we work with 125 bars, restaurants, independent merchants who all get involved" .

But although these flutes of fizz are English sparkling wine, much of the wine the festival goers here are tasting is from EU member states such as France, Spain, Portugal, Italy and Germany.

The June 23 referendum on whether to quit the European Union is fast approaching. So is this something the industry should fear?

"I wouldn't have said so," says Murphy.

"Wine trade has been going for long enough, even long before the euro, so I wouldn't have thought that would make much difference to be honest with you. Hopefully not anyway."

At the festival hub on London's Devonshire Square, there are pop-up bars featuring wines from across Europe.

These two young graduate trainees are enjoying wines from Portugal, and with their festival wristband, it costs them just five British Pounds for a flight of three.

Oscar Stenbom and Anna Rogers both agree that things may well be different if Britain leaves the union.

"If it's more expensive for them to send the wine here, if there's more tariffs, then yeah I guess it would be," says Anna, while Oscar is concerned about regulation and labelling:

"It would also be more difficult to know what you are drinking because there won't be as many restrictions on labelling the wine based on where it's actually from and the grape it's actually come from."

The New Street wine shop has been taken over by the wine festival. They sell wines from all over the world but today they are holding a tasting featuring wines from Ribera del Duero in northern Spain.

Most wine drinkers know about the region of Rioja, but Bettina Lemm is informing these festival goers about the region she represents.

"I think they (wines of Ribera del Duero) are still an emerging market, especially in the UK. The UK is an important market for Ribera del Duero, it's the seventh-largest export market for Ribera del Duero but I think that we're still establishing ourselves."

But if the UK is an important export market, is Brexit going to throw the proverbial spanner into the works? Lemm doesn't seem too worried "I think at the moment we're pretty confident as we've seen year to year that exports have grown. I think that's going to continue and I don't think it's a worry that we have at the moment," she says.

Wine used to have a rather old fashioned reputation and a comparatively elderly demographic, but this has changed enormously in recent years.

The prevalence of wine clubs popping up in the UK is an indicator of wine's increasing popularity.

Tom Harrow of Honest Grapes explains why this is "I think this is because people want to engage more with what's in the bottle. It's not just liquid, they want to know the stories behind it, they want to meet the people involved. And there's the sociable aspect, you know wine is fundamentally something which we do with other people," he says.

With 125 venues across the metropolis taking part in this festival, there's plenty of opportunity to enjoy it with friends.

But with such enthusiasm for wine spreading across the country, June 23 could bring disruption, according to Harrow "It's fair to say that we're a bit concerned about the possibilities of Brexit, I think the rising price of the euro against the pound will have a serious effect on quality wine. At the moment more than 60 percent of wine that comes into the UK is shipped in massive great tankers and bottled over here and that's not something we get involved with. But that becomes the only affordable way if the pound plummets against the euro. So I think that it won't be a good thing initially for the wine consumer because the prices of these small artisan wines will go up" .

However, the future might be bright in other, unexpected ways.

"All the English wine makers that I speak to say we are half a degree away from being a perfect climate for sparkling wines at least," says Harrow, and with apologies to climate change icon Al Gore, he adds that "global warming is a good thing for the UK sparkling wine trade."

Reports by the WSTA (Wine and Spirit Trade Association) suggest there is still some way to go as the UK comes in at number six on the list of sales of sparkling wine by origin - but it's rising year on year.

600 million bottles of wine are bottled in the UK.

This makes the UK wine market the sixth largest in the world, generating 173 billion British pounds of economic activity, according to the WSTA. 10 billion British pounds are made through sales.

Also being showcased here is one of the new kids on the alcohol block, Regal Rogue Vermouth.

According to brand founder Mark Ward, vermouth, by definition, is 75 percent wine. It must have wormwood and it must have an ABV (alcohol by volume) of 15 to 24 percent. These three things have to be in place for a producer to put vermouth on the bottle or it flouts recent EU regulations.

Ward, who was brought up in hospitality, began the project in Australia where he worked closely with top Australian chefs who introduced him to indigenous herbs and spices.

"It seemed like a really obvious thing to do, marrying the herbs and spices with this abundance of Australian wine to create a New World style of vermouth. And you know the tradition of vermouth is really led by the European markets. You know, Italian, French, now Spanish - but now there are vermouths coming out of America, the UK, Germany and obviously Australia. So pretty much anywhere where you find wine now, you will find a vermouth of some sort." he says.

Ward is attempting to educate the wine drinking market which, he believes, is mostly unaware of the fact that vermouth is fundamentally a wine.

This can only be helped by a new pop up for 2016, the Vermouth Bar.

The parent company of London Wine Week is the aptly named "Drink Up London", and they're already preparing for the 2017 event - Brexit or no Brexit.

AP Television

London - 27 May 2016

1. Close of wine glasses

2. Bartender pouring sparkling wine

3. Tilt down on central courtyard at Devonshire Square, the hub for London Wine Week

4. Group of friends enjoying English sparkling wine

5. Men playing table tennis

6. Sign reading (English) "London Wine Week"

7. Set up shot of Emma Murphy, director of London Wine Week

8. SOUNDBITE (English) Emma Murphy, director of London Wine Week

"What's unique about it? It's the largest self-guided wine tasting that there is across London. It's kind of the only event of its kind that we have over here. So we work with 125 bars, restaurants, independent merchants who all get involved whether that's with offers, special menus or ticketed events across the week."

9. Two women with wine flight selection

10. SOUNDBITE (English) Emma Murphy, director of London Wine Week

(Responding to the question Do you think a Brexit will affect the wine industry negatively?)

"I wouldn't have said so, because I mean, I think, you know, wine trade has been going for long enough, even long before the euro, so I wouldn't have thought that would make much difference to be honest with you. Hopefully not anyway."

11. Sign reading (English) "Pop into our pop up wine bars"

12. Various of Portuguese wine pop up

13. Mid of graduate trainees in insurance Oscar Stenpom and Anna Rogers

14. Flight of Portuguese wines

15. SOUNDBITE (English) Oscar Stenbom and Anna Rogers, Insurance Graduate Trainees:

(Responding to question Do you think a Brexit will mean it will be more difficult for people to access quality wine?)

Stenbom: "Yes,"

Rogers: "I guess so, I mean if it's more expensive for them to send the wine here, if there's more tariffs, then yeah I guess it would be."

Stenbom: "It would also be more difficult to know what you're drinking, because there won't be as many restrictions on labelling the wine based on where it's actually from and the grape it's actually come from."

16. Pull focus of Spanish wine labels

17. Vintage bottles of fortified wine

18. Side view of Spanish wine bottles

19. Set up shot of Bettina Lemm with wines from Ribera del Duero in northern Spain

20. SOUNDBITE (English) Bettina Lemm, Westbury Communications (which represents the Ribera del Duero region in the UK):

"I think they (wines of Ribera del Duero) are still an emerging market, especially in the UK. The UK is an important market for Ribera del Duero, it's the seventh-largest export market for Ribera del Duero, but I think that we're still establishing ourselves. A lot of people know some big names from the region, and we're just trying to bring attention to some other grape producers who might not yet have the same recognition."

21. Close of wine labels

22. SOUNDBITE (English) Bettina Lemm, Westbury Communications (who represent the Ribera del Duero region in the UK):

(Responding to the question are you worried about the possibility of a Brexit affecting your export market?)

"I think at the moment we're pretty confident, as we've seen year to year that exports have grown. I think that's going to continue and I don't think it's a worry that we have at the moment."

23. Pan from mediaeval knight sculpture to pop up courtyard

24. Mid of Provence wines pop up

25. Establisher shot of Tom Harrow, wine director of Honest Grapes Wine Club

26. Close of Harrow eyeing the wine

27. SOUNDBITE (English) Tom Harrow, wine director of Honest Grapes:

"There's been a real rise in wine clubs in London and the UK generally of late, and I think this is because people want to engage more with what's in the bottle. It's not just liquid, they want to know the stories behind it, they want to meet the people involved. And there's the sociable aspect, you know wine is fundamentally something which we do with other people."

28. Mid of woman laughing over a glass of wine

29. SOUNDBITE (English) Tom Harrow, wine director of Honest Grapes:

"It's fair to say that we're a bit concerned about the possibilities of Brexit, I think the rising price of the euro against the pound will have a serious effect on quality wine. At the moment more than 60 percent of wine that comes into the UK is shipped in massive great tankers and then bottled over here and that's not something we get involved with. But that becomes the only affordable way if the pound plummets against the euro. So I think that it won't be a good thing initially for the wine consumer because the prices of these small artisan wines will go up."

30. Woman at table with wine

31. SOUNDBITE (English) Tom Harrow, wine director of Honest Grapes:

"All the English wine makers that I speak to say we are half a degree away from being a perfect climate for sparkling wines at least - and even the whites, and to an extent the reds are really coming up. So I have to say it - sorry Al Gore - global warming is a good thing for the UK sparkling wine trade."

32. Various of English rose and white sparkling wines

33. Vermouth being poured into a glass

34. Various of "Regal Rogue" Vermouth bottle

35. Tilt up of Mark Ward, founder of Regal Rogue vermouth, and his produce

36. SOUNDBITE (English) Mark Ward, founder of Regal Rogue vermouth:

"It seemed like a really obvious thing to do, marrying the herbs and spices with this abundance of Australian wine to create a New World style of vermouth. And you know the tradition of vermouth is really led by the European markets. You know, Italian, French, now Spanish - but now there are vermouths coming out of America, the UK, Germany and obviously Australia. So pretty much anywhere where you find wine now, you will find a vermouth of some sort."

37. Crowd of London Wine Week attendees at the Vermouth Bar

38. Mid of vermouth cocktails being made

39. Focus pull of sign reading (English) "Drink Up"

LENGTH: 6:02

LEAD IN:

UK wine industry experts are eyeing the upcoming vote on whether to leave the European Union with mixed feelings.

With producers and suppliers heavily reliant on pan-European trade, many remain unsure how Brexit will impact upon business.

STORY-LINE:

Sparkling wine on a summer's day in the English capital.

Glistening flutes and bottles in abundance, and a crowd of happy lunchtime drinkers add to the atmosphere of excitement and discovery, along with an impromptu game of ping pong.

It must be London Wine Week.

This is the third year of the festival, and this year is the most popular to date.

Festival director Emma Murphy says "It's the largest self-guided wine tasting that there is across London. It's kind of the only event of its kind that we have over here. So we work with 125 bars, restaurants, independent merchants who all get involved" .

But although these flutes of fizz are English sparkling wine, much of the wine the festival goers here are tasting is from EU member states such as France, Spain, Portugal, Italy and Germany.

The June 23 referendum on whether to quit the European Union is fast approaching. So is this something the industry should fear?

"I wouldn't have said so," says Murphy.

"Wine trade has been going for long enough, even long before the euro, so I wouldn't have thought that would make much difference to be honest with you. Hopefully not anyway."

At the festival hub on London's Devonshire Square, there are pop-up bars featuring wines from across Europe.

These two young graduate trainees are enjoying wines from Portugal, and with their festival wristband, it costs them just five British Pounds for a flight of three.

Oscar Stenbom and Anna Rogers both agree that things may well be different if Britain leaves the union.

"If it's more expensive for them to send the wine here, if there's more tariffs, then yeah I guess it would be," says Anna, while Oscar is concerned about regulation and labelling:

"It would also be more difficult to know what you are drinking because there won't be as many restrictions on labelling the wine based on where it's actually from and the grape it's actually come from."

The New Street wine shop has been taken over by the wine festival. They sell wines from all over the world but today they are holding a tasting featuring wines from Ribera del Duero in northern Spain.

Most wine drinkers know about the region of Rioja, but Bettina Lemm is informing these festival goers about the region she represents.

"I think they (wines of Ribera del Duero) are still an emerging market, especially in the UK. The UK is an important market for Ribera del Duero, it's the seventh-largest export market for Ribera del Duero but I think that we're still establishing ourselves."

But if the UK is an important export market, is Brexit going to throw the proverbial spanner into the works? Lemm doesn't seem too worried "I think at the moment we're pretty confident as we've seen year to year that exports have grown. I think that's going to continue and I don't think it's a worry that we have at the moment," she says.

Wine used to have a rather old fashioned reputation and a comparatively elderly demographic, but this has changed enormously in recent years.

The prevalence of wine clubs popping up in the UK is an indicator of wine's increasing popularity.

Tom Harrow of Honest Grapes explains why this is "I think this is because people want to engage more with what's in the bottle. It's not just liquid, they want to know the stories behind it, they want to meet the people involved. And there's the sociable aspect, you know wine is fundamentally something which we do with other people," he says.

With 125 venues across the metropolis taking part in this festival, there's plenty of opportunity to enjoy it with friends.

But with such enthusiasm for wine spreading across the country, June 23 could bring disruption, according to Harrow "It's fair to say that we're a bit concerned about the possibilities of Brexit, I think the rising price of the euro against the pound will have a serious effect on quality wine. At the moment more than 60 percent of wine that comes into the UK is shipped in massive great tankers and bottled over here and that's not something we get involved with. But that becomes the only affordable way if the pound plummets against the euro. So I think that it won't be a good thing initially for the wine consumer because the prices of these small artisan wines will go up" .

However, the future might be bright in other, unexpected ways.

"All the English wine makers that I speak to say we are half a degree away from being a perfect climate for sparkling wines at least," says Harrow, and with apologies to climate change icon Al Gore, he adds that "global warming is a good thing for the UK sparkling wine trade."

Reports by the WSTA (Wine and Spirit Trade Association) suggest there is still some way to go as the UK comes in at number six on the list of sales of sparkling wine by origin - but it's rising year on year.

600 million bottles of wine are bottled in the UK.

This makes the UK wine market the sixth largest in the world, generating 173 billion British pounds of economic activity, according to the WSTA. 10 billion British pounds are made through sales.

Also being showcased here is one of the new kids on the alcohol block, Regal Rogue Vermouth.

According to brand founder Mark Ward, vermouth, by definition, is 75 percent wine. It must have wormwood and it must have an ABV (alcohol by volume) of 15 to 24 percent. These three things have to be in place for a producer to put vermouth on the bottle or it flouts recent EU regulations.

Ward, who was brought up in hospitality, began the project in Australia where he worked closely with top Australian chefs who introduced him to indigenous herbs and spices.

"It seemed like a really obvious thing to do, marrying the herbs and spices with this abundance of Australian wine to create a New World style of vermouth. And you know the tradition of vermouth is really led by the European markets. You know, Italian, French, now Spanish - but now there are vermouths coming out of America, the UK, Germany and obviously Australia. So pretty much anywhere where you find wine now, you will find a vermouth of some sort." he says.

Ward is attempting to educate the wine drinking market which, he believes, is mostly unaware of the fact that vermouth is fundamentally a wine.

This can only be helped by a new pop up for 2016, the Vermouth Bar.

The parent company of London Wine Week is the aptly named "Drink Up London", and they're already preparing for the 2017 event - Brexit or no Brexit.

LEAD IN:

UK wine industry experts are eyeing the upcoming vote on whether to leave the European Union with mixed feelings.

With producers and suppliers heavily reliant on pan-European trade, many remain unsure how Brexit will impact upon business.

STORY-LINE:

Sparkling wine on a summer's day in the English capital.

Glistening flutes and bottles in abundance, and a crowd of happy lunchtime drinkers add to the atmosphere of excitement and discovery, along with an impromptu game of ping pong.

It must be London Wine Week.

This is the third year of the festival, and this year is the most popular to date.

Festival director Emma Murphy says "It's the largest self-guided wine tasting that there is across London. It's kind of the only event of its kind that we have over here. So we work with 125 bars, restaurants, independent merchants who all get involved" .

But although these flutes of fizz are English sparkling wine, much of the wine the festival goers here are tasting is from EU member states such as France, Spain, Portugal, Italy and Germany.

The June 23 referendum on whether to quit the European Union is fast approaching. So is this something the industry should fear?

"I wouldn't have said so," says Murphy.

"Wine trade has been going for long enough, even long before the euro, so I wouldn't have thought that would make much difference to be honest with you. Hopefully not anyway."

At the festival hub on London's Devonshire Square, there are pop-up bars featuring wines from across Europe.

These two young graduate trainees are enjoying wines from Portugal, and with their festival wristband, it costs them just five British Pounds for a flight of three.

Oscar Stenbom and Anna Rogers both agree that things may well be different if Britain leaves the union.

"If it's more expensive for them to send the wine here, if there's more tariffs, then yeah I guess it would be," says Anna, while Oscar is concerned about regulation and labelling:

"It would also be more difficult to know what you are drinking because there won't be as many restrictions on labelling the wine based on where it's actually from and the grape it's actually come from."

The New Street wine shop has been taken over by the wine festival. They sell wines from all over the world but today they are holding a tasting featuring wines from Ribera del Duero in northern Spain.

Most wine drinkers know about the region of Rioja, but Bettina Lemm is informing these festival goers about the region she represents.

"I think they (wines of Ribera del Duero) are still an emerging market, especially in the UK. The UK is an important market for Ribera del Duero, it's the seventh-largest export market for Ribera del Duero but I think that we're still establishing ourselves."

But if the UK is an important export market, is Brexit going to throw the proverbial spanner into the works? Lemm doesn't seem too worried "I think at the moment we're pretty confident as we've seen year to year that exports have grown. I think that's going to continue and I don't think it's a worry that we have at the moment," she says.

Wine used to have a rather old fashioned reputation and a comparatively elderly demographic, but this has changed enormously in recent years.

The prevalence of wine clubs popping up in the UK is an indicator of wine's increasing popularity.

Tom Harrow of Honest Grapes explains why this is "I think this is because people want to engage more with what's in the bottle. It's not just liquid, they want to know the stories behind it, they want to meet the people involved. And there's the sociable aspect, you know wine is fundamentally something which we do with other people," he says.

With 125 venues across the metropolis taking part in this festival, there's plenty of opportunity to enjoy it with friends.

But with such enthusiasm for wine spreading across the country, June 23 could bring disruption, according to Harrow "It's fair to say that we're a bit concerned about the possibilities of Brexit, I think the rising price of the euro against the pound will have a serious effect on quality wine. At the moment more than 60 percent of wine that comes into the UK is shipped in massive great tankers and bottled over here and that's not something we get involved with. But that becomes the only affordable way if the pound plummets against the euro. So I think that it won't be a good thing initially for the wine consumer because the prices of these small artisan wines will go up" .

However, the future might be bright in other, unexpected ways.

"All the English wine makers that I speak to say we are half a degree away from being a perfect climate for sparkling wines at least," says Harrow, and with apologies to climate change icon Al Gore, he adds that "global warming is a good thing for the UK sparkling wine trade."

Reports by the WSTA (Wine and Spirit Trade Association) suggest there is still some way to go as the UK comes in at number six on the list of sales of sparkling wine by origin - but it's rising year on year.

600 million bottles of wine are bottled in the UK.

This makes the UK wine market the sixth largest in the world, generating 173 billion British pounds of economic activity, according to the WSTA. 10 billion British pounds are made through sales.

Also being showcased here is one of the new kids on the alcohol block, Regal Rogue Vermouth.

According to brand founder Mark Ward, vermouth, by definition, is 75 percent wine. It must have wormwood and it must have an ABV (alcohol by volume) of 15 to 24 percent. These three things have to be in place for a producer to put vermouth on the bottle or it flouts recent EU regulations.

Ward, who was brought up in hospitality, began the project in Australia where he worked closely with top Australian chefs who introduced him to indigenous herbs and spices.

"It seemed like a really obvious thing to do, marrying the herbs and spices with this abundance of Australian wine to create a New World style of vermouth. And you know the tradition of vermouth is really led by the European markets. You know, Italian, French, now Spanish - but now there are vermouths coming out of America, the UK, Germany and obviously Australia. So pretty much anywhere where you find wine now, you will find a vermouth of some sort." he says.

Ward is attempting to educate the wine drinking market which, he believes, is mostly unaware of the fact that vermouth is fundamentally a wine.

This can only be helped by a new pop up for 2016, the Vermouth Bar.

The parent company of London Wine Week is the aptly named "Drink Up London", and they're already preparing for the 2017 event - Brexit or no Brexit.

AP Television

London - 27 May 2016

1. Close of wine glasses

2. Bartender pouring sparkling wine

3. Tilt down on central courtyard at Devonshire Square, the hub for London Wine Week

4. Group of friends enjoying English sparkling wine

5. Men playing table tennis

6. Sign reading (English) "London Wine Week"

7. Set up shot of Emma Murphy, director of London Wine Week

8. SOUNDBITE (English) Emma Murphy, director of London Wine Week

"What's unique about it? It's the largest self-guided wine tasting that there is across London. It's kind of the only event of its kind that we have over here. So we work with 125 bars, restaurants, independent merchants who all get involved whether that's with offers, special menus or ticketed events across the week."

9. Two women with wine flight selection

10. SOUNDBITE (English) Emma Murphy, director of London Wine Week

(Responding to the question Do you think a Brexit will affect the wine industry negatively?)

"I wouldn't have said so, because I mean, I think, you know, wine trade has been going for long enough, even long before the euro, so I wouldn't have thought that would make much difference to be honest with you. Hopefully not anyway."

11. Sign reading (English) "Pop into our pop up wine bars"

12. Various of Portuguese wine pop up

13. Mid of graduate trainees in insurance Oscar Stenpom and Anna Rogers

14. Flight of Portuguese wines

15. SOUNDBITE (English) Oscar Stenbom and Anna Rogers, Insurance Graduate Trainees:

(Responding to question Do you think a Brexit will mean it will be more difficult for people to access quality wine?)

Stenbom: "Yes,"

Rogers: "I guess so, I mean if it's more expensive for them to send the wine here, if there's more tariffs, then yeah I guess it would be."

Stenbom: "It would also be more difficult to know what you're drinking, because there won't be as many restrictions on labelling the wine based on where it's actually from and the grape it's actually come from."

16. Pull focus of Spanish wine labels

17. Vintage bottles of fortified wine

18. Side view of Spanish wine bottles

19. Set up shot of Bettina Lemm with wines from Ribera del Duero in northern Spain

20. SOUNDBITE (English) Bettina Lemm, Westbury Communications (which represents the Ribera del Duero region in the UK):

"I think they (wines of Ribera del Duero) are still an emerging market, especially in the UK. The UK is an important market for Ribera del Duero, it's the seventh-largest export market for Ribera del Duero, but I think that we're still establishing ourselves. A lot of people know some big names from the region, and we're just trying to bring attention to some other grape producers who might not yet have the same recognition."

21. Close of wine labels

22. SOUNDBITE (English) Bettina Lemm, Westbury Communications (who represent the Ribera del Duero region in the UK):

(Responding to the question are you worried about the possibility of a Brexit affecting your export market?)

"I think at the moment we're pretty confident, as we've seen year to year that exports have grown. I think that's going to continue and I don't think it's a worry that we have at the moment."

23. Pan from mediaeval knight sculpture to pop up courtyard

24. Mid of Provence wines pop up

25. Establisher shot of Tom Harrow, wine director of Honest Grapes Wine Club

26. Close of Harrow eyeing the wine

27. SOUNDBITE (English) Tom Harrow, wine director of Honest Grapes:

"There's been a real rise in wine clubs in London and the UK generally of late, and I think this is because people want to engage more with what's in the bottle. It's not just liquid, they want to know the stories behind it, they want to meet the people involved. And there's the sociable aspect, you know wine is fundamentally something which we do with other people."

28. Mid of woman laughing over a glass of wine

29. SOUNDBITE (English) Tom Harrow, wine director of Honest Grapes:

"It's fair to say that we're a bit concerned about the possibilities of Brexit, I think the rising price of the euro against the pound will have a serious effect on quality wine. At the moment more than 60 percent of wine that comes into the UK is shipped in massive great tankers and then bottled over here and that's not something we get involved with. But that becomes the only affordable way if the pound plummets against the euro. So I think that it won't be a good thing initially for the wine consumer because the prices of these small artisan wines will go up."

30. Woman at table with wine

31. SOUNDBITE (English) Tom Harrow, wine director of Honest Grapes:

"All the English wine makers that I speak to say we are half a degree away from being a perfect climate for sparkling wines at least - and even the whites, and to an extent the reds are really coming up. So I have to say it - sorry Al Gore - global warming is a good thing for the UK sparkling wine trade."

32. Various of English rose and white sparkling wines

33. Vermouth being poured into a glass

34. Various of "Regal Rogue" Vermouth bottle

35. Tilt up of Mark Ward, founder of Regal Rogue vermouth, and his produce

36. SOUNDBITE (English) Mark Ward, founder of Regal Rogue vermouth:

"It seemed like a really obvious thing to do, marrying the herbs and spices with this abundance of Australian wine to create a New World style of vermouth. And you know the tradition of vermouth is really led by the European markets. You know, Italian, French, now Spanish - but now there are vermouths coming out of America, the UK, Germany and obviously Australia. So pretty much anywhere where you find wine now, you will find a vermouth of some sort."

37. Crowd of London Wine Week attendees at the Vermouth Bar

38. Mid of vermouth cocktails being made

39. Focus pull of sign reading (English) "Drink Up"

LENGTH: 6:02

LEAD IN:

For decades Britain's discontent over its European Union (EU) membership has simmered on, but then came the June referendum.

Nationalism surfaced and Britain's voted to leave the EU.

Brexit as it became known sent shockwaves through money markets and governments around the world.

STORY-LINE:

In the weeks running up to referendum judgement day, the British were busy with a little soul searching.

Mulling over their shared history, the country's pride in their democracy and heritage.

It was a year when Queen Elizabeth celebrated being the longest reigning UK monarch and the country celebrated her ninetieth birthday.

The pomp and ceremony from her recent jubilee were still a source of pride and were reminiscent of the heydays when London style was considered to be world leading.

In the 1960's British fashion and British pop were riding high.

That sense of being at the vanguard of style has continued, according to Robert Johnston the Fashion Director of GQ Magazine: "You also think street scene, you think east London, you think hipsters, you think the most vibrant street fashion possibly in the world."

Author Iain Aitch explained how a variety of heritages were now mixed up, making Britishness a more complex idea to communicate: "Everyone might say a Sunday roast or fish and chips, that's a quintessentially British meal, but then suddenly everyone says it's chicken tikka masala."

But it wasn't this hipster, Brick Lane art and curry house side of Britain that won the vote.

The referendum on June 23rd was to signal the start of a long debate.

Britons for the first time had to absorb what being outside of the EU looked like.

Britain joined what was then called the European Economic Community in January 1973.

This was ratified by a referendum in 1975 with a resounding 67% majority.

By the seventies, Britain was beset by strikes and disgruntled union workers.

Traditional industries such as manufacturing and coal were in decline in the mid seventies.

Unemployment exceeded one million for the first time in March 1975. By the August that figure had increased to 1.25 million.

Some 83,000 immigrants were living in the UK by 1975, mostly from the Commonwealth.

According to Migration Watch UK for the year ending December 2015, net migration to the UK was 333,000.

And the lady had yet to turn. Margaret Thatcher MP (then leader of the opposition) campaigned to stay in the European Economic Community.

Later as prime minister between 1979 and 1990, Thatcher was known for her tough line with Brussels, especially during negotiations for the Maastrict Treaty in 1992.

The city of Maastrict is the home of the treaty which created the EU.

As summer arrived, businesses, leading universities and research establishments were beginning to assess the impact of Brexit.

For science and medicine, concerns were two fold.

Britain had attracted thousands of top researchers as well as billions of Euros in grants.

They went into research like this at Kings College London.

This project is a multidisciplinary look at the potential causes and effects of autism. It's a long term project which is linked to other studies across Europe.

Doctors and scientists aren't worried about losing cash in the short term, but falling behind in the knowledge race in the long term, especially as Britain has sought to place itself as a central base for the new industrial technologies.

The other fear is losing the brains which have been drawn to British research, people who now fear they will need to move to other institutions to keep up with the cash and the research.

Lead scientist at King's College Professor Declan Murphy warned: "Big questions need big populations to come up with the right answers, and we simply cannot deliver the amount of patients for the amount of science from one centre from one country."

The EU's Horizon 2020 budget is 80-billion Euro which funds medicine and science research across Europe.

Britain's split from the EU will leave a funding gap as well as a brain drain, according to Murphy. He argues it will be the children with autism like Van Velzen who will lose out.

As an island nation, boat building and sales have been important to the UK.

The industry fears rough waters may be ahead for Britain's luxury yacht industry, but right now it's riding on a wave caused by the plunge in the pound's value.

Phil Popham, the CEO of Sunseeker International was cautious: "We've benefited because of the weakness of the pound, but its all about business confidence."

Others like Russell Currie, the Managing Director of Fairline Yachts, says he already had cause to worry: "We've had an overnight decrease in the price of our boats in areas such as the European market."

British Marine's chief executive Howard Pridding tried to show more confidence in the course ahead: "Obviously, industry and business need stability and the time it will take to exit from the European Union will be problematic."

An estimated 1.2 million Britons live in other EU countries, mostly France, Portugal and Spain according to Britain's House of Commons library.

But that's a conservative figure because many expats don't bother registering with their embassies or the local authorities.

At Mijas on Spain's Costa del Sol, many Brits don't want to return to Blighty.

Used to the sun, sea and cafe society, some British residents are so concerned that their lives on the Costas are threatened, that after many years they're finally learning to speak Spanish.

According to Mijas' Mayor Juan Carlos Maldonado: "When the results of the Brexit (referendum) were known, a big uncertainty was created."

Local traders are also keen to keep the British on the Costa.

Many are retired and spend their pensions here.

Bar owner Sergio Morales says: "Most of our clients here, around 80% of them, are British."

A cloud of uncertainty still hangs over British expats in Spain and elsewhere in Europe.

And it's possible a string of similar nationality schools for expats may spring up.

Not everyone was bemoaning the onset of Brexit.

The art and antique market experienced a mini boom according to London dealers at this winter fair.

The weak pound against the dollar and Euro has seen American collectors in particular start to snap up bargains with savings of beween 25 and 30 per cent compared with six months ago.

Art dealers are reporting a similar trend.

They say investors see the arts market as a safe refuge in uncertain times.

As Christmas approaches the toy industry is bracing itself and Santa is wondering whether he'll have much to be jolly about.

It's the time of year when manufacturers and retailers count on making their biggest cash bonus of the year.

According to industry analyst Frederique Tutt: "Since the Brexit vote the toy market has been faring really well with an increase of three percent."

That's because toy retailers buy stock almost a year in advance and can keep prices stable, but the toy dealers here admit next year the stockings left out for Father Chrismas may have shrunk considerably.

There's nothing as Christmassy as a Christmas tree, but in Denmark the outlook for tree producers isn't quite so evergreen.

According to the Danish Christmas Tree Association, the small Scandinavian country grows around 11.5 million trees a year.

About 9.5 million of those are exported.

But these are challenging times and currency fluctuations are having an effect on trade.

Speaking about his members, Claus Jerram Christensen of the Danish Christmas Tree Association says: "They have experienced that the low exchange rate for the sterling pound makes it more difficult to achieve the same prices."

The true impact of Brexit on Britain and Europe as a whole is still to an extent unknown.

The UK government had announced it was to trigger Article 50 next March to start negotiations to leave EU.

But since then, Brexit has twice been contested in the High Court.

One ruling has already stated Britain's law makers should be allowed a vote in Parliament beforehand.

Breaking up, it seems, really is hard to do.

AP Television

London, UK - 22 February 2016

1. Wide of UK Houses of Parliament as London bus passes

2. Close of clock face at the top of Elizabeth Tower, which houses Big Ben

AP Television

London, UK - 16 June 2016

3. Wide of Big Ben as seen from Buckingham Palace

4. Wide of Buckingham Palace

POOL

London, UK - 3 June 2012

5. Queen Elizabeth II with Prince Philip (centre), Charles (left) and Camilla (right) on royal barge during Diamond Jubilee celebrations

6. Mid of Duke and Duchess of Cambridge and Prince Harry on royal barge

7. Pull out of royal barge sailing down River Thames during Diamond Jubilee celebrations

AP Television

London, UK - 11 June, 2016

8. Mid of Queen Elizabeth II in carriage during the Trooping of the Colour for her 90th birthday celebrations

9. Wide of Guardsmen in ceremonial marching during the celebrations

AP Television

London, UK - 1960s

++BLACK AND WHITE FOOTAGE / MUTE++

++4:3++

10. Close tilt down of man putting shirt in carrier bag

11. Wide of man by scooters

UNIVERSAL ARCHIVES

London, UK - 31 October 1963

++BLACK AND WHITE FOOTAGE / MUTE++

++4:3++

12. Various of Beatles getting off plane in London

AP Television

London, UK - 7 June 2016

++16:9++

13. SOUNDBITE (English) Robert Johnston, Fashion Director, GQ Magazine UK

"You also think street scene, you think east London, you think hipsters, you think the most vibrant street fashion possibly in the world."

AP Television

London, UK - 3 July 2012

14. Punk and goth street fashion in Camden

AP Television

London, UK - 16 June, 2016

15. Hipster in Brick Lane cafe

16. Pull focus of street sign reading: (English) "Brick Lane E1"

17. Various of curry houses on Brick Lane

AP Television

Margate, UK - 8 June 2016

18. Various of Margate beach and people relaxing in sunshine

19. SOUNDBITE (English) Iain Aitch, Author:

"Everyone might say a Sunday roast or fish and chips, that's a quintessentially British meal, but then suddenly everyone says it's chicken tikka masala."

20. Various of takeaway fish and chips being served

AP Television

London, United Kingdom, April 30, 1973 (MUTE)

++4:3++

21. Red buses on a London street

AP Television

London, United Kingdom, September 24, 1973 (MUTE)

++4:3++

22. Tilt down of Ford workers walking out of various plants

23. Wide of Ford cars on a train

24. Various men take part in industrial action at Ford plant

AP Television

United Kingdom, February 10, 1974 - no exact location available

++4:3++

25. Various of non functioning coal mines during national coal strike

AP Television

London, United Kingdom, June 3, 1975 (MUTE)

++4:3++

26. Mid of Margaret Thatcher wearing a flags-of-Europe sweater, flanked by women also wearing pro-Europe sweaters

AP Television

Maastricht, Netherlands - 7 June 2016

++16:9++

27. Clocktower of Maastricht town hall with EU, Limburg and Maastricht flags

28. Wide of streets in the town

AP Television

London, UK - 7 July 2016

29. Various of autistic teenager Rens Van Velzen completing other puzzles with black and yellow blocks against the clock

30. Close tilt down of the psychologist on the autism study at Kings College London timing Rens Van Velzen during test

31. Close of Van Velzen

32. SOUNDBITE (English) Professor Declan Murphy lead scientist, EU Aims study on autism, Kings College London:

"Big questions need big populations to come up with the right answers, and we simply cannot deliver the amount of patients for the amount of science from one centre or from one country."

33. Various of Van Velzen being tested in eye tracking unit at Kings College London

AP Television

Southampton, UK - 16 September 2016

34. Wide of Southampton Boat Show 2016, cruise ship in background

35. Tilt down to pontoon, boats and visitors

36. Close of 'Sunseeker' flag

37. Various of Sunseeker 95 Yacht exterior

38. SOUNDBITE (English) Phil Popham, CEO of Sunseeker International:

"We've benefited because of the weakness of the pound, but its all about business confidence."

39. Various of Fairline yacht

40. SOUNDBITE (English) Russell Currie, Managing Director of Fairline Yachts:

"We've had an overnight decrease in the price of our boats in areas such as the European market

41. Zoom out from cruise ship docked near boat show

42. SOUNDBITE (English) Howard Pridding, Chief Executive of British Marine:

"Industry and business need stability and the time it will take to exit from the European Union will be problematic"

AP Television

Mijas, Malaga - October 6, 2016

43. Wide of coastal area of Mijas

44. Pan of typical apartments in the area and people walking by the sea side

45. Various of British pensioners taking Spanish classes in the Parnell School

46. Various of Juan Mayor Carlos Maldonado in his office

47. SOUNDBITE (Spanish) Juan Carlos Maldonado, Mayor of Mijas:

"When the results of the Brexit (referendum) were known, a big uncertainty was created."

48. Various of family walking near beach

49. Pan from people walking up steps from the beach to the owner of Royal Beach cafe talking

50. SOUNDBITE (Spanish) Sergio Morales, co-owner of Royal Beach bar in Mijas:

"Most of our clients here, around 80% of them, are British."

AP Television

London, UK - 1 November 2016

51. Pull focus of bronze Japanese archer

52. Mid of men admiring antique chandelier

53. Art dealer Tanya Baxter showing painting to visitor

54. Close tilt down of painting 'Paper Bride in Waiting' by Zeng Chuanxing (price £120,000/ USD 147,000)

55. Wide of antique clock stand

AP Television

London, UK - 9 November 2016

56. Mid of Tiana Wilson with Santa who is holding a Hatchimal waiting for the toy to hatch

57. Wide of girl playing with toy on chair

58. Mid zoom in to boys playing with Bluetooth Furbys

59. Low mid view of caterpillar going past boys and Furbys

60. SOUNDBITE (English) Frederique Tutt, toy industry analyst, NPD:

"Since the Brexit vote the toy market has been faring really well with an increase of three percent."

AP Television

Lundby, Denmark - 22 November 2016

61. Mid tilt up of Christmas tree plantation

62. Wide of plantation through tops of trees

AP Television

Copenhagen, Denmark - 21 November 2016

63. SOUNDBITE (English) Claus Jerram Christensen, Managing Director of the Danish Christmas Tree Association:

"The low exchange rate for the sterling pound makes it more difficult to achieve the same prices."

64. Mid of large container truck filled with trees pulling out of yard stacked with trees

65. Pan across field of Christmas tree saplings for 2018 and beyond

WORLD BREXIT REVIEW

SOURCE: AP HORIZONS, LIFESTYLE, HEALTH AND TECHNOLOGY / POOL

RESTRICTIONS: HORIZONS CLIENTS AND AP LIFESTYLE, HEALTH AND TECHNOLOGY CLIENTS ONLY

LENGTH: 6.44

SHOTLIST:

AP Television

London, UK - 22 February 2016

1. Wide of UK Houses of Parliament as London bus passes

2. Close of clock face at the top of Elizabeth Tower, which houses Big Ben

AP Television

London, UK - 16 June 2016

3. Wide of Big Ben as seen from Buckingham Palace

4. Wide of Buckingham Palace

POOL

London, UK - 3 June 2012

5. Queen Elizabeth II with Prince Philip (centre), Charles (left) and Camilla (right) on royal barge during Diamond Jubilee celebrations

6. Mid of Duke and Duchess of Cambridge and Prince Harry on royal barge

7. Pull out of royal barge sailing down River Thames during Diamond Jubilee celebrations

AP Television

London, UK - 11 June, 2016

8. Mid of Queen Elizabeth II in carriage during the Trooping of the Colour for her 90th birthday celebrations

9. Wide of Guardsmen in ceremonial marching during the celebrations

AP Television

London, UK - 1960s

++BLACK AND WHITE FOOTAGE / MUTE++

++4:3++

10. Close tilt down of man putting shirt in carrier bag

11. Wide of man by scooters

UNIVERSAL ARCHIVES

London, UK - 31 October 1963

++BLACK AND WHITE FOOTAGE / MUTE++

++4:3++

12. Various of Beatles getting off plane in London

AP Television

London, UK - 7 June 2016

++16:9++

13. SOUNDBITE (English) Robert Johnston, Fashion Director, GQ Magazine UK

"You also think street scene, you think east London, you think hipsters, you think the most vibrant street fashion possibly in the world."

AP Television

London, UK - 3 July 2012

14. Punk and goth street fashion in Camden

AP Television

London, UK - 16 June, 2016

15. Hipster in Brick Lane cafe

16. Pull focus of street sign reading: (English) "Brick Lane E1"

17. Various of curry houses on Brick Lane

AP Television

Margate, UK - 8 June 2016

18. Various of Margate beach and people relaxing in sunshine

19. SOUNDBITE (English) Iain Aitch, Author:

"Everyone might say a Sunday roast or fish and chips, that's a quintessentially British meal, but then suddenly everyone says it's chicken tikka masala."

20. Various of takeaway fish and chips being served

AP Television

London, United Kingdom, April 30, 1973 (MUTE)

++4:3++

21. Red buses on a London street

AP Television

London, United Kingdom, September 24, 1973 (MUTE)

++4:3++

22. Tilt down of Ford workers walking out of various plants

23. Wide of Ford cars on a train

24. Various men take part in industrial action at Ford plant

AP Television

United Kingdom, February 10, 1974 - no exact location available

++4:3++

25. Various of non functioning coal mines during national coal strike

AP Television

London, United Kingdom, June 3, 1975 (MUTE)

++4:3++

26. Mid of Margaret Thatcher wearing a flags-of-Europe sweater, flanked by women also wearing pro-Europe sweaters

AP Television

Maastricht, Netherlands - 7 June 2016

++16:9++

27. Clocktower of Maastricht town hall with EU, Limburg and Maastricht flags

28. Wide of streets in the town

AP Television

London, UK - 7 July 2016

29. Various of autistic teenager Rens Van Velzen completing other puzzles with black and yellow blocks against the clock

30. Close tilt down of the psychologist on the autism study at Kings College London timing Rens Van Velzen during test

31. Close of Van Velzen

32. SOUNDBITE (English) Professor Declan Murphy lead scientist, EU Aims study on autism, Kings College London:

"Big questions need big populations to come up with the right answers, and we simply cannot deliver the amount of patients for the amount of science from one centre or from one country."

33. Various of Van Velzen being tested in eye tracking unit at Kings College London

AP Television

Southampton, UK - 16 September 2016

34. Wide of Southampton Boat Show 2016, cruise ship in background

35. Tilt down to pontoon, boats and visitors

36. Close of 'Sunseeker' flag

37. Various of Sunseeker 95 Yacht exterior

38. SOUNDBITE (English) Phil Popham, CEO of Sunseeker International:

"We've benefited because of the weakness of the pound, but its all about business confidence."

39. Various of Fairline yacht

40. SOUNDBITE (English) Russell Currie, Managing Director of Fairline Yachts:

"We've had an overnight decrease in the price of our boats in areas such as the European market

41. Zoom out from cruise ship docked near boat show

42. SOUNDBITE (English) Howard Pridding, Chief Executive of British Marine:

"Industry and business need stability and the time it will take to exit from the European Union will be problematic"

AP Television

Mijas, Malaga - October 6, 2016

43. Wide of coastal area of Mijas

44. Pan of typical apartments in the area and people walking by the sea side

45. Various of British pensioners taking Spanish classes in the Parnell School

46. Various of Juan Mayor Carlos Maldonado in his office

47. SOUNDBITE (Spanish) Juan Carlos Maldonado, Mayor of Mijas:

"When the results of the Brexit (referendum) were known, a big uncertainty was created."

48. Various of family walking near beach

49. Pan from people walking up steps from the beach to the owner of Royal Beach cafe talking

50. SOUNDBITE (Spanish) Sergio Morales, co-owner of Royal Beach bar in Mijas:

"Most of our clients here, around 80% of them, are British."

AP Television

London, UK - 1 November 2016

51. Pull focus of bronze Japanese archer

52. Mid of men admiring antique chandelier

53. Art dealer Tanya Baxter showing painting to visitor

54. Close tilt down of painting 'Paper Bride in Waiting' by Zeng Chuanxing (price £120,000/ USD 147,000)

55. Wide of antique clock stand

AP Television

London, UK - 9 November 2016

56. Mid of Tiana Wilson with Santa who is holding a Hatchimal waiting for the toy to hatch

57. Wide of girl playing with toy on chair

58. Mid zoom in to boys playing with Bluetooth Furbys

59. Low mid view of caterpillar going past boys and Furbys

60. SOUNDBITE (English) Frederique Tutt, toy industry analyst, NPD:

"Since the Brexit vote the toy market has been faring really well with an increase of three percent."

AP Television

Lundby, Denmark - 22 November 2016

61. Mid tilt up of Christmas tree plantation

62. Wide of plantation through tops of trees

AP Television

Copenhagen, Denmark - 21 November 2016

63. SOUNDBITE (English) Claus Jerram Christensen, Managing Director of the Danish Christmas Tree Association:

"The low exchange rate for the sterling pound makes it more difficult to achieve the same prices."

64. Mid of large container truck filled with trees pulling out of yard stacked with trees

65. Pan across field of Christmas tree saplings for 2018 and beyond

LEADIN:

For decades Britain's discontent over its European Union (EU) membership has simmered on, but then came the June referendum.

Nationalism surfaced and Britain's voted to leave the EU.

Brexit as it became known sent shockwaves through money markets and governments around the world.

STORYLINE:

In the weeks running up to referendum judgement day, the British were busy with a little soul searching.

Mulling over their shared history, the country's pride in their democracy and heritage.

It was a year when Queen Elizabeth celebrated being the longest reigning UK monarch and the country celebrated her ninetieth birthday.

The pomp and ceremony from her recent jubilee were still a source of pride and were reminiscent of the heydays when London style was considered to be world leading.

In the 1960's British fashion and British pop were riding high.

That sense of being at the vanguard of style has continued, according to Robert Johnston the Fashion Director of GQ Magazine: "You also think street scene, you think east London, you think hipsters, you think the most vibrant street fashion possibly in the world."

Author Iain Aitch explained how a variety of heritages were now mixed up, making Britishness a more complex idea to communicate: "Everyone might say a Sunday roast or fish and chips, that's a quintessentially British meal, but then suddenly everyone says it's chicken tikka masala."

But it wasn't this hipster, Brick Lane art and curry house side of Britain that won the vote.

The referendum on June 23rd was to signal the start of a long debate.

Britons for the first time had to absorb what being outside of the EU looked like.

Britain joined what was then called the European Economic Community in January 1973.

This was ratified by a referendum in 1975 with a resounding 67% majority.

By the seventies, Britain was beset by strikes and disgruntled union workers.

Traditional industries such as manufacturing and coal were in decline in the mid seventies.

Unemployment exceeded one million for the first time in March 1975. By the August that figure had increased to 1.25 million.

Some 83,000 immigrants were living in the UK by 1975, mostly from the Commonwealth.

According to Migration Watch UK for the year ending December 2015, net migration to the UK was 333,000.

And the lady had yet to turn. Margaret Thatcher MP (then leader of the opposition) campaigned to stay in the European Economic Community.

Later as prime minister between 1979 and 1990, Thatcher was known for her tough line with Brussels, especially during negotiations for the Maastrict Treaty in 1992.

The city of Maastrict is the home of the treaty which created the EU.

As summer arrived, businesses, leading universities and research establishments were beginning to assess the impact of Brexit.

For science and medicine, concerns were two fold.

Britain had attracted thousands of top researchers as well as billions of Euros in grants.

They went into research like this at Kings College London.

This project is a multidisciplinary look at the potential causes and effects of autism. It's a long term project which is linked to other studies across Europe.

Doctors and scientists aren't worried about losing cash in the short term, but falling behind in the knowledge race in the long term, especially as Britain has sought to place itself as a central base for the new industrial technologies.

The other fear is losing the brains which have been drawn to British research, people who now fear they will need to move to other institutions to keep up with the cash and the research.

Lead scientist at King's College Professor Declan Murphy warned: "Big questions need big populations to come up with the right answers, and we simply cannot deliver the amount of patients for the amount of science from one centre from one country."

The EU's Horizon 2020 budget is 80-billion Euro which funds medicine and science research across Europe.

Britain's split from the EU will leave a funding gap as well as a brain drain, according to Murphy. He argues it will be the children with autism like Van Velzen who will lose out.

As an island nation, boat building and sales have been important to the UK.

The industry fears rough waters may be ahead for Britain's luxury yacht industry, but right now it's riding on a wave caused by the plunge in the pound's value.

Phil Popham, the CEO of Sunseeker International was cautious: "We've benefited because of the weakness of the pound, but its all about business confidence."

Others like Russell Currie, the Managing Director of Fairline Yachts, says he already had cause to worry: "We've had an overnight decrease in the price of our boats in areas such as the European market."

British Marine's chief executive Howard Pridding tried to show more confidence in the course ahead: "Obviously, industry and business need stability and the time it will take to exit from the European Union will be problematic."

An estimated 1.2 million Britons live in other EU countries, mostly France, Portugal and Spain according to Britain's House of Commons library.

But that's a conservative figure because many expats don't bother registering with their embassies or the local authorities.

At Mijas on Spain's Costa del Sol, many Brits don't want to return to Blighty.

Used to the sun, sea and cafe society, some British residents are so concerned that their lives on the Costas are threatened, that after many years they're finally learning to speak Spanish.

According to Mijas' Mayor Juan Carlos Maldonado: "When the results of the Brexit (referendum) were known, a big uncertainty was created."

Local traders are also keen to keep the British on the Costa.

Many are retired and spend their pensions here.

Bar owner Sergio Morales says: "Most of our clients here, around 80% of them, are British."

A cloud of uncertainty still hangs over British expats in Spain and elsewhere in Europe.

And it's possible a string of similar nationality schools for expats may spring up.

Not everyone was bemoaning the onset of Brexit.

The art and antique market experienced a mini boom according to London dealers at this winter fair.

The weak pound against the dollar and Euro has seen American collectors in particular start to snap up bargains with savings of beween 25 and 30 per cent compared with six months ago.

Art dealers are reporting a similar trend.

They say investors see the arts market as a safe refuge in uncertain times.

As Christmas approaches the toy industry is bracing itself and Santa is wondering whether he'll have much to be jolly about.

It's the time of year when manufacturers and retailers count on making their biggest cash bonus of the year.

According to industry analyst Frederique Tutt: "Since the Brexit vote the toy market has been faring really well with an increase of three percent."

That's because toy retailers buy stock almost a year in advance and can keep prices stable, but the toy dealers here admit next year the stockings left out for Father Chrismas may have shrunk considerably.

There's nothing as Christmassy as a Christmas tree, but in Denmark the outlook for tree producers isn't quite so evergreen.

According to the Danish Christmas Tree Association, the small Scandinavian country grows around 11.5 million trees a year.

About 9.5 million of those are exported.

But these are challenging times and currency fluctuations are having an effect on trade.

Speaking about his members, Claus Jerram Christensen of the Danish Christmas Tree Association says: "They have experienced that the low exchange rate for the sterling pound makes it more difficult to achieve the same prices."

The true impact of Brexit on Britain and Europe as a whole is still to an extent unknown.

The UK government had announced it was to trigger Article 50 next March to start negotiations to leave EU.

But since then, Brexit has twice been contested in the High Court.

One ruling has already stated Britain's law makers should be allowed a vote in Parliament beforehand.

Breaking up, it seems, really is hard to do.

====

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The community of Beaucaire, a town in the south of France, was divided on Thursday about its far-right mayor's decision to name one of the town's streets 'Brexit Street.'

Mayor Julien Sanchez explained that he thinks "the British wrote history in 2016 with Brexit, and we wanted to pay them homage through this street's name."

The future 'Brexit Street' is a circular road that provides access to the community garbage centre.

It lies on the outskirts of the town of 16-thousand, in an industrial zone.

It departs and ends in Robert Schuman Street, the name of one the founders of the European Union.

Beaucaire - 29 December 2016

1. Tilt up Brexit Street

2. Garbage truck on Brexit Street

3. Beaucaire garbage centre on Brexit Street

4. Close of panel (French) 'Beaucaire community - Terre d'Argence' (name of the community)

5. Garbage centre on Brexit Street

6. Beaucaire Town Hall and market

7. French flags

8. Various of Beaucaire Mayor Julien Sanchez at his desk

9. Sanchez pointing where Brexit Street is on a map

10. SOUNDBITE (French) Julien Sanchez, Mayor of Beaucaire:

"It's a homage to actuality and to history. History is not only 15-hundred or 16-hundred years it's written daily. I think the British wrote history in 2016 with Brexit, and we wanted to pay them homage through this street's name."

11. Sanchez talking to his chief of staff

12. SOUNDBITE (French) Julien Sanchez, Mayor of Beaucaire:

"We hope for a lot from the next elections. Marine Le Pen (President of the National Front) very clearly said she wishes to renegotiate the place of France in the European Union, renegotiate and find our sovereignty back in the migration field, and also the economy."

13. Various market

14. SOUNDBITE (French) Vox pop, Fabienne (no last name given), Tarascon resident (neighbouring town to Beaucaire):

"This is a very good choice... To think that the English made a good decision, and I think he (Sanchez) is right to stand behind them."

15. Market stalls

16. SOUNDBITE (French) Rabah Ouahrani, Former town hall councillor:

"What's the point? Is this to encourage French people to do 'Frexit'? I don't think so. France is France. UK is the UK. They could have named the street Elizabeth II, why not? But Brexit? This is nonsense, truly."

17. Market

18. SOUNDBITE (French) Vox pop, Michel Adami, singer:

"There are famous names in Provence (region), no need to use English names... Let's stay... At home. The English want to stay home... We should start to stay home too, with real French names."

19 Various of Beaucaire

FOR CLEAN VERSION SEE STORY NUMBER: 4043819

LEAD IN:

For years, Berlin and London have competed to be the 'Silicon Valley of Europe', the place where start-ups and tech companies base their operations.

After Britain's historic vote to leave the European Union, many in Berlin now feel the German capital has a clear advantage.

STORY-LINE:

It's called 'Silicon Alley'.

Thousands of start-ups are formed in Berlin each year. As many as one every 20 minutes according to 'Start-up Berlin' - an organisation which tracks new companies in the German capital.

The only other European city that could compete with Berlin for the title of the 'Silicon Valley of Europe' is London.

Following Britain's recent vote to leave the European Union, politicians and business leaders in Berlin are now sensing they have a chance to pull ahead in the race.

When Berlin's economy minister, Cornelia Yzer woke to news of the result of Britain's EU referendum, her initial reaction was disappointment.

But then she reached for her phone and stepped up her efforts to lure companies from Britain to the German capital.

"As regrettable as I find the British decision, it's also clear that this could create chances for Berlin that I, as the minister for economy of this country, should use," she says.

Yzer (pron. EE-ser) isn't the only official on the continent hoping for a Brexit bonanza.

Britain's referendum to leave the 28-nation bloc has already seen a frenzy of bids from cities such as Frankfurt, Paris and Amsterdam to succeed London as Europe's financial capital.

Berlin stands little chance of competing for a piece of the lucrative banking pie.

But Yzer believes multinational companies, from airlines to pharmaceutical firms, will see the advantage of basing their European headquarters in the capital of the EU's biggest economy.

"The decision (to leave the EU), which I regret, was taken by Britain," she says.

"So there can't be any surprise that those who see themselves firmly anchored inside the European Union, and that's the case for Germany and its capital Berlin, now want to make sure that they're a home for businesses that say 'we need to be in.'"

Berlin's image as a relaxed and relatively affordable city may convince some tech companies to relocate to Berlin, which is already home to audio-sharing platform SoundCloud and online retailer Zalando.

6Wunderkinder, makers of the 'Wunderlist' app, was formed and based in Berlin before being sold to Microsoft last year.

Yzer says she's already in contact with several tech companies based in London.

"Of course I'm speaking to companies that have their European headquarters in London about whether they should move their European headquarters to Berlin in the future," she says.

One of the key benefits that Berlin's business ambassadors will likely tout is access to the EU's single market that ensures the free movement of labour and capital.

"The prevailing feeling here in Berlin is that with the Brexit London has more or less taken itself out of the race," says Lukas Kampfmann, co-founder of Factory Berlin, a company that rents space to tech firms.

"And we do believe that over time the advantage of Berlin will grow and more tech start-ups will come to Berlin, will be founded here and will succeed here in comparison to London."

London and Brussels are likely to spend years haggling over trade tariffs and labour permits, creating uncertainty for UK companies wanting to do business on the other side of the channel.

"Once the Brexit has been done it's not going to get easier for London-based companies to do business in the world, but probably harder," says Kampfmann.

But, convincing companies to move to the continent may not be so easy.

Those who know Berlin have questioned whether it can match the cosmopolitan and dynamic atmosphere of London.

The city's new airport is years behind schedule, English isn't universally spoken and bureaucracy can be cumbersome.

"We have a situation that Great Britain will leave Europe. Will that necessarily mean that start-ups will come to Berlin? I don't think so," says Artur Fischer, co-CEO of the Berlin Stock Exchange.

"Because, at the moment a start-up doesn't necessarily need to enjoy all the advantages of the EU. It enjoys a local advantage. And at some stage it might need funding. But the funding process in today's world works through crowd-funding, it works through private equity. And that is available in London, it won't go away so swiftly."

Even if companies don't move straight away, people working in those London companies may move quicker.

Wooga, a games development company based in Berlin, already has 19 British staff members, out of a total of around 300.

Steven Gilmore is the head of human resources at the company and is also British.

He says he expects an increase in applications from London-based coders and designers.

"I personally would think that if you want to move from the UK, if you want to move to another European city, Berlin would be top of the list there," he says.

"You're looking for cities that have predominantly English-speaking, have support and help you when you kind of initially move. And Berlin is totally set up for people to move from all over Europe."

FOR CLEAN VERSION SEE STORY NUMBER: 4043819

LEAD IN:

For years, Berlin and London have competed to be the 'Silicon Valley of Europe', the place where start-ups and tech companies base their operations.

After Britain's historic vote to leave the European Union, many in Berlin now feel the German capital has a clear advantage.

STORY-LINE:

It's called 'Silicon Alley'.

Thousands of start-ups are formed in Berlin each year. As many as one every 20 minutes according to 'Start-up Berlin' - an organisation which tracks new companies in the German capital.

The only other European city that could compete with Berlin for the title of the 'Silicon Valley of Europe' is London.

Following Britain's recent vote to leave the European Union, politicians and business leaders in Berlin are now sensing they have a chance to pull ahead in the race.

When Berlin's economy minister, Cornelia Yzer woke to news of the result of Britain's EU referendum, her initial reaction was disappointment.

But then she reached for her phone and stepped up her efforts to lure companies from Britain to the German capital.

"As regrettable as I find the British decision, it's also clear that this could create chances for Berlin that I, as the minister for economy of this country, should use," she says.

Yzer (pron. EE-ser) isn't the only official on the continent hoping for a Brexit bonanza.

Britain's referendum to leave the 28-nation bloc has already seen a frenzy of bids from cities such as Frankfurt, Paris and Amsterdam to succeed London as Europe's financial capital.

Berlin stands little chance of competing for a piece of the lucrative banking pie.

But Yzer believes multinational companies, from airlines to pharmaceutical firms, will see the advantage of basing their European headquarters in the capital of the EU's biggest economy.

"The decision (to leave the EU), which I regret, was taken by Britain," she says.

"So there can't be any surprise that those who see themselves firmly anchored inside the European Union, and that's the case for Germany and its capital Berlin, now want to make sure that they're a home for businesses that say 'we need to be in.'"

Berlin's image as a relaxed and relatively affordable city may convince some tech companies to relocate to Berlin, which is already home to audio-sharing platform SoundCloud and online retailer Zalando.

6Wunderkinder, makers of the 'Wunderlist' app, was formed and based in Berlin before being sold to Microsoft last year.

Yzer says she's already in contact with several tech companies based in London.

"Of course I'm speaking to companies that have their European headquarters in London about whether they should move their European headquarters to Berlin in the future," she says.

One of the key benefits that Berlin's business ambassadors will likely tout is access to the EU's single market that ensures the free movement of labour and capital.

"The prevailing feeling here in Berlin is that with the Brexit London has more or less taken itself out of the race," says Lukas Kampfmann, co-founder of Factory Berlin, a company that rents space to tech firms.

"And we do believe that over time the advantage of Berlin will grow and more tech start-ups will come to Berlin, will be founded here and will succeed here in comparison to London."

London and Brussels are likely to spend years haggling over trade tariffs and labour permits, creating uncertainty for UK companies wanting to do business on the other side of the channel.

"Once the Brexit has been done it's not going to get easier for London-based companies to do business in the world, but probably harder," says Kampfmann.

But, convincing companies to move to the continent may not be so easy.

Those who know Berlin have questioned whether it can match the cosmopolitan and dynamic atmosphere of London.

The city's new airport is years behind schedule, English isn't universally spoken and bureaucracy can be cumbersome.

"We have a situation that Great Britain will leave Europe. Will that necessarily mean that start-ups will come to Berlin? I don't think so," says Artur Fischer, co-CEO of the Berlin Stock Exchange.

"Because, at the moment a start-up doesn't necessarily need to enjoy all the advantages of the EU. It enjoys a local advantage. And at some stage it might need funding. But the funding process in today's world works through crowd-funding, it works through private equity. And that is available in London, it won't go away so swiftly."

Even if companies don't move straight away, people working in those London companies may move quicker.

Wooga, a games development company based in Berlin, already has 19 British staff members, out of a total of around 300.

Steven Gilmore is the head of human resources at the company and is also British.

He says he expects an increase in applications from London-based coders and designers.

"I personally would think that if you want to move from the UK, if you want to move to another European city, Berlin would be top of the list there," he says.

"You're looking for cities that have predominantly English-speaking, have support and help you when you kind of initially move. And Berlin is totally set up for people to move from all over Europe."

Berlin, Germany - 4 July 2016

1. Wide of people working in 'community space' in start-up hub 'The Factory' in central Berlin

2. Various close shots of people working in community space' in start-up hub 'The Factory' in central Berlin

3. Pan of space

4. Pull focus of people working

5. Various of people working in community space' in start-up hub 'The Factory' in central Berlin

6. Wide of Berlin skyline

7. Setup shot of Cornelia Yzer, Berlin's economy minister, seated at desk in office, opening folder

8. Close of Yzer

9. Close of Yzer writing

10. SOUNDBITE (German) Cornelia Yzer, Berlin State Economy Minister:

"As regrettable as I find the British decision, it's also clear that this could create chances for Berlin that I, as the minister for economy of this country, should use."

11. Wide high shot of Berlin street

12. Long shot of people on street

13. Mid of 'Rosenthaler Platz' sign where many start-ups are based

14. Long shot of people on street

15. SOUNDBITE (German) Cornelia Yzer, Berlin State Economy Minister:

"The decision (to leave the EU), which I regret, was taken by Britain. So there can't be any surprise that those who see themselves firmly anchored inside the European Union, and that's the case for Germany and its capital Berlin, now want to make sure that they're a home for businesses that say 'we need to be in.'"

16. Tilt up with Berlin wall memorial in foreground and 'The Factory' start-up hub in background

17. Wide of Berlin wall memorial in foreground and 'The Factory' start-up hub in background

18. Mid of 'Factory' sign

19. Various of people working in the 'community space' in start-up hub 'The Factory' in central Berlin

20. Close of 'Soundcloud' logo, a Berlin-based company based in the Factory

21. Pull focus of 'Soundcloud' url on computer screen

22. Pull in of smartphone with 'Wunderlist' application, made by 6Wunderkinder, a Berlin start-up that was sold to Microsoft in 2015

23. SOUNDBITE (German) Cornelia Yzer, Berlin State Economy Minister:

"Of course I'm speaking to companies that have their European headquarters in London about whether they should move their European headquarters to Berlin in the future."

24. Wide of start-up hub 'The Factory' exterior

25. Mid of 'Factory' sign

26. Various of Lukas Kampfmann, Co-Founder of Factory Berlin, speaking to colleague

27. SOUNDBITE (English) Lukas Kampfmann, Co-Founder of Factory Berlin:

"I absolutely believe it's an opportunity, not necessarily one that we wanted because we've been competing with London for quite a couple of years. But now the prevailing feeling here in Berlin is that with the Brexit London has more or less taken itself out of the race. And we do believe that over time the advantage of Berlin will grow and more tech start-ups will come to Berlin, will be founded here and will succeed here in comparison to London."

28. Various close shots of window with notes in the Factory office

29. SOUNDBITE (English) Lukas Kampfmann, Co-Founder of Factory Berlin:

"First of all, obviously right now what you have is a lengthy period of uncertainty. And uncertainty is never good for business. Until that is resolved there will be questions about how things will end up. And then obviously most everyone agrees that once the Brexit has been done it's not going to get easier for London-based companies to do business in the world, but probably harder."

30. Wide tilt to office of Wooga, a Berlin-based games company

31. Various of people working in Wooga office

32. Close of sign reading 'Player Experience'

33. Setup shot of Artur Fischer, Co-CEO of the Berlin Stock Exchange, at desk

34. Close of Fischer

35. Close of hands on keyboard

36. SOUNDBITE (English) Artur Fischer, Co-CEO of the Berlin Stock Exchange:

"So now, we have a situation that Great Britain will leave Europe. Will that necessarily mean that start-ups will come to Berlin? I don't think so. Because, at the moment a start-up doesn't necessarily need to enjoy all the advantages of the EU. It enjoys a local advantage. And at some stage it might need funding. But the funding process in today's world works through crowd-funding, it works through private equity. And that is available in London, it won't go away so swiftly."

37. Setup shot of Steven Gilmore, Head of HR at Wooga, speaking to colleague

38. Close of Gilmore

39. Wide of Gilmore and colleague

40. SOUNDBITE (English) Steven Gilmore, Head of HR at Wooga:

"I personally would think that if you want to move from the UK, if you want to move to another European city, Berlin would be top of the list there. You're looking for cities that have predominantly English-speaking, have support and help you when you kind of initially move. And Berlin is totally set up for people to move from all over Europe."

41. Wide of Berlin skyline

LEAD IN:

For years, Berlin and London have competed to be the 'Silicon Valley of Europe', the place where start-ups and tech companies base their operations.

After Britain's historic vote to leave the European Union, many in Berlin now feel the German capital has a clear advantage.

STORY-LINE:

It's called 'Silicon Alley'.

Thousands of start-ups are formed in Berlin each year. As many as one every 20 minutes according to 'Start-up Berlin' - an organisation which tracks new companies in the German capital.

The only other European city that could compete with Berlin for the title of the 'Silicon Valley of Europe' is London.

Following Britain's recent vote to leave the European Union, politicians and business leaders in Berlin are now sensing they have a chance to pull ahead in the race.

When Berlin's economy minister, Cornelia Yzer woke to news of the result of Britain's EU referendum, her initial reaction was disappointment.

But then she reached for her phone and stepped up her efforts to lure companies from Britain to the German capital.

"As regrettable as I find the British decision, it's also clear that this could create chances for Berlin that I, as the minister for economy of this country, should use," she says.

Yzer (pron. EE-ser) isn't the only official on the continent hoping for a Brexit bonanza.

Britain's referendum to leave the 28-nation bloc has already seen a frenzy of bids from cities such as Frankfurt, Paris and Amsterdam to succeed London as Europe's financial capital.

Berlin stands little chance of competing for a piece of the lucrative banking pie.

But Yzer believes multinational companies, from airlines to pharmaceutical firms, will see the advantage of basing their European headquarters in the capital of the EU's biggest economy.

"The decision (to leave the EU), which I regret, was taken by Britain," she says.

"So there can't be any surprise that those who see themselves firmly anchored inside the European Union, and that's the case for Germany and its capital Berlin, now want to make sure that they're a home for businesses that say 'we need to be in.'"

Berlin's image as a relaxed and relatively affordable city may convince some tech companies to relocate to Berlin, which is already home to audio-sharing platform SoundCloud and online retailer Zalando.

6Wunderkinder, makers of the 'Wunderlist' app, was formed and based in Berlin before being sold to Microsoft last year.

Yzer says she's already in contact with several tech companies based in London.

"Of course I'm speaking to companies that have their European headquarters in London about whether they should move their European headquarters to Berlin in the future," she says.

One of the key benefits that Berlin's business ambassadors will likely tout is access to the EU's single market that ensures the free movement of labour and capital.

"The prevailing feeling here in Berlin is that with the Brexit London has more or less taken itself out of the race," says Lukas Kampfmann, co-founder of Factory Berlin, a company that rents space to tech firms.

"And we do believe that over time the advantage of Berlin will grow and more tech start-ups will come to Berlin, will be founded here and will succeed here in comparison to London."

London and Brussels are likely to spend years haggling over trade tariffs and labour permits, creating uncertainty for UK companies wanting to do business on the other side of the channel.

"Once the Brexit has been done it's not going to get easier for London-based companies to do business in the world, but probably harder," says Kampfmann.

But, convincing companies to move to the continent may not be so easy.

Those who know Berlin have questioned whether it can match the cosmopolitan and dynamic atmosphere of London.

The city's new airport is years behind schedule, English isn't universally spoken and bureaucracy can be cumbersome.

"We have a situation that Great Britain will leave Europe. Will that necessarily mean that start-ups will come to Berlin? I don't think so," says Artur Fischer, co-CEO of the Berlin Stock Exchange.

"Because, at the moment a start-up doesn't necessarily need to enjoy all the advantages of the EU. It enjoys a local advantage. And at some stage it might need funding. But the funding process in today's world works through crowd-funding, it works through private equity. And that is available in London, it won't go away so swiftly."

Even if companies don't move straight away, people working in those London companies may move quicker.

Wooga, a games development company based in Berlin, already has 19 British staff members, out of a total of around 300.

Steven Gilmore is the head of human resources at the company and is also British.

He says he expects an increase in applications from London-based coders and designers.

"I personally would think that if you want to move from the UK, if you want to move to another European city, Berlin would be top of the list there," he says.

"You're looking for cities that have predominantly English-speaking, have support and help you when you kind of initially move. And Berlin is totally set up for people to move from all over Europe."

LEAD IN:

For years, Berlin and London have competed to be the 'Silicon Valley of Europe', the place where start-ups and tech companies base their operations.

After Britain's historic vote to leave the European Union, many in Berlin now feel the German capital has a clear advantage.

STORY-LINE:

It's called 'Silicon Alley'.

Thousands of start-ups are formed in Berlin each year. As many as one every 20 minutes according to 'Start-up Berlin' - an organisation which tracks new companies in the German capital.

The only other European city that could compete with Berlin for the title of the 'Silicon Valley of Europe' is London.

Following Britain's recent vote to leave the European Union, politicians and business leaders in Berlin are now sensing they have a chance to pull ahead in the race.

When Berlin's economy minister, Cornelia Yzer woke to news of the result of Britain's EU referendum, her initial reaction was disappointment.

But then she reached for her phone and stepped up her efforts to lure companies from Britain to the German capital.

"As regrettable as I find the British decision, it's also clear that this could create chances for Berlin that I, as the minister for economy of this country, should use," she says.

Yzer (pron. EE-ser) isn't the only official on the continent hoping for a Brexit bonanza.

Britain's referendum to leave the 28-nation bloc has already seen a frenzy of bids from cities such as Frankfurt, Paris and Amsterdam to succeed London as Europe's financial capital.

Berlin stands little chance of competing for a piece of the lucrative banking pie.

But Yzer believes multinational companies, from airlines to pharmaceutical firms, will see the advantage of basing their European headquarters in the capital of the EU's biggest economy.

"The decision (to leave the EU), which I regret, was taken by Britain," she says.

"So there can't be any surprise that those who see themselves firmly anchored inside the European Union, and that's the case for Germany and its capital Berlin, now want to make sure that they're a home for businesses that say 'we need to be in.'"

Berlin's image as a relaxed and relatively affordable city may convince some tech companies to relocate to Berlin, which is already home to audio-sharing platform SoundCloud and online retailer Zalando.

6Wunderkinder, makers of the 'Wunderlist' app, was formed and based in Berlin before being sold to Microsoft last year.

Yzer says she's already in contact with several tech companies based in London.

"Of course I'm speaking to companies that have their European headquarters in London about whether they should move their European headquarters to Berlin in the future," she says.

One of the key benefits that Berlin's business ambassadors will likely tout is access to the EU's single market that ensures the free movement of labour and capital.

"The prevailing feeling here in Berlin is that with the Brexit London has more or less taken itself out of the race," says Lukas Kampfmann, co-founder of Factory Berlin, a company that rents space to tech firms.

"And we do believe that over time the advantage of Berlin will grow and more tech start-ups will come to Berlin, will be founded here and will succeed here in comparison to London."

London and Brussels are likely to spend years haggling over trade tariffs and labour permits, creating uncertainty for UK companies wanting to do business on the other side of the channel.

"Once the Brexit has been done it's not going to get easier for London-based companies to do business in the world, but probably harder," says Kampfmann.

But, convincing companies to move to the continent may not be so easy.

Those who know Berlin have questioned whether it can match the cosmopolitan and dynamic atmosphere of London.

The city's new airport is years behind schedule, English isn't universally spoken and bureaucracy can be cumbersome.

"We have a situation that Great Britain will leave Europe. Will that necessarily mean that start-ups will come to Berlin? I don't think so," says Artur Fischer, co-CEO of the Berlin Stock Exchange.

"Because, at the moment a start-up doesn't necessarily need to enjoy all the advantages of the EU. It enjoys a local advantage. And at some stage it might need funding. But the funding process in today's world works through crowd-funding, it works through private equity. And that is available in London, it won't go away so swiftly."

Even if companies don't move straight away, people working in those London companies may move quicker.

Wooga, a games development company based in Berlin, already has 19 British staff members, out of a total of around 300.

Steven Gilmore is the head of human resources at the company and is also British.

He says he expects an increase in applications from London-based coders and designers.

"I personally would think that if you want to move from the UK, if you want to move to another European city, Berlin would be top of the list there," he says.

"You're looking for cities that have predominantly English-speaking, have support and help you when you kind of initially move. And Berlin is totally set up for people to move from all over Europe."

Berlin, Germany - 4 July 2016

1. Wide of people working in 'community space' in start-up hub 'The Factory' in central Berlin

2. Various close shots of people working in community space' in start-up hub 'The Factory' in central Berlin

3. Pan of space

4. Pull focus of people working

5. Various of people working in community space' in start-up hub 'The Factory' in central Berlin

6. Wide of Berlin skyline

7. Setup shot of Cornelia Yzer, Berlin's economy minister, seated at desk in office, opening folder

8. Close of Yzer

9. Close of Yzer writing

10. SOUNDBITE (German) Cornelia Yzer, Berlin State Economy Minister:

"As regrettable as I find the British decision, it's also clear that this could create chances for Berlin that I, as the minister for economy of this country, should use."

11. Wide high shot of Berlin street

12. Long shot of people on street

13. Mid of 'Rosenthaler Platz' sign where many start-ups are based

14. Long shot of people on street

15. SOUNDBITE (German) Cornelia Yzer, Berlin State Economy Minister:

"The decision (to leave the EU), which I regret, was taken by Britain. So there can't be any surprise that those who see themselves firmly anchored inside the European Union, and that's the case for Germany and its capital Berlin, now want to make sure that they're a home for businesses that say 'we need to be in.'"

16. Tilt up with Berlin wall memorial in foreground and 'The Factory' start-up hub in background

17. Wide of Berlin wall memorial in foreground and 'The Factory' start-up hub in background

18. Mid of 'Factory' sign

19. Various of people working in the 'community space' in start-up hub 'The Factory' in central Berlin

20. Close of 'Soundcloud' logo, a Berlin-based company based in the Factory

21. Pull focus of 'Soundcloud' url on computer screen

22. Pull in of smartphone with 'Wunderlist' application, made by 6Wunderkinder, a Berlin start-up that was sold to Microsoft in 2015

23. SOUNDBITE (German) Cornelia Yzer, Berlin State Economy Minister:

"Of course I'm speaking to companies that have their European headquarters in London about whether they should move their European headquarters to Berlin in the future."

24. Wide of start-up hub 'The Factory' exterior

25. Mid of 'Factory' sign

26. Various of Lukas Kampfmann, Co-Founder of Factory Berlin, speaking to colleague

27. SOUNDBITE (English) Lukas Kampfmann, Co-Founder of Factory Berlin:

"I absolutely believe it's an opportunity, not necessarily one that we wanted because we've been competing with London for quite a couple of years. But now the prevailing feeling here in Berlin is that with the Brexit London has more or less taken itself out of the race. And we do believe that over time the advantage of Berlin will grow and more tech start-ups will come to Berlin, will be founded here and will succeed here in comparison to London."

28. Various close shots of window with notes in the Factory office

29. SOUNDBITE (English) Lukas Kampfmann, Co-Founder of Factory Berlin:

"First of all, obviously right now what you have is a lengthy period of uncertainty. And uncertainty is never good for business. Until that is resolved there will be questions about how things will end up. And then obviously most everyone agrees that once the Brexit has been done it's not going to get easier for London-based companies to do business in the world, but probably harder."

30. Wide tilt to office of Wooga, a Berlin-based games company

31. Various of people working in Wooga office

32. Close of sign reading 'Player Experience'

33. Setup shot of Artur Fischer, Co-CEO of the Berlin Stock Exchange, at desk

34. Close of Fischer

35. Close of hands on keyboard

36. SOUNDBITE (English) Artur Fischer, Co-CEO of the Berlin Stock Exchange:

"So now, we have a situation that Great Britain will leave Europe. Will that necessarily mean that start-ups will come to Berlin? I don't think so. Because, at the moment a start-up doesn't necessarily need to enjoy all the advantages of the EU. It enjoys a local advantage. And at some stage it might need funding. But the funding process in today's world works through crowd-funding, it works through private equity. And that is available in London, it won't go away so swiftly."

37. Setup shot of Steven Gilmore, Head of HR at Wooga, speaking to colleague

38. Close of Gilmore

39. Wide of Gilmore and colleague

40. SOUNDBITE (English) Steven Gilmore, Head of HR at Wooga:

"I personally would think that if you want to move from the UK, if you want to move to another European city, Berlin would be top of the list there. You're looking for cities that have predominantly English-speaking, have support and help you when you kind of initially move. And Berlin is totally set up for people to move from all over Europe."

41. Wide of Berlin skyline

Opposing groups of campaigners gathered outside the UK Supreme Court in London on Monday as judges started hearing the government's appeal against a ruling that Parliament must hold a vote before Britain's European Union exit negotiations can begin.

Prime Minister Theresa May plans to trigger two years of divorce talks before the end of March by invoking Article 50 of the EU's key treaty, using centuries-old government powers known as royal prerogative.

Those powers - traditionally held by the monarch but now used by politicians - allow the government to join or leave international treaties without consulting lawmakers.

Financial entrepreneur Gina Miller and hairdresser Deir Dos Santos went to court to argue that leaving the EU will remove some of their rights, including free movement within the 28-nation bloc, and that shouldn't be done without Parliament's approval.

Last month, three High Court judges agreed - but the government says they have misinterpreted the law.

The case has raised a constitutional quandary and inflamed the country's heated debate about Brexit.

November's ruling infuriated pro-Brexit campaigners, who saw the lawsuit as an attempt to block or delay Britain's EU exit.

Miller says she has received abuse and death threats.

She arrived at court Monday with her lawyers, greeted by cheers from pro-EU campaigners dressed as judges atop an open-topped double-decker bus.

A banner on the side read "In democracy, Leave hypocrisy."

"Nigel, where are you?" they sang mockingly, in reference to former UK Independence Party leader Nigel Farage, a prominent voice in the leave campaign.

He had promised to lead a march on the Supreme Court to demand judges respect the will of the majority.

It was cancelled last week after organisers said there was a risk it could be hijacked by far-right extremists.

Two anti-EU protesters held placards, one calling the case an "establishment stitch-up."

Many legal experts say the government will likely lose its appeal and be forced to give Parliament a vote.

London - 5 December 2016

1. Exterior of UK Supreme Court

2. Close up of European Union flag

3. Police entering Supreme Court

4. Wide of pro-Remain protesters from Britain for Europe singing as they arrive in open-topped London bus UPSOUND (English) "Nigel, where are you?"

5. Various of protesters outside court building, holding EU and UK flags

6. SOUNDBITE (English) David Gullant, Protester from Surrey branch of Britain for Europe:

"I am a British citizen, but I want to make sure that the UK due process is followed. So this is not about Brexit pros and cons, it's about making sure that if you have an Act of Parliament, only Parliament can change that Act of Parliament. It is not up to the prime minister to overturn it, it has got to go through due process."

7. Pro-Brexit protester Julia Waller

8. SOUNDBITE (English) Julia Waller, pro Brexit protester

"Well, I hope that the government, I hope Theresa May's hand, is strengthened. We've got to give her some credit - she can't expose her hand to Europe. Europe doesn't have our best interests at heart anyway, and I think we want to be free, and when people voted they didn't just vote for a soft Brexit or a grey Brexit, those words didn't exist then. We just voted for Brexit. We want to get out - end of (discussion)."

9. Pan from pro-Europe protesters to Supreme Court

The European Parliament's Brexit negotiator, Guy Verhofstadt on Monday said Donald Trump was one of the three biggest threats to the EU, alongside Russian aggression and Islamist extremists.

His comments came in a speech at London's Chatham House think tank.

Verhofstadt also said European politicians were considering how to allow British citizens to maintain their links to the continent after Brexit.

UK POOL

London - 30 January 2017

1. European Union Parliament's chief Brexit negotiator, Guy Verhofstadt approaching podium

2. SOUNDBITE (English) Guy Verhofstadt, EU Parliament's chief Brexit negotiator:

"And I have to tell you, I (have just) come back from the US and my impression is that we have a third front, for the moment, undermining the European Union and it is Donald Trump. We have joined them across the Atlantic, as you know and you'll have seen yourself, Trump spoke very favourably of the fact that also other countries will want to break away from the European Union and that he hoped for a disintegration of the European Union."

++BLACK++

3. SOUNDBITE (English) Guy Verhofstadt, EU Parliament's chief Brexit negotiator:

"There is not one family living on the continent and certainly also not in Britain who has no grandfather, grandmother, member of the family, who was not a victim of these stupidities, and of these atrocities at the end of the 19th and the whole 20th century. So putting your political thinking, and the future organisation of Europe on nationalist ideas is the most stupid thing you can do. It's playing with fire knowing what it has created in the past."

4. Verhofstadt returns to seat after speech to answer questions

++BLACK++

5. SOUNDBITE (English) Guy Verhofstadt, EU Parliament's chief Brexit negotiator:

"We need also to be open and generous to the individual UK citizens. I can tell you I receive every day tens of letters, until now I don't know how many - I didn't summarise them. Every day I receive tens of millions of citizens who are saying 'don't leave us alone. We feel still European citizens, and we want to continue to have our link with Europe because we make part of the same civilisation'. That is what we don't understand in Europe, that is we have a common heritage - a common civilisation, history, architectural, cultural, literature, you name it."

++BLACK++

6. SOUNDBITE (English) Guy Verhofstadt, EU Parliament's chief Brexit negotiator:

"We are scrutinising, thinking, debating how we could achieve that (continued European link)... That individual UK citizens would think their links with Europe are not broken forever, as he doesn't want to."

++BLACK++

7. SOUNDBITE (English) Guy Verhofstadt, EU Parliament's chief Brexit negotiator:

"The timetable is as follows - if we start by the end of May, the beginning of June the negotiations, take then 14 or 15 months, and then has to start the so-called consent procedure in the parliament. Because we need to be ready before the European elections of 2019. So that means that the real time frame - period for negotiation - is around 15 months. And we need to start on the consent procedure in a quite sensitive moment. It is a few months before the European elections, you know how politicians are sensitive, I should say, in a period just before elections. So it will be absolutely key that parliament is taken on board from day one of these negotiations, otherwise it will be very difficult to have a green light at the end of the consent procedure. So that is our role in this, all agreements need to be approved by parliament, if not then there is simply no agreement and there is an exit from Britain outside the European Union without any arrangement."

++ENDS ON SOUNDBITE++

FOR CLEAN VERSION SEE STORY NUMBER: 4063805

LEAD IN:

The art and antique market in post-Brexit Britain is booming, according to London dealers.

A weak pound against the dollar and Euro is seeing American collectors in particular start to snap up bargains.

STORY-LINE: