LEAD IN:

For decades Britain's discontent over its European Union (EU) membership has simmered on, but then came the June referendum.

Nationalism surfaced and Britain's voted to leave the EU.

Brexit as it became known sent shockwaves through money markets and governments around the world.

STORY-LINE:

In the weeks running up to referendum judgement day, the British were busy with a little soul searching.

Mulling over their shared history, the country's pride in their democracy and heritage.

It was a year when Queen Elizabeth celebrated being the longest reigning UK monarch and the country celebrated her ninetieth birthday.

The pomp and ceremony from her recent jubilee were still a source of pride and were reminiscent of the heydays when London style was considered to be world leading.

In the 1960's British fashion and British pop were riding high.

That sense of being at the vanguard of style has continued, according to Robert Johnston the Fashion Director of GQ Magazine: "You also think street scene, you think east London, you think hipsters, you think the most vibrant street fashion possibly in the world."

Author Iain Aitch explained how a variety of heritages were now mixed up, making Britishness a more complex idea to communicate: "Everyone might say a Sunday roast or fish and chips, that's a quintessentially British meal, but then suddenly everyone says it's chicken tikka masala."

But it wasn't this hipster, Brick Lane art and curry house side of Britain that won the vote.

The referendum on June 23rd was to signal the start of a long debate.

Britons for the first time had to absorb what being outside of the EU looked like.

Britain joined what was then called the European Economic Community in January 1973.

This was ratified by a referendum in 1975 with a resounding 67% majority.

By the seventies, Britain was beset by strikes and disgruntled union workers.

Traditional industries such as manufacturing and coal were in decline in the mid seventies.

Unemployment exceeded one million for the first time in March 1975. By the August that figure had increased to 1.25 million.

Some 83,000 immigrants were living in the UK by 1975, mostly from the Commonwealth.

According to Migration Watch UK for the year ending December 2015, net migration to the UK was 333,000.

And the lady had yet to turn. Margaret Thatcher MP (then leader of the opposition) campaigned to stay in the European Economic Community.

Later as prime minister between 1979 and 1990, Thatcher was known for her tough line with Brussels, especially during negotiations for the Maastrict Treaty in 1992.

The city of Maastrict is the home of the treaty which created the EU.

As summer arrived, businesses, leading universities and research establishments were beginning to assess the impact of Brexit.

For science and medicine, concerns were two fold.

Britain had attracted thousands of top researchers as well as billions of Euros in grants.

They went into research like this at Kings College London.

This project is a multidisciplinary look at the potential causes and effects of autism. It's a long term project which is linked to other studies across Europe.

Doctors and scientists aren't worried about losing cash in the short term, but falling behind in the knowledge race in the long term, especially as Britain has sought to place itself as a central base for the new industrial technologies.

The other fear is losing the brains which have been drawn to British research, people who now fear they will need to move to other institutions to keep up with the cash and the research.

Lead scientist at King's College Professor Declan Murphy warned: "Big questions need big populations to come up with the right answers, and we simply cannot deliver the amount of patients for the amount of science from one centre from one country."

The EU's Horizon 2020 budget is 80-billion Euro which funds medicine and science research across Europe.

Britain's split from the EU will leave a funding gap as well as a brain drain, according to Murphy. He argues it will be the children with autism like Van Velzen who will lose out.

As an island nation, boat building and sales have been important to the UK.

The industry fears rough waters may be ahead for Britain's luxury yacht industry, but right now it's riding on a wave caused by the plunge in the pound's value.

Phil Popham, the CEO of Sunseeker International was cautious: "We've benefited because of the weakness of the pound, but its all about business confidence."

Others like Russell Currie, the Managing Director of Fairline Yachts, says he already had cause to worry: "We've had an overnight decrease in the price of our boats in areas such as the European market."

British Marine's chief executive Howard Pridding tried to show more confidence in the course ahead: "Obviously, industry and business need stability and the time it will take to exit from the European Union will be problematic."

An estimated 1.2 million Britons live in other EU countries, mostly France, Portugal and Spain according to Britain's House of Commons library.

But that's a conservative figure because many expats don't bother registering with their embassies or the local authorities.

At Mijas on Spain's Costa del Sol, many Brits don't want to return to Blighty.

Used to the sun, sea and cafe society, some British residents are so concerned that their lives on the Costas are threatened, that after many years they're finally learning to speak Spanish.

According to Mijas' Mayor Juan Carlos Maldonado: "When the results of the Brexit (referendum) were known, a big uncertainty was created."

Local traders are also keen to keep the British on the Costa.

Many are retired and spend their pensions here.

Bar owner Sergio Morales says: "Most of our clients here, around 80% of them, are British."

A cloud of uncertainty still hangs over British expats in Spain and elsewhere in Europe.

And it's possible a string of similar nationality schools for expats may spring up.

Not everyone was bemoaning the onset of Brexit.

The art and antique market experienced a mini boom according to London dealers at this winter fair.

The weak pound against the dollar and Euro has seen American collectors in particular start to snap up bargains with savings of beween 25 and 30 per cent compared with six months ago.

Art dealers are reporting a similar trend.

They say investors see the arts market as a safe refuge in uncertain times.

As Christmas approaches the toy industry is bracing itself and Santa is wondering whether he'll have much to be jolly about.

It's the time of year when manufacturers and retailers count on making their biggest cash bonus of the year.

According to industry analyst Frederique Tutt: "Since the Brexit vote the toy market has been faring really well with an increase of three percent."

That's because toy retailers buy stock almost a year in advance and can keep prices stable, but the toy dealers here admit next year the stockings left out for Father Chrismas may have shrunk considerably.

There's nothing as Christmassy as a Christmas tree, but in Denmark the outlook for tree producers isn't quite so evergreen.

According to the Danish Christmas Tree Association, the small Scandinavian country grows around 11.5 million trees a year.

About 9.5 million of those are exported.

But these are challenging times and currency fluctuations are having an effect on trade.

Speaking about his members, Claus Jerram Christensen of the Danish Christmas Tree Association says: "They have experienced that the low exchange rate for the sterling pound makes it more difficult to achieve the same prices."

The true impact of Brexit on Britain and Europe as a whole is still to an extent unknown.

The UK government had announced it was to trigger Article 50 next March to start negotiations to leave EU.

But since then, Brexit has twice been contested in the High Court.

One ruling has already stated Britain's law makers should be allowed a vote in Parliament beforehand.

Breaking up, it seems, really is hard to do.

AP Television

London, UK - 22 February 2016

1. Wide of UK Houses of Parliament as London bus passes

2. Close of clock face at the top of Elizabeth Tower, which houses Big Ben

AP Television

London, UK - 16 June 2016

3. Wide of Big Ben as seen from Buckingham Palace

4. Wide of Buckingham Palace

POOL

London, UK - 3 June 2012

5. Queen Elizabeth II with Prince Philip (centre), Charles (left) and Camilla (right) on royal barge during Diamond Jubilee celebrations

6. Mid of Duke and Duchess of Cambridge and Prince Harry on royal barge

7. Pull out of royal barge sailing down River Thames during Diamond Jubilee celebrations

AP Television

London, UK - 11 June, 2016

8. Mid of Queen Elizabeth II in carriage during the Trooping of the Colour for her 90th birthday celebrations

9. Wide of Guardsmen in ceremonial marching during the celebrations

AP Television

London, UK - 1960s

++BLACK AND WHITE FOOTAGE / MUTE++

++4:3++

10. Close tilt down of man putting shirt in carrier bag

11. Wide of man by scooters

UNIVERSAL ARCHIVES

London, UK - 31 October 1963

++BLACK AND WHITE FOOTAGE / MUTE++

++4:3++

12. Various of Beatles getting off plane in London

AP Television

London, UK - 7 June 2016

++16:9++

13. SOUNDBITE (English) Robert Johnston, Fashion Director, GQ Magazine UK

"You also think street scene, you think east London, you think hipsters, you think the most vibrant street fashion possibly in the world."

AP Television

London, UK - 3 July 2012

14. Punk and goth street fashion in Camden

AP Television

London, UK - 16 June, 2016

15. Hipster in Brick Lane cafe

16. Pull focus of street sign reading: (English) "Brick Lane E1"

17. Various of curry houses on Brick Lane

AP Television

Margate, UK - 8 June 2016

18. Various of Margate beach and people relaxing in sunshine

19. SOUNDBITE (English) Iain Aitch, Author:

"Everyone might say a Sunday roast or fish and chips, that's a quintessentially British meal, but then suddenly everyone says it's chicken tikka masala."

20. Various of takeaway fish and chips being served

AP Television

London, United Kingdom, April 30, 1973 (MUTE)

++4:3++

21. Red buses on a London street

AP Television

London, United Kingdom, September 24, 1973 (MUTE)

++4:3++

22. Tilt down of Ford workers walking out of various plants

23. Wide of Ford cars on a train

24. Various men take part in industrial action at Ford plant

AP Television

United Kingdom, February 10, 1974 - no exact location available

++4:3++

25. Various of non functioning coal mines during national coal strike

AP Television

London, United Kingdom, June 3, 1975 (MUTE)

++4:3++

26. Mid of Margaret Thatcher wearing a flags-of-Europe sweater, flanked by women also wearing pro-Europe sweaters

AP Television

Maastricht, Netherlands - 7 June 2016

++16:9++

27. Clocktower of Maastricht town hall with EU, Limburg and Maastricht flags

28. Wide of streets in the town

AP Television

London, UK - 7 July 2016

29. Various of autistic teenager Rens Van Velzen completing other puzzles with black and yellow blocks against the clock

30. Close tilt down of the psychologist on the autism study at Kings College London timing Rens Van Velzen during test

31. Close of Van Velzen

32. SOUNDBITE (English) Professor Declan Murphy lead scientist, EU Aims study on autism, Kings College London:

"Big questions need big populations to come up with the right answers, and we simply cannot deliver the amount of patients for the amount of science from one centre or from one country."

33. Various of Van Velzen being tested in eye tracking unit at Kings College London

AP Television

Southampton, UK - 16 September 2016

34. Wide of Southampton Boat Show 2016, cruise ship in background

35. Tilt down to pontoon, boats and visitors

36. Close of 'Sunseeker' flag

37. Various of Sunseeker 95 Yacht exterior

38. SOUNDBITE (English) Phil Popham, CEO of Sunseeker International:

"We've benefited because of the weakness of the pound, but its all about business confidence."

39. Various of Fairline yacht

40. SOUNDBITE (English) Russell Currie, Managing Director of Fairline Yachts:

"We've had an overnight decrease in the price of our boats in areas such as the European market

41. Zoom out from cruise ship docked near boat show

42. SOUNDBITE (English) Howard Pridding, Chief Executive of British Marine:

"Industry and business need stability and the time it will take to exit from the European Union will be problematic"

AP Television

Mijas, Malaga - October 6, 2016

43. Wide of coastal area of Mijas

44. Pan of typical apartments in the area and people walking by the sea side

45. Various of British pensioners taking Spanish classes in the Parnell School

46. Various of Juan Mayor Carlos Maldonado in his office

47. SOUNDBITE (Spanish) Juan Carlos Maldonado, Mayor of Mijas:

"When the results of the Brexit (referendum) were known, a big uncertainty was created."

48. Various of family walking near beach

49. Pan from people walking up steps from the beach to the owner of Royal Beach cafe talking

50. SOUNDBITE (Spanish) Sergio Morales, co-owner of Royal Beach bar in Mijas:

"Most of our clients here, around 80% of them, are British."

AP Television

London, UK - 1 November 2016

51. Pull focus of bronze Japanese archer

52. Mid of men admiring antique chandelier

53. Art dealer Tanya Baxter showing painting to visitor

54. Close tilt down of painting 'Paper Bride in Waiting' by Zeng Chuanxing (price £120,000/ USD 147,000)

55. Wide of antique clock stand

AP Television

London, UK - 9 November 2016

56. Mid of Tiana Wilson with Santa who is holding a Hatchimal waiting for the toy to hatch

57. Wide of girl playing with toy on chair

58. Mid zoom in to boys playing with Bluetooth Furbys

59. Low mid view of caterpillar going past boys and Furbys

60. SOUNDBITE (English) Frederique Tutt, toy industry analyst, NPD:

"Since the Brexit vote the toy market has been faring really well with an increase of three percent."

AP Television

Lundby, Denmark - 22 November 2016

61. Mid tilt up of Christmas tree plantation

62. Wide of plantation through tops of trees

AP Television

Copenhagen, Denmark - 21 November 2016

63. SOUNDBITE (English) Claus Jerram Christensen, Managing Director of the Danish Christmas Tree Association:

"The low exchange rate for the sterling pound makes it more difficult to achieve the same prices."

64. Mid of large container truck filled with trees pulling out of yard stacked with trees

65. Pan across field of Christmas tree saplings for 2018 and beyond

WORLD BREXIT REVIEW

SOURCE: AP HORIZONS, LIFESTYLE, HEALTH AND TECHNOLOGY / POOL

RESTRICTIONS: HORIZONS CLIENTS AND AP LIFESTYLE, HEALTH AND TECHNOLOGY CLIENTS ONLY

LENGTH: 6.44

SHOTLIST:

AP Television

London, UK - 22 February 2016

1. Wide of UK Houses of Parliament as London bus passes

2. Close of clock face at the top of Elizabeth Tower, which houses Big Ben

AP Television

London, UK - 16 June 2016

3. Wide of Big Ben as seen from Buckingham Palace

4. Wide of Buckingham Palace

POOL

London, UK - 3 June 2012

5. Queen Elizabeth II with Prince Philip (centre), Charles (left) and Camilla (right) on royal barge during Diamond Jubilee celebrations

6. Mid of Duke and Duchess of Cambridge and Prince Harry on royal barge

7. Pull out of royal barge sailing down River Thames during Diamond Jubilee celebrations

AP Television

London, UK - 11 June, 2016

8. Mid of Queen Elizabeth II in carriage during the Trooping of the Colour for her 90th birthday celebrations

9. Wide of Guardsmen in ceremonial marching during the celebrations

AP Television

London, UK - 1960s

++BLACK AND WHITE FOOTAGE / MUTE++

++4:3++

10. Close tilt down of man putting shirt in carrier bag

11. Wide of man by scooters

UNIVERSAL ARCHIVES

London, UK - 31 October 1963

++BLACK AND WHITE FOOTAGE / MUTE++

++4:3++

12. Various of Beatles getting off plane in London

AP Television

London, UK - 7 June 2016

++16:9++

13. SOUNDBITE (English) Robert Johnston, Fashion Director, GQ Magazine UK

"You also think street scene, you think east London, you think hipsters, you think the most vibrant street fashion possibly in the world."

AP Television

London, UK - 3 July 2012

14. Punk and goth street fashion in Camden

AP Television

London, UK - 16 June, 2016

15. Hipster in Brick Lane cafe

16. Pull focus of street sign reading: (English) "Brick Lane E1"

17. Various of curry houses on Brick Lane

AP Television

Margate, UK - 8 June 2016

18. Various of Margate beach and people relaxing in sunshine

19. SOUNDBITE (English) Iain Aitch, Author:

"Everyone might say a Sunday roast or fish and chips, that's a quintessentially British meal, but then suddenly everyone says it's chicken tikka masala."

20. Various of takeaway fish and chips being served

AP Television

London, United Kingdom, April 30, 1973 (MUTE)

++4:3++

21. Red buses on a London street

AP Television

London, United Kingdom, September 24, 1973 (MUTE)

++4:3++

22. Tilt down of Ford workers walking out of various plants

23. Wide of Ford cars on a train

24. Various men take part in industrial action at Ford plant

AP Television

United Kingdom, February 10, 1974 - no exact location available

++4:3++

25. Various of non functioning coal mines during national coal strike

AP Television

London, United Kingdom, June 3, 1975 (MUTE)

++4:3++

26. Mid of Margaret Thatcher wearing a flags-of-Europe sweater, flanked by women also wearing pro-Europe sweaters

AP Television

Maastricht, Netherlands - 7 June 2016

++16:9++

27. Clocktower of Maastricht town hall with EU, Limburg and Maastricht flags

28. Wide of streets in the town

AP Television

London, UK - 7 July 2016

29. Various of autistic teenager Rens Van Velzen completing other puzzles with black and yellow blocks against the clock

30. Close tilt down of the psychologist on the autism study at Kings College London timing Rens Van Velzen during test

31. Close of Van Velzen

32. SOUNDBITE (English) Professor Declan Murphy lead scientist, EU Aims study on autism, Kings College London:

"Big questions need big populations to come up with the right answers, and we simply cannot deliver the amount of patients for the amount of science from one centre or from one country."

33. Various of Van Velzen being tested in eye tracking unit at Kings College London

AP Television

Southampton, UK - 16 September 2016

34. Wide of Southampton Boat Show 2016, cruise ship in background

35. Tilt down to pontoon, boats and visitors

36. Close of 'Sunseeker' flag

37. Various of Sunseeker 95 Yacht exterior

38. SOUNDBITE (English) Phil Popham, CEO of Sunseeker International:

"We've benefited because of the weakness of the pound, but its all about business confidence."

39. Various of Fairline yacht

40. SOUNDBITE (English) Russell Currie, Managing Director of Fairline Yachts:

"We've had an overnight decrease in the price of our boats in areas such as the European market

41. Zoom out from cruise ship docked near boat show

42. SOUNDBITE (English) Howard Pridding, Chief Executive of British Marine:

"Industry and business need stability and the time it will take to exit from the European Union will be problematic"

AP Television

Mijas, Malaga - October 6, 2016

43. Wide of coastal area of Mijas

44. Pan of typical apartments in the area and people walking by the sea side

45. Various of British pensioners taking Spanish classes in the Parnell School

46. Various of Juan Mayor Carlos Maldonado in his office

47. SOUNDBITE (Spanish) Juan Carlos Maldonado, Mayor of Mijas:

"When the results of the Brexit (referendum) were known, a big uncertainty was created."

48. Various of family walking near beach

49. Pan from people walking up steps from the beach to the owner of Royal Beach cafe talking

50. SOUNDBITE (Spanish) Sergio Morales, co-owner of Royal Beach bar in Mijas:

"Most of our clients here, around 80% of them, are British."

AP Television

London, UK - 1 November 2016

51. Pull focus of bronze Japanese archer

52. Mid of men admiring antique chandelier

53. Art dealer Tanya Baxter showing painting to visitor

54. Close tilt down of painting 'Paper Bride in Waiting' by Zeng Chuanxing (price £120,000/ USD 147,000)

55. Wide of antique clock stand

AP Television

London, UK - 9 November 2016

56. Mid of Tiana Wilson with Santa who is holding a Hatchimal waiting for the toy to hatch

57. Wide of girl playing with toy on chair

58. Mid zoom in to boys playing with Bluetooth Furbys

59. Low mid view of caterpillar going past boys and Furbys

60. SOUNDBITE (English) Frederique Tutt, toy industry analyst, NPD:

"Since the Brexit vote the toy market has been faring really well with an increase of three percent."

AP Television

Lundby, Denmark - 22 November 2016

61. Mid tilt up of Christmas tree plantation

62. Wide of plantation through tops of trees

AP Television

Copenhagen, Denmark - 21 November 2016

63. SOUNDBITE (English) Claus Jerram Christensen, Managing Director of the Danish Christmas Tree Association:

"The low exchange rate for the sterling pound makes it more difficult to achieve the same prices."

64. Mid of large container truck filled with trees pulling out of yard stacked with trees

65. Pan across field of Christmas tree saplings for 2018 and beyond

LEADIN:

For decades Britain's discontent over its European Union (EU) membership has simmered on, but then came the June referendum.

Nationalism surfaced and Britain's voted to leave the EU.

Brexit as it became known sent shockwaves through money markets and governments around the world.

STORYLINE:

In the weeks running up to referendum judgement day, the British were busy with a little soul searching.

Mulling over their shared history, the country's pride in their democracy and heritage.

It was a year when Queen Elizabeth celebrated being the longest reigning UK monarch and the country celebrated her ninetieth birthday.

The pomp and ceremony from her recent jubilee were still a source of pride and were reminiscent of the heydays when London style was considered to be world leading.

In the 1960's British fashion and British pop were riding high.

That sense of being at the vanguard of style has continued, according to Robert Johnston the Fashion Director of GQ Magazine: "You also think street scene, you think east London, you think hipsters, you think the most vibrant street fashion possibly in the world."

Author Iain Aitch explained how a variety of heritages were now mixed up, making Britishness a more complex idea to communicate: "Everyone might say a Sunday roast or fish and chips, that's a quintessentially British meal, but then suddenly everyone says it's chicken tikka masala."

But it wasn't this hipster, Brick Lane art and curry house side of Britain that won the vote.

The referendum on June 23rd was to signal the start of a long debate.

Britons for the first time had to absorb what being outside of the EU looked like.

Britain joined what was then called the European Economic Community in January 1973.

This was ratified by a referendum in 1975 with a resounding 67% majority.

By the seventies, Britain was beset by strikes and disgruntled union workers.

Traditional industries such as manufacturing and coal were in decline in the mid seventies.

Unemployment exceeded one million for the first time in March 1975. By the August that figure had increased to 1.25 million.

Some 83,000 immigrants were living in the UK by 1975, mostly from the Commonwealth.

According to Migration Watch UK for the year ending December 2015, net migration to the UK was 333,000.

And the lady had yet to turn. Margaret Thatcher MP (then leader of the opposition) campaigned to stay in the European Economic Community.

Later as prime minister between 1979 and 1990, Thatcher was known for her tough line with Brussels, especially during negotiations for the Maastrict Treaty in 1992.

The city of Maastrict is the home of the treaty which created the EU.

As summer arrived, businesses, leading universities and research establishments were beginning to assess the impact of Brexit.

For science and medicine, concerns were two fold.

Britain had attracted thousands of top researchers as well as billions of Euros in grants.

They went into research like this at Kings College London.

This project is a multidisciplinary look at the potential causes and effects of autism. It's a long term project which is linked to other studies across Europe.

Doctors and scientists aren't worried about losing cash in the short term, but falling behind in the knowledge race in the long term, especially as Britain has sought to place itself as a central base for the new industrial technologies.

The other fear is losing the brains which have been drawn to British research, people who now fear they will need to move to other institutions to keep up with the cash and the research.

Lead scientist at King's College Professor Declan Murphy warned: "Big questions need big populations to come up with the right answers, and we simply cannot deliver the amount of patients for the amount of science from one centre from one country."

The EU's Horizon 2020 budget is 80-billion Euro which funds medicine and science research across Europe.

Britain's split from the EU will leave a funding gap as well as a brain drain, according to Murphy. He argues it will be the children with autism like Van Velzen who will lose out.

As an island nation, boat building and sales have been important to the UK.

The industry fears rough waters may be ahead for Britain's luxury yacht industry, but right now it's riding on a wave caused by the plunge in the pound's value.

Phil Popham, the CEO of Sunseeker International was cautious: "We've benefited because of the weakness of the pound, but its all about business confidence."

Others like Russell Currie, the Managing Director of Fairline Yachts, says he already had cause to worry: "We've had an overnight decrease in the price of our boats in areas such as the European market."

British Marine's chief executive Howard Pridding tried to show more confidence in the course ahead: "Obviously, industry and business need stability and the time it will take to exit from the European Union will be problematic."

An estimated 1.2 million Britons live in other EU countries, mostly France, Portugal and Spain according to Britain's House of Commons library.

But that's a conservative figure because many expats don't bother registering with their embassies or the local authorities.

At Mijas on Spain's Costa del Sol, many Brits don't want to return to Blighty.

Used to the sun, sea and cafe society, some British residents are so concerned that their lives on the Costas are threatened, that after many years they're finally learning to speak Spanish.

According to Mijas' Mayor Juan Carlos Maldonado: "When the results of the Brexit (referendum) were known, a big uncertainty was created."

Local traders are also keen to keep the British on the Costa.

Many are retired and spend their pensions here.

Bar owner Sergio Morales says: "Most of our clients here, around 80% of them, are British."

A cloud of uncertainty still hangs over British expats in Spain and elsewhere in Europe.

And it's possible a string of similar nationality schools for expats may spring up.

Not everyone was bemoaning the onset of Brexit.

The art and antique market experienced a mini boom according to London dealers at this winter fair.

The weak pound against the dollar and Euro has seen American collectors in particular start to snap up bargains with savings of beween 25 and 30 per cent compared with six months ago.

Art dealers are reporting a similar trend.

They say investors see the arts market as a safe refuge in uncertain times.

As Christmas approaches the toy industry is bracing itself and Santa is wondering whether he'll have much to be jolly about.

It's the time of year when manufacturers and retailers count on making their biggest cash bonus of the year.

According to industry analyst Frederique Tutt: "Since the Brexit vote the toy market has been faring really well with an increase of three percent."

That's because toy retailers buy stock almost a year in advance and can keep prices stable, but the toy dealers here admit next year the stockings left out for Father Chrismas may have shrunk considerably.

There's nothing as Christmassy as a Christmas tree, but in Denmark the outlook for tree producers isn't quite so evergreen.

According to the Danish Christmas Tree Association, the small Scandinavian country grows around 11.5 million trees a year.

About 9.5 million of those are exported.

But these are challenging times and currency fluctuations are having an effect on trade.

Speaking about his members, Claus Jerram Christensen of the Danish Christmas Tree Association says: "They have experienced that the low exchange rate for the sterling pound makes it more difficult to achieve the same prices."

The true impact of Brexit on Britain and Europe as a whole is still to an extent unknown.

The UK government had announced it was to trigger Article 50 next March to start negotiations to leave EU.

But since then, Brexit has twice been contested in the High Court.

One ruling has already stated Britain's law makers should be allowed a vote in Parliament beforehand.

Breaking up, it seems, really is hard to do.

====

Clients are reminded:

(i) to check the terms of their licence agreements for use of content outside news programming and that further advice and assistance can be obtained from the AP Archive on: Tel +44 (0) 20 7482 7482 Email: info@aparchive.com.

(ii) they should check with the applicable collecting society in their Territory regarding the clearance of any sound recording or performance included within the AP Television News service

(iii) they have editorial responsibility for the use of all and any content included within the AP Television News service and for libel, privacy, compliance and third party rights applicable to their Territory.

RESTRICTION SUMMARY: AP CLIENTS ONLY

SHOTLIST:

++NO CUTAWAYS AVAILABLE++

POOL - AP CLIENTS ONLY

Jackson - 24 August 2016

++ONE CONTINUES SEQUENCE++

1. SOUNDBITE (English) Donald Trump, Republican presidential nominee

"This is a great honour for me, I am going right now to invite onto the stage the man behind Brexit, and a man who led, brilliantly, the United Kingdom Independence Party in this fight and won despite all odds, despite horrible name calling, despite so many obstacles, ladies and gentlemen, Mr. Nigel Farage."

2. Trump turns to look to his right for Farage, has to turn around as Farage enters stage from Trump's left side, both men shake hands and Farage walks up to microphone

3. SOUNDBITE (English) Nigel Farage, former leader of UK Independence party and leading Brexit campaigner:

"Well thank you and good evening Mississippi. I come to you from the United Kingdom with a message of hope and a message of optimism. It's a message that says, if the little people, if the real people, if the ordinary decent people are prepared to stand up and fight for what they believe in, we can overcome the big banks, we can overcome the multi-nationals. And we did it, we made June 23rd our Independence Day when we smashed the establishment."

++NO END SHOT++

STORYLINE:

The former leader of the UK Independence party appeared on stage with Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump at a campaign rally in Jackson, Mississippi, on Wednesday.

Trump paid tribute to Nigel Farage as "the man behind Brexit... who won despite all odds".

In turn, Farage said he had traveled to the US with a message of "hope... and optimism".

===========================================================

Clients are reminded:

(i) to check the terms of their licence agreements for use of content outside news programming and that further advice and assistance can be obtained from the AP Archive on: Tel +44 (0) 20 7482 7482 Email: info@aparchive.com

(ii) they should check with the applicable collecting society in their Territory regarding the clearance of any sound recording or performance included within the AP Television News service

(iii) they have editorial responsibility for the use of all and any content included within the AP Television News service and for libel, privacy, compliance and third party rights applicable to their Territory.

STORYLINE

Britain and the European Union warned December 8th that talks on a post-Brexit free-trade deal are teetering on the brink of collapse, with just over three weeks until an economic rupture that will cause upheaval for businesses on both sides of the English Channel.

Officials downplayed the chances of a breakthrough when Prime Minister Boris Johnson heads to Brussels for face-to-face talks with European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen in the next few days.

With negotiators deadlocked on key issues after months of tense talks, German European Affairs Minister Michael Roth said the bloc’s confidence in Britain was hanging in the balance.

Johnson’s Downing Street office said the situation was “very tricky” and collapse of the talks was a distinct possibility.

Johnson and von der Leyen, head of the EU’s executive arm, spoke by phone December 7th for the second time in 48 hours.

They said afterwards that “significant differences” remained on three key issues - fishing rights, fair-competition rules and the governance of future disputes - and “the conditions for finalizing an agreement are not there.”

The two leaders said in the joint statement that they planned to discuss the remaining differences “in a physical meeting in Brussels in the coming days.”

Leaders of the EU's 27 nations are holding a two-day summit in Brussels starting Thursday.

***

U.K. Prime Minister Boris Johnson arrived in Brussels on December 9th, ahead of crunch Brexit trade talks with European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen in the evening.

The leaders of Britain and the European Union will meet for a dinner that could pave the way to a post-Brexit trade deal - or tip the two sides toward a chaotic economic rupture at the end of the month.

They have just a few hours over a multi-course meal to unstick negotiations that are deadlocked on key aspects of the future relationship for the EU and Britain.

The U.K. left the EU on Jan. 31st after 47 years of membership, but remains within the bloc’s tariff-free single market and customs union until the end of the year.

Reaching a trade deal by then would ensure there are no tariffs or quotas on trade in goods on Jan. 1st, although there would still be new costs and red tape for businesses.

Failure to secure a trade deal would mean tariffs and other barriers that would hurt both sides, although most economists think the British economy would take a greater hit because the U.K. does almost half of its trade with the bloc.

***

As Brexit talks enter their decisive final days, there's still a big catch: the fishing industry.

It is holding up the trade deal between the European Union and recently departed Britain, putting at risk hundreds of thousands of jobs and tens of billions of euros in annual production losses.

French fishermen are anxious about a looming no-deal Brexit, following months of talks by negotiators seeking to cobble together a trade deal in the wake of their Brexit divorce.

While French and other European fishermen currently take much of their catch in UK waters, a no-deal Brexit could end or significantly limit that.

Twenty-eight year old fisherman Mathieu Pinto is concerned about the prospects of a no-deal Brexit.

Docking his boat, L'Ophelea, in the French port of Boulogne-Sur-Mer after a night of fishing sea-snails or whelk, Pinto said that the vast majority of his catch comes from British waters and there will be a "huge impact" on his business.

Pinto believes the consequences of the end of the current fishing policies would mean war amongst European boats fishing across the same coastal waters in France.

There is essentially not enough to go around, he said.

Pinto talks with other fishermen here in Boulogne and he says they are all just as scared as he is.

He says he is not yet ready to sell his boat but as someone who learned the trade handed down through his family, he is quickly losing his passion.

As well as France, the Netherlands, Belgium, Ireland and Denmark are among those directly implicated by the potential closing off of UK waters.

Brussels has proposed a 12-month period for continued reciprocal access to fishing waters but Britain has suggested this could be rejected.

For centuries, foreign fishermen shared the plentiful waters off Britain, and it has been no different since the UK joined the EU in 1973.

But as catches dwindled, sometimes to a fraction of their previous numbers because of ruthless overexploitation, the number of British fishermen has dwindled from 22,000 in 1975 to 12,000 in 2018.

Rightly or wrongly, EU trawlers venturing freely in UK waters came to be seen as a symbol of plunder and exploitation.

When Britain voted to leave, saving UK waters for UK fishermen became a rallying cry.

In an ideal scenario, British fishermen would have all the waters to themselves, able to expand what so long has been a diminishing industry but it's not that simple.

The EU came into the trade negotiations demanding that its boats continue being allowed to fish.

Even though Brexit left the bloc in a much weaker position, UK exports gave it leverage.

Some 80% of fish landed in the UK is exported, and three-quarters of that goes to the EU.

If the continent closes off its markets, fish would be left rotting on British quays.

The debate during the final days centers on how the issues of fishing rights for EU trawlers could be reconciled with low or no tariffs for UK exports through fish-processing hubs like Boulogne-sur-Mer.

***

Lorries travelling to the UK port of Dover were stuck in traffic jams that stretched back several kilometres on December 12th.

The queues built up even though it's three weeks before Britain leaves the European Union.

Logistics companies have reported a surge in demand for imports ahead of a potential no-deal Brexit.

The British government has warned that even with a deal, there could be queues as long as 100 kilometres if companies don't prepare the new paperwork.

***

Tensions were high in Dover on December 23rd as thousands of drivers remained stranded at the UK port.

Police were confronted by frustrated drivers in the road leading to the ferries, before backing away from the crowd.

People ran to return to their vehicles after officers signalled to move the traffic towards the port.

Many have been stuck in Dover for three days now after France banned travel from the UK on Sunday following news of a new variant of coronavirus spreading across south east England.

A deal was reached between the two countries to resume travel on December 23rd, as long as travellers showed a negative COVID test result from within the last 72 hours.

British Communities Secretary Robert Jenrick said around 4,000 trucks may be waiting in the county of Kent to cross the Channel and urged other truckers not to head there until the backlog is cleared.

It will take “a few days” to test all the drivers before they can travel to France, he said.

***

Scuffles broke out at the UK's Dover Port on December 23rd when police attempted to clear a route for health workers to arrive as efforts to clear a backlog of stranded drivers continued.

A police escort led in a group of cars carrying National Health Service test and trace workers and people were instructed to return to their vehicles as testing was about to commence.

However, some drivers who were stranded at the port were protesting by blocking vehicles from leaving the port.

A man was removed by police officers when he laid down in front of a truck.

Another protester attempted to stop a bus of port workers from entering.

Gridlock at the English port had kept thousands of truckers and travellers stranded on Wednesday despite a deal with France to lift a two-day blockade imposed because of a new variant of the coronavirus that had isolated Britain and raised fears of food shortages.

Nations around the world began barring people from Britain over the weekend after Prime Minister Boris Johnson announced that scientists said a new version of the virus whipping around London and England's southeast may be more contagious.

***

Britain's Brexit negotiator David Frost left the UK Mission in Brussels to go to the EU Commission on December 24th, as the two sides appeared to be on the cusp of striking a trade deal.

Negotiators from the European Union and Britain worked through the night and right into Christmas Eve to put the finishing touches on a trade deal that should avert a chaotic economic break between the two sides on New Year's Day.

After resolving the remaining fair-competition and almost all fisheries issues on December 23rd, negotiators combed through hundreds of pages of legal text that should become the blueprint for a post-Brexit relationship.

As during much of the nine-month negotiations, the issue of EU fleets in British waters proved the most intractable and divisive, with negotiators still haggling over quotas for some individual species as dawn came.

Still, sources on both sides said the long and difficult negotiations were on the cusp of being wrapped up as negotiators, holed up at EU headquarters in Brussels with a stack of pizzas, worked to deliver the text to their leaders on Thursday.

***

While corks may have popped in London and Brussels over reaching the relative certainty of a post-Brexit trade deal after years of delays and negotiations, there was one rocky speck of British soil still left in limbo.

Gibraltar, known colloquially as The Rock, is a UK colony jutting off the southern tip of Spain's mainland.

But it was not included in the agreement announced on Christmas Eve between the European Union and the UK to reorganise commercial and trade relations between the now 27-member bloc and the first nation to exit the group

The deadline for Gibraltar remains January 1st, when a transitionary period regulating the short frontier between Gibraltar and Spain expires.

If no deal is reached, there are serious concerns that a hard border would cause disruption for the workers, tourists and major business connections across the two sides.

More than 15,000 people live in Spain and work in Gibraltar, making up about 50% of Gibraltar's labour force, and their cross-border journeys help make up the 30 million annual crossings.

Oscar Aguilera is a 40-year-old resident of La Linea De La Concepcion, the Spanish town that borders Gibraltar.

Every day, he crosses the frontier to work for a cleaning company based on The Rock.

Aguilera says he relies heavily on a fluid border for his daily work commute and worries about what will happen if there is no deal.

The Rock was ceded to the UK in 1713, and for three centuries, the strategic outcrop of high terrain has given its navy command of the narrow seaway linking the Mediterranean to the Atlantic Ocean.

Spain, however, has never dropped its claim to sovereignty over it and throughout the Brexit talks, it insisted it wants a say on the future of Gibraltar.

It succeeded in convincing the EU to separate the issue of Gibraltar from the wider Brexit negotiations, meaning that Madrid is handling all talks directly with its counterparts in Gibraltar and London.

The Spanish foreign ministry has warned that if an agreement is not reached before 1 January, the long lines of stranded truck drivers seen at the English Channel crossing could be repeated.

On Monday Spain's foreign minister Arancha Gonzalez Laya reiterated that her government wants to reach a deal, adding that "there's no plan B", and that "either there's a deal with the United Kingdom or there's a hard border."

Lorenzo Pérez-Periañez, who represents the La Linea Association of Small and Medium enterprises, has no doubt that a hard border would be devastating for the economies of both Gibraltar and Spain.

But he is keen to stress that it's not all about the financial impact, as border restrictions will impact families living on both sides.

Gibraltar's population of about 34,000 was overwhelmingly against leaving the EU.

In the UK's 2016 Brexit referendum, 96% of voters in Gibraltar supported remaining in the EU, because they felt the trade bloc would give them more leverage to deal with Madrid.

***

The UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson on December 30th signed the post-Brexit trade deal with the European Union.

Johnson told the media after the signing that "this is not the end, it is a new beginning".

Britain’s House of Commons voted to approve the deal, paving the way for an orderly break with the bloc that will finally complete the UK’s years-long Brexit journey.

With just a day to spare, lawmakers voted 521-73 December 30th to approve the agreement sealed between the UK government and the EU last week.

It will become British law once is passes through the unelected House of Lords on December 30th and gets formal royal assent from Queen Elizabeth II.

The UK left the EU almost a year ago, but remained within the bloc’s economic embrace during a transition period that ends at midnight Brussels time -- 11 p.m. in London - on December 31st.

02:01:31

00:00:00

GVs of EU buildings as Brexit stalemate remains

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ASSOCIATED PRESS

Brussels - 08 December 2020

1. Close of front of the European Commission logo

2. Wide of Christmas trees for sale in front of the European Commission

00:07:15

UK PM arrives at ambassador residence in Brussels

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ASSOCIATED PRESS

Brussels - 9 December 2020

++NIGHT SHOTS++

3. Various of U.K. Prime Minister Boris Johnson arriving at the residence of the U.K. ambassador to Belgium ahead of Brexit talks with European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen

00:12:07

French fishermen anxious over no-deal Brexit

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ASSOCIATED PRESS

Boulogne-Sur-Mer - 10 December 2020

4. French fishing boat L'Ophelea arriving into Boulogne port after fishing overnight

5. Shellfish catch - whelk or sea snails- being unloaded from the boat

6. Fish and fishmongers

00:25:16

Lorries in long queues at Dover ahead of Brexit

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ASSOCIATED PRESS

Dover - 12 December 2020

7. Various of queues of lorries heading to Dover port

8. Dover port from the cliffs

00:37:16

Tensions high in Dover as some vehicles start move

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ASSOCIATED PRESS

Dover - 23 December 2020

9. Man confronts police officer in front of lorry

10. Row of police formed in front of lorry

00:45:16

Scuffles as police try to clear route for testing in Dover

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ASSOCIATED PRESS

Dover - 23 December 2020

11. Wide of man being removed from road by police officers

12. People demonstrating, one man stepping in front of bus

13. Police officers in front of road sign reading (English) "Return to vehicles, testing to commence"

00:57:16

Frost in Brussels on cusp of striking Brexit trade deal

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ASSOCIATED PRESS

Brussels - 24 December 2020

14. The UK's chief Brexit negotiator leaving the UK mission getting into car to go to the EU Commission, car leaving

01:05:08

Gibraltar’s post-Brexit border with Spain in limbo

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ASSOCIATED PRESS

Gibraltar - 22 December 2020

15. Workers crossing border into Gibraltar from Spain

16. Spanish worker Oscar Aguilera entering Gibraltar

Gibraltar - 19 December 2020

17. Various of people walking in town, at cafe

01:24:18

Johnson signs post Brexit trade deal

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UK POOL

London - 30 December 2020

18. UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson signing trade deal, UPSOUND (English) Boris Johnson: " Here it is folks, this is it. And I know the question you will all be asking yourselves is, have I read it? The answer is yes. And it's an excellent deal for this country. But also, for our friends and partners. "

Londoners celebrated Halloween in an immersive experience on Thursday, on the day that UK was supposed to leave the European Union.

As the original Brexit deadline set on Halloween, there was a good excuse to host some bizarre parties and ridicule the UK's politicians.

Although there had been a further extension to Brexit, a theatre company found a creative way for this special Halloween celebration.

The Dot Dot Dot theatre company created a reproduction of Jeff Wayne's The War of the Worlds, a story about a Martian attack in a crumbling Victorian society, leading to an apocalyptic world.

Adding to the Brexit theme, a UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson impersonator made a guest appearance.

Dominic Wong, creative director of the company behind the end-of the world themed party, said "we thought it would be a very funny tongue-and-cheek to experience Brexit and the end of the world with a celebration of all things apocalyptic".

Many at the party were celebrating the fact that the deadline had passed and the UK was still in the EU - for now.

"I'm very happy.  I don't have apply to travel to my country and wonder about all the paperwork I have to bring with me", said Geraldine Trouve, a French national who lives in London.   

She added that she remained hopeful that the UK would remain in the European bloc.

Megan Stewart, from Scotland, said she felt relieved.

"We want to have a party basically to celebrate Halloween and to celebrate the fact that it is not the end of the world, we are still safe for now", she added.

London - 31 October 2019

1. Various of actors dressed up as zombies in the Jeff Wayne's Musical Version of the War of the Worlds

2. Pan from Union Jack to UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson impersonator

3. Various of Boris Johnson impersonator

4. Close up of EU flags

5. SOUNDBITE (English) Will Barton, UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson impersonator :

"You know, they said that we wouldn't win the referendum, they were wrong. They said that we wouldn't get our deal through Parliament, they were wrong. They said that I wouldn't get Brexit over the line tonight on October 31st, they were...they were right. Well they weren't wrong, they weren't wrong but we will get there."

6. People attending the Brexit Halloween party

7. SOUNDBITE (English) Dominic Wong; Creative Director of Dot Dot Dot, the company behind Jeff Wayne's Musical version of the War of the Worlds:

"Jeff Wayne's the War of the Worlds Experience is about a Martian invasion and when we came up with an idea for an end of the world Halloween/Brexit party to celebrate all things end of the world really. We didn't quite know what was going to happen after Brexit and after Halloween. And within our experience using virtual and augmented reality and live actors and the such, we thought it would be a very funny tongue-in-cheek way to experience Brexit and the End of the World with a celebration of all things apocalyptic."

8. People attending the party

9. Close of a carved pumpkin

10. SOUNDBITE (English) Geraldine Trouve; partygoer, from France but lives in London:

"I'm very happy.  I don't have apply to travel to my country and wonder about all the paperwork I have to bring with me.  I always said that I'm not sure that Britain is going to leave the EU for sure on the 31st.  We're still drinking French wine. So, it's a positive thing. I'm hoping...we've always (been) hoping that, you know, the Brits are going to stay in Europe so remain hopeful."

11. Various of zombie actors

12. SOUNDBITE (English) Megan Stewart, partygoer:

"We are all relieved and we all want to have a party basically. So we are here to celebrate not just Halloween and to celebrate the fact that it is not the end of the world yet. We are still safe for now and having a good time tonight and having a couple of drinks."

13. Barman preparing a cocktail

14. Pan from a carved pumpkin with a Union Jack to the cocktail

In Scotland's capital city, Edinburgh, many described their fatigue and dismay with Brexit, even after a deal was reached on the eve of Christmas.

The Scottish National Party is expected to seek a mandate to hold a second Scottish independence referendum after the 2021 elections for the Scottish Parliament.

People in Scotland voted to remain in the European Union by a majority of over 60% in the 2016 Brexit referendum.

"I can remember life before we joined Europe and I can remember things getting better, in every way," said Jaime Taylor, a retired engineer.

Many Scots back Scottish independence from the United Kingdom Union as a possible way for the nation to get back into the EU.

Just a week before the deadline, Britain and the European Union struck a free-trade deal Thursday that should avert economic chaos on New Year's and bring a measure of certainty for businesses after years of Brexit turmoil.

Once ratified by both sides, the agreement will ensure Britain and the 27-nation bloc can continue to trade in goods without tariffs or quotas after the U.K. breaks fully free of the EU on Jan. 1.

Edinburgh, United Kingdom - 24 December 2020

1. Close of Scottish flag hanging from an apartment window in Edinburgh

2. Wide of Edinburgh town centre Christmas lights

3. Close of Christmas lights

4. Wide of Christmas tree in Edinburgh town centre

5. Wide of the Scottish Parliament

6. Mid of Scottish flag, Union Flag and EU flags in front of Scottish Parliament

7. Mid of Scottish parliament sign with "Sorry we're closed" on it

8. Close of Scottish parliament sign

9. SOUNDBITE (English) James Craig, Maintenance worker:

"I don't know enough about it (the Brexit deal) but we are probably better having some kind of deal. But, whether the fishermen would agree with the deal that is on offer is another story. There could well be European boats in British waters for the next 10 years."

10. Wide of people in front of the Scottish parliament

11. SOUNDBITE (English) James Craig, Maintenance worker:

"My feeling is we'll be writing a wrong that was committed 300 years ago. That is it in a nutshell. (about Scottish independence)."

12. Wide of Alba Bistro (Alba is another name for Scotland)

13. Close of Scottish flags painted on Alba Bistro

14.  SOUNDBITE (English) James Armour, Project Manager for a clean technology firm:

"I think if I were to sum up my feelings about Brexit in one word, it would be fatigue. Maybe that is also because of everything that is going on with Covid. I mean I personally lived in Denmark for three years and I have a lot of affinity for Europe. And I loved that I could go and study there for free, being part of the European Union, which was really cool. I had a great experience and it is a shame I  guess that people in the future might not have that opportunity from Britain. But, I am fatigued because it has been going on for so long, it is happening now, the ball is rolling. I think we should just finish it. But, I do appreciate the people in Scotland, on the whole actually wanted to stay in the EU. So, I can see how that is difficult for us being up here and being part of the Union with the rest of the United Kingdom."

15. Wide of closed "Wee Scottish Pub"

16. Close up of "Wee Scottish Pub"

17. Wide of Grassmarket square in the middle of Edinburgh

18. SOUNDBITE (English) Pamela Tosh, Teacher:

"I think it makes me feel relieved,because over the past couple of weeks there has just been so much hype and misinformation in the media. And then I guess all the queues at Dover and the threat that we might have restrictions in terms of the food that we have. So, hopefully it would get rid of all of that and get rid of a lot of the uncertainty. But, personally I would prefer Scotland to be part of the Europe. So that is the way I am going to vote in future. I will vote for independence and for Scotland to be part of the European Union in the future."

19. Wide of Alba store

20. Close of Alba store

21.  SOUNDBITE (English) Jaime Taylor, Retired engineer:

"I hate Brexit. I think it is a completely retrograde step. I can remember life before we joined Europe and I can remember things getting better, in every way. I think the feeling of being part of a multinational, international, outwardly looking community has been absolutely fantastic. I have always been very excited about everything about being in Europe. And I have been miserable the last four years. I have been following it almost every second of every day. And it is a completely retrograde thing going backwards into an isolated.. Trying to shrink the size of Britain, really England trying to drag Scotland with it. "

22. Wide of Edinburgh Kilt Maker shop

23. Wide of a food stand in Edinburgh town centre called "French connection"

24. SOUNDBITE (English) Jaime Taylor, Retired engineer:

"It feels very much that it is time for the Union (the United Kingdom Union) to be dissolved. Most of us in Scotland would rather be part of the European Union than the British Union, well I am speaking for myself, but there is a definite feeling that way. And, we are stuck now with this Tory party that are governing Westminster."

25. Mid of Jaime cycling away

26. Wide of French restaurant next to an Italian restaurants in Edinburgh town centre

27. Close of a sign saying Petit Paris restaurant is closed

28. Wide of the Scottish parliament

Britain appeared on course Tuesday for an early general election that could break the country's political deadlock over Brexit, after the main opposition Labour Party said it would agree to the government's request to send voters to the polls in December.

The vote comes after over three years of Brexit stasis, stalemate, gridlock and increasingly toxic divide since the United Kingdom narrowly voted to leave the European Union.

Many on the streets of London sounded like they have had enough of the Brexit saga.

"Very frustrating, but I can't think that there is any other way through it (early election) because we have got a hung parliament, effectively, no majority, so I think we have to go for another election, " said Londoner Marie Powell.

While another London resident Jessica Fuller described herself as "disillusioned" with the entire process.

"Something has got to break (an agreement on an early election) because I am sick and tired as is most of the population in this country is sick and tired of Brexit," said Wayne Sherraat who was visiting London from the Manchester area.

To win support from opposition parties, Johnson had shelved his contentious EU Brexit deal until after the election.

The EU on Monday agreed to extend the Brexit deadline for a third time, this time until January 31.

Johnson, who said just weeks ago that he would "rather be dead in a ditch" than postpone the UK's leaving date past October 31, was forced to seek the extension on Parliament's orders to avoid a no-deal Brexit, which would damage the economies of both Britain and the EU.

London - 29 October 2019

1. Various of Oxford Street, Christmas decorations and people in the street

2. SOUNDBITE (English) Marie Powell, Londoner:

"Very frustrating, but I can't think that there is any other way through it (early election) because we have got a hung parliament, effectively, no majority, so I think we have to go for another election, not that I think we will have another majority but then we will have to have a coalition."

3. Various of Oxford Street, Christmas decorations and people in the street

4. SOUNDBITE (English) Jessica Fuller, Londoner:

"I probably will vote, but I don't know who for at the moment and I don't know what for. I will probably stick with my original decision. But I don't know, disillusioned, is the word (with the process) but I think a lot of British people are disillusioned."

5. Various of Oxford Street, Christmas decorations and people in the street

6. SOUNDBITE (English) Wayne Sherraat, lives near Manchester:

"Something has got to break (an agreement on an early election) because I am sick and tired as is most of the population in this country is sick and tired of Brexit. They had a vote, they had referendum three years ago, okay, it was a small majority but they had a majority to leave the EU, it hasn't happened."

7. Various of Oxford Street, Christmas decorations and people in the street

Thousands of European Union supporters are singing, dancing and marching through the streets of London to protest the United Kingdom's vote to leave the EU.

July 2nd's two-mile (three-kilometre) "March for Europe" from Hyde Park to Parliament was organised on social media.

Many of the marchers say they expect lawmakers to block any moves to leave the 28-nation bloc, a move backed by 52 percent of voters in the June 23rd referendum.

***

UK Independence Party (UKIP) leader Nigel Farage on July 4th said he is resigning as the head of the party, arguing his political ambition to have Britain leave the European Union (EU) had now been achieved.

Farage said he will retain his seat in the European Parliament to see out the negotiations for Britain's exit from the EU, following the country's June 23rd vote to leave the bloc.

It is the second time Farage has resigned as leader of the party, but he said this time it would be permanent.

***

British Prime Minister David Cameron left Number 10 Downing Street on July 13th to attend his last session of Prime Minister's Questions in the House of Commons.

Theresa May will replace him as Prime Minister later in the day.

***

British Prime Minister Theresa May arrived to No. 10 Downing street on July 14th in her first full day in the new position.

May is expected to continue the process of appointing ministers to her new administration.

***

The UK's Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson held talks with his French counterpart Jean-Marc Ayrault in Paris on July 28th.

***

Jeremy Corbyn was re-elected leader of Britain's Labour Party on September 24th.

Increasing his margin from the 2015 leadership contest, Corbyn was elected with 61.8 percent of the membership's vote, receiving a total of 313,209 ballots.

His sole opponent, Owen Smith - who was Corbyn's Shadow Secretary of State for Work and Pensions until 27 June - received the remaining 193,229 votes.

The left-wing incumbent was strongly favoured to defeat challenger Smith and retain leadership of the party, after a so-called 'coup' was launched against Corbyn by sitting Labour lawmakers following the Brexit vote in June.

The leadership contest was fraught with online name-calling and allegations that the leadership of the strongly pro-Palestinian Corbyn has fostered anti-Semitic abuse in the party.

Since his first election as Labour leader just over a year ago, tens of thousands more new members have flocked to Labour, many of them young and enthusiastic.

Corbyn draws big crowds to rallies and meetings, and his supporters are a formidable force on social media.

01:20:15

00:00:00

Thousands rally in London against Brexit vote

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AP TELEVISION

London - 2 July 2016

1. Various of people marching through London to protest the United Kingdom's vote to leave the EU

00:07:18

Farage resigns as UK Independence Party leader

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UK POOL

London - 4 July 2016

2. SOUNDBITE (English) Nigel Farage, UK Independence Party (UKIP) leader:

" My aim in being in politics was to get Britain out of the European Union. That is what we voted for in that referendum two weeks ago and that is why I now feel that I've done my bit2. Audience

00:21:08

UK PM Cameron departs Downing Street

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UK POOL

London - 13 July 2016

3. British Prime Minister David Cameron leaving Number 10 Downing Street for the House of Commons for his last session of Prime Minister's Questions

4. Wide of Downing Street with Cameron's car pulling away

00:28:05

New UK PM arrives at 10 Downing Street

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UK POOL

London - 14 July 2016

5. Police officer in front of No. 10 Downing street

6. Various of Prime Minister Theresa May arriving, being greeted by media and entering Downing Street, pull out

00:40:24

UK FM Johnson meets French FM

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AP TELEVISION

Paris - 28 July 2016

7. British Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson and French Foreign Minister Jean-Marc Ayrault shaking hands and walking up stairs

00:46:24

Jeremy Corbyn wins UK Labour leadership contest

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UK POOL

Liverpool - 24 September 2016

8. Various of Jeremy Corbyn, Leader of the UK Labour Party, and leadership challenger Owen Smith on stage

9. SOUNDBITE (English) Paddy Lewis, Chair of the National Executive Committee of the Labour Party: ++INCLUDES CUTAWAYS++

"The votes cast for each candidate are as follows: Jeremy Corbyn, 313,209

Residents in UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson's constituent headed to the polls on Thursday with mixed opinions on the election.

Johnson won only by a slim majority over his Labour rival in Uxbridge and South Ruislip in the 2017, where a heavy tactical voting campaign was launched to oust him this year.

Eric Collins, who voted to remain in the Brexit referendum, said he had decided to "swing over to the leave platform" and vote for the Conservatives to honour the leave result from the referendum.

Meanwhile, Labour voter Rupert Banks, criticised Johnson and said he is "a compulsive liar who is not fit for office."

Standing between Christmas stalls to hand out leaflets, William Tobin stood as an independent parliamentary candidate in the Uxbridge constituency.

After living in France for more than 15 years, Tobin was not able to vote in any UK election but according to British electoral law, he could stand as a candidate.

He wanted to highlight his percieved unfairness of the UK voting system, saying that he is standing as a candidate to "raise awareness of we excluded 3 million Brits abroad who can't vote."

This election is seen as a way to resolve the stalemate over Brexit in a parliamentary election that is being seen as the most important since the end of World War II.

The contest pits UK prime minister Boris Johnson, who said he will take Britain out of the EU by January 31 against opposition leader Jeremy Corbyn who promises another referendum on Brexit.

++UK ELECTION ADVISORY - Any broadcasters or media outlets regulated by UK authorities are reminded that election day reporting restrictions are in place, and should seek their own legal advice before publishing political comment or opinion. Restrictions remain active only while polls are open from 0700GMT to 2200GMT++

Uxbridge - 12 December, 2019

1. Shoppers walking past Uxbridge tube station

2. Various of people walking pass a Christmas tree stall

3. Various of shoppers walking pass Christmas tree stall

4. Sign placed near statues reading (English) "'I have known Johnson since the 80s. He is unfit for national office' Max Hastings, former editor Telegraph."

5. Sign reading (English) "Honourable Tories not voting 4 (for) Boris: John Major, Chris Patten, Michael Heseltine", "vote for a change"

6. People walking pass Christmas tree stall

7 . SOUNDBITE (English) Stefan Hay, 51-year-old Chief Executive of a trade organisation who will be voting for Tory:

"At the end of the day, you know, whether you like him or not and all of his eccentricities, I think he has leadership ability and I think he is the best man for the job. Simple as that. The alternative would be excruciating."

8. People walking in Uxbridge

9.  SOUNDBITE (English) Eric Collins, Tory voter:

"Originally, in the referendum I voted to remain, but as the majority voted to leave. I decided that I would swing over to the leave platform. I'm just a bit put out that it has taken nearly three years."

10. People walking on Uxbridge high street

11. SOUNDBITE (English) Jacqueline Hickey, 66-year-old retiree who voted Conservative:

"Brexit needs to be done and I think he's (UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson) honest about most things."

12. People walking on Uxbridge high street

13. SOUNDBITE (English) Charlie Saliba, Tory voter:

"Labour is a waste of time. I've been voting Labour all my life. But I can't stand the way (Jeremy) Corbyn (UK Labour Party leader) is handling things and John McDonnell (UK shadow chancellor), and I think they'll bankrupt the country."

14. People holding signs (English) "Vote NHS, thanks" and "hello, please talk to us about voting today"

15. Close of sign (English) "Vote NHS"

16. Close of sign (English) "Hello, please talk to us about voting today"

17. SOUNDBITE (English) Rupert Banks, Labour voter:

"Not just because I'm an inveterate Labour voter, but because I believe in the policies that he's (UK Labour Party leader Jeremy Corbyn) raising. And I also I mean, the constituency of a compulsive liar who is clearly not fit for office and they say whatever clichés you like about Mr. (Boris) Johnson (UK Prime Minister), but he's crazy that he seems to commit more faux pas per week and yet gain his popular vote."

18. Stalls in Uxbridge

19. Various of parliamentary candidate for the election William Tobin handing out leaflets

20. SOUNDBITE (English) William Tobin, candidate for the election:

"As you can imagine living in France, my life is being churned up by Brexit and I am very angry about that since it's a decision in which I didn't have a say. So although I can't vote, British electoral law allows me to stand so I'm standing here in the Prime Minister's constituency to raise awareness of we excluded 3 million Brits abroad who can't vote."

21. Various of shoppers and Christmas market

The annual Friends of Ireland celebration on Capitol Hill celebrated St Patrick's day early Thursday.

Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi welcomed President Donald Trump and visiting Irish Prime Minister Leo Varadkar to a gathering that shared laughs and honored the long relationship between the two countries.

Pelosi used the words of Republican President Ronald Reagan to raise the issue of immigration as Trump listened.

"If we ever close the door to new Americans our leadership in the world would soon be lost, " Pelosi told the audience.

Her comments came just hours before the Republican-controlled Senate was expected to rebuke the Republican president for declaring a national emergency at the U.S.-Mexico border.

The Democratic-run House, led by Pelosi, voted last month to block the declaration.

Trump thanked the Irish leader for briefing him on his perspective on Britain leaving the European Union.

The Irish Prime Minister paid tribute to the Congress for its support, "at this critical time to help us to protect and ensure that there is no return to a hard border on the island of Ireland, whatever else may happen as a consequence of Brexit."

British lawmakers were deciding Thursday whether to seek a delay to Brexit, which is currently scheduled for March 29.

Trump commented as he welcomed Irish Prime Minister Leo Varadkar to the White House for an early St. Patrick's Day celebration.

St Patrick's Day falls on Sunday, March 17th.

POOL

Washington - March 14, 2019

1. Wide view of luncheon  

2. SOUNDBITE (English) Rep. Nancy Pelosi, Speaker of the House:

"I'm going to open this meeting with this gavel. This, Mr. President, is a gavel that Tip O'Neill's family gave him when he became Speaker. Peter (King) it's Waterford Crystal. You cannot you can only use it gently if not only once." (Laughter)

3. Close-up Trump listening  

4. SOUNDBITE (English) Rep. Nancy Pelosi, Speaker of the House:

"And this is what I want to say about Ronald Reagan. So he said thanks to each wave of new arrivals to this land of opportunity we are a nation forever young, forever bursting with energy and new ideas and always on the cutting edge always leading the world to the next frontier. This quality is vital to our future as a nation. President Reagan went on to say if we ever close the door to new Americans our leadership in the world would soon be lost. Ronald Reagan, his last speech as president of the United States. The story of Ireland and the United States, you can applaud it if you want ..."

5. Close-up Trump applauding

6. Pan from audience to Trump speaking

7. SOUNDBITE (English) Donald Trump, U.S. President:

"This afternoon we're delighted to join all in welcoming Taoiseach, who I've gotten to know very well, my friend.  We discussed a lot of things that were of great interest to all of us. Just a little while ago in the Oval Office, in particular we talked about Brexit a something that's turning out to be a little more complex than they thought it would be. But it'll all work out. Everything goes one way or the other it's going to work out. But he had a very interesting view on it and I appreciate your letting me know what's going on over there."

8. Cutaway audience

9. SOUNDBITE (English) Donald Trump, U.S. President:

"As the United States and Ireland grow ever closer in friendship and partnership and we are indeed growing closer, we're doing trade deals, we're doing things that we frankly have not done to this extent before. May we find inspiration in the example of those who came before. May we draw new strength from the noble example of St. Patrick and may we all be blessed by the luck of the Irish. That's a good thing. The luck of the Irish."

10. Wide, Irish Prime Minister Leo Varadkar

11. SOUNDBITE (Irish Gaelic, English) Leo Varadkar, Prime Minister of Ireland:

"Happy St. Patrick's Day to all of you."

12. Wide

13. SOUNDBITE (English) Leo Varadkar, Prime Minister of Ireland:

"And, I want to say on behalf of the Irish government on behalf of the Irish people that we thank the Friends of Ireland caucus and the Congress for their vital help at this critical time to help us to protect and ensure that there is no return to a hard border on the island of Ireland. Whatever else may happen as a consequence of Brexit."

14. Wide, audience applauding

15. SOUNDBITE (English) Leo Varadkar, Prime Minister of Ireland:

"When I was preparing for this speech I had a chance to come across something really interesting in our archives. It's from 81-years ago. The year was 1937, the year our Constitution came into effect and a message of support was sent from the United States signed by 300 congressmen, governors Democrats and Republicans alike. And on that document 81 years old our names like Harry Truman, Richard Russell and Henry Cabot Lodge, Junior. So Madam Speaker, as a token of my appreciation and the friendship between our two nations I'd like to return to you and Congress a framed copy of that message to symbolize our historic connection, to remind us of our shared values and to inspire us of what we can achieve together in the future."

16. Wide, Varadkar and Pelosi with framed document

With elections just three days away, Britain is facing the most testing and significant period in its modern history since World War II.

This election is especially unpredictable because the question of Brexit cuts across traditional party loyalties.

Opinion polls give British Prime Minister Boris Johnson’s Conservatives a lead, but as many as one in five voters remain undecided.

The 20th century saw Britain fight alongside and against Europeans and then help make the prosperous peace into the 21st century.

This election, coming just a few weeks before Christmas, will help determine where Britain’s formal relationship with the European Union lands and what the impact will be on all walks of life.

Johnson says that if the Conservatives win a majority, he will get Parliament to ratify his Brexit divorce deal and take the UK out of the EU by the current January 31 deadline.

Labour is promising to renegotiate the divorce deal, then give voters the choice in a referendum of leaving the EU on those terms or remaining in the bloc.

London, 8 December 2019

1. Various top shots of London and the River Thames, skyscrapers and bridges

London, 7 December 2019

2. Various of Tower Bridge

3. Woman posing on Tower Bridge

4. Cyclists dressed as elves on Tower Bridge

5. Various of the Shard skyscraper

6. Close up of Shard tower

7. Christmas market next to Shard Tower

8. Union Jack flag on t urret of Tower of London

9. Wide of Tower of London

10. Boat going by on Thames

11. Various of London skyscrapers

12. Various of the London Eye

13. Various of people walking near parliament

14. Union Jack flag flying, pull back of Westminster Cathedral

15. Various of Westminster Cathedral

16. Various of The Household Cavalry Museum with honour guard outside

++NIGHT SHOTS++

London, 6 December 2019

17. Various of Piccadilly Circus

18. Various of Regent street with Christmas decorations and people walking by

19. Various of London streets with Christmas decorations

20. Woman posing infront of Christmas decorations

The annual Friends of Ireland celebration on Capitol Hill celebrated St Patrick's day early Thursday.

Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi welcomed President Donald Trump and visiting Irish Prime Minister Leo Varadkar to a gathering that shared laughs and honored the long relationship between the two countries.

Pelosi used the words of Republican President Ronald Reagan to raise the issue of immigration as Trump listened.

"If we ever close the door to new Americans our leadership in the world would soon be lost, " Pelosi told the audience.

Her comments came just hours before the Republican-controlled Senate was expected to rebuke the Republican president for declaring a national emergency at the U.S.-Mexico border.

The Democratic-run House, led by Pelosi, voted last month to block the declaration.

Trump thanked the Irish leader for briefing him on his perspective on Britain leaving the European Union.

The Irish Prime Minister paid tribute to the Congress for its support, "at this critical time to help us to protect and ensure that there is no return to a hard border on the island of Ireland, whatever else may happen as a consequence of Brexit."

British lawmakers were deciding Thursday whether to seek a delay to Brexit, which is currently scheduled for March 29.

Trump commented as he welcomed Irish Prime Minister Leo Varadkar to the White House for an early St. Patrick's Day celebration.

St Patrick's Day falls on Sunday, March 17th.

POOL

Washington - March 14, 2019

1. Wide view of luncheon  

2. SOUNDBITE (English) Rep. Nancy Pelosi, Speaker of the House:

"I'm going to open this meeting with this gavel. This, Mr. President, is a gavel that Tip O'Neill's family gave him when he became Speaker. Peter (King) it's Waterford Crystal. You cannot you can only use it gently if not only once." (Laughter)

3. Close-up Trump listening  

4. SOUNDBITE (English) Rep. Nancy Pelosi, Speaker of the House:

"And this is what I want to say about Ronald Reagan. So he said thanks to each wave of new arrivals to this land of opportunity we are a nation forever young, forever bursting with energy and new ideas and always on the cutting edge always leading the world to the next frontier. This quality is vital to our future as a nation. President Reagan went on to say if we ever close the door to new Americans our leadership in the world would soon be lost. Ronald Reagan, his last speech as president of the United States. The story of Ireland and the United States, you can applaud it if you want ..."

5. Close-up Trump applauding

6. Pan from audience to Trump speaking

7. SOUNDBITE (English) Donald Trump, U.S. President:

"This afternoon we're delighted to join all in welcoming Taoiseach, who I've gotten to know very well, my friend.  We discussed a lot of things that were of great interest to all of us. Just a little while ago in the Oval Office, in particular we talked about Brexit a something that's turning out to be a little more complex than they thought it would be. But it'll all work out. Everything goes one way or the other it's going to work out. But he had a very interesting view on it and I appreciate your letting me know what's going on over there."

8. Cutaway audience

9. SOUNDBITE (English) Donald Trump, U.S. President:

"As the United States and Ireland grow ever closer in friendship and partnership and we are indeed growing closer, we're doing trade deals, we're doing things that we frankly have not done to this extent before. May we find inspiration in the example of those who came before. May we draw new strength from the noble example of St. Patrick and may we all be blessed by the luck of the Irish. That's a good thing. The luck of the Irish."

10. Wide, Irish Prime Minister Leo Varadkar

11. SOUNDBITE (Irish Gaelic, English) Leo Varadkar, Prime Minister of Ireland:

"Happy St. Patrick's Day to all of you."

12. Wide

13. SOUNDBITE (English) Leo Varadkar, Prime Minister of Ireland:

"And, I want to say on behalf of the Irish government on behalf of the Irish people that we thank the Friends of Ireland caucus and the Congress for their vital help at this critical time to help us to protect and ensure that there is no return to a hard border on the island of Ireland. Whatever else may happen as a consequence of Brexit."

14. Wide, audience applauding

15. SOUNDBITE (English) Leo Varadkar, Prime Minister of Ireland:

"When I was preparing for this speech I had a chance to come across something really interesting in our archives. It's from 81-years ago. The year was 1937, the year our Constitution came into effect and a message of support was sent from the United States signed by 300 congressmen, governors Democrats and Republicans alike. And on that document 81 years old our names like Harry Truman, Richard Russell and Henry Cabot Lodge, Junior. So Madam Speaker, as a token of my appreciation and the friendship between our two nations I'd like to return to you and Congress a framed copy of that message to symbolize our historic connection, to remind us of our shared values and to inspire us of what we can achieve together in the future."

16. Wide, Varadkar and Pelosi with framed document

In late October, Matthew Jones was enjoying a rare "bit of normality" at his London barber shop in a year that has been short on that.

He was cutting hair and laughing with colleagues — when the news that the business would have to close for the second time landed.

Jones, 43, endured 15 weeks without any income after the three Sharpes barber shops he co-owns were forced to shut in the spring as the government imposed restrictions to slow the spread of the coronavirus.

The shops, including a tiny one in east London's Hackney neighborhood, had been open for four months when Prime Minister Boris Johnson ordered a new lockdown.

"This second lockdown has been tough because you are just building up your business again trying to get back to a normal lifestyle and then all of a sudden it is all taken away and you know we still have high rents to pay here," Jones said.

The United Kingdom saw a sharp resurgence of COVID-19 infections this autumn, and the government imposed a second round of restrictions.

The suffering caused by the virus has been especially acute in the UK, where more than 57,000 people have died in Europe's deadliest outbreak and the economy has plunged.

While small businesses all over the world are struggling as the virus forces many of them to close, many in the UK are also facing the economic uncertainty caused by Britain's exit from the European Union.

Many British businesses managed to survive the spring lockdown with generous aid from the government, including grants like the £10,000 ($13,300) grant Jones received and a program that pays a portion of wages to workers whose employers are struggling.

The measures have helped keep the unemployment rate relatively low at 4.8% — though it has been rising and is forecast to hit 7.5% next spring.

The latest round of restrictions could pack a bigger punch in the crucial weeks ahead of Christmas.

Even before the second lockdown was announced, a survey conducted by Britain's Office for National Statistics showed that one in seven UK companies reported having "little or no confidence" they would survive the next three months.

Jones estimates that the pandemic wiped out 60% of his income this year.

With his shops closed, the single dad, who has a 10-year-old daughter, is doing odd jobs on building sites — and praying that business will return enough to ease the pain once restrictions lift on December 2.

The five other barbers who work in his shops are self-employed, and trying to scrape by as well.

Hackney, where one of Jones' shops is based has seen steady gentrification in the past two decades.

Located in London's historically gritty East End, the borough is filled with trendy bars and expensive apartments.

Broadway Market itself is lined with some 60 small shops, cafes and restaurants, and before COVID-19 hit, the street would throng with locals and tourists coming for the hugely popular weekend market.

These days, some shops are doing better than others, but everyone is scrambling to adapt.

Jane Howe, who has run Broadway Bookshop since 2005, said the weekends would often get so busy that her shop would take in thousands of pounds in sales per day on the back of £7.99 books.  

For a shop that relies heavily on foot traffic, the cycles of coronavirus restrictions have been hard.

In June, Howe launched a website for the first time, but she says it does not replicate shopping in person where you might buy more than you intend.

Even once her doors reopened, the tiny space meant she couldn't welcome back her usual crowds.

Sales from the website don't come close to making up for the in-person sales she's lost — especially during the crucial Christmas period.

"It's very difficult to be open because we are only allowed five people in at a time," Howe said.

With the shop pulling in just over half what it used to, Howe has stopped paying herself and when one of her two employees left, she was not able to replace her.

Like Jones, she's managed to keep paying the rent thanks to a government grant.

She has also taken out a £50,000 state loan.  

Others haven't fared as well.

A much-loved bakery next to Sharpes that was part of a 66-year-old family-run chain closed for good, Jones said.

The bakery's closure stands in contrast to a trend seen on much of the street where butchers, fishmongers, greengrocers and delis have done relatively well thanks to a surge in interest from fairly affluent locals who are now working from home and shopping locally.

Popular coffee shop Climpsons struggled to adapt at first — the cafe was shut, the wholesale business almost completely wiped out, and 34 of the company's 42 workers went on the government furlough scheme in the first weeks of the pandemic, co-owner Danny Davies said.

But now on weekdays, Climpsons often serves more take-away coffees than before the pandemic.

That makes up for losses on the wholesale side, which supplied restaurants and offices.  

"It's not great for business. We're worried about some of our customers, they're struggling. I think we ourselves have managed to weather the storm thanks to some of the resources (government grants) available," Davies said.

Down the street, Grigorios Vaitsas says business at his deli, Isle of Olive, has not been too bad, even though he has closed his small indoor cafe and Christmas shopping events have been canceled.

But Vaitsas and his partner, Paulina, who import their products from Greece, have been losing sleep over another threat: Brexit.

The couple are worried about the tariffs and bureaucracy if Britain leaves the economic embrace of the EU at the end of the year with no deal in place.

That combined with the pandemic makes a "perfect storm," Vaitsas said.  

"If the tariffs and the logistics and all of that, you know, get the prices so high that our items are now considered luxury goods, then it really changes completely our business model and what we were planning to do," Vaitas said.

London - 17 November 2020

1. Wide of people on Broadway Market

2. Road sign for Broadway Market

3. People walking on Broadway Market

4. Exterior of Sharpes Barbers with owner Matthew Jones putting up Christmas lights in the window

5. Close of 'Sharpes' sign

6. Various of Jones cleaning chair inside barber shop

7. SOUNDBITE (English) Matthew Jones, co-owner of three barber shops including Sharpes:

"This second lockdown has been tough because you are just building up your business again trying to get back to a normal lifestyle and then all of a sudden it is all taken away and you know we still have high rents to pay here. So yeah it's been really tough."

8. Jane Howe, owner of Broadway Bookshop, walking into shop

9. Cutaway of books in window

10. Howe changing book display in the window

11. SOUNDBITE (English) Jane Howe, owner of The Broadway Bookshop:

"People don't always come in knowing what they want. They see things on tables and they buy them, they just pick them up, like you don't always stick to your shopping list you usually buy more than you intend and that happens more in person than it would online."

12. Cutaway of books in window

13. SOUNDBITE (English) Jane Howe, owner of The Broadway Bookshop:

"It's very difficult to be open with only allowed five people in at a time and queues on the pavement and people taking a long time to buy their stuff instead of thinking about other people and hurrying up… you know."

14. Exterior of Climpson and Sons coffee shop with people queuing outside

15. Close of Climpson and Sons coffee shop and queue

16. Close of food in window

17. SOUNDBITE (English) Danny Davies, Co-owner of Climpson and Sons coffee shop and wholesale coffee business:

"I mean it's not great for business. We're worried about some of our customers, they're struggling. I think we ourselves have managed to weather the storm thanks to some of the resources (government grants) available."

18. Food in window

19. Employee serving person at entrance

20. SOUNDBITE (English) Danny Davies, Co-owner of Climpson and Sons coffee shop and wholesale coffee business.

"At one point in time it was really hard to see how it was going to go back to normal again but then the summer just gone we've seen pretty good sales figures. I think next year it will be similar with a bit more optimism with the vaccine."

21. Shop front of Isle of Olive deli, with Christmas decorations around it

22. Various of Paulina Filippou, co-owner of Isle of Olive dusting pastries with icing sugar

23. Pastries being put on shelf

24. Grigorios Vaitsas, co-owner of Isle of Olive, at till

25. Products for sale

26. SOUNDBITE: (English) Grigorios Vaitsas, co-owner of Isle of Olive deli:

"We hear and we see near us a lot of business shutting down, we know about rising unemployment so the coming of Brexit would just, or a no-deal Brexit rather, would just be like the perfect storm in terms of retail."

27. Various of Filippou dishing olives into pot

28. SOUNDBITE: (English) Grigorios Vaitsas and Paulina Filippou, co-owners of Isle of Olive deli:

Vaitsas: "We wanted to, to, have items that they're not just a one-off purchase they become part of..."

Filippou: "Not luxury products, people have good food every day."

Vaitsas: "So, if the tariffs and the logistics and all of that, you know, get the prices so high that our items are now considered luxury goods, then it really changes completely our business model and what we were planning to do."

30. Bottles of olive oil on shelf

31. Wide of products on shelves