Germany hopes Britain can remain in the European Union (EU), as the country’s head of state and many political analysts have called.

During a joint press conference after the talks with Slovakian Prime Minister Robert Fico a week ago in Berlin, the German Chancellor Angela Merkel said: “All aspects of the EU’s domestic market, and the benefits shared by all EU members, will no longer be available for Britain if it votes to leave. All forms of negotiations conducted by the EU, which is on behalf of all its 28 members will become the negotiations between the 27 members and a third party. I can hardly imagine what benefit would come out of this.”

Describing Britain as “a powerful partner and ally” to Germany in the EU, Tanja Boerzel, a professor with the school of politics of the Free University of Berlin, said that possible Brexit will disintegrate the EU, a scenario Germany does not want to witness, especially at a time when the EU is struggling with economic and political challenges.

"Britain’s referendum can’t be taken out of the context of what is happening in Europe, or even in the whole world. It is in relation to the fear of globalization. People worry about declining social status, living standards and cultural identification. However, these are the challenges that can’t be avoided in globalization, and the integration of Europe has been widely regarded as part of globalization," said Boerzel.

If Britain leaves the bloc, Germany will become the biggest victim of it, according to Boerzel.

"Southern European countries led by France stress on government’s interference to market, while German and Britain pursue free market. If Britain leaves the EU, Germany will lose an important partner in terms of economic perspectives and policies on national budget and expenditure. Compared with France, Germany shares more consensuses with Britain when it comes to economic policies," she said.

Some experts predicted that the UK would continue its membership in the European Economic Area (EEA) to continue its free trading with other EU members if it leaves the bloc. Boerzel, however, said the move is actually not the best option for the UK.

"The current problem is that how can the British government convince its people that it is a wise decision to stay inside the domestic market by accessing into the EEA after Brexit. However, that means Britain must join the Schengen area and must follow a lot more rules than the existing ones in domestic market, in other words, the excuses and reasons Britain has used to back up Brexit will eventually lead to heavier burden for Britain in the future," said Boerzel.

A public opinion poll conducted in Germany has shown that 58 percent of the German citizens who took part in the poll voted against Brexit, while only seven percent of the participants voted in favor.

Germany hopes Britain can remain in the European Union (EU), as the country’s head of state and many political analysts have called.

During a joint press conference after the talks with Slovakian Prime Minister Robert Fico a week ago in Berlin, the German Chancellor Angela Merkel said: “All aspects of the EU’s domestic market, and the benefits shared by all EU members, will no longer be available for Britain if it votes to leave. All forms of negotiations conducted by the EU, which is on behalf of all its 28 members will become the negotiations between the 27 members and a third party. I can hardly imagine what benefit would come out of this.”

Describing Britain as “a powerful partner and ally” to Germany in the EU, Tanja Boerzel, a professor with the school of politics of the Free University of Berlin, said that possible Brexit will disintegrate the EU, a scenario Germany does not want to witness, especially at a time when the EU is struggling with economic and political challenges.

"Britain’s referendum can’t be taken out of the context of what is happening in Europe, or even in the whole world. It is in relation to the fear of globalization. People worry about declining social status, living standards and cultural identification. However, these are the challenges that can’t be avoided in globalization, and the integration of Europe has been widely regarded as part of globalization," said Boerzel.

If Britain leaves the bloc, Germany will become the biggest victim of it, according to Boerzel.

"Southern European countries led by France stress on government’s interference to market, while German and Britain pursue free market. If Britain leaves the EU, Germany will lose an important partner in terms of economic perspectives and policies on national budget and expenditure. Compared with France, Germany shares more consensuses with Britain when it comes to economic policies," she said.

Some experts predicted that the UK would continue its membership in the European Economic Area (EEA) to continue its free trading with other EU members if it leaves the bloc. Boerzel, however, said the move is actually not the best option for the UK.

"The current problem is that how can the British government convince its people that it is a wise decision to stay inside the domestic market by accessing into the EEA after Brexit. However, that means Britain must join the Schengen area and must follow a lot more rules than the existing ones in domestic market, in other words, the excuses and reasons Britain has used to back up Brexit will eventually lead to heavier burden for Britain in the future," said Boerzel.

A public opinion poll conducted in Germany has shown that 58 percent of the German citizens who took part in the poll voted against Brexit, while only seven percent of the participants voted in favor.

Germany hopes Britain can remain in the European Union (EU), as the country’s head of state and many political analysts have called.

During a joint press conference after the talks with Slovakian Prime Minister Robert Fico a week ago in Berlin, the German Chancellor Angela Merkel said: “All aspects of the EU’s domestic market, and the benefits shared by all EU members, will no longer be available for Britain if it votes to leave. All forms of negotiations conducted by the EU, which is on behalf of all its 28 members will become the negotiations between the 27 members and a third party. I can hardly imagine what benefit would come out of this.”

Describing Britain as “a powerful partner and ally” to Germany in the EU, Tanja Boerzel, a professor with the school of politics of the Free University of Berlin, said that possible Brexit will disintegrate the EU, a scenario Germany does not want to witness, especially at a time when the EU is struggling with economic and political challenges.

"Britain’s referendum can’t be taken out of the context of what is happening in Europe, or even in the whole world. It is in relation to the fear of globalization. People worry about declining social status, living standards and cultural identification. However, these are the challenges that can’t be avoided in globalization, and the integration of Europe has been widely regarded as part of globalization," said Boerzel.

If Britain leaves the bloc, Germany will become the biggest victim of it, according to Boerzel.

"Southern European countries led by France stress on government’s interference to market, while German and Britain pursue free market. If Britain leaves the EU, Germany will lose an important partner in terms of economic perspectives and policies on national budget and expenditure. Compared with France, Germany shares more consensuses with Britain when it comes to economic policies," she said.

Some experts predicted that the UK would continue its membership in the European Economic Area (EEA) to continue its free trading with other EU members if it leaves the bloc. Boerzel, however, said the move is actually not the best option for the UK.

"The current problem is that how can the British government convince its people that it is a wise decision to stay inside the domestic market by accessing into the EEA after Brexit. However, that means Britain must join the Schengen area and must follow a lot more rules than the existing ones in domestic market, in other words, the excuses and reasons Britain has used to back up Brexit will eventually lead to heavier burden for Britain in the future," said Boerzel.

A public opinion poll conducted in Germany has shown that 58 percent of the German citizens who took part in the poll voted against Brexit, while only seven percent of the participants voted in favor.

Germany hopes Britain can remain in the European Union (EU), as the country’s head of state and many political analysts have called.

During a joint press conference after the talks with Slovakian Prime Minister Robert Fico a week ago in Berlin, the German Chancellor Angela Merkel said: “All aspects of the EU’s domestic market, and the benefits shared by all EU members, will no longer be available for Britain if it votes to leave. All forms of negotiations conducted by the EU, which is on behalf of all its 28 members will become the negotiations between the 27 members and a third party. I can hardly imagine what benefit would come out of this.”

Describing Britain as “a powerful partner and ally” to Germany in the EU, Tanja Boerzel, a professor with the school of politics of the Free University of Berlin, said that possible Brexit will disintegrate the EU, a scenario Germany does not want to witness, especially at a time when the EU is struggling with economic and political challenges.

"Britain’s referendum can’t be taken out of the context of what is happening in Europe, or even in the whole world. It is in relation to the fear of globalization. People worry about declining social status, living standards and cultural identification. However, these are the challenges that can’t be avoided in globalization, and the integration of Europe has been widely regarded as part of globalization," said Boerzel.

If Britain leaves the bloc, Germany will become the biggest victim of it, according to Boerzel.

"Southern European countries led by France stress on government’s interference to market, while German and Britain pursue free market. If Britain leaves the EU, Germany will lose an important partner in terms of economic perspectives and policies on national budget and expenditure. Compared with France, Germany shares more consensuses with Britain when it comes to economic policies," she said.

Some experts predicted that the UK would continue its membership in the European Economic Area (EEA) to continue its free trading with other EU members if it leaves the bloc. Boerzel, however, said the move is actually not the best option for the UK.

"The current problem is that how can the British government convince its people that it is a wise decision to stay inside the domestic market by accessing into the EEA after Brexit. However, that means Britain must join the Schengen area and must follow a lot more rules than the existing ones in domestic market, in other words, the excuses and reasons Britain has used to back up Brexit will eventually lead to heavier burden for Britain in the future," said Boerzel.

A public opinion poll conducted in Germany has shown that 58 percent of the German citizens who took part in the poll voted against Brexit, while only seven percent of the participants voted in favor.

Berlin, Germany - June 16, 2016

1. German Chancellor Angela Merkel, Slovakian Prime Minister Robert Fico at joint press conference

2. SOUNDBITE (German) Angela Merkel, German Chancellor:

"All aspects of the EU’s domestic market, and the benefits shared by all EU members, will no longer be available for Britain if it votes to leave. All forms of negotiations conducted by the EU, which is on behalf of all its 28 members will become the negotiations between the 27 members and a third party. I can hardly imagine what benefit would come out of this.”

Berlin, Germany - June 22, 2016

3. Various of German, EU flags

4. SOUNDBITE (German) Tanja Boerzel, professor, school of politics, Free University of Berlin:

"Britain’s referendum can’t be taken out of the context of what is happening in Europe, or even in the whole world. It is in relation to the fear of globalization. People worry about declining social status, living standards and cultural identification. However, these are the challenges that can’t be avoided in globalization, and the integration of Europe has been widely regarded as part of globalization."

London, UK - June 15, 2016

5. Various of Brexit supporters campaigning on the Thames

Berlin, Germany - June 22, 2016

6. SOUNDBITE (German) Tanja Boerzel, professor, school of politics, Free University of Berlin:

"Southern European countries led by France stress on government’s interference to market, while German and Britain pursue free market. If Britain leaves the EU, Germany will lose an important partner in terms of economic perspectives and policies on national budget and expenditure. Compared with France, Germany shares more consensuses with Britain when it comes to economic policies."

London, UK - June 15, 2016

7. Various of Brexit supporters campaigning on the Thames

Berlin, Germany - June 22, 2016

8. SOUNDBITE (German) Tanja Boerzel, professor, school of politics, Free University of Berlin:

"The current problem is that how can the British government convince its people that it is a wise decision to stay inside the domestic market by accessing into the EEA after Brexit. However, that means Britain must join the Schengen area and must follow a lot more rules than the existing ones in domestic market, in other words, the excuses and reasons Britain has used to back up Brexit will eventually lead to heavier burden for Britain in the future."

London, UK - June 15, 2016

9. Various of people demonstrating over bridge

As UK's Prime Minister Theresa May wants to start Britain's divorce from the European Union (EU), eleven judges may stand in her way.

On Monday, May's government will ask the justices of the Supreme Court to overturn a ruling that Parliament must hold a vote before Britain's exit negotiations can begin, a case that has raised a constitutional quandary and inflamed the country's heated debate about Brexit.

May plans to trigger two years of divorce talks before the end of March 2017 by invoking Article 50 of the EU's key treaty, using centuries-old government powers known as royal prerogative.

The powers - traditionally held by the monarch but now used by politicians - enable decisions about joining or leaving international treaties to be made without a vote of Parliament.

A hairdresser and a financial entrepreneur, Deir Dos Santos and Gina Miller, went to court to argue that leaving the EU will remove some of their rights, including free movement within the bloc, and that shouldn't be done without Parliament's approval.

Last month, three High Court judges agreed, but the government says they have misinterpreted the law.

Government lawyers led by Attorney General Jeremy Wright will argue this week that the British people have spoken by voting in a June 23 referendum to leave the EU.

In written arguments published before Monday's hearing, government lawyers say the use of royal prerogative to start the talks is "constitutionally appropriate and lawful."

Many legal experts say the government will likely lose its appeal and be forced to give Parliament a vote, but the government was left with little choice than to proceed with the case anyway.

"It's politically problematic, I think, to be seen to not pursue all legal avenues to obstruct this attempt to, in the eyes of some critics, derail the Brexit process," says Jeff King, Professor of Law, University College London.

In a reflection of the constitutional importance of the case - which hinges on the balance of power between Parliament and the executive - all 11 Supreme Court judges will hear the appeal, the first time the full court has sat since it was founded in 2009.

The case is scheduled to last four days, with a ruling likely in January.

Complicating the picture are new participants including the Scottish government, which argues the Edinburgh-based Scottish Parliament should get a vote, too.

Britons voted by 52 to 48 percent on June 23 to leave the EU, but voters in Scotland strongly backed staying in, and the Scottish government says they should not be dragged out of the EU against their will.

London - 1 December 2016

1. Exterior of UK Supreme Court building, traffic on street

2. Close of symbol reading (English): "The Supreme Court"

3. Various exteriors of Supreme Court building

4. Various of Jeff King, Professor of Law, University College London, looking at book

5. SOUNDBITE (English) Jeff King, Professor of Law, University College London:

"Well, I think that there are two reasons probably (why the government appealed the High Court ruling that Parliament must hold a vote before negotiations of Britain's exit from the European Union can begin). The first is that it was very confident that it would win at the beginning, and I think it's reluctant to move from that position of confidence. And secondly, it's politically problematic, I think, to be seen to not pursue all legal avenues to obstruct this attempt to, in the eyes of some critics, derail the Brexit process."

6. Cutaway of King

7. SOUNDBITE (English) Jeff King, Professor of Law, University College London:

"The reaction in some of the media (to the government's loss in the High Court), in particular in the Daily Mail and the Daily Express was, I would say, outrageous. It has been common to criticise judges in the past and I think criticism of judges is perfectly acceptable - they are public officials after all, but this type of language, 'Enemies of the people' (Daily Mail headline the day after the ruling) reminded me of the kinds of things we saw in Nazi Germany."

8. Cutaway of King

9. SOUNDBITE (English) Jeff King, Professor of Law, University College London:

"This is quintessentially a role for judges to play. It's an unclear legal position. The devolved governments don't agree, many members of parliament don't agree. There needs to be an authoritative ruling on what the role of these statutes is in the Brexit process, and that can only be given by a court."

10. Cutaway of King

11. SOUNDBITE (English) Jeff King, Professor of Law, University College London:

"I think that a government loss at the Supreme Court would not derail the Brexit process, but I also think it would be more than a mere speed bump because having to bring forward legislation to give notice would mean that there would be a participation of a much broader range of voices, both in Parliament and in the devolved legislatures and among the devolved governments. And when these voices are heard there is a political obligation of sorts to respond to these voices, to take them into account, to not proceed in a way that ignores them altogether, and I think that will make a difference to the outcome of the Brexit process, but I don't think it will stop it."

12. Cutaway of King

13. Pan of books

14. Various exteriors of Houses of Parliament

As the polls for the referendum on whether the UK should exit the European Union close, students and professors in British universities remain sharply divided over whether to stay or leave the EU.

For cities in the eastern part of England such as Oxford where there is a comparatively larger percentage of college students, many people are in favor of Britain remaining part of the EU.

"Actually I really believe in the European Union Project. You can't really underestimate the importance of the European Project and the values that it stands for. And I really believe in it," said a student from the University of Oxford.

"For me, it is more than the policy itself -- like how it's going to be for the economy. You are just voting on an ideology and how you view the world, and I'm of the opinion that sort of being collected and being culturally integrated in the world is a good thing. That's why I'm voting to remain," said another student from the university.

Signs with slogans for staying and leaving could be seen almost everywhere on the streets of downtown Oxford, while students were busy encouraging people to go to the voting centers to cast their ballots on Thursday.

Despite large support for staying, some students said they support the alternative.

"You could make the argument here that one should try to stay and reform the EU, but we've tried to do that for 40 years. We've tried to changed the EU and we failed. So I think there's really no option left but to leave in that regard," said a Brexit supporter.

The presidents of 103 British universities, including Oxford University and Cambridge University, have recently published a joint signed letter to express their support for Britain's continued membership of the EU, as they believe Brexit will make the UK lose its status as a global leader in the research field.

"As a person who is working at a British university in the University of Oxford -- which is one of the preeminent British universities -- I hope for that as well that we'll (the UK) will stay in the European Union to continue and benefit both from the funding but also from exchanges with all the other European partners and the rest of the world. I mean that being in the EU also creates opportunities for wider connections with the rest of the world," said Professor Antonios Tzanakopoulos,an associate professor of Public International Law at the University of Oxford.

As the polls for the referendum on whether the UK should exit the European Union close, students and professors in British universities remain sharply divided over whether to stay or leave the EU.

For cities in the eastern part of England such as Oxford where there is a comparatively larger percentage of college students, many people are in favor of Britain remaining part of the EU.

"Actually I really believe in the European Union Project. You can't really underestimate the importance of the European Project and the values that it stands for. And I really believe in it," said a student from the University of Oxford.

"For me, it is more than the policy itself -- like how it's going to be for the economy. You are just voting on an ideology and how you view the world, and I'm of the opinion that sort of being collected and being culturally integrated in the world is a good thing. That's why I'm voting to remain," said another student from the university.

Signs with slogans for staying and leaving could be seen almost everywhere on the streets of downtown Oxford, while students were busy encouraging people to go to the voting centers to cast their ballots on Thursday.

Despite large support for staying, some students said they support the alternative.

"You could make the argument here that one should try to stay and reform the EU, but we've tried to do that for 40 years. We've tried to changed the EU and we failed. So I think there's really no option left but to leave in that regard," said a Brexit supporter.

The presidents of 103 British universities, including Oxford University and Cambridge University, have recently published a joint signed letter to express their support for Britain's continued membership of the EU, as they believe Brexit will make the UK lose its status as a global leader in the research field.

"As a person who is working at a British university in the University of Oxford -- which is one of the preeminent British universities -- I hope for that as well that we'll (the UK) will stay in the European Union to continue and benefit both from the funding but also from exchanges with all the other European partners and the rest of the world. I mean that being in the EU also creates opportunities for wider connections with the rest of the world," said Professor Antonios Tzanakopoulos,an associate professor of Public International Law at the University of Oxford.

Oxford, UK - June 23, 2016

1. Various of people outside of polling station

2. SOUNDBITE (English) Voter (no name given):

"Actually I really believe in the European Union Project. You can't really underestimate the importance of the European Project and the values that it stands for. And I really believe in it."

3. Various of people outside of polling station

4. SOUNDBITE (English) Voter (no name given):

"For me, it is more than the policy itself -- like how it's going to be for the economy. You are just voting on an ideology and how you view the world, and I'm of the opinion that sort of being collected and being culturally integrated in the world is a good thing. That's why I'm voting to remain."

5. Various of people holding "remain", "leave" placards on streets

6. SOUNDBITE (English) Voter (no name given):

"You could make the argument here that one should try to stay and reform the EU, but we've tried to do that for 40 years. We've tried to change the EU and we failed. So I think there's really no option left but to leave in that regard."

7. Various of University of Oxford

8. SOUNDBITE (English) Professor Antonios Tzanakopoulos, associate professor of Public International Law, University of Oxford:

"As a person who is working at a British university in the University of Oxford -- which is one of the preeminent British universities -- I hope for that as well that we'll (the UK) will stay in the European Union to continue and benefit both from the funding but also from exchanges with all the other European partners and the rest of the world. I mean that being in the EU also creates opportunities for wider connections with the rest of the world."

9. University of Oxford

UK MEDICAL BREXIT

SOURCE: AP HORIZONS, LIFESTYLE, HEALTH AND TECHNOLOGY

RESTRICTIONS: HORIZONS CLIENTS AND AP LIFESTYLE, HEALTH AND TECHNOLOGY CLIENTS ONLY

LENGTH: 6.33

SHOTLIST:

London, UK - 7 July 2016

1. Various CT scans showing liver cancer pre and post therapy to illustrate the relationship between tumours and glucose

2. Mid of Professor Xavier Golay looking at scans in his MRI lab at the UCL Institute of Neurology

3. Various of Golay and researcher looking at scans

4. Close of tumour in rat highlighted by non radioactive glucose

5. SOUNDBITE: (English) Xavier Golay, professor of neurophysics, UCL Institute of Neurology

"I've heard of at least two, three very senior people who've said okay right, now I'm taking all my grant with me and I'm going back to Germany, Switzerland, France because actually, in that way, they know they'll still have access and it's not only access to funding because the funding is great in this country, it is really good. It's really (about) access to funding and this opportunity to collaborate."

6. Close of autistic teenager Rens Van Velzen answering questions testing his cognitive and executive function at Kings College London

7. Close of psychologist Hannah Hayward asking questions

8. Mid of Velzen ticking off words he understands

9. Various of Velzen watching next task being set up

10. Mid of Velzen touching laptop screen to pick out the emotion displayed on the photo on the monitor

11. Close of Velzen touching the word "Cautious"

12. Close of touch screen

13. Mid of Velzen watching screen observed by Hayward

14. Close of Velzen

15. SOUNDBITE: (English) Hannah Hayward psychologist, EU Aims (autism research project) Kings College London

"One can go on to a life where they never speak, they are highly affected and quite disabled. Another person can go on (to be) fully verbal and become a professor at Cambridge (University) and someone else can go on and live a full life with marriage and children, why does that happen? Why does it affect people so differently when it's effectively the same condition? So we're trying to answer those questions, we're trying to understand why it affects different people in different ways and I think the thing that really attracted me to the project is because, we're trying to highlight the great skills and strengths in this group as well as the things that people find difficult."

16. Close of Hayward starting stopwatch

17. Close of cube pattern Velzen has to recreate

18. Close tilt down of Hayward observing

19. Close of Velzen

20. Close pan from pattern and blocks being constructed by Velzen

21. Mid of Velzen completing puzzle watched by Hayward

22. SOUNDBITE: (English) Rens Van Velzen, teenager in Kings College autisim research group

"Quite often when talking peer to peer, the other person can get frustrated with how I respond because they're (I'm) not responding the way that they're expecting me to respond as the people usually do. So quite often I don't pick up someone's annoyed, or that sort of thing. It's very hard to explain because I haven't had the experience of not having autism."

23. Various of Van Velzen completing other puzzles with black and yellow blocks

24. SOUNDBITE: (English) Hannah Hayward psychologist, EU Aims (autism research project) Kings College London

"Quite often there can be a lot of negativity around being diagnosed and living with the condition and in my work, I've worked with autism for twelve years, I have met some of the most skilled and highly intelligent people."

25. Various of Hayward attaching EEG wires to Van Velzen before eye tracking tests

26. SOUNDBITE: (English) Rens Van Velzen, teenager in Kings College autisim research group

"I think I'll work on either discovering more about our universe and our place in it, or working on ways to get to other parts of the universe."

27. Mid of monitor displaying photographs of facial expressions with options to pick the right description

28. Close of Van Velsen tapping keyboard

29. Mid of test continuing on monitor

30. SOUNDBITE: (English) Jose Van Velzen, Rens' mother (who is also a cognitive neuroscientist)

"It is sometimes challenging for Rens to keep track of what the person he's talking to is feeling and how he's being perceived. He's very much driven by telling things as they are, or how he sees them and of course in normal interaction, in normal relationships, you constantly monitor what the other person is thinking. That's definitely very challenging for him, and he is aware that this is one of his weaknesses he needs to work on he cannot always deal with it at that particular time and I think that is something in general that will make relationships and work environments quite a challenging place for him."

31. Mid rear view of Rens Van Velzen being shown photos in the eye tracking suite

32. Various of monitor

33. Various of Hayward carrying out tracking test

34. Hayward's monitor showing Rens Van Velzen responding to photographs

35. Mid rear view of Van Velzen watching animated patterns appear on screen

36. Various of Professor Declan Murphy lead scientist on the EU Aims study on autism

37. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Declan Murphy lead scientist, EU Aims study on autism, Kings College London

"It's virtually impossible for one country alone to recruit the amount of patients that you really need for a large scale, modern day trial, or study that's going to lead to reliable results. We increasingly recognise that big questions need big populations to come up with the right answers, and we simply cannot deliver the amount of patients for the amount of science from one centre from one country. For example, my work needs approximately a thousand individuals who are affected by autism. You couldn't recruit that from one centre, or from one country within a time frame that is meaningful, but we can do that by going to mulitple centres across Europe, working together and learning from eachother."

38. Mid rear view of Rens Van Velzen responding to picture during eyetracking test

39. Close of EEG reading on monitor

LEADIN:

Scientists controlling EU projects worth millions of dollars say the British exit from Europe risks the future of medical research, and may endanger future treatments for cancer and children.

Research projects at Kings and University Colleges in London rely on the collaboration of hundreds of doctors and multidisciplinary scientists across Europe - which could come under threat because of Brexit.

STORYLINE:

Precision medicine is changing the future for cancer patients.

This lab at University College London has devised a safer and simpler alternative to standard radioactive techniques of imaging tumours.

Professor Xavier Golay's team has discovered a way to make a tumour light up with a simple sugar solution.

Because the solution is not radioactive is doesn't carry the same side effects which make patients sick.

It means radiodlogists can see tumours in more detail and check them more frequently.

That in turn allows doctors to personalise drug treatments for the patient.

They can respond more quickly, seeing what works and what doesn't and that speed could save more lives.

The team here is about to begin a trial on the new imaging technique thanks to a six and a half million Euro grant from the European Union.

The whole university has 103-million Euros to fund medical and science projects over the next few years.

All currently funded projects will be allowed to complete - but it's what happens next that's vexing doctors and scientist who argue breakthroughs don't come to order at the end of one trial.

Golay says for the vast majority of scientists in Britain the result of the recent EU referendum - for the UK to exit - was a shock.

Golay says it's not just the money which will risk future projects like this.

His team - like most university and hospital research groups - comes from all over the European Union.

Collaboration on this imaging project is with other specialist scientists at the Max Planck Institute in Germany as well as other units including France and Italy.

He's already concerned about the future.

"I've heard of at least two, three very senior people who've said okay right, now I'm taking all my grant with me and I'm going back to Germany, Switzerland, France because actually, in that way, they know they'll still have access and it's not only access to funding because the funding is great in this country, it is really good. It's really (about) access to funding and this opportunity to collaborate."

At preschool age Rens Van Velzen's parents realised he was struggling with dyslexia, but when he went to school it became clear he was autistic.

Van Velzen, now a highly intelligent fifteen year old, is part of Europe's largest study into mental health disorder.

Here researchers like Hannah Haywood combine genetics, neuroimaging, cognitive testing and clinical assessments to try to discover what are the causes.

The research project called EU Aims is carried out here at Kings College London in collaboration with scientists in other centres of Europe.

Costing 32 million Euros it's also the biggest grant given to any one project.

Autism Spectrum Disorder is a developmental problem which affects the way people interact with the world around them.

People are affected differently and scientists want to understand why those differences occur.

Haywood says: "One can go on to a life where they never speak, they are highly affected and quite disabled. Another person can go on (to be) fully verbal and become a professor at Cambridge (University) and someone else can go on and live a full life with marriage and children, why does that happen? Why does it affect people so differently when it's effectively the same condition. So we're trying to answer those questions, we're trying to understand why it affects different people in different ways and I think the thing that really attracted me to the project is because, we're trying to highlight the great skills and strengths in this group as well as the things that people find difficult."

The goal is to identify biomarkers and develop drug treatments.

It's a long term study, but how long can it continue here and what happens to the research after the current funding ends in 2020?

Rens Van Velzen is already preparing for A-levels in maths, chemistry and physics.

But his autism means life outside the classroom is not always straightforward.

He explains: "Quite often when talking peer to peer, the other person can get frustrated with how I respond because they're (I'm) not responding the way that they're expecting me to respond as the people usually do. So quite often I don't pick up someone's annoyed, or that sort of thing. It's very hard to explain because I haven't had the experience of not having autism."

Haywood, like others on the team, is convinced the project must be protected and fears Britain leaving the EU will end large scale endeavours like this which progress more steadily because of the wide collaboration among doctors and scientists.

She says: "Quite often there can be a lot of negativity around being diagnosed and living with the condition and in my work, I've worked with autism for twelve years, I have met some of the most skilled and highly intelligent people."

Van Velzen has been part of the study since it started.

Now he's hoping for a career in astrophysics.

"I think I'll work on either discovering more about our universe and our place in it, or working on ways to get to other parts of the universe," says Van Velzen.

After completing puzzles in record time he goes on for tests in the eye tracking unit.

Studies have used eye-tracing technology to see how long autistic children spend looking at the social and non-social features in a series of images on pictures and videos like these.

Ren's mother Jose Van Velzen is a cognitive neuroscientist herself although she does not work on this project.

While she is confident about her son's academic success she worries about how he will cope with work and whether he will find happiness in personal relationships.

She says: "It is sometimes challenging for Rens to keep track of what the person he's talking to is feeling and how he's being perceived. He's very much driven by telling things as they are, or how he sees them and of course in normal interaction, in normal relationships you constantly monitor what the other person is thinking. That's definitely very challenging for him and he is aware that this is one of his weaknesses he needs to work on he cannot always deal with it at that particular time and I think that is something in general that will make relationships and work environments quite a challenging place for him."

According to scientists here this project is the first of it kind in the world developing the infrastructure which will underpin new treatments for autism.

There are hundreds of scientists involved in British research projects which are funded by the EU.

The lead scientist on the autism project at Kings is Professor Declan Murphy - and he too is concerned about what Brexit will mean.

He says:"It's virtually impossible for one country alone to recruit the amount of patients that you really need for a large scale, modern day trial, or study that's going to lead to reliable results. We increasingly recognise that big questions need big populations to come up with the right answers and we simply cannot deliver the amount of patients for the amount of science from one centre from one country. For Example my work needs approximately a thousand individuals who are affected by autism. You couldn't recruit that from one centre, or from one country within a time frame that is meaningful, but we can do that by going to mulitple centres across Europe, working together and learning from each other."

The EU's Horizon 2020 budget is 80-billion Euro which funds medicine and science research across Europe.

Britain's split from the EU will leave a funding gap as well as a brain drain according to Murphy and he argues it will be the children with autism who will lose out.

====

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UK MEDICAL BREXIT

SOURCE: AP TECHNOLOGY

RESTRICTIONS: TECHNOLOGY CLIENTS ONLY

LENGTH: 6.33

SHOTLIST:

London, UK - 7 July 2016

1. Various CT scans showing liver cancer pre and post therapy to illustrate the relationship between tumours and glucose

2. Mid of Professor Xavier Golay looking at scans in his MRI lab at the UCL Institute of Neurology

3. Various of Golay and researcher looking at scans

4. Close of tumour in rat highlighted by non radioactive glucose

5. SOUNDBITE: (English) Xavier Golay, professor of neurophysics, UCL Institute of Neurology

"I've heard of at least two, three very senior people who've said okay right, now I'm taking all my grant with me and I'm going back to Germany, Switzerland, France because actually, in that way, they know they'll still have access and it's not only access to funding because the funding is great in this country, it is really good. It's really (about) access to funding and this opportunity to collaborate."

6. Close of autistic teenager Rens Van Velzen answering questions testing his cognitive and executive function at Kings College London

7. Close of psychologist Hannah Hayward asking questions

8. Mid of Velzen ticking off words he understands

9. Various of Velzen watching next task being set up

10. Mid of Velzen touching laptop screen to pick out the emotion displayed on the photo on the monitor

11. Close of Velzen touching the word "Cautious"

12. Close of touch screen

13. Mid of Velzen watching screen observed by Hayward

14. Close of Velzen

15. SOUNDBITE: (English) Hannah Hayward psychologist, EU Aims (autism research project) Kings College London

"One can go on to a life where they never speak, they are highly affected and quite disabled. Another person can go on (to be) fully verbal and become a professor at Cambridge (University) and someone else can go on and live a full life with marriage and children, why does that happen? Why does it affect people so differently when it's effectively the same condition? So we're trying to answer those questions, we're trying to understand why it affects different people in different ways and I think the thing that really attracted me to the project is because, we're trying to highlight the great skills and strengths in this group as well as the things that people find difficult."

16. Close of Hayward starting stopwatch

17. Close of cube pattern Velzen has to recreate

18. Close tilt down of Hayward observing

19. Close of Velzen

20. Close pan from pattern and blocks being constructed by Velzen

21. Mid of Velzen completing puzzle watched by Hayward

22. SOUNDBITE: (English) Rens Van Velzen, teenager in Kings College autisim research group

"Quite often when talking peer to peer, the other person can get frustrated with how I respond because they're (I'm) not responding the way that they're expecting me to respond as the people usually do. So quite often I don't pick up someone's annoyed, or that sort of thing. It's very hard to explain because I haven't had the experience of not having autism."

23. Various of Van Velzen completing other puzzles with black and yellow blocks

24. SOUNDBITE: (English) Hannah Hayward psychologist, EU Aims (autism research project) Kings College London

"Quite often there can be a lot of negativity around being diagnosed and living with the condition and in my work, I've worked with autism for twelve years, I have met some of the most skilled and highly intelligent people."

25. Various of Hayward attaching EEG wires to Van Velzen before eye tracking tests

26. SOUNDBITE: (English) Rens Van Velzen, teenager in Kings College autisim research group

"I think I'll work on either discovering more about our universe and our place in it, or working on ways to get to other parts of the universe."

27. Mid of monitor displaying photographs of facial expressions with options to pick the right description

28. Close of Van Velsen tapping keyboard

29. Mid of test continuing on monitor

30. SOUNDBITE: (English) Jose Van Velzen, Rens' mother (who is also a cognitive neuroscientist)

"It is sometimes challenging for Rens to keep track of what the person he's talking to is feeling and how he's being perceived. He's very much driven by telling things as they are, or how he sees them and of course in normal interaction, in normal relationships, you constantly monitor what the other person is thinking. That's definitely very challenging for him, and he is aware that this is one of his weaknesses he needs to work on he cannot always deal with it at that particular time and I think that is something in general that will make relationships and work environments quite a challenging place for him."

31. Mid rear view of Rens Van Velzen being shown photos in the eye tracking suite

32. Various of monitor

33. Various of Hayward carrying out tracking test

34. Hayward's monitor showing Rens Van Velzen responding to photographs

35. Mid rear view of Van Velzen watching animated patterns appear on screen

36. Various of Professor Declan Murphy lead scientist on the EU Aims study on autism

37. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Declan Murphy lead scientist, EU Aims study on autism, Kings College London

"It's virtually impossible for one country alone to recruit the amount of patients that you really need for a large scale, modern day trial, or study that's going to lead to reliable results. We increasingly recognise that big questions need big populations to come up with the right answers, and we simply cannot deliver the amount of patients for the amount of science from one centre from one country. For example, my work needs approximately a thousand individuals who are affected by autism. You couldn't recruit that from one centre, or from one country within a time frame that is meaningful, but we can do that by going to mulitple centres across Europe, working together and learning from eachother."

38. Mid rear view of Rens Van Velzen responding to picture during eyetracking test

39. Close of EEG reading on monitor

LEADIN:

Scientists controlling EU projects worth millions of dollars say the British exit from Europe risks the future of medical research, and may endanger future treatments for cancer and children.

Research projects at Kings and University Colleges in London rely on the collaboration of hundreds of doctors and multidisciplinary scientists across Europe - which could come under threat because of Brexit.

STORYLINE:

Precision medicine is changing the future for cancer patients.

This lab at University College London has devised a safer and simpler alternative to standard radioactive techniques of imaging tumours.

Professor Xavier Golay's team has discovered a way to make a tumour light up with a simple sugar solution.

Because the solution is not radioactive is doesn't carry the same side effects which make patients sick.

It means radiodlogists can see tumours in more detail and check them more frequently.

That in turn allows doctors to personalise drug treatments for the patient.

They can respond more quickly, seeing what works and what doesn't and that speed could save more lives.

The team here is about to begin a trial on the new imaging technique thanks to a six and a half million Euro grant from the European Union.

The whole university has 103-million Euros to fund medical and science projects over the next few years.

All currently funded projects will be allowed to complete - but it's what happens next that's vexing doctors and scientist who argue breakthroughs don't come to order at the end of one trial.

Golay says for the vast majority of scientists in Britain the result of the recent EU referendum - for the UK to exit - was a shock.

Golay says it's not just the money which will risk future projects like this.

His team - like most university and hospital research groups - comes from all over the European Union.

Collaboration on this imaging project is with other specialist scientists at the Max Planck Institute in Germany as well as other units including France and Italy.

He's already concerned about the future.

"I've heard of at least two, three very senior people who've said okay right, now I'm taking all my grant with me and I'm going back to Germany, Switzerland, France because actually, in that way, they know they'll still have access and it's not only access to funding because the funding is great in this country, it is really good. It's really (about) access to funding and this opportunity to collaborate."

At preschool age Rens Van Velzen's parents realised he was struggling with dyslexia, but when he went to school it became clear he was autistic.

Van Velzen, now a highly intelligent fifteen year old, is part of Europe's largest study into mental health disorder.

Here researchers like Hannah Haywood combine genetics, neuroimaging, cognitive testing and clinical assessments to try to discover what are the causes.

The research project called EU Aims is carried out here at Kings College London in collaboration with scientists in other centres of Europe.

Costing 32 million Euros it's also the biggest grant given to any one project.

Autism Spectrum Disorder is a developmental problem which affects the way people interact with the world around them.

People are affected differently and scientists want to understand why those differences occur.

Haywood says: "One can go on to a life where they never speak, they are highly affected and quite disabled. Another person can go on (to be) fully verbal and become a professor at Cambridge (University) and someone else can go on and live a full life with marriage and children, why does that happen? Why does it affect people so differently when it's effectively the same condition. So we're trying to answer those questions, we're trying to understand why it affects different people in different ways and I think the thing that really attracted me to the project is because, we're trying to highlight the great skills and strengths in this group as well as the things that people find difficult."

The goal is to identify biomarkers and develop drug treatments.

It's a long term study, but how long can it continue here and what happens to the research after the current funding ends in 2020?

Rens Van Velzen is already preparing for A-levels in maths, chemistry and physics.

But his autism means life outside the classroom is not always straightforward.

He explains: "Quite often when talking peer to peer, the other person can get frustrated with how I respond because they're (I'm) not responding the way that they're expecting me to respond as the people usually do. So quite often I don't pick up someone's annoyed, or that sort of thing. It's very hard to explain because I haven't had the experience of not having autism."

Haywood, like others on the team, is convinced the project must be protected and fears Britain leaving the EU will end large scale endeavours like this which progress more steadily because of the wide collaboration among doctors and scientists.

She says: "Quite often there can be a lot of negativity around being diagnosed and living with the condition and in my work, I've worked with autism for twelve years, I have met some of the most skilled and highly intelligent people."

Van Velzen has been part of the study since it started.

Now he's hoping for a career in astrophysics.

"I think I'll work on either discovering more about our universe and our place in it, or working on ways to get to other parts of the universe," says Van Velzen.

After completing puzzles in record time he goes on for tests in the eye tracking unit.

Studies have used eye-tracing technology to see how long autistic children spend looking at the social and non-social features in a series of images on pictures and videos like these.

Ren's mother Jose Van Velzen is a cognitive neuroscientist herself although she does not work on this project.

While she is confident about her son's academic success she worries about how he will cope with work and whether he will find happiness in personal relationships.

She says: "It is sometimes challenging for Rens to keep track of what the person he's talking to is feeling and how he's being perceived. He's very much driven by telling things as they are, or how he sees them and of course in normal interaction, in normal relationships you constantly monitor what the other person is thinking. That's definitely very challenging for him and he is aware that this is one of his weaknesses he needs to work on he cannot always deal with it at that particular time and I think that is something in general that will make relationships and work environments quite a challenging place for him."

According to scientists here this project is the first of it kind in the world developing the infrastructure which will underpin new treatments for autism.

There are hundreds of scientists involved in British research projects which are funded by the EU.

The lead scientist on the autism project at Kings is Professor Declan Murphy - and he too is concerned about what Brexit will mean.

He says:"It's virtually impossible for one country alone to recruit the amount of patients that you really need for a large scale, modern day trial, or study that's going to lead to reliable results. We increasingly recognise that big questions need big populations to come up with the right answers and we simply cannot deliver the amount of patients for the amount of science from one centre from one country. For Example my work needs approximately a thousand individuals who are affected by autism. You couldn't recruit that from one centre, or from one country within a time frame that is meaningful, but we can do that by going to mulitple centres across Europe, working together and learning from each other."

The EU's Horizon 2020 budget is 80-billion Euro which funds medicine and science research across Europe.

Britain's split from the EU will leave a funding gap as well as a brain drain according to Murphy and he argues it will be the children with autism who will lose out.

====

Clients are reminded:

(i) to check the terms of their licence agreements for use of content outside news programming and that further advice and assistance can be obtained from the AP Archive on: Tel +44 (0) 20 7482 7482 Email: info@aparchive.com.

(ii) they should check with the applicable collecting society in their Territory regarding the clearance of any sound recording or performance included within the AP Television News service

(iii) they have editorial responsibility for the use of all and any content included within the AP Television News service and for libel, privacy, compliance and third party rights applicable to their Territory.

British voters are deciding in a June 23 referendum on whether or not to leave the European Union with business owners, employers and analysts in disagreement as to how a so-called 'Brexit' may impact the jobs market.

Unemployment nearly across the 28-nation bloc stands at over 10 percent, almost double the UK rate.

Those in the remain camp argue that over three million jobs in the UK are linked to trade with the EU and point to massive investment from Europe into the Britain.

The EU has guaranteed workers' rights in the UK with guaranteed holiday pay, paid maternity and increased protection in the work place.

Many of UK's trade unions, major businesses and almost all the city say that a leave vote would have major negative repercussions for British workers with fears that a recession could hit wags and noting that financial services and huge players in the industrial sector would carry out on a threat to leave the UK.

Take Airbus UK, a company which employs 15,000 people, its president, Paul Kahn, says he wouldn't necessarily pull out of the UK, but long term investment would come under threat.

"The biggest issue we have with Brexit is that we just don't know what out looks like. So that's where the short-term uncertainty happens. And as soon as you create that uncertainty then that starts to affect long-term decisions. So the impact that I worry about is the long-term impact, he says.

"And that lack of investment, once the investment is made somewhere else that is it. The investment isn't going to be taken away from the other country it goes to so we will have lost out for a generation so that really becomes an issue for our children and our children's children about what sort of jobs we have, what sort of economy we have, how balanced is that economy, do we make things."

But those for Brexit say that EU regulation has hindered business, and that leaving the EU may create more jobs, as well as arguing that lower migration could push wages up.

JD Wetherspoon pub chain owner and founder Tim Martin who employs 37,500 people sees the European Union as "fundamentally undemocratic" and has been campaigning hard to leave the EU.

He donated 200,000 pounds (284,000 US dollars) to the official leave campaign and is distributing anti-remain beer mats and magazines arguing for Brexit in his 900 pubs up and down the country.

"If we have democracy, we will do really well. We will be able to sort all the other problems out and there is no reason why we can't be a more prosperous country," he says. "We will have more money because we won't be paying so much into the EU, and it will unleash great entrepreneurial forces within the country."

Not all his staff agree. Alex Papa is a 21 year old student from Rome studying international business at Birkbeck University, College of London, and has been working behind the bar at a branch JD Wetherspoon for a year. He says he is worried about a leave vote from "an economic point of view, and especially for a personal point of view."

"If I ever wanted my child or my family to come here one day in order to divide (share) their life with me, that would be impossible," he says.

Specialist in the EU job market Swati Dhingra of the London School Economics also worries about the implication of a leave vote, saying that her analysis shows that reduced trade and investment with the EU could leave to a five percent contraction in the British economy, leading to a loss of over 300-thousand jobs.

She also argues against those in the leave camp who tie UK unemployment to migration levels, the long standing view of many Brexiters, including UK Independence Party leader and EU lawmaker Nigel Farage.

"We know population growth also has increases in demand which also ends up contributing to economic growth. So what we expect from migration is a very similar kind of story which is you've got access to people who are well educated often or whose education was something you didn't contribute and now they're coming into your country. So they end up creating jobs, they end up also not taking away jobs from British workers, and the main reason is in a growing economy there is room for everybody," she says.

The uncertainty over the result of the EU referendum remains with some polls showing a majority of British voters are in favour of leaving, while others point toward the opposite scenario.

British voters are deciding in a June 23 referendum on whether or not to leave the European Union with business owners, employers and analysts in disagreement as to how a so-called 'Brexit' may impact the jobs market.

Unemployment nearly across the 28-nation bloc stands at over 10 percent, almost double the UK rate.

Those in the remain camp argue that over three million jobs in the UK are linked to trade with the EU and point to massive investment from Europe into the Britain.

The EU has guaranteed workers' rights in the UK with guaranteed holiday pay, paid maternity and increased protection in the work place.

Many of UK's trade unions, major businesses and almost all the city say that a leave vote would have major negative repercussions for British workers with fears that a recession could hit wags and noting that financial services and huge players in the industrial sector would carry out on a threat to leave the UK.

Take Airbus UK, a company which employs 15,000 people, its president, Paul Kahn, says he wouldn't necessarily pull out of the UK, but long term investment would come under threat.

"The biggest issue we have with Brexit is that we just don't know what out looks like. So that's where the short-term uncertainty happens. And as soon as you create that uncertainty then that starts to affect long-term decisions. So the impact that I worry about is the long-term impact, he says.

"And that lack of investment, once the investment is made somewhere else that is it. The investment isn't going to be taken away from the other country it goes to so we will have lost out for a generation so that really becomes an issue for our children and our children's children about what sort of jobs we have, what sort of economy we have, how balanced is that economy, do we make things."

But those for Brexit say that EU regulation has hindered business, and that leaving the EU may create more jobs, as well as arguing that lower migration could push wages up.

JD Wetherspoon pub chain owner and founder Tim Martin who employs 37,500 people sees the European Union as "fundamentally undemocratic" and has been campaigning hard to leave the EU.

He donated 200,000 pounds (284,000 US dollars) to the official leave campaign and is distributing anti-remain beer mats and magazines arguing for Brexit in his 900 pubs up and down the country.

"If we have democracy, we will do really well. We will be able to sort all the other problems out and there is no reason why we can't be a more prosperous country," he says. "We will have more money because we won't be paying so much into the EU, and it will unleash great entrepreneurial forces within the country."

Not all his staff agree. Alex Papa is a 21 year old student from Rome studying international business at Birkbeck University, College of London, and has been working behind the bar at a branch JD Wetherspoon for a year. He says he is worried about a leave vote from "an economic point of view, and especially for a personal point of view."

"If I ever wanted my child or my family to come here one day in order to divide (share) their life with me, that would be impossible," he says.

Specialist in the EU job market Swati Dhingra of the London School Economics also worries about the implication of a leave vote, saying that her analysis shows that reduced trade and investment with the EU could leave to a five percent contraction in the British economy, leading to a loss of over 300-thousand jobs.

She also argues against those in the leave camp who tie UK unemployment to migration levels, the long standing view of many Brexiters, including UK Independence Party leader and EU lawmaker Nigel Farage.

"We know population growth also has increases in demand which also ends up contributing to economic growth. So what we expect from migration is a very similar kind of story which is you've got access to people who are well educated often or whose education was something you didn't contribute and now they're coming into your country. So they end up creating jobs, they end up also not taking away jobs from British workers, and the main reason is in a growing economy there is room for everybody," she says.

The uncertainty over the result of the EU referendum remains with some polls showing a majority of British voters are in favour of leaving, while others point toward the opposite scenario.

AP TELEVISION

London - 27 May 2016

1. Various of Italian student and barman Alex Papa pulling pint of London Pride beer at Baker street JD Wetherspoon pub

2. Pan from fruit machine to booklet in all JD Wetherspoon pubs on referendum called "In or Out - you decide."

3. JD Wetherspoon owner and founder Tim Martin drinking half pint at bar

4. Pull focus into European beer pumps

5. Wetherspoon referendum booklet

6. SOUNDBITE (English) Tim Martin, JD Wetherspoon owner and founder:

"The economist have got it wrong. They've got it wrong of the Euro because they didn't concentrate on the big picture. And the big picture is you can't have a currency without a government. It doesn't work. This time, they're again not concentrating on the big picture. Democracy, freedom, prosperity is the big picture. And they're turning it around as they did with the Euro and looking at micro issues which are very secondary. If we have democracy, we will do really well. We will be able to sort all the other problems out and there's no reason why we can't be a prosperous country. We will have more money because we won't be paying so much into the EU, and it will unleash great entrepreneurial forces within the country."

7. Papa behind the bar pulling pint

8. Close of Papa's face

9. SOUNDBITE (English) Alex Papa, 21-year-old student from Rome, studying international business at Birkbeck College, University of London, and has been working in JD Wetherspoon for a year:

"I came here in order to start my university, and work part time in order to better myself. And I discovered in this country, there is these possibilities, opportunities that my country didn't give to me. I am worried about exit of Britain in the European Union from an economic point of view, and especially for a personal point of view. If I ever wanted my child or my family to come here one day in order to divide (share) their life with me, that would be impossible."

10. Various of people at bar

11. SOUNDBITE (English) Craig Milligan, 33-year-old builder from London:

"Definitely out. 100 percent out. Yes, at the moment I feel there are threats getting made by the government, and I don't believe a word of it at the moment. I see out as always the best way. At the moment we have got too many bureaucrats in Europe telling us exactly what we've got to do, and when we've got to do it, and I don't think we're able to govern our own country any more to be honest."

AIRBUS VNR

UK (Exact location unknown) - Date unavailable

12. Various of people working in an Airbus factory

AP TELEVISION

London – 13 June 2016

13. Set up of Paul Kahn, Airbus UK President

14. SOUNDBITE (English) Paul Kahn, Airbus UK President:

"The biggest issue we have with Brexit is that we just don't know what out looks like. So that's where the short-term uncertainty happens. And as soon as you create that uncertainty then that starts to affect long-term decisions. So the impact that I worry about is the long-term impact. And that lack of investment, once the investment is made somewhere else that is it. The investment isn't going to be taken away from the other country it goes to so we will have lost out for a generation so that really becomes an issue for our children and our children's children about what sort of jobs we have, what sort of economy do we have, how balanced is that economy, do we make things."

AIRBUS VNR

UK (Exact location unknown) - Date unavailable

15. Various of people working in an Airbus factory

AP TELEVISION

London – 13 June 2016

16. SOUNDBITE (English) Paul Kahn, Airbus UK President:

"In Airbus Group we make things that fly and we're very proud of that and we're very good at it. But that comes from a regulatory environment that is integrated, it's a European regulatory environment. We do things once to one standard so if you introduce a British standard as well as a European standard then that makes things more complicated it doesn't make things simpler and that's the environment we are in."

17. Airbus model on desk

AP TELEVISION

London - 27 May 2016

18. Various set ups of Swati Dhingra, assistant professor of economics at the London School of Economics and co-author of report on Life Outside the EU

19. SOUNDBITE (English) Swati Dhingra, Assistant Professor of economics at the London School of Economics and co-author of report on Life Outside the EU:

"British economy would contract about five percent, we would see about a five percent loss in the British GDP primarily because there would be reduced trade and investment with the European Union and potentially with the rest of the world as we loose access to the European market. So roughly what translates into would be somewhere in the order of 300-thousand job loss which is what many reports have given, the number. So we would see because of the contraction in the British economy an impact on jobs available to British workers."

20. Dhingra looking at her own report on immigration and Brexit on computer screen

21. SOUNDBITE (English) Swati Dhingra, Assistant Professor of economics at the London School of Economics and co-author of report on Life Outside the EU:

"We know population growth also has increases in demand and which also ends up contributing to economic growth. So what we expect from migration is a very similar kind of story, which is you've got access to people who are well educated often or whose education was something you didn't contribute to and now they're coming into your country. So they end up creating jobs, they end up also not taking away jobs from British workers, and the main reason is in a growing economy there is room for everybody."

22. Papa pulling pint in the pub

23. Tilt up to In or Out sign

South Korea said on Tuesday that it respects the decision made by British citizens for the UK to leave the European Union.

South Korean foreign ministry spokesman Cho June-hyuck made the comments at a regular ministry briefing, adding that Seoul will be monitoring closely the impact of the referendum result on a local and global level.

Cho also commented on a joint statement released by Chinese President Xi Jinping and his Russian counterpart Vladimir Putin following their bilateral talks on Saturday, in which the two countries clarified their strong opposition to North Korea's nuclear and missile development, saying it was welcomed by South Korea.

As for China and Russia's opposition to the US deployment of THAAD (Terminal High Altitude Aerial Defence) to South Korea, Cho said that Seoul was considering THAAD deployment only for the purpose of protecting the lives and safety of its people.

South Korea said on Tuesday that it respects the decision made by British citizens for the UK to leave the European Union.

South Korean foreign ministry spokesman Cho June-hyuck made the comments at a regular ministry briefing, adding that Seoul will be monitoring closely the impact of the referendum result on a local and global level.

Cho also commented on a joint statement released by Chinese President Xi Jinping and his Russian counterpart Vladimir Putin following their bilateral talks on Saturday, in which the two countries clarified their strong opposition to North Korea's nuclear and missile development, saying it was welcomed by South Korea.

As for China and Russia's opposition to the US deployment of THAAD (Terminal High Altitude Aerial Defence) to South Korea, Cho said that Seoul was considering THAAD deployment only for the purpose of protecting the lives and safety of its people.

Seoul – 28 June 2016

1. South Korean Foreign Ministry spokesman Cho June-hyuck arriving for briefing

2. Wide of briefing

3. Journalists at briefing

4. Cho at lectern

5. SOUNDBITE (Korean) Cho June-hyuck, South Korean Foreign Ministry spokesman:

"First of all, our government respects the decision made by the British citizens. Our government is paying close attention to the local and global impacts of Britain's decision to leave the EU, as well as the impact on our bilateral relations. Since it will take about two years for negotiations with the EU even after the country officially notifies the European Union of its withdrawal, the South Korean government will cope (with Brexit) by monitoring the state of negotiations between the UK and EU and will meticulously analyse the short, mid and long-term impacts (of Brexit) on politics and the economy during the period (of negotiations)."

6. Journalists at briefing

7. SOUNDBITE (Korean) Cho June-hyuck, South Korean Foreign Ministry spokesman:

"The joint statement (announced by Chinese President Xi Jinping and Russian President Vladimir Putin after the bilateral talks) includes the part saying the two countries sternly oppose North Korea's nuclear and missile development. Our government welcomes the joint statement. Also, we welcome that China and Russia publicly promised at a summit level to fully implement the Security Council Resolution 2270."

8. Journalists at briefing

9. SOUNDBITE (Korean) Cho June-hyuck, South Korean Foreign Ministry spokesman:

"(As for China and Russia's position on THAAD which was stated in the same joint statement,) our government's stance is that we are considering the deployment of THAAD (Terminal High Altitude Aerial Defence) at US Forces in Korea for the pure purpose of protecting lives and the safety of our citizens and national security from Pyongyang's threats, amidst the situation in which North Korea continues to heighten its overall nuclear missile capabilities as can be seen from the North's Musudan missile launch on June 22nd."

10. Wide of briefing

With less than a month to go before the United Kingdom's referendum on whether to remain in or leave the European Union, campaigners are desperately trying to encourage young people to register to vote.

The outcome of the referendum could depend on whether young people shake off their apathy and vote in sufficient numbers on 23 June, according to a recent opinion poll conducted for the Observer newspaper.

At last year's UK general election, only 43 per cent of those aged 18-24 voted, compared with 78 per cent of over-65s.

A similar turnout would see British youngsters' future in Europe determined by Eurosceptic older voters, who are much more likely to cast their ballots on the day.

The Electoral Reform Society has warned of a "worrying generation gap", with its survey showing that 21 per cent of 18- to 24-year-olds say they are very interested in the referendum, compared with 47 per cent of those over 65.

Comedian Eddie Izzard is one of many campaigners trying to encourage young people to vote to remain in the EU.

He has launched a campaign to visit 31 cities in 31 days to stir up the youth vote.

This week he visited the University of Reading for a debate with Daniel Hannan, a Conservative Member of the European Parliament and pro-Brexit campaigner.

With less than a month to go before the United Kingdom's referendum on whether to remain in or leave the European Union, campaigners are desperately trying to encourage young people to register to vote.

The outcome of the referendum could depend on whether young people shake off their apathy and vote in sufficient numbers on 23 June, according to a recent opinion poll conducted for the Observer newspaper.

At last year's UK general election, only 43 per cent of those aged 18-24 voted, compared with 78 per cent of over-65s.

A similar turnout would see British youngsters' future in Europe determined by Eurosceptic older voters, who are much more likely to cast their ballots on the day.

The Electoral Reform Society has warned of a "worrying generation gap", with its survey showing that 21 per cent of 18- to 24-year-olds say they are very interested in the referendum, compared with 47 per cent of those over 65.

Comedian Eddie Izzard is one of many campaigners trying to encourage young people to vote to remain in the EU.

He has launched a campaign to visit 31 cities in 31 days to stir up the youth vote.

This week he visited the University of Reading for a debate with Daniel Hannan, a Conservative Member of the European Parliament and pro-Brexit campaigner.

Reading - 24 May 2016

1. Various of comedian Eddie Izzard, a prominent campaigner for Britain remaining in the European Union, talking on stage at a debate on the subject at the University of Reading (Izzard is touring 31 UK cities in 31 days in a bid to encourage young people to vote to remain in the EU)

2. Various of students in audience

3. Daniel Hannan, Conservative Member of the European Parliament and pro-Brexit campaigner, talking on stage

4. SOUNDBITE (English) Eddie Izzard, comedian and campaigner to remain in the European Union:

"If they want a vision for the future - and I think young people do want a positive vision for the future, not a negative putting up boundaries, Brexit, let's go away - let's stand there, let's stand and fight for our place in Europe, rather than run and hide from Europe."

5. SOUNDBITE (English) Daniel Hannan, Conservative Member of the European Parliament and pro Brexit campaigner:

"It's not that they have weighed and then discarded the case for leave, it's not even that they have despised and disdained it, it's that they have never heard it, they weren't aware there was one. And so I hope that I can introduce at least some people to the very strong democratic and economic arguments for independence."

6. Izzard talking to students

7. Students

8. SOUNDBITE (English) Becky Page, student:

"I'd like to vote but I just need to inform myself more of which way I want to go. Initially I was thinking of staying but now I'm hearing reasons for leaving."

9. Various of students in student bar

10. Student Ramsay Amin playing snooker

11. SOUNDBITE (English) Ramsay Amin, student:

"I personally don't have enough knowledge to actually vote for either stay in or stay out. But judging by past experience it is probably better to stay in."

12. Various of Oli Ratcliffe, student union president at the University of Reading, sticking up flyers about the the referendum in a bid to encourage people to vote

13. SOUNDBITE (English) Oli Ratcliffe, student union president at the University of Reading:

"They are quite disillusioned with politics, a lot of students, unfortunately, so when referendums and elections come about they often see it as something which they can't relate to and they might not see it as important."

14. Various of Daniel Masters, editor of the student newspaper 'The Spark', looking at the latest edition

15. SOUNDBITE (English) Daniel Masters, student and editor of the student newspaper 'The Spark':

"We're run by the (European) Commission, we're run by the (European) Council, which are not elected and they essentially run our policy without asking us, so we don't have control over our agricultural policy and we don't have control of our fisheries policy or anything."

16. Set-up of student Ben Cooper (left)

17. SOUNDBITE (English) Ben Cooper, student:

"So, I want to vote 'in'. Firstly, I think it's better for our country as a whole. Me personally, I come from a farming background, so I have quite a lot of interest in EU subsidies."

18. Various of people walking along high street

19. Set-up of sales assistant Rachel Stannett (wearing black and white striped dress)

20. SOUNDBITE (English) Rachel Stannett, sales assistant:

"No, to be fair I haven't (thought about the EU referendum). I don't know really that much about it. And I don't know who to vote for."

21. SOUNDBITE (English) Dev Sabharwal, student:

"Frankly, I'm just not that bothered by it. I mean I think I should be a bit bothered by it because it probably does affect me quite a lot but I don't really know a lot about it to be fair."

22. SOUNDBITE (English) Katie Dowset, college of further education student:

"I've heard that like the EU want to make us have the euro and I don't really want the euro."

23. Various of people walking along street, drinking at table

In a stunning blow to the conservatives, Canterbury has elected a Labour MP for the first time since the constituency was formed nearly a century ago.

The historic English town in the heart of Kent has always been a Tory stronghold - but Sunday's vote saw incumbent Sir Julian Brazier lose to Rosie Duffield by just 187 votes.

Increased student participation in the election is being seen as a key factor in the shock result

"I was very excited actually. Very surprised", said Nicholas Hubble, a 19-year-old Labour voter who traveled down from Exeter where he studied to vote back home.

With tens of thousands of European nationals visiting, studying or living in the city, 23-year-old George Dabaasio also believes Brexit played a big role.

During the 2016 EU referendum, Canterbury voted to leave the EU by 51 percent but many young people didn't turn up to vote.

With students and staff from about 150 different countries, Edwards Morgan-Jones a Senior Lecturer at Kent University believes people were "very worried about the effect of the government's approach of Brexit on the university".

But to some extent, it also comes down to the numbers.

"We had 10 percent more voters than in 2015 and those voters were mainly younger voters", he said.

The reason for this surge can partly be attributed to university unions who went out and actively encourages students to register to vote.

For first year political science student, Toby French, what inspired him was the way the Labour party reached out to youth using popular platforms.

But for Tory voters, the defeat was a devastating blow. 67-year-old Sheryl Barker says she's angry at the students and the universities who she believes influenced them.

Canterbury - 9 June 2017

1. Canterbury high street with tower in background

2. Store with Union Jack flags in the window

3. Sign above pub

4. Man chatting next to 'vote Labour' sticker

5. Pedestrians

6. SOUNDBITE (English) Nicholas Hubble, 19-year-old Labour voter, medical science student:

"When I woke up this morning, I was very excited actually. Quite surprised. I was just very pleased that we've taken over from the Conservatives (in the seat of Canterbury). I know it's the first time since World War One actually since we've done this, so I came specifically down from Exeter where I'm at university yesterday so I can vote in Canterbury because I knew that this is the place where my vote can count the most."

7. Flags in street

8. SOUNDBITE (English) George Dabaasio, 23-year-old Labour voter, occupational medical health technician:

"No one was actually expecting Brexit would happen. Especially among young people. So when it did, again the youth were quite surprised that it did so that would have caused them to come out a bit more because it proves that their votes mattered, and everything like that."

9. Various of boat on river

10. Various set-up shots of Senior Lecturer at Kent University Edwards Morgan-Jones

11. SOUNDBITE (English) Edwards Morgan-Jones, Senior Lecturer at Kent University:

"The University of Kent is the UK's European University and people were very worried about the effect of the government's approach of Brexit on the university. In addition, the electorate really expanded in the constituency. So we had 10 percent more voters than in 2015 and those voters were mainly younger voters and they were really attracted by Labour's promise to abolish tuition fees."

12. View of Canterbury Cathedral from the University of Kent campus

13. Various of campus

14. SOUNDBITE (English) Ruth Wilkinson, Vice-President of the Kent Students' Union, 22-year old English Literature student:

"So as soon as the general election was announced we had a plan about how many students we could get to register to vote so we covered social media with infographics and videos, with covered campus with flyers, we went door knocking. We spoke to loads of students about why they should vote and get them registered to vote. It's incredibly important that students have a voice in the future of their country, that's something we felt passionately about and we went out and tried to do it as best we could."

15. Various signs for University of Kent

16. SOUNDBITE (English) Toby French, 19-year-old 1st year political science student:

"I felt it's all about the Internet. Jeremy Corbyn has done a huge job here, here's done pretty well on Snapchat, Facebook, you know - stuff young people look at and we've been inspired by this."

17. Cars passing by old stone gateway

18. Union Jack flag

19. People on high street

20. SOUNDBITE (English) Sheryl Barker, 67-year-old retiree (++talking about the number of students voting++):

"I think they were heckled a little bit by the campus and the universities into casting their vote in this particular way."

21. Cutaway

22. SOUNDBITE (English) Sheryl Barker, 67-year-old retiree:

" With Facebook and emails and just general sort of propaganda really to get them to vote the way that the university - professors and whatever - wanted them to vote. It's quite easy to sway people."

23. Various of traffic passing an old stone gateway

24. Union Jack flag

European Commissioner Guenther Oettinger on Friday turned the timetable screws even more on Britain, saying negotiations on its exit from the European Union must actually be finished by October next year, instead of March 2019, to allow the 27 remaining nations to approve the deal.

Oettinger said on Friday that "time for Brexit negotiations is getting tight" and added that "they must be closed in October 2018" to allow for the complicated approval process in the member states to run its course ahead of the official two-year deadline.

The two years was already seen as a tight proposition; slashing another six months off would make it even tougher.

Brussels - 9 June 2017

1. European Commissioner for Budget and Human Resources Gunther Oettinger talking

2. Cutaway of Oettinger's hands

3. SOUNDBITE: (English) Gunther Oettinger, European Commissioner for Budget and Human Resources:

"Indeed there is a legally binding time limit, our negotiations and an agreement has to come before end of March 2019. And because it is a mixed agreement what we have to negotiate, we, Michel Barnier our chief negotiator and the Commission connected to the Council and Parliament have to be ready, need a draft agreement before the end of October next year, so we have fifteen or sixteen more months and so our expectation and hope is that there is a new government in London as soon as possible and we can start negotiations, maybe before end of June."

4. Cutaway

5. SOUNDBITE: (English) Gunther Oettinger, European Commissioner for Budget and Human Resources:

"This (extending the two years limit on Brexit negotiations) could be an additional option but it is not our preferred option, because we have elections in May or June 2019, if there would be a prolongation of negotiations, the British parties have to nominate candidates, I think this would be a crazy game to be a candidate for a next European Parliament knowing that the Brexit is coming soon."

6. Wide of Oettinger

7. SOUNDBITE: (English) Gunther Oettinger, European Commissioner for Budget and Human Resources:

"The best case would be there is a new government before the end of next week, we can start negotiations immediately afterwards, we can come to a common agenda, a clear common structure, what is point one, point two, point three, point four, which chapters do we have to discuss and then to start before summer break."

8. Mid of Oettinger

9. SOUNDBITE: (English) Gunther Oettinger, European Commissioner for Budget and Human Resources:

"We have to accept the referendum and we have to analyse there is no development in Great Britain which will end in a second referendum so we are prepared to have hard, strong but fair negotiations."

10. Wide of Oettinger talking to a journalist

11. Exterior of European Commission building

12. Close of EU flags

13. Wide of European Commission entrance

14. European Commission logo

Would you travel halfway around the world for a handbag, or a coat? Maybe, if you really loved it and could get 20 per cent off.

At the moment, the price is right in Britain, where the decision to leave the European Union has led to a sharp drop in the pound. That's proving a bonanza for luxury goods shoppers with foreign currency to spend.

The pound has lost almost a fifth of its value against the dollar since the June 23 referendum on EU membership because of uncertainty about Britain's economic prospects.

That means tourist dollars go farther, and visitors are rushing to buy before retailers jack up their prices.

The U.K. is currently the cheapest place to buy luxury goods, with 64 per cent of products selling for less in Britain than in the U.S., China and France, according to a survey by the professional services firm Deloitte.

For example, the Louis Vuitton Speedy 30, a canvas handbag emblazoned with the iconic LV monogram, sells for the equivalent of 837 US dollars in the U.K. and 1,117 US dollars in China, Deloitte found.

And wannabe shoppers -particularly those from the Far East- are rushing to London before retailers adjust prices to offset the pound's decline.

Visit Britain, the national tourism agency, says flight-reservation data shows bookings from China to Britain are up 24 per cent for the last three months of the year compared with the same period in 2015.

Burberry said this week that sales at British shops open for at least a year rose more than 30 per cent in the three months to September 30. Bag sales were particularly strong, especially those of the equestrian inspired Bridle Bag.

Though on sale in Britain, it is not yet widely available globally, Anusha Couttigane, senior retail analyst at Kantar Retail said.

And it's not just bags. Perfume, clothes and cosmetics are also big on tourist shopping lists, according to a survey by the consumer research group Mintel.

Joanne Milner, chief executive of Garrard - the jewellers that made Princess Diana's famous engagement ring - said the number of Chinese shoppers visiting its website has grown by 75 percent since the Brexit vote.

The firm's shop at Harrods has seen a 1,000 percent increase.

London - 20 October 2016

1. Various of shoppers carrying luxury brand shopping bags on London's New Bond Street

2. Pan from Louis Vuitton to Burberry store on London's New Bond Street

3. Various of Amy Chang, 30-year-old tourist from Guangzhou in China, holding Burberry bag

4. SOUNDBITE (Mandarin) Amy Chang, 30-year-old tourist from Guangzhou:

"Of course because the pound is so weak, it's great for us and we can feel much more comfortable about spending money."

5. Various of Burberry's 'Bridle Bag' in shop window

6. SOUNDBITE (Mandarin) Amy Chang, 30-year-old tourist from Guangzhou:

"Chinese people love handbags. I personally don't care too much about them, I bought a trench coat from Burberry because I've had my eye on it for a long time and I've always thought it was too expensive. But now coming to Britain it's actually much cheaper than in China, so I finally bought it."

7. Various of shoppers on London's New Bond Street

8. Set up shot of Robin Johnson, marketing director for VisitBritain

9. SOUNDBITE (English) Robin Johnson, marketing director for VisitBritain:

"So we've seen really strong growth forecasted for the rest of this year from China. Flight bookings for China from October to December are 24 percent up versus the same period last year which is extremely encouraging for the UK economy."

London – 19 October 2016

10. Set up shot of Anusha Couttigane, senior retail analyst at Kantar Retail

11. SOUNDBITE (English) Anusha Couttigane, senior retail analyst at Kantar Retail:

"The luxury market is one of the most competitive – if not the most competitive in the world. The fact that the pound has seen such massive devaluation has made retail a far more attractive market for consumers who had been priced out of the market previously."

12. Cutaway

13. SOUNDBITE (English) Anusha Couttigane, senior retail analyst at Kantar Retail:

"A lot of products that are available on the British market haven't been shipped out internationally yet. So we're getting a lot of retail tourists who are interested in finding the latest products. But also things that are really portable and really easy to transport. So things in the accessories segment for example - like handbags are really popular - as are small items like jewellery."

London – 20 October 2016

14. Various of Joanne Milner, Chief Executive of luxury jewellery maker Garrard, looking at jewellery in flagship London store

15. SOUNDBITE (English) Joanne Milner, Chief Executive of luxury jewellery maker Garrard:

"China's consistently been our top three source of traffic onto our website, but that's grown by about 75% (since Brexit referendum). And that goes all the way up to sales to Chinese clients within our concession in Harrods which has increased 1000 percent (since Brexit referendum); so these are big numbers and it's not just Garrard that is seeing it, it is London as a whole."

16. Various of jewellery

17. SOUNDBITE (English) Joanne Milner, Chief Executive of luxury jewellery maker Garrard:

"The thought is that in the long-term it will be good for British business, particularly London being the destination in Europe for luxury – which in the past it has vied with Paris for that position. But uncertainty is never a good thing and that has a risk attached to it."

18. Exterior of Garrard's flagship store in Central London

19. Luxury brands on display on London's New Bond Street

20. SOUNDBITE (Mandarin) Ivy Wang, a 16-year-old exchange student who has lived in the UK for two months:

"I buy more local brands, like Burberry – I get woollen shirts and scarves for my mum – local British brands."

21. Exterior of Burberry store in Central London

22. SOUNDBITE (Mandarin) Ivy Wang, a 16-year-old exchange student who has lived in the UK for two months:

"Most of the things here are for her (her friend's) mum, she got her a pair of shoes and a handbag, and also got herself a handbag."

23. Shoppers on New Bond Street

24. SOUNDBITE (Mandarin) Leo Yu, tourist from Beijing on his honeymoon with his wife Zhang Ke:

"One of the reasons we are buying so much at the moment is that the pound is continuing to weaken, and so the cost of luxury items has gone down too, so of course we've chosen to buy them when we're in the UK."

25. Various of Chinese tourists entering and walking through Burberry shop

FOR CLEAN VERSION SEE STORY NUMBER: 4040960

LEAD IN

Britons are preparing to vote in a referendum on June 23rd on whether to remain in the European Union.

The last time there was such a vote was in 1975, when the UK was experiencing industrial action, political infighting, maxi skirts and the birth of David Beckham.

STORY-LINE :

In the early 1970s hemlines dropped as inflation grew and economic growth stagnated.

The happy carefree days of the swinging sixties seemed a world away, as angry punks took centre stage.

Jamie Oliver, Russell Brand and that symbol of turn of the century Britain, David Beckham, were all babes in arms in the year that Britain first voted on continued member ship of the EEC.

Brand was just one day old, having being born on June 4, a day before the poll.

In 1975 Microsoft was founded by 19 year old Bill gates and 22 year old Paul Allen, the company would help revolutionised our relationship with technology with its popualr line of personal computers.

Britain joined the European Economic Community, as the EU was then called, in 1973.

But it was a rocky union from the start and three years later Harold Wilson's Labour Party government held a referendum on membership in 5 June 1975.

Wilson had won the British general election on a platform that included a pledge to renegotiate the terms of British membership in the EEC, and the issue split his party.

Wilson led the successful referendum campaign that secured Britain's membership in the European Community under renegotiated terms of membership.

The new leader of the opposition Conservative party, Margaret Thatcher, also campaigned to remain in the European Union in 1975.

She later became prime minister between 1979 and 1990, and as prime minister she became known for her tough line with Brussels.

Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of the Institute of Historical Research at the University of London says the issue of Europe has long troubled British politicians.

"The parties has flipped and flopped over their views of Europe all the way through since the 1960s and in the early 1970s the Labour party was in a way as divided then as the Conservative party is today. "

In 1975 a majority of 67 percent said "yes" to the question: Do you think that the United Kingdom should remain part of the European Community ?

Though membership was secured, the divides within Labour didn't go away, with many leading Cabinet ministers viewing the EEC as incompatible with the aims of socialism.

That fissure, among others, would weaken Labour and pave the way for the election in 1979 of Margaret Thatcher's Conservatives.

Times were tough and globalisation threatend traditional British industry. The great powershouses of the industrial revolution were fading away. Industrial disputes were a common occurence.

"Many of the great industries which had been part of Britain's pioneering of the industrial revoultion were being hollowed out. We were pouring a lot of money into them because many of them were nationalised and the tax payer was paying hundreds of millions to keep things like shipbuilding and steel going, but unfortunately we were making the kind of goods that were too expensive and not that well designed and so our car industry for example began to fold" explains Goldman.

The industrial world gave way to a more serviced based economy. But the virtual marketplace was still a long way off says Dejan Sudjic, Director of London's Design Museum.

"The idea that you could have a computing power on your desk was extraordinary, furturistic and mad."

Life was still very traditional says Goldman, family lesiure in the 1970s meant a day at the beach.

"Still very traditional (lifestyle). Still very simple, obviously none of the technologies that we use to fill our time, people went for their holiday and their leisure locally to the seaside whereever that might be, whichever was closest to them. Foreign travel was still quite rare the package holiday was starting but it was really for the more wealthy people."

But a shadow hung in the air, as the threat of terrorism was spreading from neighbouring Ireland and the Middle East.

Irish republicans, who wanted a divided Ireland reunited and a British withdrawal from Northern Ireland, had begun targeting mainland Britian.

The pub bombings in Birmingham in 1974 killed 21 people.

" 1974 is the day or the year of the famous Birmingham pub bombings, that was the moment when we realised that terror wouldn't stay in Ulster (Northern Ireland) and Londonderry, it was going to come to London, Birmingham and other places on the mainland as well. Terrorism in the Middle East was also new it was brought home to us in the Munich Olympics in 1972, when terror of course leading to the deaths of athletes reminded us of how vunerable major events are. But all this was relatively new at the time and shocking because of that since then of course we have had to cope with it as almost kind of a normal part of life, the threat that is ever present."

During the 1972 Munich Games, eight Palestinian gunmen, members of the Black September militant group entered the Olympic Village and took Israeli team members hostage.

A day later, all 11 were dead.

The drama started before dawn on Sept. 5, 1972, when eight members of a Palestinian terrorist group called Black September clambered over the unguarded fence of the Olympic village.

Wearing track suits and carrying weapons concealed in athletics bags, they burst into the building where the Israeli team was staying, shooting dead wrestling coach Moshe Weinberg and weightlifter Yossi Romano.

Some Israeli athletes slipped through a back door but nine were seized and tied to furniture. The terrorists demanded the release of more than 200 Palestinians held by Israel.

After a day of tense negotiations, the terrorists and their hostages were allowed to leave aboard two helicopters for the Fuerstenfeldbruck military airfield 16 miles away. The terrorists were promised a plane and safe passage to Cairo, Egypt.

Sharpshooters at the airfield opened fire as the terrorists and the hostages prepared to board a Lufthansa jet.

The guerrillas tossed grenades at the hostages, and one of the helicopters was blown up by a terrorist grenade. When the fighting died down, all nine Israeli captives were dead, along with five of their captors and one German policeman.

In the seventies the Soviet American space race was still underway...but by 1975 it had become more co-operative.

Goldman says "If you grew up in the 1960s and early 1970s space was a very exciting element of the kind of public discourse of television and the media of the age because both the Americans and the Soviets were involved in competition to put a man on the moon and develop space through satellites and so forth"

In July 1975, an American Apollo spaceship docked with a Soviet Soyuz spacecraft in orbit in the first superpower link-up of its kind.

The three-man American Apollo crew docked with a two-member Soviet team in Soyuz and the five conducted the first international manned experiments in space.

Today international teams of astronauts and cosmonauts collaborate onboard the International Space Station high above the earth.

One of the major themes of the current referendum debate is immigration.

The 1960s and 1970s saw large numbers of people moving to Britain from former colonies.

"Immigration was already an issue in Britain. It had been since the mid and late 1960s, so it is not as if some of the questions we are debating today are wholly new..far from it." adds Goldman.

West Indians, people from the English-speaking Caribbean, came mainly in the late 1950s and early 1960s, mostly for jobs in public transport. Asian immigration peaked in the 1970s.

Immigrants included Asians from East Africa, fleeing from or expelled by countries that had gained independence from Britain. The largest single group was 27,000 Asians, who were among 70,000 Asians expelled and their property seized by dictator Idi Amin in Uganda in 1972.

The non-white population, excluding those born in Britain, was 418,000 in the 1961 government census and 930,000 in the 1971 count.

Today 8 million people or 14% of the UK population belong to an ethnic minority according to 'A Portrait of Modern Britain' published in 2014 by Policy Exchange, a UK based think tank. The report added that most ethnic people live in urban areas.

In the early 1970s Britain's class system exerted more control over people's lives than now and Europe was another place - an expensive flight or ferry journey away.

Sudjic says times have changed and today the British are less frightened of foreign food and habits.

"The things that we eat, the things we have in our home have been transformed utterly. Britain was suspicious of something called garlic in those days, we drank more beer than we drink wine. Britain was still finding that France was full of exotic stuff like snails and onions. We have embraced all that."

Today Paris is a short (ish) train journey away, Londoners can nip off to the French capital for lunch at a boulveard cafe on the Champs Elysee.

Will Britons continued that awkward embrace or unfriend their neighbours across the sea ?

The EU referendum takes place on June 23, 2016.

FOR CLEAN VERSION SEE STORY NUMBER: 4040960

LEAD IN

Britons are preparing to vote in a referendum on June 23rd on whether to remain in the European Union.

The last time there was such a vote was in 1975, when the UK was experiencing industrial action, political infighting, maxi skirts and the birth of David Beckham.

STORY-LINE :

In the early 1970s hemlines dropped as inflation grew and economic growth stagnated.

The happy carefree days of the swinging sixties seemed a world away, as angry punks took centre stage.

Jamie Oliver, Russell Brand and that symbol of turn of the century Britain, David Beckham, were all babes in arms in the year that Britain first voted on continued member ship of the EEC.

Brand was just one day old, having being born on June 4, a day before the poll.

In 1975 Microsoft was founded by 19 year old Bill gates and 22 year old Paul Allen, the company would help revolutionised our relationship with technology with its popualr line of personal computers.

Britain joined the European Economic Community, as the EU was then called, in 1973.

But it was a rocky union from the start and three years later Harold Wilson's Labour Party government held a referendum on membership in 5 June 1975.

Wilson had won the British general election on a platform that included a pledge to renegotiate the terms of British membership in the EEC, and the issue split his party.

Wilson led the successful referendum campaign that secured Britain's membership in the European Community under renegotiated terms of membership.

The new leader of the opposition Conservative party, Margaret Thatcher, also campaigned to remain in the European Union in 1975.

She later became prime minister between 1979 and 1990, and as prime minister she became known for her tough line with Brussels.

Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of the Institute of Historical Research at the University of London says the issue of Europe has long troubled British politicians.

"The parties has flipped and flopped over their views of Europe all the way through since the 1960s and in the early 1970s the Labour party was in a way as divided then as the Conservative party is today. "

In 1975 a majority of 67 percent said "yes" to the question: Do you think that the United Kingdom should remain part of the European Community ?

Though membership was secured, the divides within Labour didn't go away, with many leading Cabinet ministers viewing the EEC as incompatible with the aims of socialism.

That fissure, among others, would weaken Labour and pave the way for the election in 1979 of Margaret Thatcher's Conservatives.

Times were tough and globalisation threatend traditional British industry. The great powershouses of the industrial revolution were fading away. Industrial disputes were a common occurence.

"Many of the great industries which had been part of Britain's pioneering of the industrial revoultion were being hollowed out. We were pouring a lot of money into them because many of them were nationalised and the tax payer was paying hundreds of millions to keep things like shipbuilding and steel going, but unfortunately we were making the kind of goods that were too expensive and not that well designed and so our car industry for example began to fold" explains Goldman.

The industrial world gave way to a more serviced based economy. But the virtual marketplace was still a long way off says Dejan Sudjic, Director of London's Design Museum.

"The idea that you could have a computing power on your desk was extraordinary, furturistic and mad."

Life was still very traditional says Goldman, family lesiure in the 1970s meant a day at the beach.

"Still very traditional (lifestyle). Still very simple, obviously none of the technologies that we use to fill our time, people went for their holiday and their leisure locally to the seaside whereever that might be, whichever was closest to them. Foreign travel was still quite rare the package holiday was starting but it was really for the more wealthy people."

But a shadow hung in the air, as the threat of terrorism was spreading from neighbouring Ireland and the Middle East.

Irish republicans, who wanted a divided Ireland reunited and a British withdrawal from Northern Ireland, had begun targeting mainland Britian.

The pub bombings in Birmingham in 1974 killed 21 people.

" 1974 is the day or the year of the famous Birmingham pub bombings, that was the moment when we realised that terror wouldn't stay in Ulster (Northern Ireland) and Londonderry, it was going to come to London, Birmingham and other places on the mainland as well. Terrorism in the Middle East was also new it was brought home to us in the Munich Olympics in 1972, when terror of course leading to the deaths of athletes reminded us of how vunerable major events are. But all this was relatively new at the time and shocking because of that since then of course we have had to cope with it as almost kind of a normal part of life, the threat that is ever present."

During the 1972 Munich Games, eight Palestinian gunmen, members of the Black September militant group entered the Olympic Village and took Israeli team members hostage.

A day later, all 11 were dead.

The drama started before dawn on Sept. 5, 1972, when eight members of a Palestinian terrorist group called Black September clambered over the unguarded fence of the Olympic village.

Wearing track suits and carrying weapons concealed in athletics bags, they burst into the building where the Israeli team was staying, shooting dead wrestling coach Moshe Weinberg and weightlifter Yossi Romano.

Some Israeli athletes slipped through a back door but nine were seized and tied to furniture. The terrorists demanded the release of more than 200 Palestinians held by Israel.

After a day of tense negotiations, the terrorists and their hostages were allowed to leave aboard two helicopters for the Fuerstenfeldbruck military airfield 16 miles away. The terrorists were promised a plane and safe passage to Cairo, Egypt.

Sharpshooters at the airfield opened fire as the terrorists and the hostages prepared to board a Lufthansa jet.

The guerrillas tossed grenades at the hostages, and one of the helicopters was blown up by a terrorist grenade. When the fighting died down, all nine Israeli captives were dead, along with five of their captors and one German policeman.

In the seventies the Soviet American space race was still underway...but by 1975 it had become more co-operative.

Goldman says "If you grew up in the 1960s and early 1970s space was a very exciting element of the kind of public discourse of television and the media of the age because both the Americans and the Soviets were involved in competition to put a man on the moon and develop space through satellites and so forth"

In July 1975, an American Apollo spaceship docked with a Soviet Soyuz spacecraft in orbit in the first superpower link-up of its kind.

The three-man American Apollo crew docked with a two-member Soviet team in Soyuz and the five conducted the first international manned experiments in space.

Today international teams of astronauts and cosmonauts collaborate onboard the International Space Station high above the earth.

One of the major themes of the current referendum debate is immigration.

The 1960s and 1970s saw large numbers of people moving to Britain from former colonies.

"Immigration was already an issue in Britain. It had been since the mid and late 1960s, so it is not as if some of the questions we are debating today are wholly new..far from it." adds Goldman.

West Indians, people from the English-speaking Caribbean, came mainly in the late 1950s and early 1960s, mostly for jobs in public transport. Asian immigration peaked in the 1970s.

Immigrants included Asians from East Africa, fleeing from or expelled by countries that had gained independence from Britain. The largest single group was 27,000 Asians, who were among 70,000 Asians expelled and their property seized by dictator Idi Amin in Uganda in 1972.

The non-white population, excluding those born in Britain, was 418,000 in the 1961 government census and 930,000 in the 1971 count.

Today 8 million people or 14% of the UK population belong to an ethnic minority according to 'A Portrait of Modern Britain' published in 2014 by Policy Exchange, a UK based think tank. The report added that most ethnic people live in urban areas.

In the early 1970s Britain's class system exerted more control over people's lives than now and Europe was another place - an expensive flight or ferry journey away.

Sudjic says times have changed and today the British are less frightened of foreign food and habits.

"The things that we eat, the things we have in our home have been transformed utterly. Britain was suspicious of something called garlic in those days, we drank more beer than we drink wine. Britain was still finding that France was full of exotic stuff like snails and onions. We have embraced all that."

Today Paris is a short (ish) train journey away, Londoners can nip off to the French capital for lunch at a boulveard cafe on the Champs Elysee.

Will Britons continued that awkward embrace or unfriend their neighbours across the sea ?

The EU referendum takes place on June 23, 2016.

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, April 3, 1973 (MUTE)

++4:3++

1. Mid of model wearing brown suit by Mary Quant

2. Mid of model wearing turquoise wool skirt by Donegal Designs

3. Mid of model wearing printed chiffon evening dress by Ossie Clark

AP TELEVISION

United States (no exact date and location available)

January 9, 1978

++4:3++

4. Punk group (Sex Pistols) playing and singing.

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, February 18, 2004

++4:3++

5. Jennifer Aniston, poses with Jamie Oliver and his wife Jools at a film premiere

AP TELEVISION

New York, 9 September 2014

6. Various shots David Beckham at clothes event

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, 26 March 2015

7. Arrival of Russell Brand at an event

AP TELEVISION

Rome, Italy, 3 September 1995

++4:3++

8. Bill Gates enters conference room

AP IMAGES

9. In this 1984 file photo, Bill Gates, founder and chairman of Microsoft Corp., is shown.

AP TELEVISION

Rome, Italy, 3 September 1995

++4:3++

10. Close-up Gates

AP TELEVISION

no exact dates or locations available, UK 1974

++4:3++

11. Various of shoppers and supermarkets

12. Cars on London street

13. Harold Wilson and wife pose for press at country home.

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 3, 1975 (MUTE)

++4:3++

14. Mid of Margaret Thatcher wearing a flags-of-Europe sweater, flanked by women also wearing pro-Europe sweaters

15. Mid of Thatcher trying to light a candle / torch

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 9, 2016

++16:9++

16. Set up Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of Institute of Historical Research, University of London

17. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of Institute of Historical Research, University of London

"The parties has flipped and flopped over their views of Europe all the way through since the 1960s and in the early 1970s the Labour party was in its way as divided then as the conservative party is today. "

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, April 26, 1975

++4:3++

18. Wide of Labour Party Conference

19. Harold Wilson addressing conference

UPSOUND : (English) Harold Wilson, Labour Party Leader and Prime Minister in 1975

" On this very fundamental test I know I will not convince those who take a different view, nor will they convince me in the light of my practical experience. But I believe it will be on this question above all others that a decision is finally taken by the people as a whole." Cutaway Michael Foot MP.

AP TELEVISION

United Kingdom, Feburary 10, 1974 - no exact location available (MUTE)

++4:3++

20. Various of non functioning coal mine during national coal strike

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 9, 2016

++16:9++

21. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of Institute of Historical Research, University of London

"Many of the great industries which had been part of Britain's pioneering of the industrial revoultion were being hollowed out. We were pouring a lot of money into them because many of them were nationalised, and the tax payer was paying hundreds of millions to keep things like shipbuilding and steel going, but unfortunately we were making the kind of goods that were too expensive and not that well designed and so our car industry for example began to fold."

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, September 24, 1973 (MUTE)

++4:3++

22. Ford workers walking out of various plants

23. Wide of Ford cars on train

24. Wide entrance to a Ford plant, minimal activity

25. Mid sign Gate 1 Engine Plant

26. Tracking shot along halted production line of Ford engines

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 9, 2016

++16:9++

27. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dejan Sudjic, Director of Design Museum

" Computers were still the size of a room. The idea that you could have a computing power on your desk would have seemed extraordinary, furturistic and mad."

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 3, 1975 (MUTE)

++4:3++

28. Various of people in an office

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 9, 2016

++16:9++

29. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of Institute of Historical Research, University of London

"Still very traditional (lifestyle). Still very simple, obviously none of the technologies that we use to fill our time, people went for their holiday and their leisure locally to the seaside whereever that might be, whichever was closest to them. Foreign travel was still quite rare the package holiday was starting but it was really for the more wealthy people."

AP TELEVISION

Bournemouth, United Kingdom (undated 1973) (MUTE)

++4:3++

30. Various of people at the seaside

AP PHOTOS - NO ACCESS CANADA/BROADCAST USE ONLY/STRICTLY NO ACCESS ONLINE OR MOBILE

Birmingham, United Kingdom, 22 November 1974

31. STILL showing a general view of wreckage inside The Mulberry Bush public house, one of two pubs bombed in Birmingham in 1974

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, December 27, 1973 (MUTE)

++4:3++

32. Various of aftermath of IRA bombing of Stevedore pub

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 9, 2016

++16:9++

33. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of Institute of Historical Research, University of London

" 1974 is the day or the year of the famous Birmingham pub bombings, that was the moment when we realised that terror wouldn't stay in Ulster (Northern Ireland) and Londonderry, it was going to come to London, Birmingham and other places on the mainland as well. Terrorism in the Middle East was also new it was brought home to us in the Munich Olympics in 1972, when terror of course leading to the deaths of athletes reminded us of how vunerable major events were. But all this was relatively new at the time and shocking because of that since then of course we have had to cope with it as almost kind of a normal part of life, the threat that is ever present."

AP IMAGES

34. In this Sept. 5, 1972, file photo, a member of the Arab Commando group which seized members of the Israeli Olympic Team at their quarters at the Munich Olympic Village appears with a hood over his face on the balcony of the village building where the commandos held several members of the Israeli team hostage.

35. West German policemen wearing sweatsuits, bullet-proof vests and armed with submachine guns, take up positions on September 5, 1972 on Olympic Village rooftops where armed Palestine commandos were holding Israeli team members hostage

36. Ankie Spitzer, widow of the Israeli fencing coach, Andre Spitzer, who was slain by Arab terrorists Sept. 5, surveys the room where the incident occurred at Munich's Olympic Village in West Germany on Sept. 8, 1972. The chalk circles on the wall were made by West German police to trace the impact of the bullets.

NASA

Date and location unknown (1975)

++4:3++

37. Rocket launch

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 9, 2016

++16:9++

38. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of Institute of Historical Research, University of London

"If you grew up in the 1960s and early 1970s space was a very exciting element of the kind of public discourse of the television and the media of the age because both the Americans and the Soviets were involved in competition to put a man on the moon and to develop space through satellites and so forth"

NASA

Date and location unknown (1975)

++4:3++

39. Soyuz and Apollo join together, astronauts and cosmonauts meet

AP TELEVISION (MUTE)

no exact dates or locations available, UK 1974

++4:3++

40. Wide of building site

41. Man working on building site

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 9, 2016

++16:9++

42. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of Institute of Historical Research, University of London

"Immigration was already an issue in Britain. It had been since the mid and late 1960s, so it is not as if some of the questions we are debating today are wholly new..far from it."

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, September 24, 1973 (MUTE)

++4:3++

43. Various men take part in industrial action at Ford plant, ethnic minorities amongst them

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, April 30, 1973 (MUTE)

++4:3++

44. Various of rail station during national strike

45. Various of street scenes, buses

AP TELEVISION

Ascot, United Kingdom, June 17, 1974 (MUTE)

++4:3++

46. The Queen in a carriage

47. Wide of racegoers in top hats

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 9, 2016

++16:9++

48. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dejan Sudjic, Director of Design Museum

"The things that we eat, the things we have in our home have been transformed utterly. Britain was suspicious of something called garlic in those days, we drank more beer than we drink wine. People were still finding that France was exotic, full of dangerous stuff like snails and onions. We have embraced all that."

AP TELEVISION

Cannes, France - May 11 1973 (MUTE)

++4:3++

49. Various of Cannes

50. Mid tilt up of woman sunbathing

AP TELEVISION

Paris, France - October 20, 1970 (MUTE)

++4:3++

51. Wide of Eiffel Tower

AP TELEVISION

Paris, France - July 26, 1975 (MUTE)

++4:3++

52. Various of models showing off clothes by designer Ted Lapidus on Parisian street at boulevard cafe

LEAD IN

Britons are preparing to vote in a referendum on June 23rd on whether to remain in the European Union.

The last time there was such a vote was in 1975, when the UK was experiencing industrial action, political infighting, maxi skirts and the birth of David Beckham.

STORY-LINE :

In the early 1970s hemlines dropped as inflation grew and economic growth stagnated.

The happy carefree days of the swinging sixties seemed a world away, as angry punks took centre stage.

Jamie Oliver, Russell Brand and that symbol of turn of the century Britain, David Beckham, were all babes in arms in the year that Britain first voted on continued member ship of the EEC.

Brand was just one day old, having being born on June 4, a day before the poll.

In 1975 Microsoft was founded by 19 year old Bill gates and 22 year old Paul Allen, the company would help revolutionised our relationship with technology with its popualr line of personal computers.

Britain joined the European Economic Community, as the EU was then called, in 1973.

But it was a rocky union from the start and three years later Harold Wilson's Labour Party government held a referendum on membership in 5 June 1975.

Wilson had won the British general election on a platform that included a pledge to renegotiate the terms of British membership in the EEC, and the issue split his party.

Wilson led the successful referendum campaign that secured Britain's membership in the European Community under renegotiated terms of membership.

The new leader of the opposition Conservative party, Margaret Thatcher, also campaigned to remain in the European Union in 1975.

She later became prime minister between 1979 and 1990, and as prime minister she became known for her tough line with Brussels.

Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of the Institute of Historical Research at the University of London says the issue of Europe has long troubled British politicians.

"The parties has flipped and flopped over their views of Europe all the way through since the 1960s and in the early 1970s the Labour party was in a way as divided then as the Conservative party is today. "

In 1975 a majority of 67 percent said "yes" to the question: Do you think that the United Kingdom should remain part of the European Community ?

Though membership was secured, the divides within Labour didn't go away, with many leading Cabinet ministers viewing the EEC as incompatible with the aims of socialism.

That fissure, among others, would weaken Labour and pave the way for the election in 1979 of Margaret Thatcher's Conservatives.

Times were tough and globalisation threatend traditional British industry. The great powershouses of the industrial revolution were fading away. Industrial disputes were a common occurence.

"Many of the great industries which had been part of Britain's pioneering of the industrial revoultion were being hollowed out. We were pouring a lot of money into them because many of them were nationalised and the tax payer was paying hundreds of millions to keep things like shipbuilding and steel going, but unfortunately we were making the kind of goods that were too expensive and not that well designed and so our car industry for example began to fold" explains Goldman.

The industrial world gave way to a more serviced based economy. But the virtual marketplace was still a long way off says Dejan Sudjic, Director of London's Design Museum.

"The idea that you could have a computing power on your desk was extraordinary, furturistic and mad."

Life was still very traditional says Goldman, family lesiure in the 1970s meant a day at the beach.

"Still very traditional (lifestyle). Still very simple, obviously none of the technologies that we use to fill our time, people went for their holiday and their leisure locally to the seaside whereever that might be, whichever was closest to them. Foreign travel was still quite rare the package holiday was starting but it was really for the more wealthy people."

But a shadow hung in the air, as the threat of terrorism was spreading from neighbouring Ireland and the Middle East.

Irish republicans, who wanted a divided Ireland reunited and a British withdrawal from Northern Ireland, had begun targeting mainland Britian.

The pub bombings in Birmingham in 1974 killed 21 people.

" 1974 is the day or the year of the famous Birmingham pub bombings, that was the moment when we realised that terror wouldn't stay in Ulster (Northern Ireland) and Londonderry, it was going to come to London, Birmingham and other places on the mainland as well. Terrorism in the Middle East was also new it was brought home to us in the Munich Olympics in 1972, when terror of course leading to the deaths of athletes reminded us of how vunerable major events are. But all this was relatively new at the time and shocking because of that since then of course we have had to cope with it as almost kind of a normal part of life, the threat that is ever present."

During the 1972 Munich Games, eight Palestinian gunmen, members of the Black September militant group entered the Olympic Village and took Israeli team members hostage.

A day later, all 11 were dead.

The drama started before dawn on Sept. 5, 1972, when eight members of a Palestinian terrorist group called Black September clambered over the unguarded fence of the Olympic village.

Wearing track suits and carrying weapons concealed in athletics bags, they burst into the building where the Israeli team was staying, shooting dead wrestling coach Moshe Weinberg and weightlifter Yossi Romano.

Some Israeli athletes slipped through a back door but nine were seized and tied to furniture. The terrorists demanded the release of more than 200 Palestinians held by Israel.

After a day of tense negotiations, the terrorists and their hostages were allowed to leave aboard two helicopters for the Fuerstenfeldbruck military airfield 16 miles away. The terrorists were promised a plane and safe passage to Cairo, Egypt.

Sharpshooters at the airfield opened fire as the terrorists and the hostages prepared to board a Lufthansa jet.

The guerrillas tossed grenades at the hostages, and one of the helicopters was blown up by a terrorist grenade. When the fighting died down, all nine Israeli captives were dead, along with five of their captors and one German policeman.

In the seventies the Soviet American space race was still underway...but by 1975 it had become more co-operative.

Goldman says "If you grew up in the 1960s and early 1970s space was a very exciting element of the kind of public discourse of television and the media of the age because both the Americans and the Soviets were involved in competition to put a man on the moon and develop space through satellites and so forth"

In July 1975, an American Apollo spaceship docked with a Soviet Soyuz spacecraft in orbit in the first superpower link-up of its kind.

The three-man American Apollo crew docked with a two-member Soviet team in Soyuz and the five conducted the first international manned experiments in space.

Today international teams of astronauts and cosmonauts collaborate onboard the International Space Station high above the earth.

One of the major themes of the current referendum debate is immigration.

The 1960s and 1970s saw large numbers of people moving to Britain from former colonies.

"Immigration was already an issue in Britain. It had been since the mid and late 1960s, so it is not as if some of the questions we are debating today are wholly new..far from it." adds Goldman.

West Indians, people from the English-speaking Caribbean, came mainly in the late 1950s and early 1960s, mostly for jobs in public transport. Asian immigration peaked in the 1970s.

Immigrants included Asians from East Africa, fleeing from or expelled by countries that had gained independence from Britain. The largest single group was 27,000 Asians, who were among 70,000 Asians expelled and their property seized by dictator Idi Amin in Uganda in 1972.

The non-white population, excluding those born in Britain, was 418,000 in the 1961 government census and 930,000 in the 1971 count.

Today 8 million people or 14% of the UK population belong to an ethnic minority according to 'A Portrait of Modern Britain' published in 2014 by Policy Exchange, a UK based think tank. The report added that most ethnic people live in urban areas.

In the early 1970s Britain's class system exerted more control over people's lives than now and Europe was another place - an expensive flight or ferry journey away.

Sudjic says times have changed and today the British are less frightened of foreign food and habits.

"The things that we eat, the things we have in our home have been transformed utterly. Britain was suspicious of something called garlic in those days, we drank more beer than we drink wine. Britain was still finding that France was full of exotic stuff like snails and onions. We have embraced all that."

Today Paris is a short (ish) train journey away, Londoners can nip off to the French capital for lunch at a boulveard cafe on the Champs Elysee.

Will Britons continued that awkward embrace or unfriend their neighbours across the sea ?

The EU referendum takes place on June 23, 2016.

LEAD IN

Britons are preparing to vote in a referendum on June 23rd on whether to remain in the European Union.

The last time there was such a vote was in 1975, when the UK was experiencing industrial action, political infighting, maxi skirts and the birth of David Beckham.

STORY-LINE :

In the early 1970s hemlines dropped as inflation grew and economic growth stagnated.

The happy carefree days of the swinging sixties seemed a world away, as angry punks took centre stage.

Jamie Oliver, Russell Brand and that symbol of turn of the century Britain, David Beckham, were all babes in arms in the year that Britain first voted on continued member ship of the EEC.

Brand was just one day old, having being born on June 4, a day before the poll.

In 1975 Microsoft was founded by 19 year old Bill gates and 22 year old Paul Allen, the company would help revolutionised our relationship with technology with its popualr line of personal computers.

Britain joined the European Economic Community, as the EU was then called, in 1973.

But it was a rocky union from the start and three years later Harold Wilson's Labour Party government held a referendum on membership in 5 June 1975.

Wilson had won the British general election on a platform that included a pledge to renegotiate the terms of British membership in the EEC, and the issue split his party.

Wilson led the successful referendum campaign that secured Britain's membership in the European Community under renegotiated terms of membership.

The new leader of the opposition Conservative party, Margaret Thatcher, also campaigned to remain in the European Union in 1975.

She later became prime minister between 1979 and 1990, and as prime minister she became known for her tough line with Brussels.

Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of the Institute of Historical Research at the University of London says the issue of Europe has long troubled British politicians.

"The parties has flipped and flopped over their views of Europe all the way through since the 1960s and in the early 1970s the Labour party was in a way as divided then as the Conservative party is today. "

In 1975 a majority of 67 percent said "yes" to the question: Do you think that the United Kingdom should remain part of the European Community ?

Though membership was secured, the divides within Labour didn't go away, with many leading Cabinet ministers viewing the EEC as incompatible with the aims of socialism.

That fissure, among others, would weaken Labour and pave the way for the election in 1979 of Margaret Thatcher's Conservatives.

Times were tough and globalisation threatend traditional British industry. The great powershouses of the industrial revolution were fading away. Industrial disputes were a common occurence.

"Many of the great industries which had been part of Britain's pioneering of the industrial revoultion were being hollowed out. We were pouring a lot of money into them because many of them were nationalised and the tax payer was paying hundreds of millions to keep things like shipbuilding and steel going, but unfortunately we were making the kind of goods that were too expensive and not that well designed and so our car industry for example began to fold" explains Goldman.

The industrial world gave way to a more serviced based economy. But the virtual marketplace was still a long way off says Dejan Sudjic, Director of London's Design Museum.

"The idea that you could have a computing power on your desk was extraordinary, furturistic and mad."

Life was still very traditional says Goldman, family lesiure in the 1970s meant a day at the beach.

"Still very traditional (lifestyle). Still very simple, obviously none of the technologies that we use to fill our time, people went for their holiday and their leisure locally to the seaside whereever that might be, whichever was closest to them. Foreign travel was still quite rare the package holiday was starting but it was really for the more wealthy people."

But a shadow hung in the air, as the threat of terrorism was spreading from neighbouring Ireland and the Middle East.

Irish republicans, who wanted a divided Ireland reunited and a British withdrawal from Northern Ireland, had begun targeting mainland Britian.

The pub bombings in Birmingham in 1974 killed 21 people.

" 1974 is the day or the year of the famous Birmingham pub bombings, that was the moment when we realised that terror wouldn't stay in Ulster (Northern Ireland) and Londonderry, it was going to come to London, Birmingham and other places on the mainland as well. Terrorism in the Middle East was also new it was brought home to us in the Munich Olympics in 1972, when terror of course leading to the deaths of athletes reminded us of how vunerable major events are. But all this was relatively new at the time and shocking because of that since then of course we have had to cope with it as almost kind of a normal part of life, the threat that is ever present."

During the 1972 Munich Games, eight Palestinian gunmen, members of the Black September militant group entered the Olympic Village and took Israeli team members hostage.

A day later, all 11 were dead.

The drama started before dawn on Sept. 5, 1972, when eight members of a Palestinian terrorist group called Black September clambered over the unguarded fence of the Olympic village.

Wearing track suits and carrying weapons concealed in athletics bags, they burst into the building where the Israeli team was staying, shooting dead wrestling coach Moshe Weinberg and weightlifter Yossi Romano.

Some Israeli athletes slipped through a back door but nine were seized and tied to furniture. The terrorists demanded the release of more than 200 Palestinians held by Israel.

After a day of tense negotiations, the terrorists and their hostages were allowed to leave aboard two helicopters for the Fuerstenfeldbruck military airfield 16 miles away. The terrorists were promised a plane and safe passage to Cairo, Egypt.

Sharpshooters at the airfield opened fire as the terrorists and the hostages prepared to board a Lufthansa jet.

The guerrillas tossed grenades at the hostages, and one of the helicopters was blown up by a terrorist grenade. When the fighting died down, all nine Israeli captives were dead, along with five of their captors and one German policeman.

In the seventies the Soviet American space race was still underway...but by 1975 it had become more co-operative.

Goldman says "If you grew up in the 1960s and early 1970s space was a very exciting element of the kind of public discourse of television and the media of the age because both the Americans and the Soviets were involved in competition to put a man on the moon and develop space through satellites and so forth"

In July 1975, an American Apollo spaceship docked with a Soviet Soyuz spacecraft in orbit in the first superpower link-up of its kind.

The three-man American Apollo crew docked with a two-member Soviet team in Soyuz and the five conducted the first international manned experiments in space.

Today international teams of astronauts and cosmonauts collaborate onboard the International Space Station high above the earth.

One of the major themes of the current referendum debate is immigration.

The 1960s and 1970s saw large numbers of people moving to Britain from former colonies.

"Immigration was already an issue in Britain. It had been since the mid and late 1960s, so it is not as if some of the questions we are debating today are wholly new..far from it." adds Goldman.

West Indians, people from the English-speaking Caribbean, came mainly in the late 1950s and early 1960s, mostly for jobs in public transport. Asian immigration peaked in the 1970s.

Immigrants included Asians from East Africa, fleeing from or expelled by countries that had gained independence from Britain. The largest single group was 27,000 Asians, who were among 70,000 Asians expelled and their property seized by dictator Idi Amin in Uganda in 1972.

The non-white population, excluding those born in Britain, was 418,000 in the 1961 government census and 930,000 in the 1971 count.

Today 8 million people or 14% of the UK population belong to an ethnic minority according to 'A Portrait of Modern Britain' published in 2014 by Policy Exchange, a UK based think tank. The report added that most ethnic people live in urban areas.

In the early 1970s Britain's class system exerted more control over people's lives than now and Europe was another place - an expensive flight or ferry journey away.

Sudjic says times have changed and today the British are less frightened of foreign food and habits.

"The things that we eat, the things we have in our home have been transformed utterly. Britain was suspicious of something called garlic in those days, we drank more beer than we drink wine. Britain was still finding that France was full of exotic stuff like snails and onions. We have embraced all that."

Today Paris is a short (ish) train journey away, Londoners can nip off to the French capital for lunch at a boulveard cafe on the Champs Elysee.

Will Britons continued that awkward embrace or unfriend their neighbours across the sea ?

The EU referendum takes place on June 23, 2016.

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, April 3, 1973 (MUTE)

++4:3++

1. Mid of model wearing brown suit by Mary Quant

2. Mid of model wearing turquoise wool skirt by Donegal Designs

3. Mid of model wearing printed chiffon evening dress by Ossie Clark

AP TELEVISION

United States (no exact date and location available)

January 9, 1978

++4:3++

4. Punk group (Sex Pistols) playing and singing.

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, February 18, 2004

++4:3++

5. Jennifer Aniston, poses with Jamie Oliver and his wife Jools at a film premiere

AP TELEVISION

New York, 9 September 2014

6. Various shots David Beckham at clothes event

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, 26 March 2015

7. Arrival of Russell Brand at an event

AP TELEVISION

Rome, Italy, 3 September 1995

++4:3++

8. Bill Gates enters conference room

AP IMAGES

9. In this 1984 file photo, Bill Gates, founder and chairman of Microsoft Corp., is shown.

AP TELEVISION

Rome, Italy, 3 September 1995

++4:3++

10. Close-up Gates

AP TELEVISION

no exact dates or locations available, UK 1974

++4:3++

11. Various of shoppers and supermarkets

12. Cars on London street

13. Harold Wilson and wife pose for press at country home.

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 3, 1975 (MUTE)

++4:3++

14. Mid of Margaret Thatcher wearing a flags-of-Europe sweater, flanked by women also wearing pro-Europe sweaters

15. Mid of Thatcher trying to light a candle / torch

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 9, 2016

++16:9++

16. Set up Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of Institute of Historical Research, University of London

17. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of Institute of Historical Research, University of London

"The parties has flipped and flopped over their views of Europe all the way through since the 1960s and in the early 1970s the Labour party was in its way as divided then as the conservative party is today. "

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, April 26, 1975

++4:3++

18. Wide of Labour Party Conference

19. Harold Wilson addressing conference

UPSOUND : (English) Harold Wilson, Labour Party Leader and Prime Minister in 1975

" On this very fundamental test I know I will not convince those who take a different view, nor will they convince me in the light of my practical experience. But I believe it will be on this question above all others that a decision is finally taken by the people as a whole." Cutaway Michael Foot MP.

AP TELEVISION

United Kingdom, Feburary 10, 1974 - no exact location available (MUTE)

++4:3++

20. Various of non functioning coal mine during national coal strike

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 9, 2016

++16:9++

21. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of Institute of Historical Research, University of London

"Many of the great industries which had been part of Britain's pioneering of the industrial revoultion were being hollowed out. We were pouring a lot of money into them because many of them were nationalised, and the tax payer was paying hundreds of millions to keep things like shipbuilding and steel going, but unfortunately we were making the kind of goods that were too expensive and not that well designed and so our car industry for example began to fold."

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, September 24, 1973 (MUTE)

++4:3++

22. Ford workers walking out of various plants

23. Wide of Ford cars on train

24. Wide entrance to a Ford plant, minimal activity

25. Mid sign Gate 1 Engine Plant

26. Tracking shot along halted production line of Ford engines

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 9, 2016

++16:9++

27. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dejan Sudjic, Director of Design Museum

" Computers were still the size of a room. The idea that you could have a computing power on your desk would have seemed extraordinary, furturistic and mad."

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 3, 1975 (MUTE)

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28. Various of people in an office

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 9, 2016

++16:9++

29. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of Institute of Historical Research, University of London

"Still very traditional (lifestyle). Still very simple, obviously none of the technologies that we use to fill our time, people went for their holiday and their leisure locally to the seaside whereever that might be, whichever was closest to them. Foreign travel was still quite rare the package holiday was starting but it was really for the more wealthy people."

AP TELEVISION

Bournemouth, United Kingdom (undated 1973) (MUTE)

++4:3++

30. Various of people at the seaside

AP PHOTOS - NO ACCESS CANADA/BROADCAST USE ONLY/STRICTLY NO ACCESS ONLINE OR MOBILE

Birmingham, United Kingdom, 22 November 1974

31. STILL showing a general view of wreckage inside The Mulberry Bush public house, one of two pubs bombed in Birmingham in 1974

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, December 27, 1973 (MUTE)

++4:3++

32. Various of aftermath of IRA bombing of Stevedore pub

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 9, 2016

++16:9++

33. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of Institute of Historical Research, University of London

" 1974 is the day or the year of the famous Birmingham pub bombings, that was the moment when we realised that terror wouldn't stay in Ulster (Northern Ireland) and Londonderry, it was going to come to London, Birmingham and other places on the mainland as well. Terrorism in the Middle East was also new it was brought home to us in the Munich Olympics in 1972, when terror of course leading to the deaths of athletes reminded us of how vunerable major events were. But all this was relatively new at the time and shocking because of that since then of course we have had to cope with it as almost kind of a normal part of life, the threat that is ever present."

AP IMAGES

34. In this Sept. 5, 1972, file photo, a member of the Arab Commando group which seized members of the Israeli Olympic Team at their quarters at the Munich Olympic Village appears with a hood over his face on the balcony of the village building where the commandos held several members of the Israeli team hostage.

35. West German policemen wearing sweatsuits, bullet-proof vests and armed with submachine guns, take up positions on September 5, 1972 on Olympic Village rooftops where armed Palestine commandos were holding Israeli team members hostage

36. Ankie Spitzer, widow of the Israeli fencing coach, Andre Spitzer, who was slain by Arab terrorists Sept. 5, surveys the room where the incident occurred at Munich's Olympic Village in West Germany on Sept. 8, 1972. The chalk circles on the wall were made by West German police to trace the impact of the bullets.

NASA

Date and location unknown (1975)

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37. Rocket launch

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 9, 2016

++16:9++

38. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of Institute of Historical Research, University of London

"If you grew up in the 1960s and early 1970s space was a very exciting element of the kind of public discourse of the television and the media of the age because both the Americans and the Soviets were involved in competition to put a man on the moon and to develop space through satellites and so forth"

NASA

Date and location unknown (1975)

++4:3++

39. Soyuz and Apollo join together, astronauts and cosmonauts meet

AP TELEVISION (MUTE)

no exact dates or locations available, UK 1974

++4:3++

40. Wide of building site

41. Man working on building site

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 9, 2016

++16:9++

42. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of Institute of Historical Research, University of London

"Immigration was already an issue in Britain. It had been since the mid and late 1960s, so it is not as if some of the questions we are debating today are wholly new..far from it."

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, September 24, 1973 (MUTE)

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43. Various men take part in industrial action at Ford plant, ethnic minorities amongst them

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, April 30, 1973 (MUTE)

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44. Various of rail station during national strike

45. Various of street scenes, buses

AP TELEVISION

Ascot, United Kingdom, June 17, 1974 (MUTE)

++4:3++

46. The Queen in a carriage

47. Wide of racegoers in top hats

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 9, 2016

++16:9++

48. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dejan Sudjic, Director of Design Museum

"The things that we eat, the things we have in our home have been transformed utterly. Britain was suspicious of something called garlic in those days, we drank more beer than we drink wine. People were still finding that France was exotic, full of dangerous stuff like snails and onions. We have embraced all that."

AP TELEVISION

Cannes, France - May 11 1973 (MUTE)

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49. Various of Cannes

50. Mid tilt up of woman sunbathing

AP TELEVISION

Paris, France - October 20, 1970 (MUTE)

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51. Wide of Eiffel Tower

AP TELEVISION

Paris, France - July 26, 1975 (MUTE)

++4:3++

52. Various of models showing off clothes by designer Ted Lapidus on Parisian street at boulevard cafe

Both the supporters and the opponents of Brexit gathered outside the UK parliament on Wednesday, after British lawmakers voted against leaving the EU without a deal or so-called no-deal Brexit.

Although the lawmakers' 321-278 vote has no legal force, Deborah Houland was amongst those who were celebrating the results of the vote in the House of Commons.

She said that she has "never been so relieved" in her life, and was now hoping that Article 50, the legal process that triggers the Brexit process, will be revokek.

Meanwhile, Pam Watts, a pro-Brexit protester said the 17.4 million people who voted for Brexit in 2016 will not accept any alternative options other than leaving the EU bloc.

The British parliament is scheduled to decide on Thursday whether to put an extension on Article 50.

Catherine Barnard, professor of law at University of Cambridge warned, however, that delaying Brexit would need EU approval even if British lawmakers vote in favour of an extension.

London - 13 March 2019

++NIGHT SHOTS++

1. Remain protesters cheering and hugging each other after the vote on no-deal Brexit

2. EU flag

3. SOUNDBITE (English) Vox pop, Deborah Houland, pro-remain protester:

"I'm just elated. I've never ever felt so relieved about anything in my life. This is just what we needed because this country was about to face the biggest crisis its ever faced and now we've got a chance. If we have a soft Brexit, whatever, as long as is it wasn't a hard Brexit we can deal with it. Hopefully, hopefully Artic