As UK's Prime Minister Theresa May wants to start Britain's divorce from the European Union (EU), eleven judges may stand in her way.

On Monday, May's government will ask the justices of the Supreme Court to overturn a ruling that Parliament must hold a vote before Britain's exit negotiations can begin, a case that has raised a constitutional quandary and inflamed the country's heated debate about Brexit.

May plans to trigger two years of divorce talks before the end of March 2017 by invoking Article 50 of the EU's key treaty, using centuries-old government powers known as royal prerogative.

The powers - traditionally held by the monarch but now used by politicians - enable decisions about joining or leaving international treaties to be made without a vote of Parliament.

A hairdresser and a financial entrepreneur, Deir Dos Santos and Gina Miller, went to court to argue that leaving the EU will remove some of their rights, including free movement within the bloc, and that shouldn't be done without Parliament's approval.

Last month, three High Court judges agreed, but the government says they have misinterpreted the law.

Government lawyers led by Attorney General Jeremy Wright will argue this week that the British people have spoken by voting in a June 23 referendum to leave the EU.

In written arguments published before Monday's hearing, government lawyers say the use of royal prerogative to start the talks is "constitutionally appropriate and lawful."

Many legal experts say the government will likely lose its appeal and be forced to give Parliament a vote, but the government was left with little choice than to proceed with the case anyway.

"It's politically problematic, I think, to be seen to not pursue all legal avenues to obstruct this attempt to, in the eyes of some critics, derail the Brexit process," says Jeff King, Professor of Law, University College London.

In a reflection of the constitutional importance of the case - which hinges on the balance of power between Parliament and the executive - all 11 Supreme Court judges will hear the appeal, the first time the full court has sat since it was founded in 2009.

The case is scheduled to last four days, with a ruling likely in January.

Complicating the picture are new participants including the Scottish government, which argues the Edinburgh-based Scottish Parliament should get a vote, too.

Britons voted by 52 to 48 percent on June 23 to leave the EU, but voters in Scotland strongly backed staying in, and the Scottish government says they should not be dragged out of the EU against their will.

London - 1 December 2016

1. Exterior of UK Supreme Court building, traffic on street

2. Close of symbol reading (English): "The Supreme Court"

3. Various exteriors of Supreme Court building

4. Various of Jeff King, Professor of Law, University College London, looking at book

5. SOUNDBITE (English) Jeff King, Professor of Law, University College London:

"Well, I think that there are two reasons probably (why the government appealed the High Court ruling that Parliament must hold a vote before negotiations of Britain's exit from the European Union can begin). The first is that it was very confident that it would win at the beginning, and I think it's reluctant to move from that position of confidence. And secondly, it's politically problematic, I think, to be seen to not pursue all legal avenues to obstruct this attempt to, in the eyes of some critics, derail the Brexit process."

6. Cutaway of King

7. SOUNDBITE (English) Jeff King, Professor of Law, University College London:

"The reaction in some of the media (to the government's loss in the High Court), in particular in the Daily Mail and the Daily Express was, I would say, outrageous. It has been common to criticise judges in the past and I think criticism of judges is perfectly acceptable - they are public officials after all, but this type of language, 'Enemies of the people' (Daily Mail headline the day after the ruling) reminded me of the kinds of things we saw in Nazi Germany."

8. Cutaway of King

9. SOUNDBITE (English) Jeff King, Professor of Law, University College London:

"This is quintessentially a role for judges to play. It's an unclear legal position. The devolved governments don't agree, many members of parliament don't agree. There needs to be an authoritative ruling on what the role of these statutes is in the Brexit process, and that can only be given by a court."

10. Cutaway of King

11. SOUNDBITE (English) Jeff King, Professor of Law, University College London:

"I think that a government loss at the Supreme Court would not derail the Brexit process, but I also think it would be more than a mere speed bump because having to bring forward legislation to give notice would mean that there would be a participation of a much broader range of voices, both in Parliament and in the devolved legislatures and among the devolved governments. And when these voices are heard there is a political obligation of sorts to respond to these voices, to take them into account, to not proceed in a way that ignores them altogether, and I think that will make a difference to the outcome of the Brexit process, but I don't think it will stop it."

12. Cutaway of King

13. Pan of books

14. Various exteriors of Houses of Parliament

FOR CLEAN VERSION SEE STORY NUMBER: 4045006

LEAD IN:

Scientists controlling EU projects worth millions of dollars say the British exit from Europe risks the future of medical research, and may endanger future treatments for cancer and children.

Research projects at Kings and University Colleges in London rely on the collaboration of hundreds of doctors and multidisciplinary scientists across Europe - which could come under threat because of Brexit.

STORY-LINE:

Precision medicine is changing the future for cancer patients.

This lab at University College London has devised a safer and simpler alternative to standard radioactive techniques of imaging tumours.

Professor Xavier Golay's team has discovered a way to make a tumour light up with a simple sugar solution.

Because the solution is not radioactive is doesn't carry the same side effects which make patients sick.

It means radiodlogists can see tumours in more detail and check them more frequently.

That in turn allows doctors to personalise drug treatments for the patient.

They can respond more quickly, seeing what works and what doesn't and that speed could save more lives.

The team here is about to begin a trial on the new imaging technique thanks to a six and a half million Euro grant from the European Union.

The whole university has 103-million Euros to fund medical and science projects over the next few years.

All currently funded projects will be allowed to complete - but it's what happens next that's vexing doctors and scientist who argue breakthroughs don't come to order at the end of one trial.

Golay says for the vast majority of scientists in Britain the result of the recent EU referendum - for the UK to exit - was a shock.

Golay says it's not just the money which will risk future projects like this.

His team - like most university and hospital research groups - comes from all over the European Union.

Collaboration on this imaging project is with other specialist scientists at the Max Planck Institute in Germany as well as other units including France and Italy.

He's already concerned about the future.

"I've heard of at least two, three very senior people who've said okay right, now I'm taking all my grant with me and I'm going back to Germany, Switzerland, France because actually, in that way, they know they'll still have access and it's not only access to funding because the funding is great in this country, it is really good. It's really (about) access to funding and this opportunity to collaborate."

At preschool age Rens Van Velzen's parents realised he was struggling with dyslexia, but when he went to school it became clear he was autistic.

Van Velzen, now a highly intelligent fifteen year old, is part of Europe's largest study into mental health disorder.

Here researchers like Hannah Haywood combine genetics, neuroimaging, cognitive testing and clinical assessments to try to discover what are the causes.

The research project called EU Aims is carried out here at Kings College London in collaboration with scientists in other centres of Europe.

Costing 32 million Euros it's also the biggest grant given to any one project.

Autism Spectrum Disorder is a developmental problem which affects the way people interact with the world around them.

People are affected differently and scientists want to understand why those differences occur.

Haywood says: "One can go on to a life where they never speak, they are highly affected and quite disabled. Another person can go on (to be) fully verbal and become a professor at Cambridge (University) and someone else can go on and live a full life with marriage and children, why does that happen? Why does it affect people so differently when it's effectively the same condition. So we're trying to answer those questions, we're trying to understand why it affects different people in different ways and I think the thing that really attracted me to the project is because, we're trying to highlight the great skills and strengths in this group as well as the things that people find difficult."

The goal is to identify biomarkers and develop drug treatments.

It's a long term study, but how long can it continue here and what happens to the research after the current funding ends in 2020?

Rens Van Velzen is already preparing for A-levels in maths, chemistry and physics.

But his autism means life outside the classroom is not always straightforward.

He explains: "Quite often when talking peer to peer, the other person can get frustrated with how I respond because they're (I'm) not responding the way that they're expecting me to respond as the people usually do. So quite often I don't pick up someone's annoyed, or that sort of thing. It's very hard to explain because I haven't had the experience of not having autism."

Haywood, like others on the team, is convinced the project must be protected and fears Britain leaving the EU will end large scale endeavours like this which progress more steadily because of the wide collaboration among doctors and scientists.

She says: "Quite often there can be a lot of negativity around being diagnosed and living with the condition and in my work, I've worked with autism for twelve years, I have met some of the most skilled and highly intelligent people."

Van Velzen has been part of the study since it started.

Now he's hoping for a career in astrophysics.

"I think I'll work on either discovering more about our universe and our place in it, or working on ways to get to other parts of the universe," says Van Velzen.

After completing puzzles in record time he goes on for tests in the eye tracking unit.

Studies have used eye-tracing technology to see how long autistic children spend looking at the social and non-social features in a series of images on pictures and videos like these.

Ren's mother Jose Van Velzen is a cognitive neuroscientist herself although she does not work on this project.

While she is confident about her son's academic success she worries about how he will cope with work and whether he will find happiness in personal relationships.

She says: "It is sometimes challenging for Rens to keep track of what the person he's talking to is feeling and how he's being perceived. He's very much driven by telling things as they are, or how he sees them and of course in normal interaction, in normal relationships you constantly monitor what the other person is thinking. That's definitely very challenging for him and he is aware that this is one of his weaknesses he needs to work on he cannot always deal with it at that particular time and I think that is something in general that will make relationships and work environments quite a challenging place for him."

According to scientists here this project is the first of it kind in the world developing the infrastructure which will underpin new treatments for autism.

There are hundreds of scientists involved in British research projects which are funded by the EU.

The lead scientist on the autism project at Kings is Professor Declan Murphy - and he too is concerned about what Brexit will mean.

He says:"It's virtually impossible for one country alone to recruit the amount of patients that you really need for a large scale, modern day trial, or study that's going to lead to reliable results. We increasingly recognise that big questions need big populations to come up with the right answers and we simply cannot deliver the amount of patients for the amount of science from one centre from one country. For Example my work needs approximately a thousand individuals who are affected by autism. You couldn't recruit that from one centre, or from one country within a time frame that is meaningful, but we can do that by going to mulitple centres across Europe, working together and learning from eachother."

The EU's Horizon 2020 budget is 80-billion Euro which funds medicine and science research across Europe.

Britain's split from the EU will leave a funding gap as well as a brain drain according to Murphy and he argues it will be the children with autism who will lose out.

FOR CLEAN VERSION SEE STORY NUMBER: 4045006

LEAD IN:

Scientists controlling EU projects worth millions of dollars say the British exit from Europe risks the future of medical research, and may endanger future treatments for cancer and children.

Research projects at Kings and University Colleges in London rely on the collaboration of hundreds of doctors and multidisciplinary scientists across Europe - which could come under threat because of Brexit.

STORY-LINE:

Precision medicine is changing the future for cancer patients.

This lab at University College London has devised a safer and simpler alternative to standard radioactive techniques of imaging tumours.

Professor Xavier Golay's team has discovered a way to make a tumour light up with a simple sugar solution.

Because the solution is not radioactive is doesn't carry the same side effects which make patients sick.

It means radiodlogists can see tumours in more detail and check them more frequently.

That in turn allows doctors to personalise drug treatments for the patient.

They can respond more quickly, seeing what works and what doesn't and that speed could save more lives.

The team here is about to begin a trial on the new imaging technique thanks to a six and a half million Euro grant from the European Union.

The whole university has 103-million Euros to fund medical and science projects over the next few years.

All currently funded projects will be allowed to complete - but it's what happens next that's vexing doctors and scientist who argue breakthroughs don't come to order at the end of one trial.

Golay says for the vast majority of scientists in Britain the result of the recent EU referendum - for the UK to exit - was a shock.

Golay says it's not just the money which will risk future projects like this.

His team - like most university and hospital research groups - comes from all over the European Union.

Collaboration on this imaging project is with other specialist scientists at the Max Planck Institute in Germany as well as other units including France and Italy.

He's already concerned about the future.

"I've heard of at least two, three very senior people who've said okay right, now I'm taking all my grant with me and I'm going back to Germany, Switzerland, France because actually, in that way, they know they'll still have access and it's not only access to funding because the funding is great in this country, it is really good. It's really (about) access to funding and this opportunity to collaborate."

At preschool age Rens Van Velzen's parents realised he was struggling with dyslexia, but when he went to school it became clear he was autistic.

Van Velzen, now a highly intelligent fifteen year old, is part of Europe's largest study into mental health disorder.

Here researchers like Hannah Haywood combine genetics, neuroimaging, cognitive testing and clinical assessments to try to discover what are the causes.

The research project called EU Aims is carried out here at Kings College London in collaboration with scientists in other centres of Europe.

Costing 32 million Euros it's also the biggest grant given to any one project.

Autism Spectrum Disorder is a developmental problem which affects the way people interact with the world around them.

People are affected differently and scientists want to understand why those differences occur.

Haywood says: "One can go on to a life where they never speak, they are highly affected and quite disabled. Another person can go on (to be) fully verbal and become a professor at Cambridge (University) and someone else can go on and live a full life with marriage and children, why does that happen? Why does it affect people so differently when it's effectively the same condition. So we're trying to answer those questions, we're trying to understand why it affects different people in different ways and I think the thing that really attracted me to the project is because, we're trying to highlight the great skills and strengths in this group as well as the things that people find difficult."

The goal is to identify biomarkers and develop drug treatments.

It's a long term study, but how long can it continue here and what happens to the research after the current funding ends in 2020?

Rens Van Velzen is already preparing for A-levels in maths, chemistry and physics.

But his autism means life outside the classroom is not always straightforward.

He explains: "Quite often when talking peer to peer, the other person can get frustrated with how I respond because they're (I'm) not responding the way that they're expecting me to respond as the people usually do. So quite often I don't pick up someone's annoyed, or that sort of thing. It's very hard to explain because I haven't had the experience of not having autism."

Haywood, like others on the team, is convinced the project must be protected and fears Britain leaving the EU will end large scale endeavours like this which progress more steadily because of the wide collaboration among doctors and scientists.

She says: "Quite often there can be a lot of negativity around being diagnosed and living with the condition and in my work, I've worked with autism for twelve years, I have met some of the most skilled and highly intelligent people."

Van Velzen has been part of the study since it started.

Now he's hoping for a career in astrophysics.

"I think I'll work on either discovering more about our universe and our place in it, or working on ways to get to other parts of the universe," says Van Velzen.

After completing puzzles in record time he goes on for tests in the eye tracking unit.

Studies have used eye-tracing technology to see how long autistic children spend looking at the social and non-social features in a series of images on pictures and videos like these.

Ren's mother Jose Van Velzen is a cognitive neuroscientist herself although she does not work on this project.

While she is confident about her son's academic success she worries about how he will cope with work and whether he will find happiness in personal relationships.

She says: "It is sometimes challenging for Rens to keep track of what the person he's talking to is feeling and how he's being perceived. He's very much driven by telling things as they are, or how he sees them and of course in normal interaction, in normal relationships you constantly monitor what the other person is thinking. That's definitely very challenging for him and he is aware that this is one of his weaknesses he needs to work on he cannot always deal with it at that particular time and I think that is something in general that will make relationships and work environments quite a challenging place for him."

According to scientists here this project is the first of it kind in the world developing the infrastructure which will underpin new treatments for autism.

There are hundreds of scientists involved in British research projects which are funded by the EU.

The lead scientist on the autism project at Kings is Professor Declan Murphy - and he too is concerned about what Brexit will mean.

He says:"It's virtually impossible for one country alone to recruit the amount of patients that you really need for a large scale, modern day trial, or study that's going to lead to reliable results. We increasingly recognise that big questions need big populations to come up with the right answers and we simply cannot deliver the amount of patients for the amount of science from one centre from one country. For Example my work needs approximately a thousand individuals who are affected by autism. You couldn't recruit that from one centre, or from one country within a time frame that is meaningful, but we can do that by going to mulitple centres across Europe, working together and learning from eachother."

The EU's Horizon 2020 budget is 80-billion Euro which funds medicine and science research across Europe.

Britain's split from the EU will leave a funding gap as well as a brain drain according to Murphy and he argues it will be the children with autism who will lose out.

London, UK - 7 July 2016

1. Various CT scans showing liver cancer pre and post therapy to illustrate the relationship between tumours and glucose

2. Mid of Professor Xavier Golay looking at scans in his MRI lab at the UCL Institute of Neurology

3. Various of Golay and researcher looking at scans

4. Close of tumour in rat highlighted by non radioactive glucose

5. SOUNDBITE: (English) Xavier Golay, professor of neurophysics, UCL Institute of Neurology

"I've heard of at least two, three very senior people who've said okay right, now I'm taking all my grant with me and I'm going back to Germany, Switzerland, France because actually, in that way, they know they'll still have access and it's not only access to funding because the funding is great in this country, it is really good. It's really (about) access to funding and this opportunity to collaborate."

6. Close of autistic teenager Rens Van Velzen answering questions testing his cognitive and executive function at Kings College London

7. Close of psychologist Hannah Hayward asking questions

8. Mid of Velzen ticking off words he understands

9. Various of Velzen watching next task being set up

10. Mid of Velzen touching laptop screen to pick out the emotion displayed on the photo on the monitor

11. Close of Velzen touching the word "Cautious"

12. Close of touch screen

13. Mid of Velzen watching screen observed by Hayward

14. Close of Velzen

15. SOUNDBITE: (English) Hannah Hayward psychologist, EU Aims (autism research project) Kings College London

"One can go on to a life where they never speak, they are highly affected and quite disabled. Another person can go on (to be) fully verbal and become a professor at Cambridge (University) and someone else can go on and live a full life with marriage and children, why does that happen? Why does it affect people so differently when it's effectively the same condition? So we're trying to answer those questions, we're trying to understand why it affects different people in different ways and I think the thing that really attracted me to the project is because, we're trying to highlight the great skills and strengths in this group as well as the things that people find difficult."

16. Close of Hayward starting stopwatch

17. Close of cube pattern Velzen has to recreate

18. Close tilt down of Hayward observing

19. Close of Velzen

20. Close pan from pattern and blocks being constructed by Velzen

21. Mid of Velzen completing puzzle watched by Hayward

22. SOUNDBITE: (English) Rens Van Velzen, teenager in Kings College autisim research group

"Quite often when talking peer to peer, the other person can get frustrated with how I respond because they're (I'm) not responding the way that they're expecting me to respond as the people usually do. So quite often I don't pick up someone's annoyed, or that sort of thing. It's very hard to explain because I haven't had the experience of not having autism."

23. Various of Van Velzen completing other puzzles with black and yellow blocks

24. SOUNDBITE: (English) Hannah Hayward psychologist, EU Aims (autism research project) Kings College London

"Quite often there can be a lot of negativity around being diagnosed and living with the condition and in my work, I've worked with autism for twelve years, I have met some of the most skilled and highly intelligent people."

25. Various of Hayward attaching EEG wires to Van Velzen before eye tracking tests

26. SOUNDBITE: (English) Rens Van Velzen, teenager in Kings College autisim research group

"I think I'll work on either discovering more about our universe and our place in it, or working on ways to get to other parts of the universe."

27. Mid of monitor displaying photographs of facial expressions with options to pick the right description

28. Close of Van Velsen tapping keyboard

29. Mid of test continuing on monitor

30. SOUNDBITE: (English) Jose Van Velzen, Rens' mother (who is also a cognitive neuroscientist)

"It is sometimes challenging for Rens to keep track of what the person he's talking to is feeling and how he's being perceived. He's very much driven by telling things as they are, or how he sees them and of course in normal interaction, in normal relationships, you constantly monitor what the other person is thinking. That's definitely very challenging for him, and he is aware that this is one of his weaknesses he needs to work on he cannot always deal with it at that particular time and I think that is something in general that will make relationships and work environments quite a challenging place for him."

31. Mid rear view of Rens Van Velzen being shown photos in the eye tracking suite

32. Various of monitor

33. Various of Hayward carrying out tracking test

34. Hayward's monitor showing Rens Van Velzen responding to photographs

35. Mid rear view of Van Velzen watching animated patterns appear on screen

36. Various of Professor Declan Murphy lead scientist on the EU Aims study on autism

37. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Declan Murphy lead scientist, EU Aims study on autism, Kings College London

"It's virtually impossible for one country alone to recruit the amount of patients that you really need for a large scale, modern day trial, or study that's going to lead to reliable results. We increasingly recognise that big questions need big populations to come up with the right answers, and we simply cannot deliver the amount of patients for the amount of science from one centre from one country. For example, my work needs approximately a thousand individuals who are affected by autism. You couldn't recruit that from one centre, or from one country within a time frame that is meaningful, but we can do that by going to mulitple centres across Europe, working together and learning from eachother."

38. Mid rear view of Rens Van Velzen responding to picture during eyetracking test

39. Close of EEG reading on monitor

UK MEDICAL BREXIT

SOURCE: AP HORIZONS, LIFESTYLE, HEALTH AND TECHNOLOGY

RESTRICTIONS: HORIZONS CLIENTS AND AP LIFESTYLE, HEALTH AND TECHNOLOGY CLIENTS ONLY

LENGTH: 6.33

SHOTLIST:

London, UK - 7 July 2016

1. Various CT scans showing liver cancer pre and post therapy to illustrate the relationship between tumours and glucose

2. Mid of Professor Xavier Golay looking at scans in his MRI lab at the UCL Institute of Neurology

3. Various of Golay and researcher looking at scans

4. Close of tumour in rat highlighted by non radioactive glucose

5. SOUNDBITE: (English) Xavier Golay, professor of neurophysics, UCL Institute of Neurology

"I've heard of at least two, three very senior people who've said okay right, now I'm taking all my grant with me and I'm going back to Germany, Switzerland, France because actually, in that way, they know they'll still have access and it's not only access to funding because the funding is great in this country, it is really good. It's really (about) access to funding and this opportunity to collaborate."

6. Close of autistic teenager Rens Van Velzen answering questions testing his cognitive and executive function at Kings College London

7. Close of psychologist Hannah Hayward asking questions

8. Mid of Velzen ticking off words he understands

9. Various of Velzen watching next task being set up

10. Mid of Velzen touching laptop screen to pick out the emotion displayed on the photo on the monitor

11. Close of Velzen touching the word "Cautious"

12. Close of touch screen

13. Mid of Velzen watching screen observed by Hayward

14. Close of Velzen

15. SOUNDBITE: (English) Hannah Hayward psychologist, EU Aims (autism research project) Kings College London

"One can go on to a life where they never speak, they are highly affected and quite disabled. Another person can go on (to be) fully verbal and become a professor at Cambridge (University) and someone else can go on and live a full life with marriage and children, why does that happen? Why does it affect people so differently when it's effectively the same condition? So we're trying to answer those questions, we're trying to understand why it affects different people in different ways and I think the thing that really attracted me to the project is because, we're trying to highlight the great skills and strengths in this group as well as the things that people find difficult."

16. Close of Hayward starting stopwatch

17. Close of cube pattern Velzen has to recreate

18. Close tilt down of Hayward observing

19. Close of Velzen

20. Close pan from pattern and blocks being constructed by Velzen

21. Mid of Velzen completing puzzle watched by Hayward

22. SOUNDBITE: (English) Rens Van Velzen, teenager in Kings College autisim research group

"Quite often when talking peer to peer, the other person can get frustrated with how I respond because they're (I'm) not responding the way that they're expecting me to respond as the people usually do. So quite often I don't pick up someone's annoyed, or that sort of thing. It's very hard to explain because I haven't had the experience of not having autism."

23. Various of Van Velzen completing other puzzles with black and yellow blocks

24. SOUNDBITE: (English) Hannah Hayward psychologist, EU Aims (autism research project) Kings College London

"Quite often there can be a lot of negativity around being diagnosed and living with the condition and in my work, I've worked with autism for twelve years, I have met some of the most skilled and highly intelligent people."

25. Various of Hayward attaching EEG wires to Van Velzen before eye tracking tests

26. SOUNDBITE: (English) Rens Van Velzen, teenager in Kings College autisim research group

"I think I'll work on either discovering more about our universe and our place in it, or working on ways to get to other parts of the universe."

27. Mid of monitor displaying photographs of facial expressions with options to pick the right description

28. Close of Van Velsen tapping keyboard

29. Mid of test continuing on monitor

30. SOUNDBITE: (English) Jose Van Velzen, Rens' mother (who is also a cognitive neuroscientist)

"It is sometimes challenging for Rens to keep track of what the person he's talking to is feeling and how he's being perceived. He's very much driven by telling things as they are, or how he sees them and of course in normal interaction, in normal relationships, you constantly monitor what the other person is thinking. That's definitely very challenging for him, and he is aware that this is one of his weaknesses he needs to work on he cannot always deal with it at that particular time and I think that is something in general that will make relationships and work environments quite a challenging place for him."

31. Mid rear view of Rens Van Velzen being shown photos in the eye tracking suite

32. Various of monitor

33. Various of Hayward carrying out tracking test

34. Hayward's monitor showing Rens Van Velzen responding to photographs

35. Mid rear view of Van Velzen watching animated patterns appear on screen

36. Various of Professor Declan Murphy lead scientist on the EU Aims study on autism

37. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Declan Murphy lead scientist, EU Aims study on autism, Kings College London

"It's virtually impossible for one country alone to recruit the amount of patients that you really need for a large scale, modern day trial, or study that's going to lead to reliable results. We increasingly recognise that big questions need big populations to come up with the right answers, and we simply cannot deliver the amount of patients for the amount of science from one centre from one country. For example, my work needs approximately a thousand individuals who are affected by autism. You couldn't recruit that from one centre, or from one country within a time frame that is meaningful, but we can do that by going to mulitple centres across Europe, working together and learning from eachother."

38. Mid rear view of Rens Van Velzen responding to picture during eyetracking test

39. Close of EEG reading on monitor

LEADIN:

Scientists controlling EU projects worth millions of dollars say the British exit from Europe risks the future of medical research, and may endanger future treatments for cancer and children.

Research projects at Kings and University Colleges in London rely on the collaboration of hundreds of doctors and multidisciplinary scientists across Europe - which could come under threat because of Brexit.

STORYLINE:

Precision medicine is changing the future for cancer patients.

This lab at University College London has devised a safer and simpler alternative to standard radioactive techniques of imaging tumours.

Professor Xavier Golay's team has discovered a way to make a tumour light up with a simple sugar solution.

Because the solution is not radioactive is doesn't carry the same side effects which make patients sick.

It means radiodlogists can see tumours in more detail and check them more frequently.

That in turn allows doctors to personalise drug treatments for the patient.

They can respond more quickly, seeing what works and what doesn't and that speed could save more lives.

The team here is about to begin a trial on the new imaging technique thanks to a six and a half million Euro grant from the European Union.

The whole university has 103-million Euros to fund medical and science projects over the next few years.

All currently funded projects will be allowed to complete - but it's what happens next that's vexing doctors and scientist who argue breakthroughs don't come to order at the end of one trial.

Golay says for the vast majority of scientists in Britain the result of the recent EU referendum - for the UK to exit - was a shock.

Golay says it's not just the money which will risk future projects like this.

His team - like most university and hospital research groups - comes from all over the European Union.

Collaboration on this imaging project is with other specialist scientists at the Max Planck Institute in Germany as well as other units including France and Italy.

He's already concerned about the future.

"I've heard of at least two, three very senior people who've said okay right, now I'm taking all my grant with me and I'm going back to Germany, Switzerland, France because actually, in that way, they know they'll still have access and it's not only access to funding because the funding is great in this country, it is really good. It's really (about) access to funding and this opportunity to collaborate."

At preschool age Rens Van Velzen's parents realised he was struggling with dyslexia, but when he went to school it became clear he was autistic.

Van Velzen, now a highly intelligent fifteen year old, is part of Europe's largest study into mental health disorder.

Here researchers like Hannah Haywood combine genetics, neuroimaging, cognitive testing and clinical assessments to try to discover what are the causes.

The research project called EU Aims is carried out here at Kings College London in collaboration with scientists in other centres of Europe.

Costing 32 million Euros it's also the biggest grant given to any one project.

Autism Spectrum Disorder is a developmental problem which affects the way people interact with the world around them.

People are affected differently and scientists want to understand why those differences occur.

Haywood says: "One can go on to a life where they never speak, they are highly affected and quite disabled. Another person can go on (to be) fully verbal and become a professor at Cambridge (University) and someone else can go on and live a full life with marriage and children, why does that happen? Why does it affect people so differently when it's effectively the same condition. So we're trying to answer those questions, we're trying to understand why it affects different people in different ways and I think the thing that really attracted me to the project is because, we're trying to highlight the great skills and strengths in this group as well as the things that people find difficult."

The goal is to identify biomarkers and develop drug treatments.

It's a long term study, but how long can it continue here and what happens to the research after the current funding ends in 2020?

Rens Van Velzen is already preparing for A-levels in maths, chemistry and physics.

But his autism means life outside the classroom is not always straightforward.

He explains: "Quite often when talking peer to peer, the other person can get frustrated with how I respond because they're (I'm) not responding the way that they're expecting me to respond as the people usually do. So quite often I don't pick up someone's annoyed, or that sort of thing. It's very hard to explain because I haven't had the experience of not having autism."

Haywood, like others on the team, is convinced the project must be protected and fears Britain leaving the EU will end large scale endeavours like this which progress more steadily because of the wide collaboration among doctors and scientists.

She says: "Quite often there can be a lot of negativity around being diagnosed and living with the condition and in my work, I've worked with autism for twelve years, I have met some of the most skilled and highly intelligent people."

Van Velzen has been part of the study since it started.

Now he's hoping for a career in astrophysics.

"I think I'll work on either discovering more about our universe and our place in it, or working on ways to get to other parts of the universe," says Van Velzen.

After completing puzzles in record time he goes on for tests in the eye tracking unit.

Studies have used eye-tracing technology to see how long autistic children spend looking at the social and non-social features in a series of images on pictures and videos like these.

Ren's mother Jose Van Velzen is a cognitive neuroscientist herself although she does not work on this project.

While she is confident about her son's academic success she worries about how he will cope with work and whether he will find happiness in personal relationships.

She says: "It is sometimes challenging for Rens to keep track of what the person he's talking to is feeling and how he's being perceived. He's very much driven by telling things as they are, or how he sees them and of course in normal interaction, in normal relationships you constantly monitor what the other person is thinking. That's definitely very challenging for him and he is aware that this is one of his weaknesses he needs to work on he cannot always deal with it at that particular time and I think that is something in general that will make relationships and work environments quite a challenging place for him."

According to scientists here this project is the first of it kind in the world developing the infrastructure which will underpin new treatments for autism.

There are hundreds of scientists involved in British research projects which are funded by the EU.

The lead scientist on the autism project at Kings is Professor Declan Murphy - and he too is concerned about what Brexit will mean.

He says:"It's virtually impossible for one country alone to recruit the amount of patients that you really need for a large scale, modern day trial, or study that's going to lead to reliable results. We increasingly recognise that big questions need big populations to come up with the right answers and we simply cannot deliver the amount of patients for the amount of science from one centre from one country. For Example my work needs approximately a thousand individuals who are affected by autism. You couldn't recruit that from one centre, or from one country within a time frame that is meaningful, but we can do that by going to mulitple centres across Europe, working together and learning from each other."

The EU's Horizon 2020 budget is 80-billion Euro which funds medicine and science research across Europe.

Britain's split from the EU will leave a funding gap as well as a brain drain according to Murphy and he argues it will be the children with autism who will lose out.

====

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UK MEDICAL BREXIT

SOURCE: AP TECHNOLOGY

RESTRICTIONS: TECHNOLOGY CLIENTS ONLY

LENGTH: 6.33

SHOTLIST:

London, UK - 7 July 2016

1. Various CT scans showing liver cancer pre and post therapy to illustrate the relationship between tumours and glucose

2. Mid of Professor Xavier Golay looking at scans in his MRI lab at the UCL Institute of Neurology

3. Various of Golay and researcher looking at scans

4. Close of tumour in rat highlighted by non radioactive glucose

5. SOUNDBITE: (English) Xavier Golay, professor of neurophysics, UCL Institute of Neurology

"I've heard of at least two, three very senior people who've said okay right, now I'm taking all my grant with me and I'm going back to Germany, Switzerland, France because actually, in that way, they know they'll still have access and it's not only access to funding because the funding is great in this country, it is really good. It's really (about) access to funding and this opportunity to collaborate."

6. Close of autistic teenager Rens Van Velzen answering questions testing his cognitive and executive function at Kings College London

7. Close of psychologist Hannah Hayward asking questions

8. Mid of Velzen ticking off words he understands

9. Various of Velzen watching next task being set up

10. Mid of Velzen touching laptop screen to pick out the emotion displayed on the photo on the monitor

11. Close of Velzen touching the word "Cautious"

12. Close of touch screen

13. Mid of Velzen watching screen observed by Hayward

14. Close of Velzen

15. SOUNDBITE: (English) Hannah Hayward psychologist, EU Aims (autism research project) Kings College London

"One can go on to a life where they never speak, they are highly affected and quite disabled. Another person can go on (to be) fully verbal and become a professor at Cambridge (University) and someone else can go on and live a full life with marriage and children, why does that happen? Why does it affect people so differently when it's effectively the same condition? So we're trying to answer those questions, we're trying to understand why it affects different people in different ways and I think the thing that really attracted me to the project is because, we're trying to highlight the great skills and strengths in this group as well as the things that people find difficult."

16. Close of Hayward starting stopwatch

17. Close of cube pattern Velzen has to recreate

18. Close tilt down of Hayward observing

19. Close of Velzen

20. Close pan from pattern and blocks being constructed by Velzen

21. Mid of Velzen completing puzzle watched by Hayward

22. SOUNDBITE: (English) Rens Van Velzen, teenager in Kings College autisim research group

"Quite often when talking peer to peer, the other person can get frustrated with how I respond because they're (I'm) not responding the way that they're expecting me to respond as the people usually do. So quite often I don't pick up someone's annoyed, or that sort of thing. It's very hard to explain because I haven't had the experience of not having autism."

23. Various of Van Velzen completing other puzzles with black and yellow blocks

24. SOUNDBITE: (English) Hannah Hayward psychologist, EU Aims (autism research project) Kings College London

"Quite often there can be a lot of negativity around being diagnosed and living with the condition and in my work, I've worked with autism for twelve years, I have met some of the most skilled and highly intelligent people."

25. Various of Hayward attaching EEG wires to Van Velzen before eye tracking tests

26. SOUNDBITE: (English) Rens Van Velzen, teenager in Kings College autisim research group

"I think I'll work on either discovering more about our universe and our place in it, or working on ways to get to other parts of the universe."

27. Mid of monitor displaying photographs of facial expressions with options to pick the right description

28. Close of Van Velsen tapping keyboard

29. Mid of test continuing on monitor

30. SOUNDBITE: (English) Jose Van Velzen, Rens' mother (who is also a cognitive neuroscientist)

"It is sometimes challenging for Rens to keep track of what the person he's talking to is feeling and how he's being perceived. He's very much driven by telling things as they are, or how he sees them and of course in normal interaction, in normal relationships, you constantly monitor what the other person is thinking. That's definitely very challenging for him, and he is aware that this is one of his weaknesses he needs to work on he cannot always deal with it at that particular time and I think that is something in general that will make relationships and work environments quite a challenging place for him."

31. Mid rear view of Rens Van Velzen being shown photos in the eye tracking suite

32. Various of monitor

33. Various of Hayward carrying out tracking test

34. Hayward's monitor showing Rens Van Velzen responding to photographs

35. Mid rear view of Van Velzen watching animated patterns appear on screen

36. Various of Professor Declan Murphy lead scientist on the EU Aims study on autism

37. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Declan Murphy lead scientist, EU Aims study on autism, Kings College London

"It's virtually impossible for one country alone to recruit the amount of patients that you really need for a large scale, modern day trial, or study that's going to lead to reliable results. We increasingly recognise that big questions need big populations to come up with the right answers, and we simply cannot deliver the amount of patients for the amount of science from one centre from one country. For example, my work needs approximately a thousand individuals who are affected by autism. You couldn't recruit that from one centre, or from one country within a time frame that is meaningful, but we can do that by going to mulitple centres across Europe, working together and learning from eachother."

38. Mid rear view of Rens Van Velzen responding to picture during eyetracking test

39. Close of EEG reading on monitor

LEADIN:

Scientists controlling EU projects worth millions of dollars say the British exit from Europe risks the future of medical research, and may endanger future treatments for cancer and children.

Research projects at Kings and University Colleges in London rely on the collaboration of hundreds of doctors and multidisciplinary scientists across Europe - which could come under threat because of Brexit.

STORYLINE:

Precision medicine is changing the future for cancer patients.

This lab at University College London has devised a safer and simpler alternative to standard radioactive techniques of imaging tumours.

Professor Xavier Golay's team has discovered a way to make a tumour light up with a simple sugar solution.

Because the solution is not radioactive is doesn't carry the same side effects which make patients sick.

It means radiodlogists can see tumours in more detail and check them more frequently.

That in turn allows doctors to personalise drug treatments for the patient.

They can respond more quickly, seeing what works and what doesn't and that speed could save more lives.

The team here is about to begin a trial on the new imaging technique thanks to a six and a half million Euro grant from the European Union.

The whole university has 103-million Euros to fund medical and science projects over the next few years.

All currently funded projects will be allowed to complete - but it's what happens next that's vexing doctors and scientist who argue breakthroughs don't come to order at the end of one trial.

Golay says for the vast majority of scientists in Britain the result of the recent EU referendum - for the UK to exit - was a shock.

Golay says it's not just the money which will risk future projects like this.

His team - like most university and hospital research groups - comes from all over the European Union.

Collaboration on this imaging project is with other specialist scientists at the Max Planck Institute in Germany as well as other units including France and Italy.

He's already concerned about the future.

"I've heard of at least two, three very senior people who've said okay right, now I'm taking all my grant with me and I'm going back to Germany, Switzerland, France because actually, in that way, they know they'll still have access and it's not only access to funding because the funding is great in this country, it is really good. It's really (about) access to funding and this opportunity to collaborate."

At preschool age Rens Van Velzen's parents realised he was struggling with dyslexia, but when he went to school it became clear he was autistic.

Van Velzen, now a highly intelligent fifteen year old, is part of Europe's largest study into mental health disorder.

Here researchers like Hannah Haywood combine genetics, neuroimaging, cognitive testing and clinical assessments to try to discover what are the causes.

The research project called EU Aims is carried out here at Kings College London in collaboration with scientists in other centres of Europe.

Costing 32 million Euros it's also the biggest grant given to any one project.

Autism Spectrum Disorder is a developmental problem which affects the way people interact with the world around them.

People are affected differently and scientists want to understand why those differences occur.

Haywood says: "One can go on to a life where they never speak, they are highly affected and quite disabled. Another person can go on (to be) fully verbal and become a professor at Cambridge (University) and someone else can go on and live a full life with marriage and children, why does that happen? Why does it affect people so differently when it's effectively the same condition. So we're trying to answer those questions, we're trying to understand why it affects different people in different ways and I think the thing that really attracted me to the project is because, we're trying to highlight the great skills and strengths in this group as well as the things that people find difficult."

The goal is to identify biomarkers and develop drug treatments.

It's a long term study, but how long can it continue here and what happens to the research after the current funding ends in 2020?

Rens Van Velzen is already preparing for A-levels in maths, chemistry and physics.

But his autism means life outside the classroom is not always straightforward.

He explains: "Quite often when talking peer to peer, the other person can get frustrated with how I respond because they're (I'm) not responding the way that they're expecting me to respond as the people usually do. So quite often I don't pick up someone's annoyed, or that sort of thing. It's very hard to explain because I haven't had the experience of not having autism."

Haywood, like others on the team, is convinced the project must be protected and fears Britain leaving the EU will end large scale endeavours like this which progress more steadily because of the wide collaboration among doctors and scientists.

She says: "Quite often there can be a lot of negativity around being diagnosed and living with the condition and in my work, I've worked with autism for twelve years, I have met some of the most skilled and highly intelligent people."

Van Velzen has been part of the study since it started.

Now he's hoping for a career in astrophysics.

"I think I'll work on either discovering more about our universe and our place in it, or working on ways to get to other parts of the universe," says Van Velzen.

After completing puzzles in record time he goes on for tests in the eye tracking unit.

Studies have used eye-tracing technology to see how long autistic children spend looking at the social and non-social features in a series of images on pictures and videos like these.

Ren's mother Jose Van Velzen is a cognitive neuroscientist herself although she does not work on this project.

While she is confident about her son's academic success she worries about how he will cope with work and whether he will find happiness in personal relationships.

She says: "It is sometimes challenging for Rens to keep track of what the person he's talking to is feeling and how he's being perceived. He's very much driven by telling things as they are, or how he sees them and of course in normal interaction, in normal relationships you constantly monitor what the other person is thinking. That's definitely very challenging for him and he is aware that this is one of his weaknesses he needs to work on he cannot always deal with it at that particular time and I think that is something in general that will make relationships and work environments quite a challenging place for him."

According to scientists here this project is the first of it kind in the world developing the infrastructure which will underpin new treatments for autism.

There are hundreds of scientists involved in British research projects which are funded by the EU.

The lead scientist on the autism project at Kings is Professor Declan Murphy - and he too is concerned about what Brexit will mean.

He says:"It's virtually impossible for one country alone to recruit the amount of patients that you really need for a large scale, modern day trial, or study that's going to lead to reliable results. We increasingly recognise that big questions need big populations to come up with the right answers and we simply cannot deliver the amount of patients for the amount of science from one centre from one country. For Example my work needs approximately a thousand individuals who are affected by autism. You couldn't recruit that from one centre, or from one country within a time frame that is meaningful, but we can do that by going to mulitple centres across Europe, working together and learning from each other."

The EU's Horizon 2020 budget is 80-billion Euro which funds medicine and science research across Europe.

Britain's split from the EU will leave a funding gap as well as a brain drain according to Murphy and he argues it will be the children with autism who will lose out.

====

Clients are reminded:

(i) to check the terms of their licence agreements for use of content outside news programming and that further advice and assistance can be obtained from the AP Archive on: Tel +44 (0) 20 7482 7482 Email: info@aparchive.com.

(ii) they should check with the applicable collecting society in their Territory regarding the clearance of any sound recording or performance included within the AP Television News service

(iii) they have editorial responsibility for the use of all and any content included within the AP Television News service and for libel, privacy, compliance and third party rights applicable to their Territory.

British voters are deciding in a June 23 referendum on whether or not to leave the European Union with business owners, employers and analysts in disagreement as to how a so-called 'Brexit' may impact the jobs market.

Unemployment nearly across the 28-nation bloc stands at over 10 percent, almost double the UK rate.

Those in the remain camp argue that over three million jobs in the UK are linked to trade with the EU and point to massive investment from Europe into the Britain.

The EU has guaranteed workers' rights in the UK with guaranteed holiday pay, paid maternity and increased protection in the work place.

Many of UK's trade unions, major businesses and almost all the city say that a leave vote would have major negative repercussions for British workers with fears that a recession could hit wags and noting that financial services and huge players in the industrial sector would carry out on a threat to leave the UK.

Take Airbus UK, a company which employs 15,000 people, its president, Paul Kahn, says he wouldn't necessarily pull out of the UK, but long term investment would come under threat.

"The biggest issue we have with Brexit is that we just don't know what out looks like. So that's where the short-term uncertainty happens. And as soon as you create that uncertainty then that starts to affect long-term decisions. So the impact that I worry about is the long-term impact, he says.

"And that lack of investment, once the investment is made somewhere else that is it. The investment isn't going to be taken away from the other country it goes to so we will have lost out for a generation so that really becomes an issue for our children and our children's children about what sort of jobs we have, what sort of economy we have, how balanced is that economy, do we make things."

But those for Brexit say that EU regulation has hindered business, and that leaving the EU may create more jobs, as well as arguing that lower migration could push wages up.

JD Wetherspoon pub chain owner and founder Tim Martin who employs 37,500 people sees the European Union as "fundamentally undemocratic" and has been campaigning hard to leave the EU.

He donated 200,000 pounds (284,000 US dollars) to the official leave campaign and is distributing anti-remain beer mats and magazines arguing for Brexit in his 900 pubs up and down the country.

"If we have democracy, we will do really well. We will be able to sort all the other problems out and there is no reason why we can't be a more prosperous country," he says. "We will have more money because we won't be paying so much into the EU, and it will unleash great entrepreneurial forces within the country."

Not all his staff agree. Alex Papa is a 21 year old student from Rome studying international business at Birkbeck University, College of London, and has been working behind the bar at a branch JD Wetherspoon for a year. He says he is worried about a leave vote from "an economic point of view, and especially for a personal point of view."

"If I ever wanted my child or my family to come here one day in order to divide (share) their life with me, that would be impossible," he says.

Specialist in the EU job market Swati Dhingra of the London School Economics also worries about the implication of a leave vote, saying that her analysis shows that reduced trade and investment with the EU could leave to a five percent contraction in the British economy, leading to a loss of over 300-thousand jobs.

She also argues against those in the leave camp who tie UK unemployment to migration levels, the long standing view of many Brexiters, including UK Independence Party leader and EU lawmaker Nigel Farage.

"We know population growth also has increases in demand which also ends up contributing to economic growth. So what we expect from migration is a very similar kind of story which is you've got access to people who are well educated often or whose education was something you didn't contribute and now they're coming into your country. So they end up creating jobs, they end up also not taking away jobs from British workers, and the main reason is in a growing economy there is room for everybody," she says.

The uncertainty over the result of the EU referendum remains with some polls showing a majority of British voters are in favour of leaving, while others point toward the opposite scenario.

British voters are deciding in a June 23 referendum on whether or not to leave the European Union with business owners, employers and analysts in disagreement as to how a so-called 'Brexit' may impact the jobs market.

Unemployment nearly across the 28-nation bloc stands at over 10 percent, almost double the UK rate.

Those in the remain camp argue that over three million jobs in the UK are linked to trade with the EU and point to massive investment from Europe into the Britain.

The EU has guaranteed workers' rights in the UK with guaranteed holiday pay, paid maternity and increased protection in the work place.

Many of UK's trade unions, major businesses and almost all the city say that a leave vote would have major negative repercussions for British workers with fears that a recession could hit wags and noting that financial services and huge players in the industrial sector would carry out on a threat to leave the UK.

Take Airbus UK, a company which employs 15,000 people, its president, Paul Kahn, says he wouldn't necessarily pull out of the UK, but long term investment would come under threat.

"The biggest issue we have with Brexit is that we just don't know what out looks like. So that's where the short-term uncertainty happens. And as soon as you create that uncertainty then that starts to affect long-term decisions. So the impact that I worry about is the long-term impact, he says.

"And that lack of investment, once the investment is made somewhere else that is it. The investment isn't going to be taken away from the other country it goes to so we will have lost out for a generation so that really becomes an issue for our children and our children's children about what sort of jobs we have, what sort of economy we have, how balanced is that economy, do we make things."

But those for Brexit say that EU regulation has hindered business, and that leaving the EU may create more jobs, as well as arguing that lower migration could push wages up.

JD Wetherspoon pub chain owner and founder Tim Martin who employs 37,500 people sees the European Union as "fundamentally undemocratic" and has been campaigning hard to leave the EU.

He donated 200,000 pounds (284,000 US dollars) to the official leave campaign and is distributing anti-remain beer mats and magazines arguing for Brexit in his 900 pubs up and down the country.

"If we have democracy, we will do really well. We will be able to sort all the other problems out and there is no reason why we can't be a more prosperous country," he says. "We will have more money because we won't be paying so much into the EU, and it will unleash great entrepreneurial forces within the country."

Not all his staff agree. Alex Papa is a 21 year old student from Rome studying international business at Birkbeck University, College of London, and has been working behind the bar at a branch JD Wetherspoon for a year. He says he is worried about a leave vote from "an economic point of view, and especially for a personal point of view."

"If I ever wanted my child or my family to come here one day in order to divide (share) their life with me, that would be impossible," he says.

Specialist in the EU job market Swati Dhingra of the London School Economics also worries about the implication of a leave vote, saying that her analysis shows that reduced trade and investment with the EU could leave to a five percent contraction in the British economy, leading to a loss of over 300-thousand jobs.

She also argues against those in the leave camp who tie UK unemployment to migration levels, the long standing view of many Brexiters, including UK Independence Party leader and EU lawmaker Nigel Farage.

"We know population growth also has increases in demand which also ends up contributing to economic growth. So what we expect from migration is a very similar kind of story which is you've got access to people who are well educated often or whose education was something you didn't contribute and now they're coming into your country. So they end up creating jobs, they end up also not taking away jobs from British workers, and the main reason is in a growing economy there is room for everybody," she says.

The uncertainty over the result of the EU referendum remains with some polls showing a majority of British voters are in favour of leaving, while others point toward the opposite scenario.

AP TELEVISION

London - 27 May 2016

1. Various of Italian student and barman Alex Papa pulling pint of London Pride beer at Baker street JD Wetherspoon pub

2. Pan from fruit machine to booklet in all JD Wetherspoon pubs on referendum called "In or Out - you decide."

3. JD Wetherspoon owner and founder Tim Martin drinking half pint at bar

4. Pull focus into European beer pumps

5. Wetherspoon referendum booklet

6. SOUNDBITE (English) Tim Martin, JD Wetherspoon owner and founder:

"The economist have got it wrong. They've got it wrong of the Euro because they didn't concentrate on the big picture. And the big picture is you can't have a currency without a government. It doesn't work. This time, they're again not concentrating on the big picture. Democracy, freedom, prosperity is the big picture. And they're turning it around as they did with the Euro and looking at micro issues which are very secondary. If we have democracy, we will do really well. We will be able to sort all the other problems out and there's no reason why we can't be a prosperous country. We will have more money because we won't be paying so much into the EU, and it will unleash great entrepreneurial forces within the country."

7. Papa behind the bar pulling pint

8. Close of Papa's face

9. SOUNDBITE (English) Alex Papa, 21-year-old student from Rome, studying international business at Birkbeck College, University of London, and has been working in JD Wetherspoon for a year:

"I came here in order to start my university, and work part time in order to better myself. And I discovered in this country, there is these possibilities, opportunities that my country didn't give to me. I am worried about exit of Britain in the European Union from an economic point of view, and especially for a personal point of view. If I ever wanted my child or my family to come here one day in order to divide (share) their life with me, that would be impossible."

10. Various of people at bar

11. SOUNDBITE (English) Craig Milligan, 33-year-old builder from London:

"Definitely out. 100 percent out. Yes, at the moment I feel there are threats getting made by the government, and I don't believe a word of it at the moment. I see out as always the best way. At the moment we have got too many bureaucrats in Europe telling us exactly what we've got to do, and when we've got to do it, and I don't think we're able to govern our own country any more to be honest."

AIRBUS VNR

UK (Exact location unknown) - Date unavailable

12. Various of people working in an Airbus factory

AP TELEVISION

London – 13 June 2016

13. Set up of Paul Kahn, Airbus UK President

14. SOUNDBITE (English) Paul Kahn, Airbus UK President:

"The biggest issue we have with Brexit is that we just don't know what out looks like. So that's where the short-term uncertainty happens. And as soon as you create that uncertainty then that starts to affect long-term decisions. So the impact that I worry about is the long-term impact. And that lack of investment, once the investment is made somewhere else that is it. The investment isn't going to be taken away from the other country it goes to so we will have lost out for a generation so that really becomes an issue for our children and our children's children about what sort of jobs we have, what sort of economy do we have, how balanced is that economy, do we make things."

AIRBUS VNR

UK (Exact location unknown) - Date unavailable

15. Various of people working in an Airbus factory

AP TELEVISION

London – 13 June 2016

16. SOUNDBITE (English) Paul Kahn, Airbus UK President:

"In Airbus Group we make things that fly and we're very proud of that and we're very good at it. But that comes from a regulatory environment that is integrated, it's a European regulatory environment. We do things once to one standard so if you introduce a British standard as well as a European standard then that makes things more complicated it doesn't make things simpler and that's the environment we are in."

17. Airbus model on desk

AP TELEVISION

London - 27 May 2016

18. Various set ups of Swati Dhingra, assistant professor of economics at the London School of Economics and co-author of report on Life Outside the EU

19. SOUNDBITE (English) Swati Dhingra, Assistant Professor of economics at the London School of Economics and co-author of report on Life Outside the EU:

"British economy would contract about five percent, we would see about a five percent loss in the British GDP primarily because there would be reduced trade and investment with the European Union and potentially with the rest of the world as we loose access to the European market. So roughly what translates into would be somewhere in the order of 300-thousand job loss which is what many reports have given, the number. So we would see because of the contraction in the British economy an impact on jobs available to British workers."

20. Dhingra looking at her own report on immigration and Brexit on computer screen

21. SOUNDBITE (English) Swati Dhingra, Assistant Professor of economics at the London School of Economics and co-author of report on Life Outside the EU:

"We know population growth also has increases in demand and which also ends up contributing to economic growth. So what we expect from migration is a very similar kind of story, which is you've got access to people who are well educated often or whose education was something you didn't contribute to and now they're coming into your country. So they end up creating jobs, they end up also not taking away jobs from British workers, and the main reason is in a growing economy there is room for everybody."

22. Papa pulling pint in the pub

23. Tilt up to In or Out sign

With less than a month to go before the United Kingdom's referendum on whether to remain in or leave the European Union, campaigners are desperately trying to encourage young people to register to vote.

The outcome of the referendum could depend on whether young people shake off their apathy and vote in sufficient numbers on 23 June, according to a recent opinion poll conducted for the Observer newspaper.

At last year's UK general election, only 43 per cent of those aged 18-24 voted, compared with 78 per cent of over-65s.

A similar turnout would see British youngsters' future in Europe determined by Eurosceptic older voters, who are much more likely to cast their ballots on the day.

The Electoral Reform Society has warned of a "worrying generation gap", with its survey showing that 21 per cent of 18- to 24-year-olds say they are very interested in the referendum, compared with 47 per cent of those over 65.

Comedian Eddie Izzard is one of many campaigners trying to encourage young people to vote to remain in the EU.

He has launched a campaign to visit 31 cities in 31 days to stir up the youth vote.

This week he visited the University of Reading for a debate with Daniel Hannan, a Conservative Member of the European Parliament and pro-Brexit campaigner.

With less than a month to go before the United Kingdom's referendum on whether to remain in or leave the European Union, campaigners are desperately trying to encourage young people to register to vote.

The outcome of the referendum could depend on whether young people shake off their apathy and vote in sufficient numbers on 23 June, according to a recent opinion poll conducted for the Observer newspaper.

At last year's UK general election, only 43 per cent of those aged 18-24 voted, compared with 78 per cent of over-65s.

A similar turnout would see British youngsters' future in Europe determined by Eurosceptic older voters, who are much more likely to cast their ballots on the day.

The Electoral Reform Society has warned of a "worrying generation gap", with its survey showing that 21 per cent of 18- to 24-year-olds say they are very interested in the referendum, compared with 47 per cent of those over 65.

Comedian Eddie Izzard is one of many campaigners trying to encourage young people to vote to remain in the EU.

He has launched a campaign to visit 31 cities in 31 days to stir up the youth vote.

This week he visited the University of Reading for a debate with Daniel Hannan, a Conservative Member of the European Parliament and pro-Brexit campaigner.

Reading - 24 May 2016

1. Various of comedian Eddie Izzard, a prominent campaigner for Britain remaining in the European Union, talking on stage at a debate on the subject at the University of Reading (Izzard is touring 31 UK cities in 31 days in a bid to encourage young people to vote to remain in the EU)

2. Various of students in audience

3. Daniel Hannan, Conservative Member of the European Parliament and pro-Brexit campaigner, talking on stage

4. SOUNDBITE (English) Eddie Izzard, comedian and campaigner to remain in the European Union:

"If they want a vision for the future - and I think young people do want a positive vision for the future, not a negative putting up boundaries, Brexit, let's go away - let's stand there, let's stand and fight for our place in Europe, rather than run and hide from Europe."

5. SOUNDBITE (English) Daniel Hannan, Conservative Member of the European Parliament and pro Brexit campaigner:

"It's not that they have weighed and then discarded the case for leave, it's not even that they have despised and disdained it, it's that they have never heard it, they weren't aware there was one. And so I hope that I can introduce at least some people to the very strong democratic and economic arguments for independence."

6. Izzard talking to students

7. Students

8. SOUNDBITE (English) Becky Page, student:

"I'd like to vote but I just need to inform myself more of which way I want to go. Initially I was thinking of staying but now I'm hearing reasons for leaving."

9. Various of students in student bar

10. Student Ramsay Amin playing snooker

11. SOUNDBITE (English) Ramsay Amin, student:

"I personally don't have enough knowledge to actually vote for either stay in or stay out. But judging by past experience it is probably better to stay in."

12. Various of Oli Ratcliffe, student union president at the University of Reading, sticking up flyers about the the referendum in a bid to encourage people to vote

13. SOUNDBITE (English) Oli Ratcliffe, student union president at the University of Reading:

"They are quite disillusioned with politics, a lot of students, unfortunately, so when referendums and elections come about they often see it as something which they can't relate to and they might not see it as important."

14. Various of Daniel Masters, editor of the student newspaper 'The Spark', looking at the latest edition

15. SOUNDBITE (English) Daniel Masters, student and editor of the student newspaper 'The Spark':

"We're run by the (European) Commission, we're run by the (European) Council, which are not elected and they essentially run our policy without asking us, so we don't have control over our agricultural policy and we don't have control of our fisheries policy or anything."

16. Set-up of student Ben Cooper (left)

17. SOUNDBITE (English) Ben Cooper, student:

"So, I want to vote 'in'. Firstly, I think it's better for our country as a whole. Me personally, I come from a farming background, so I have quite a lot of interest in EU subsidies."

18. Various of people walking along high street

19. Set-up of sales assistant Rachel Stannett (wearing black and white striped dress)

20. SOUNDBITE (English) Rachel Stannett, sales assistant:

"No, to be fair I haven't (thought about the EU referendum). I don't know really that much about it. And I don't know who to vote for."

21. SOUNDBITE (English) Dev Sabharwal, student:

"Frankly, I'm just not that bothered by it. I mean I think I should be a bit bothered by it because it probably does affect me quite a lot but I don't really know a lot about it to be fair."

22. SOUNDBITE (English) Katie Dowset, college of further education student:

"I've heard that like the EU want to make us have the euro and I don't really want the euro."

23. Various of people walking along street, drinking at table

Would you travel halfway around the world for a handbag, or a coat? Maybe, if you really loved it and could get 20 per cent off.

At the moment, the price is right in Britain, where the decision to leave the European Union has led to a sharp drop in the pound. That's proving a bonanza for luxury goods shoppers with foreign currency to spend.

The pound has lost almost a fifth of its value against the dollar since the June 23 referendum on EU membership because of uncertainty about Britain's economic prospects.

That means tourist dollars go farther, and visitors are rushing to buy before retailers jack up their prices.

The U.K. is currently the cheapest place to buy luxury goods, with 64 per cent of products selling for less in Britain than in the U.S., China and France, according to a survey by the professional services firm Deloitte.

For example, the Louis Vuitton Speedy 30, a canvas handbag emblazoned with the iconic LV monogram, sells for the equivalent of 837 US dollars in the U.K. and 1,117 US dollars in China, Deloitte found.

And wannabe shoppers -particularly those from the Far East- are rushing to London before retailers adjust prices to offset the pound's decline.

Visit Britain, the national tourism agency, says flight-reservation data shows bookings from China to Britain are up 24 per cent for the last three months of the year compared with the same period in 2015.

Burberry said this week that sales at British shops open for at least a year rose more than 30 per cent in the three months to September 30. Bag sales were particularly strong, especially those of the equestrian inspired Bridle Bag.

Though on sale in Britain, it is not yet widely available globally, Anusha Couttigane, senior retail analyst at Kantar Retail said.

And it's not just bags. Perfume, clothes and cosmetics are also big on tourist shopping lists, according to a survey by the consumer research group Mintel.

Joanne Milner, chief executive of Garrard - the jewellers that made Princess Diana's famous engagement ring - said the number of Chinese shoppers visiting its website has grown by 75 percent since the Brexit vote.

The firm's shop at Harrods has seen a 1,000 percent increase.

London - 20 October 2016

1. Various of shoppers carrying luxury brand shopping bags on London's New Bond Street

2. Pan from Louis Vuitton to Burberry store on London's New Bond Street

3. Various of Amy Chang, 30-year-old tourist from Guangzhou in China, holding Burberry bag

4. SOUNDBITE (Mandarin) Amy Chang, 30-year-old tourist from Guangzhou:

"Of course because the pound is so weak, it's great for us and we can feel much more comfortable about spending money."

5. Various of Burberry's 'Bridle Bag' in shop window

6. SOUNDBITE (Mandarin) Amy Chang, 30-year-old tourist from Guangzhou:

"Chinese people love handbags. I personally don't care too much about them, I bought a trench coat from Burberry because I've had my eye on it for a long time and I've always thought it was too expensive. But now coming to Britain it's actually much cheaper than in China, so I finally bought it."

7. Various of shoppers on London's New Bond Street

8. Set up shot of Robin Johnson, marketing director for VisitBritain

9. SOUNDBITE (English) Robin Johnson, marketing director for VisitBritain:

"So we've seen really strong growth forecasted for the rest of this year from China. Flight bookings for China from October to December are 24 percent up versus the same period last year which is extremely encouraging for the UK economy."

London – 19 October 2016

10. Set up shot of Anusha Couttigane, senior retail analyst at Kantar Retail

11. SOUNDBITE (English) Anusha Couttigane, senior retail analyst at Kantar Retail:

"The luxury market is one of the most competitive – if not the most competitive in the world. The fact that the pound has seen such massive devaluation has made retail a far more attractive market for consumers who had been priced out of the market previously."

12. Cutaway

13. SOUNDBITE (English) Anusha Couttigane, senior retail analyst at Kantar Retail:

"A lot of products that are available on the British market haven't been shipped out internationally yet. So we're getting a lot of retail tourists who are interested in finding the latest products. But also things that are really portable and really easy to transport. So things in the accessories segment for example - like handbags are really popular - as are small items like jewellery."

London – 20 October 2016

14. Various of Joanne Milner, Chief Executive of luxury jewellery maker Garrard, looking at jewellery in flagship London store

15. SOUNDBITE (English) Joanne Milner, Chief Executive of luxury jewellery maker Garrard:

"China's consistently been our top three source of traffic onto our website, but that's grown by about 75% (since Brexit referendum). And that goes all the way up to sales to Chinese clients within our concession in Harrods which has increased 1000 percent (since Brexit referendum); so these are big numbers and it's not just Garrard that is seeing it, it is London as a whole."

16. Various of jewellery

17. SOUNDBITE (English) Joanne Milner, Chief Executive of luxury jewellery maker Garrard:

"The thought is that in the long-term it will be good for British business, particularly London being the destination in Europe for luxury – which in the past it has vied with Paris for that position. But uncertainty is never a good thing and that has a risk attached to it."

18. Exterior of Garrard's flagship store in Central London

19. Luxury brands on display on London's New Bond Street

20. SOUNDBITE (Mandarin) Ivy Wang, a 16-year-old exchange student who has lived in the UK for two months:

"I buy more local brands, like Burberry – I get woollen shirts and scarves for my mum – local British brands."

21. Exterior of Burberry store in Central London

22. SOUNDBITE (Mandarin) Ivy Wang, a 16-year-old exchange student who has lived in the UK for two months:

"Most of the things here are for her (her friend's) mum, she got her a pair of shoes and a handbag, and also got herself a handbag."

23. Shoppers on New Bond Street

24. SOUNDBITE (Mandarin) Leo Yu, tourist from Beijing on his honeymoon with his wife Zhang Ke:

"One of the reasons we are buying so much at the moment is that the pound is continuing to weaken, and so the cost of luxury items has gone down too, so of course we've chosen to buy them when we're in the UK."

25. Various of Chinese tourists entering and walking through Burberry shop

Both the supporters and the opponents of Brexit gathered outside the UK parliament on Wednesday, after British lawmakers voted against leaving the EU without a deal or so-called no-deal Brexit.

Although the lawmakers' 321-278 vote has no legal force, Deborah Houland was amongst those who were celebrating the results of the vote in the House of Commons.

She said that she has "never been so relieved" in her life, and was now hoping that Article 50, the legal process that triggers the Brexit process, will be revokek.

Meanwhile, Pam Watts, a pro-Brexit protester said the 17.4 million people who voted for Brexit in 2016 will not accept any alternative options other than leaving the EU bloc.

The British parliament is scheduled to decide on Thursday whether to put an extension on Article 50.

Catherine Barnard, professor of law at University of Cambridge warned, however, that delaying Brexit would need EU approval even if British lawmakers vote in favour of an extension.

London - 13 March 2019

++NIGHT SHOTS++

1. Remain protesters cheering and hugging each other after the vote on no-deal Brexit

2. EU flag

3. SOUNDBITE (English) Vox pop, Deborah Houland, pro-remain protester:

"I'm just elated. I've never ever felt so relieved about anything in my life. This is just what we needed because this country was about to face the biggest crisis its ever faced and now we've got a chance. If we have a soft Brexit, whatever, as long as is it wasn't a hard Brexit we can deal with it. Hopefully, hopefully Article 50 will be revoked."

4. SOUNDBITE (English) William Relton, pro-remain protester:

"I am astounded actually. I'm quite astounded. I think it's the most fantastic thing. It means that we now cannot leave without some sort of a deal and if we have to leave on March 29th, they are now going to have to revoke Article 50. It's over, I mean, it's kind of over. It's amazing."

5. Protesters waving EU and Union Jack flags

6. Close of protesters singing, zoom out to protesters waving flags

7. Various of pro-Brexit protesters

8. Pro-Brexit flags

9. SOUNDBITE (English) Vox pop, Mike Ranson, pro-Brexit protester:

"Very disappointed, very disappointed if that's the case. That's just thrown our whole democracy over the wall. There's a lot of angry people out there and I think there's going to be a lot of more angry people now. So I think you're going to see...I don't know. I'm angry now, you know, I'm very angry."

10 . SOUNDBITE (English) Vox pop, Pam Watts, pro-Brexit protester:

"I still don't think, you know, it's not all over and I still think we'll get Brexit in the end, despite what the political class thinks they're going to do. Because if you think about it, what is the alternative to trash Brexit and then face 17.4 million people who are not going to roll over and accept it? So if you want riots on the street, if you want people like me out there actually talking revolution. Fine go ahead. Take Brexit away."

11. Wide of Brexiteers

12. Close up of Brexit sign reading (English): "Let's go WTO!"

13. Wide of parliament

14. Pro-EU protesters with flags

15. Set up of Catherine Barnard, professor of law, University of Cambridge

16. SOUNDBITE (English) Catherine Barnard, professor of law, University of Cambridge:

"Well, what we do know is that there was a non-binding vote, which said that the MPs, by a very slim margin, want no-deal taken off the table. But that's only the start of the problems because it's not really in the UK's power to take no-deal off the table. The only way we can guarantee to do it is by revoking the Article 50 notification, so turning off that notification and reverting to the position before, which of course goes against what the referendum said. So it inevitably spills over into the vote tomorrow night, which is going to ask for an extension of Article 50, so that something can be negotiated in between times. And the problem is even with that requesting an extension of Article 50, again we can request, we can't get, the EU has got to grant it to us."

17. Cutaway of EU flags

18. SOUNDBITE (English) Catherine Barnard, professor of law, University of Cambridge:

"The Sun (UK newspaper) the day after it was first voted down called it Brextinct, i.e. it was dead as a dodo, there was a picture of a dodo on the front page of the Sun. I'm not so sure, because at the moment it's the only game in town. There are no other options on the table apart from withdrawing Article 50 and starting all over again and there seems to be no sign of that at the moment."

19. Barnard's hand

20. Exterior of the parliament

21. SOUNDBITE (English) Catherine Barnard, professor of law, University of Cambridge:

"I think the European Union institutions are literally tearing their hair out over this, they cannot get their heads round British politics and they cannot understand why Theresa May managed to go to Brussels, get changes that apparently she wanted to her own deal, and then not have managed to square them with her own party, so she could get them through the Commons. And so they think what on Earth, what sort of system have we got?  And furthermore, they look at the vote tonight and they'll say 'gosh, it's close', it's not as if the parliament was sending out a very clear message pro or against no-deal."

22. Tilt down from EU flags to protesters

23. Flags

Brexit. It's coming, but no one really knows what form it will take.

Prime Minister Theresa May plans to fire the starting pistol this month, leading to at least two years of complex negotiations between Britain and 27 other European Union nations with competing interests.

The results will redefine Britain's role outside the EU, transform immigration and trade laws, and affect everything from intelligence sharing to the classification of bananas.

Brexit hasn't happened yet; the formal process is about to begin.

But the June 23 referendum in which Britons voted to leave the EU is already having an immense impact on peoples' lives.

Not because of what they know about Brexit, but because of what they don't.

Five people -- three in Britain, two in continental Europe -- tell how they are coping with the uncertainty:

THE GERMAN ACADEMIC WHO IS LEAVING BRITAIN

German-born Henning Meyer and his German wife have lived in London long enough to easily qualify for British nationality.

And it's likely the British government will eventually decide to allow EU nationals already living in Britain to stay even after the divorce, so they could probably live here even without British passports.

But the Meyers are leaving.

They are building a small home in Berlin and selling their place just north of London.

They no longer feel welcome here and they believe London's role as a vital international hub will soon shrivel.

Meyer says that if he's not allowed to live in the UK as German, he no longer wants to be in the UK.

They took six months to decide to abandon Britain -- a move shaped by the belief that something fundamental had been altered in the tolerant, multi-cultural society they had embraced.

"It's not just the immediate reaction after the referendum," he said.

"You know everybody knows what happened to -- not me personally -- but Polish citizens or others who have been subject to abuse or even worse. So what also changed is how the referendum campaign altered the public discourse in this country. Because it was a shameful campaign and it has made stereotyping xenophobia mainstream."

He said some friends no longer feel comfortable speaking German with their children on London streets, and others try to conceal their Polish or German identities.

Meyer doesn't want to live that way.

THE LATVIAN STUDENT RUSHING TO GET TO BRITAIN - BEFORE IT'S TOO LATE

Katrina Rubina's dream is almost in her grasp. She fears Brexit will snatch it away.

The 18-year-old high school student's cherished goal - call it an obsession - is to study in Britain, a country with a proud tradition of academic rigour that regularly turns out skilled graduates who can compete in Europe's tight job market.

"I've been dreaming about studying in the UK for a long time, since I was 6 years old, purely because of Harry Potter. And right now if because of the Brexit, the student loans are cut, there are no more opportunities for people (from the EU) who were depending on these loans. Thus, my chance would be blown," says Rubina.

Her fear is that Britain's exit from the EU will shortly make it much harder for students from other European countries to study in Britain.

She anticipates many road blocks: New visa rules, rather than the border free travel Latvians and other EU citizens now enjoy, a hike in tuition for non-British students and, most importantly, a sharp cut in scholarships for EU students.

That's made getting to Britain a now-or-never proposition.

She and many other Latvian hopefuls are flooding British universities with applications - academic officials note a marked increase since the referendum.

She has been provisionally accepted at the Royal Holloway in London to study international business, but needs an excellent showing on her final round of exams.

Her counsellor has told her she must study still harder - competition has increased because so many students are trying to get to Britain before the rules change.

"That's all I worked for - to study in the UK. And if I cannot - it was all for nothing," she says.

THIS MAN OF STEEL SEES BETTER DAYS AHEAD - AND HE'S HIRING

John Reid & Sons is looking to hire six people at its structural steel factory in southern England - and managing director Simon Boyd thinks the 98-year-old company's expansion is a Brexit blessing.

He has argued for years that membership in the EU was holding Britain back because of a welter of regulations.

The day Brexit comes into full force, he says, will be the day when Britain is liberated from unwanted workplace rules and the capricious dictates imposed by the European Court of Justice.

He knows that in a legal sense nothing has changed, that the implementation of Brexit is at least several years away, but thinks the business climate has dramatically improved now that the end of EU regulation (over-regulation in his view) is in sight.

The midsize firm he runs is already reaping benefits - the falling value of the British pound sterling since the Brexit vote has helped its exports - and the company's largest ever expansion project is being planned in consultation with local officials.

Boyd, who started his career making tea and sweeping floors, says orders and inquiries for major projects increased after the referendum vote and expects they will shoot still higher in the coming years.

"I think government is in an excellent position to negotiate a really good deal with our European friends, and we can get out of this really damaging European Union, "says Boyd, who chafes at the way European workplace rules hamper his flexibility in a business that is cyclical by nature.

THE BRITISH RETIREE IN SPAIN: DON'T MAKE ME GO BACK

If Brexit means that retirees Karen and Peter Watling have to leave the Mediterranean coast of Spain to return to the dreary British Midlands, expect them to be kicking and screaming on the plane back home.

Their decision to retire in Spain after long careers in England made perfect sense - before Brexit.

They enjoy a reciprocal health care arrangement between Britain and Spain that allows them to receive free medical care and medication, which is crucial because Peter, 70, has a serious ailment.

Karen Watling doesn't expect the health care agreement between the two EU countries to survive the divorce, which would force them to seek government-sponsored health insurance in Spain or reluctantly move back to England.

"For us it would be a disaster because it would be well over 300 euros a month plus medication," she says of the insurance she would need in Spain. "We wouldn't be able to afford it."

Brexit has already hit their purchasing power.

Their pensions are paid in British pound sterling, which has, since the referendum, dropped by about 15 percent in relation to the euro used in Spain.

Karen Watling who is also 70 says she has been anxious and tearful since June 23.

She is angry at the government - believing that Brits living in other EU countries are being used as a bargaining chip - and mortified by what the referendum results say about the country where she worked as a teacher for decades.

"I am devastated to see how the UK has now become, "she says.

THE ITALIAN 'LONDONER' WHO SUDDENLY FEELS OUT OF PLACE - IN HIS OWN HOME

Brexit has cost him money, plenty of money each month as the cost of importing meats and cheese from Italy has risen because of the drop in value of the British pound.

But Gastronomica founder Marco Vineis seems most upset by Brexit's emotional pain, not its financial toll.

"I feel myself quite a Londoner, even if I wasn't born here," says Vineis, 52, in his salami and cheese filled deli, where the aroma of rich Italian espresso lingers.

"Now I feel myself a bit of a foreigner. So, this feeling I don't like it a lot. This is after 25 years I've been here."

With the current exchange rate of the pound against the euro, in "three years we need to close," he says, or change the business by replacing tomatoes and pecorino with scallops and cheddar.

London, UK – 17 February 2017

1. London School of Economics academic, Henning Meyer walking into office

2. Hands on keyboard mouse

3. Meyer's own picture of Berlin on his computer

4. Various Meyer looking at his photos of Berlin

5. Photos being scrolled through

6. SOUNDBITE (English) Henning Meyer, London School of Economics academic:

"It's just the feeling that the mood has changed. It's not just the immediate reaction after the referendum - you know everybody knows about what happened to, not me personally, but Polish citizens or others who have been subject to abuse or even worse - so what also changed is how the referendum campaign altered the pubic discourse in this country. Because it was a shameful campaign, in my view, and it has made stereotyping xenophobia mainstream."

7. Cutaway of hands

8. SOUNDBITE (English) Henning Meyer, London School of Economics academic:

"In the cold light of day it is clear that the best decision for us in the medium to long-term - even though in the short-term it might be more disruptive - is moving back to Berlin."

9. Various of Henning looking at photo of plot of land he has bought in Berlin

Riga, Latvia - 17 February 2017

10. Various of English class at Riga State 2nd Gymnasium

11. Close of Katrina Rubina

12. Pan of class

13. Rubina exiting classroom

14. SOUNDBITE (English) Katrina Rubina, 18, student hoping to study in UK:

"I've been dreaming about studying in the UK for a long time, since I was six years old, purely because of Harry Potter. And right now if because of the Brexit, the student loans are cut, there are no more opportunities for people (from the EU) who were depending on these loans and thus, my chance would be blown."

15. Girl holding a University of Edinburgh bag

16. Rubina talking to classmates in the corridor

17. SOUNDBITE (English) Katrina Rubina, 18, student hoping to study in the UK:

I've worked every single test and doing all these extra curriculars, and right now, kind of, all was useless if I cannot study there anymore. Because that's all I worked for - to study in the UK. And if I cannot - it was all for nothing."

18. Various exteriors of Riga State 2nd Gymnasium

Bournemouth, UK - 28 February 2017

19. Pan interior of John Reid and Sons steel factory

20. Various of steel welding

21. Various set ups of John Reid and Sons managing director, Simon Boyd

22. SOUNDBITE (English) Simon Boyd, Managing Director, John Reid and Sons:

"It was pretty clear after Mr Cameron's failed attempts to negotiate a better deal with the EU that we weren't going to get anything that worked for me, my family, my business, my employees and indeed the vast majority of people in the UK and now I think we have to support government. I think government is in an excellent position to negotiate a really good deal with our European friends, and we can get out of this really damaging European Union."

23. Cutaway tilt down face

24. SOUNDBITE (English) Simon Boyd, Managing Director, John Reid and Sons:

"I'm a businessman, I care about this company, I care about our industry, and I care about everybody in the country to be honest, no matter where you come from. The fact of the matter is that politicians will argue black is white, day in day out. We have to deal with the facts. It's us that have to bear the burden of regulation. It's us that have to cope with the stresses and anxieties that all this regulation places not only on us who run the business but on our employees, and a one size fits all approach, which is what the European Union has done with British business has been really bad for us."

25. Various steel cutting

26. Forklift operating

Torrevieja, Spain - 1 March 2017

27. Wide Torrevieja beach

28. Mid people walking on the beach

29. Mid people in a bar terrace

30. Close menu sign in English

31. Various set up shots of Karen Watling, a UK pensioner from Yorkshire

32. SOUNDBITE (English) Karen Watling, UK pensioner living in Spain:

"For us it would be a disaster because it would be well over 300 euros a month plus medication, we wouldn't be able to afford it."

33. Close up of hands

34. SOUNDBITE (English) Karen Watling, UK pensioner living in Spain:

"We didn't leave the United Kingdom because we didn't like it, we left it because we thought we would have a better retirement in a warmer place and that's true. We are quite happy here. The UK is still my home country. And I am devastated to see how the UK has now become."

35. Mid food sign in English

London - 16 February 2017

36. Exterior of Gastronomica Italian deli

37. Various of customers, produce in background

38. Various of deli items

39. Various of Italian restaurateur and food importer Marco Vineis preparing sandwich

40. SOUNDBITE (English) Marco Vineis, Italian restaurateur and food importer:

"I feel myself quite (a) Londoner, even if I wasn't born here. Now I feel myself a bit of a foreigner. So, this feeling I don't like it a lot. This is after 25 years, I've been here, I feel London as it is my house, almost."

41. Cutaway hands

42. SOUNDBITE (English) Marco Vineis, Italian restaurateur and food importer:

"I hope the pound must be at least over the 1.15 (to the euro) otherwise it's going to be... if it carries on for 10 years at 1.10, after three years we need to close. Or change our business. Having English product. So, if we are very keen on these zero kilometres product, perfect. We can do it. Tomorrow we can buy, I don't know.... scallops, cheddar..."

43. Staff preparing food

44. Plate of mozzarella and tomato salad

LEADIN:

Every university student has anxieties -- about making new friends, buying the right books and moving away from home. But EU students in Brexit-era Britain are also facing the stress of a very uncertain future.

STORYLINE:

Vittoria Durazzano moved to London in 2015 with hopes of a long-term future there. She was starting university at the prestigious London School of Economics and could see a career in Britain blossoming post-grad.

As an Italian, her EU status allowed her to pay half the tuition price of other international students, 9,250 pounds ($12,062) rather than 18,408 pounds ($24,005). She could live and work in Britain without a visa.

But Britain's vote to leave the European Union last year changed all that.

When the country leaves the bloc in 2019, there's no promise that the financial and immigration perks for European students will remain.

Durazzano and other EU students who begin their studies before 2019 will still pay EU tuition rates, but it's unclear what costs will be after that. And there's no set plan for their residency status post-Brexit – meaning it may be harder to get a job and work in Britain's capital.

The uncertainty may force Durazzano to leave her dream city of London.

"Even just for me, specifically, because I want to work in the EU, this means I will never be from London," she says.

She isn't alone. More than 60,000 EU students attend British universities, bringing brain power for employers, diversity and more than 400 million pounds ($518 million) of tuition money with them each year, on top of the 500 million pounds these universities receive in EU funding annually.

This year, EU applications to UK schools dropped for the first time since 2012, by 5 percent. More than 2,500 young, bright Europeans took their talents elsewhere, rather than face the uncertainties of Brexit. The British government has promised that EU students will pay their current tuition prices and stay visa-free until 2019 – and that's about all they've promised.

"It is quite scary, just in terms of not knowing, I think is the biggest problem," she says.

"I think the biggest problem is that we don't know yet what will change – if something will change. Which it might not. Hopefully it won't."

The Russell Group, which represents 24 of the UK's top universities, including LSE, Cambridge and Oxford, has repeatedly asked the British government to provide clarity for EU students, including assurances that they will be able to stay and work in Britain after graduation.

Their head of policy, Jessica Cole, says their requests for clarity are still unanswered. But their universities are planning as much as they can to keep top EU students coming in post-Brexit.

"We have very selective universities – they're looking for the best and the brightest minds, wherever they come from in the world. And that includes the EU, so we really want to make sure that after Brexit those bright, young students in Europeans countries aren't put off considering studying in the UK " she says.

David Kurten, the education spokesman for the UK Independence Party, which campaigned in favour of Brexit, says the global appeal of schools like LSE and Oxford will endure after 2019.

He notes that applications from international students outside of Europe, particularly East Asia, are on the rise, despite their higher tuition fee.

"European Union students can still come, but they will have to pay the international fees, whatever LSE wants to set as their international fee" he says.

"There's huge demands to come to British universities, from the Far East, particularly at the moment. It's growing every year. For every one EU student that doesn't want to come, there's two or three from China and the Far East who do."

But his optimism is cold comfort for EU students who can't risk their financial futures on a UK school. Until the UK government has a clear plan, Europe's top students can't start making their own.

If the British government doesn't provide clarity for EU nationals and EU education funding, UK universities could lose over 1 billion pounds a year and some of their top students. That's fewer bright minds staying and contributing to the British economy after graduation, innovating and producing – and paying taxes – in Britain.

Until the government tells young EU nationals what they can expect post-Brexit, Britain's education, financial and other crucial sectors may find themselves struggling to attract and retain the talent needed to stay competitive.

ASSOCIATED PRESS

London, UK - 29 August 2017

1. Vittoria Durazzano, Italian student at the London School of Economics, walking

ASSOCIATED PRESS

London, UK - 6 September 2017

2. Wide of exterior of LSE Old Building

3. Mid of exterior of LSE Old Building

4. Close of LSE Old Building front entrance, blurry to focused

ASSOCIATED PRESS

London, UK - 25 March 2017

5. Various of anti-Brexit protesters at a march

ASSOCIATED PRESS

London, UK - 5 December 2016

6. Various of anti-Brexit protesters outside the Supreme Court

ASSOCIATED PRESS

London, UK - 29 August 2017

7. Vittoria Durazzano, Italian Student at London School of Economics, scrolling through phone

8. SOUNDBITE (English) Vittoria Durazzano, Italian Student at London School of Economics:

"Even just for me, specifically, because I want to work in the EU, this means I will never be from London."

9. Double decker bus rolls past the London School of Economics

10. Students talking outside of the London School of Economics

ASSOCIATED PRESS

London, UK - 22 August, 2017

11. Various of students sitting in the London Business School Courtyard (mute)

ASSOCIATED PRESS

London, UK - 29 August 2017

12. SOUNDBITE (English) Vittoria Durazzano, Italian Student at London School of Economics:

"It is quite scary, just in terms of not knowing, I think is the biggest problem. I think the biggest problem is that we don't know yet what will change – if something will change. Which it might not. Hopefully it won't."

ASSOCIATED PRESS

London, UK - 6 September 2017

13. Pan right of London School of Economics buildings

14. Mid of London School of Economics Garrick building, people walking past

15. Wide of people walking past London School of Economics Garrick building

16. Mid of person walking out of London School of Economics Garrick building

17. People's legs as they walk past London School of Economics

18. Windows of London School of Economics Garrick cafe, with people sitting inside

19. Wide of London School of Economics Garrick building, side entrance with woman walking past

20. Close of person scrolling through phone outside the London School of Economics

ASSOCIATED PRESS

London, UK - 11 August 2017

21. Mid of Jessica Cole, Head of Policy for the Russell Group, shuffling through papers

22. SOUNDBITE (English), Jessica Cole, Head of Policy for the Russell Group:

"Well European students are really really important to our universities. We have very selective universities – they're looking for the best and the brightest minds, wherever they come from in the world. And that includes the EU, so we really want to make sure that after Brexit those bright, young students in Europeans countries aren't put off considering studying in the UK."

ASSOCIATED PRESS

London, UK - 5 September 2017

23. Various of British and EU flags flying outside of London's City Hall

24. Wide of David Kurten, the UK Independence Party Spokesman for Education and Apprenticeships, walking

25. SOUNDBITE (English) David Kurten, UK Independence Party Spokesman for Education and Apprenticeships:

"European Union students can still come, but they will have to pay the international fees, whatever LSE wants to set as their international fee. There's huge demands to come to British universities, from the Far East, particularly at the moment. It's growing every year. For every one EU student that doesn't want to come, there's two or three from China and the Far East who do."

ASSOCIATED PRESS

London, UK - 29 March 2017

26. Various of British and EU flags hanging on building

Many residents of the north east England city of Sunderland, which voted overwhelmingly to leave the European Union in 2016, say they feel let down and fatigued after a deal for the United Kingdom to leave the bloc was approved by European leaders on Sunday.

Colin Moran was part of a group called the 'Metric Martyrs' which, in 2001, supported a Sunderland shopkeeper's court battle against an EU directive that made the failure to use metric scales an offence from 1 January 2000.

He believes British Prime Minister Theresa May's Brexit deal is "a complete mess".

"We voted no and it was the job of the government at the risk of a no deal to deliver leaving," he said on Monday. "No ifs. No buts and what it's turned into is a complete political mess."

Moran said Sunderland's fight with the EU went a long way back.

"The very first inkling that the public had in this country that there was something not quite right about our membership of the European Union was when the citizens of this country were forbidden to buy in their traditional weights and measures, which they all understood and did not understand metric," he said, referring to the UK's Imperial weights and measurements system. "Nobody ever asked for a half a kilo of steak, so there was something not quite right about that," he said.

Rodney Atkinson, a campaigner against the European Union and brother of English actor Rowan Atkinson, said May's deal was "the most disgraceful constitutional issue that has ever faced the British people".

"We have a prime minister who has entered negotiations in order to extricate us from a situation in which we were controlled by the European Union and to restore our sovereignty," he said at his home outside of Sunderland.

"She has actually managed to produce a deal that ties us even more to that EU with giving us even less power than we had before. So, it is quite an achievement to achieve such a disaster in so short a time."

Other residents of Sunderland said they were bitterly disappointed at the outcome of the deal that was finalised by EU leaders on Sunday.

Harry Mcatoniney, a retired IT project manager who voted to leave the EU in the 2016 referendum, said the deal was a betrayal of the country.

"This is not what I voted for," he said. "I think this is a betrayal of what the country actually voted for. The country was looking to take back control and I think we've ceded control. We've conceded everything."

Jeremy Anderson, a distribution centre worker in the city said he bored of the topic that has become more and more confusing over time.

"I am personally just kind of bored with it," he said. "I don't really understand enough of it to make a strong judgement on it on what the deal is she signed and what's in it for us. All I can gather is that we're not going to get everything we want and we are still pretty much tied in. So I'm just bored and I did vote to leave."

Kathleen Doolan, a retired nurse, said she too was confused by Brexit and what its consequences would be in the future.

"I don't think I really understand exactly what the full consequences are going to be in the future," she said. "It's been an ongoing topic on the television and I just think that all the different opinions that float by and I think it just confuses people and they're not really sure of what's gonna happen."

And there are some in the city who buck the trend.

Andrea Erington, a further education college lecturer in Sunderland, said she voted to remain in the European Union in 2016 and that she expected a difficult future for the UK.

"I understand other people's feelings about why they wanted to leave, but personally I think it's been a great loss for us," she said.

"We've had a lot of freedom to travel between countries and to work between countries and when I can see a good relationship, I can see a strain perhaps in the future."

Sunderland - 26 November 2018

1. Various of Colin Moran watching Brexit news reporting on television

2. SOUNDBITE (English) Colin Moran, EU leave voter:

"We voted no and it was the job of the government at the risk of a no deal to deliver leaving. No ifs, no buts. And what it's turned into is a complete political mess."

3. Close of Colin Moran's hands

4. Various of British Railways model train

5. SOUNDBITE (English) Colin Moran, EU leave voter and Metric Martyr:

"The very first inkling that the public had in this country that there was something not quite right about our membership of the European Union when the citizens of this country were forbidden to buy in their traditional weights and measures, which they all understood and did not understand metric. Nobody ever asked for a half a kilo of steak, so there was something not quite right about that."

6. Various of anti European Union activist Rodney Atkinson reading documents in living room

7. SOUNDBITE (English) Rodney Atkinson, former UK Independence Party leadership candidate and anti European Union activist:

"Well I think it's the most disgraceful constitutional issue that has ever faced the British people. We have a prime minister who has entered negotiations in order to extricate us from a situation in which we were controlled by the European Union and to restore our sovereignty. She has actually managed to produce a deal which ties us even more to that European Union with giving us even less power than we had before. So it is quite an achievement to achieve such a disaster in so short a time."

8. Wide of Roker beach promenade in Sunderland

9. Close of Sunderland City Council sign

10. Various of Harry Mcatoniney, retired IT project manager, looking at the sea

11. SOUNDBITE (English) Harry Mcatoniney, retired IT project manager:

"This is not what I voted for. I think this is a betrayal of what the country actually voted for. The country was looking to take back control and I think we've ceded control. We've conceded everything. The latest fisheries. The latest Gibraltar thing. They are just more concessions."

12. Wide of two people walking dog on Roker beach in Sunderland

13. SOUNDBITE (English) Jeremy Anderson, distribution centre worker:

"I am personally just kind of bored with it. I don't really understand enough of it to make a strong judgement on it, on what the deal is she signed and what's in it for us. But all I can gather is that we're not going to get everything we want and we are still pretty much tied in. So I'm just bored and I did vote to leave."

14. Wide of dog walkers on beach

15. SOUNDBITE (English) Kathleen Doolan, retired nurse:

"I think it's very confusing. I don't think I really understand exactly what the full consequences are going to be in the future. It's

been an ongoing topic on the television and I just think that all the different opinions that float by, and I think it just confuses people and they're not really sure of what's gonna happen."

16. Various of Sunderland city centre

17. SOUNDBITE (English) Andrea Erington, further education college lecturer:

"I understand other people's feelings about why they wanted to leave, but personally I think it'd be a great loss for us. We've had a lot of freedom to travel between countries and to work between countries, and while I can see a good relationship, I can see a strain perhaps in the future."

18. Various of Sunderland City Centre

19. City of Sunderland Parking sign

British Prime Minister Boris Johnson suffered a major defeat in Parliament on Tuesday night as rebellious lawmakers voted to seize control of the Brexit agenda.

The prime minister immediately said he would call for a new general election.

Britain's Parliament will attempt to defy Johnson's Brexit plans on Wednesday as lawmakers seek a way out of the impasse that has gripped the nation since the 2016 vote to leave the European Union.

The House of Commons is confronting Johnson over his insistence that the UK leave the EU on Oct. 31 even without a withdrawal agreement to cushion the economic blow.

It will consider a measure that will try to block a departure without a deal.

Catherine Barnard, a professor of European Union Law at University of Cambridge says calling a general election is "more complicated than it looks."

"The opposition parties are united in saying we will not vote in favour of calling for a general election at the moment," Barnard said.

"What they say is we must take a no-deal Brexit off the table first. That's what the bill is trying to do at the moment. And then they will agree to having a general election."

A new general election would take Britain's future directly to the people for a third general election in four years.

London - 4 September 2019

1. Various of Professor of European Union Law at University of Cambridge, Catherine Barnard, reading magazine

2. SOUNDBITE (English) Catherine Barnard, Professor of European Union Law at University of Cambridge:

"It's more complicated than it looks unfortunately, but what you're see in yesterday's vote is that parliament is trying to reassert control. And, of course many people who voted to leave the European Union, because they valued the British Parliament over the role of the European Parliament, and so they say said 'we are taking back control' and that's what Parliament did yesterday. Now, it's only a stepping stone, it's not a major legal step, but what we saw yesterday was the decision by parliament to take back control of the order book and that means, that today, legislation will be tabled not by the government, as it's usually the case, but by the MPs. And this will be a bill, to delay Brexit until the end of December unless parliament says, 'we should go ahead with a no-deal Brexit on 31st of October'. The crucial issue is of course in fact, it's not in the UK's gift to say we want an extension, we will have to ask the EU for an extension"

3. Cutaway of Barnard

4. SOUNDBITE (English) Catherine Barnard, Professor of European Union Law at University of Cambridge:

"Normally you would expect the opposition to say 'yes bring it on because we want to have a general election because we want to win because we want to become the next government'. However what's interesting this time is that the opposition parties are united in saying we will not vote in favour of calling for a general election at the moment for the simple reason that they talk about sequencing. Now sequencing doesn't sound very exciting. But what they say is we must take a no-deal Brexit off the table first. That's what the bill is trying to do at the moment. And then they will agree to having a general election, they will vote in favour of it so that Boris Johnson gets a two thirds majority, they will vote in favour of it but only if it takes place at a time when we won't accidentally fall out of the European Union."

5. Various cutaways of Barnard

6. SOUNDBITE (English) Catherine Barnard, Professor of European Union Law at University of Cambridge:

"There's a real irony about this of course because in the referendum a lot of people said they voted leave because they wanted to take back control to the Westminster parliament. And now what we're seeing, the narrative that's being developed, is direct democracy through referendum versus representative democracy through MPs."

7. Wide of room

8. SOUNDBITE (English) Catherine Barnard, Professor of European Union Law at University of Cambridge:

"We're in highly unchartered waters. Nobody knows what's going to happen next. So what we can say has happened is that the parliament, the MPs have been able to take back control of the rulebook. That means that they will table this bill today. But the bill has got to pass through the House of Commons, which of course is already not certain and then it's got to pass through the House of Lords. And while the Lords is predominately 'remain' there are a lot of peers, lords who are in favour of Brexit and who do not like this bill and they will try to filibuster and filibuster is the jargon term for talking talking talking so a bill runs out of time."

9. Barnard walking through office

10. Various of poster

In a British election dominated by Brexit, young voters who had no say in the country's decision to leave the European Union could hold the key to victory. That is, if they can be bothered to vote.

It has long been a truth in British politics that young people vote in lower numbers than older ones. In the last election in 2017, just over half of under-35s voted, compared to more than 70% of those over 60.

But that may be changing. According to U.K. government figures, 3.85 million people registered to vote between the day the election was called on October 29 and Tuesday's registration deadline - two-thirds of them under 35. The number of new registrations is almost a third higher than 2017.

University students were important targets for groups encouraging people to register to vote by the November 26 deadline and many campuses across the UK have been hosting hustings events to get students engaged with the election.

About 46 million people are eligible to vote in the December 12 election to fill all 650 seats in the House of Commons, including hundreds of thousands who were too young take part in the U.K.'s 2016 Brexit referendum.

While most opinion polls give Boris Johnson's Conservatives a substantial lead overall, the surge in new young voters is good news for Labour, which is seeking to defy the odds and win a general election for the first time since 2005.

Young voters are more likely than their older compatriots to oppose Brexit, which will end Britons' right to work and live in 27 other European nations and will have a major - though as yet unknown - economic impact.

While some analysts are forecasting an electoral "youthquake", others are cautious. This is a rare December election, and turnout could suffer if December 12 is a wet, cold day. It's also difficult to know how much of voters' decision will be motivated by Brexit and how much by domestic issues.

"At this point I'm kind of sick of Brexit," said Susie Chilver, a first-year politics student at the University of Bristol in southwest England. "So, the things that are swaying it for me are things like social housing, and like healthcare, things like that, more like social issues than foreign policy."

Dr Jess Garland, Director of Policy and Research at the Electoral Reform Society, also says that because a lot of university seats changed party hands in 2017, we might not see another shift this time

Konstantinos Matakos, senior lecturer in the department of political economy at King's College London, said there is an assumption that young voters are "leaning more Labour." But he says their geographical spread - and whether they show up on polling day - will ultimately determine their impact on the outcome.

"It's not a straightforward assumption to say that this surge in the registration rates will undoubtedly benefit Labour in terms of gaining electoral seats," he said.

Bristol - 22 November 2019

1. Wide of Park Street looking up towards Bristol University's Wills Memorial Building

2. People walking up street toward Wills Memorial Building

3. Various of students in student union cafe

4. Student union representative Hillary Gyebi-Ababio (left) and Jason Palmer, students union officer and former student, talking in cafe

5. SOUNDBITE (English) Jason Palmer, students union officer:

"I think a lot of this comes from the discontent that's previously experienced in terms of young people feeling that their voices don't matter in politics or that they didn't have a say, for example in the 2016 Brexit referendum, and as a result of that there seems to be this movement of young people just invested in the future of this country."

6. SOUNDBITE (English) Hillary Gyebi-Ababio, graduate and student rep in union:

"I think on top of my list is Brexit and then following that the NHS (health service) and education. Those 3 things are the trifecta of what is ultimately shaping the future for all of us and if we don't sort out the Brexit then our NHS, our education our social care gets neglected and I don't want to see that happen especially for my future and the future of those that come after me."

7. Cutaway of students

8. SOUNDBITE (English) Susie Chilver, first year politics student:

"I've kind of come to realise that there's so much else that's going on in our country that is also as important. And at this point I'm kind of sick of Brexit. So, the things that are swaying it for me are things like social housing, and like healthcare, things like that, more like social issues than foreign policy, I guess."

9. Various of Bristol Student Union political hustings event

London - 28 November 2019

10. Wide of Dr Jess Garland, Director of Policy and Research at the Electoral Reform Society

11. Close of Electoral Reform Society banner

12. SOUNDBITE (English) Dr Jess Garland, Director of Policy and Research at the Electoral Reform Society:

"In the campaign period overall 3.8 million people have registered to vote, that compares to a million more than the same campaign period in 2017, so we've seen a huge surge, and a large part of that is people who are under 34, so about 60-70% of those registrations are people under 34."

13. Close of hands

14. SOUNDBITE (English) Dr Jess Garland, Director of Policy and Research at the Electoral Reform Society:

"Well, we saw in 2017 that some key university seats did change party and lots of people said that this was because of younger people, students, going out to vote. Now, are we going to see the same this year, I'm not so sure, because of course we're having a December election for the first time in 100 years and most of those university students will be at home, so potentially not voting in those university seats. Plus, those university seats changed party hands last year round, we might not see the shift again this year."

Bristol - 22 November 2019

15. Various of students at Bristol University promoting the Green Party

London - 28 November 2019

16. Wide of Konstantinos Matakos, Senior Lecturer of Economics at the Department of Political Economy at King's College London

17. Close of books

18. Close of Matakos

19. SOUNDBITE (English) Konstantinos Matakos, Senior Lecturer of Economics at the Department of Political Economy at King's College London:

"So there is an assumption now that the young people from the age of 18-25 are tilting, leaning, more Labour, but it is conditional on them showing up to vote, being registered to vote in marginal constituencies, and the geographical distribution of those who registered to vote, it's not a straightforward assumption to say that this surge in the registration rates will undoubtedly benefit Labour in terms of gaining electoral seats, gaining seats and having an advantage, or closing the gap with the Conservatives."

20. Close of hands

21. SOUNDBITE (English) Konstantinos Matakos, Senior Lecturer of Economics at the Department of Political Economy at King's College London:

"Given the higher registration rates one would anticipate that there should be some increase in turnout of this age group of newly eligible voters, but again I don't think that this is going to be on a massive proportion, on like double digits of increase in turnout in that particular group."

Bristol - 22 November 2019

22. Vote for your Future mobilising coordinator at event at Bristol University

23. Close of computer showing voter registration website

The uncertainty swirling around Britain's future relationship with the European Union is particularly acute at the University of Kent, which bills itself as the UK's European university because of its campus network in other EU countries.

Instead of nurturing a golden generation of students, fluent across cultures and able to work in every corner of the EU, the university is now home to a student body that's coming to terms with a very different set of future prospects.

Omolade Adedapo, 21, who's studying politics and is vice-president of the student union, says the total lack of clarity about Britain's future is causing students on campus to grapple with anxiety on a number of levels.

There's uncertainty about pretty much everything: funding levels for international students, freedom to travel and study at the university's campuses in Europe, and the right to live and work elsewhere in the EU.

Cristiano de Vita, 25, an Italian student studying foreign languages and literature, is concerned about the impact on his plans to do a PhD.

Professor Jeremy Carrette, Dean for Europe at the University of Kent, said students from other EU countries may suddenly find themselves classed as "international" students which would make them liable to much higher tuition fees.

Canterbury - 14 March 2019

1. Wide of students walking on the University of Kent campus

2. Close of University of Kent sign

3. Wide of students walking on the University of Kent campus

4. SOUNDBITE (English) Cristiano de Vita, 25; Italian student studying foreign languages and literature:

"In case of a hard Brexit, I am afraid there are going to be additional problems in trying to find a PhD opportunity here. Fortunately, this university is trying its best to give opportunities to students from Europe, but at this very moment it seems the priorities are to make the government agree on something, anything."

5. Wide of students walking on the University of Kent campus

6. Close of University of Kent sign board

7. Wide of students walking on the University of Kent campus

8. SOUNDBITE (English) Mizela Mulundo, 19; psychology student:

"Just the uncertainty of it all. We don't really know it will affect, because I am doing a year abroad, so I don't know how it will affect me in terms of health, we are protected by the EU in that way. So, I don't know."

9.  Wide pan of students on campus

10. Wide of the central campus of the University of Kent

11. Close of a sign: "Central Campus"

12. SOUNDBITE (English) Maja Kurantowicz, architecture student:

"My main concern is about getting a job as a student, for example, after Brexit happens. It is still not exactly clarified if I am going to have to get an NI (National Insurance) number or if I am going to have to show proof or if I will have to get a visa to work, and it is important for me to be able to support myself as a student later on."

13. Close of a sign: "Kent Union Advice Centre"

14. Various of James Osei-Anane, Student Advice administrator, working at his desk

15. SOUNDBITE (English) James Osei-Anane, 20; Student and Student Advice administrator at the University of Kent Union:

"If we do leave the EU, I will not be able to just go and study there, go and work there. I think it is very much a wasted opportunity if we do leave, and I very much don't want to leave."

16. Various of university campus

17. SOUNDBITE (English) Omolade Adedapo, 21; politics student and Vice President of Welfare at Kent Union:

"There is an uncertainty about what is going to happen when we leave, what's going to happen to students studying here, what's going to happen to European students if they want to come here to the UK. And it's just very, very confusing at the moment and I think that has placed a lot of anxiety for students on campus, but also a lot of European students as well who had plans to come to the UK, or UK students who had plans to go and study in Europe as well."

18. Voting placard for student union representatives

19. SOUNDBITE (English) Sasha Langeveldt, 21; philosophy student and Vice President of Activities for Kent Union:

"I think the free travel and the free movement, especially working in different countries, gave a lot of students the opportunity to expand their knowledge, their experience, as well as gaining something else from another culture. So, I think they are going to lose a lot of that, because of whatever is going to come from Brexit. As well as what Omolade (from shot 17) said, because there is no certainty, nobody knows what benefits or what outcomes. So I think it is going to be a shame."

20. SOUNDBITE (English) Professor Jeremy Carrette; Dean for Europe, University of Kent:

"We are potentially moving into a situation if we have no deal that those students who could have come here as part of the EU structure of Erasmus exchanges will no longer be able to come. They will move into the bracket of international students, not part of the EU home UK students' body. That will potentially have a fee implication. It may also have visa implications in terms of access to the systems that we have here, and health and support. Again, the system is unclear and until we have a clear position from our government and from the EU, that will remain unclear."

21. Various of students on campus

22. Wide of Canterbury cathedral in distance

Scotland's First Minister, Nicola Sturgeon, told a gathering at Stanford University that Britain's recent decision to leave the European Union will have a negative impact on Scotland, especially in the areas of trade, immigration and higher education.

"For Scotland, as for California, our universities are incredible cultural, social and economic assets," she said.

"One-sixth of our academic staff our EU citizens are from outside of the UK, so are one-sixth of our post-graduate students."

The Scottish leader supports independence from the United Kingdom, and she said Brexit forces her country to face a fundamental question, leaving Brexit against it's will, or separating from the United Kingdom.

"Independence combined with interdependence and equal partnership is the best way for us to build a fairer society at home and to make that positive contribution to the world," she said.

Palo Alto, California - 4 April 2017

1. Nicola Sturgeon walking on stage

2. Sturgeon and moderator in one-on-one interview

3. SOUNDBITE (English) Nicola Sturgeon, Scottish First Minister:

"Scotland, despite the arguments that were made in 2014 and despite how we voted in 2016, faces being forced to leave the European Union against our will. And what's even worse is that the UK is not just leaving the EU, there is a real danger they will leave the EU in the most damaging way possible."

4. Sturgeon and moderator

5. SOUNDBITE (English) Nicola Sturgeon, Scottish First Minister:

"For Scotland, as for California, our universities are incredible cultural, social and economic assets."

6. Sturgeon and moderator

7. SOUNDBITE (English) Nicola Sturgeon, Scottish First Minister:

"One-sixth of our academic staff our EU citizens are from outside of the UK, so are one-sixth of our post-graduate students."

8. Sturgeon and moderator

9. SOUNDBITE (English) Nicola Sturgeon, Scottish First Minister:

"Over the past 60 years, the European Union has built a single market and encouraged economic cooperation while developing common social standards for workers, that shared environmental standards. It has enabled independent neighbours to travel freely, while respecting the environment and protecting living standards. It has enabled us to work together on some of the world's biggest challenges, like climate change. Brexit puts all of that at risk and it forces Scotland to ask itself a fundamental question. Do we remain as we are, facing exit from the European Union where we are able to take part in all of that collaboration, exit against our will at the hand of a United Kingdom that is determined to curb immigration at the expense of many other things, or do we choose instead to become an independent country with all the opportunities and challenges that it will undoubtedly entail, but with the freedom that it will give us to be an independent partner with other countries across the British Isles, Europe and the wider world. My own view as a supporter of independence is that we will choose the second course, independence combined with interdependence and equal partnership is the best way for us to build a fairer society at home and to make that positive contribution to the world."

10. End of interview