Germany hopes Britain can remain in the European Union (EU), as the country’s head of state and many political analysts have called.

During a joint press conference after the talks with Slovakian Prime Minister Robert Fico a week ago in Berlin, the German Chancellor Angela Merkel said: “All aspects of the EU’s domestic market, and the benefits shared by all EU members, will no longer be available for Britain if it votes to leave. All forms of negotiations conducted by the EU, which is on behalf of all its 28 members will become the negotiations between the 27 members and a third party. I can hardly imagine what benefit would come out of this.”

Describing Britain as “a powerful partner and ally” to Germany in the EU, Tanja Boerzel, a professor with the school of politics of the Free University of Berlin, said that possible Brexit will disintegrate the EU, a scenario Germany does not want to witness, especially at a time when the EU is struggling with economic and political challenges.

"Britain’s referendum can’t be taken out of the context of what is happening in Europe, or even in the whole world. It is in relation to the fear of globalization. People worry about declining social status, living standards and cultural identification. However, these are the challenges that can’t be avoided in globalization, and the integration of Europe has been widely regarded as part of globalization," said Boerzel.

If Britain leaves the bloc, Germany will become the biggest victim of it, according to Boerzel.

"Southern European countries led by France stress on government’s interference to market, while German and Britain pursue free market. If Britain leaves the EU, Germany will lose an important partner in terms of economic perspectives and policies on national budget and expenditure. Compared with France, Germany shares more consensuses with Britain when it comes to economic policies," she said.

Some experts predicted that the UK would continue its membership in the European Economic Area (EEA) to continue its free trading with other EU members if it leaves the bloc. Boerzel, however, said the move is actually not the best option for the UK.

"The current problem is that how can the British government convince its people that it is a wise decision to stay inside the domestic market by accessing into the EEA after Brexit. However, that means Britain must join the Schengen area and must follow a lot more rules than the existing ones in domestic market, in other words, the excuses and reasons Britain has used to back up Brexit will eventually lead to heavier burden for Britain in the future," said Boerzel.

A public opinion poll conducted in Germany has shown that 58 percent of the German citizens who took part in the poll voted against Brexit, while only seven percent of the participants voted in favor.

Germany hopes Britain can remain in the European Union (EU), as the country’s head of state and many political analysts have called.

During a joint press conference after the talks with Slovakian Prime Minister Robert Fico a week ago in Berlin, the German Chancellor Angela Merkel said: “All aspects of the EU’s domestic market, and the benefits shared by all EU members, will no longer be available for Britain if it votes to leave. All forms of negotiations conducted by the EU, which is on behalf of all its 28 members will become the negotiations between the 27 members and a third party. I can hardly imagine what benefit would come out of this.”

Describing Britain as “a powerful partner and ally” to Germany in the EU, Tanja Boerzel, a professor with the school of politics of the Free University of Berlin, said that possible Brexit will disintegrate the EU, a scenario Germany does not want to witness, especially at a time when the EU is struggling with economic and political challenges.

"Britain’s referendum can’t be taken out of the context of what is happening in Europe, or even in the whole world. It is in relation to the fear of globalization. People worry about declining social status, living standards and cultural identification. However, these are the challenges that can’t be avoided in globalization, and the integration of Europe has been widely regarded as part of globalization," said Boerzel.

If Britain leaves the bloc, Germany will become the biggest victim of it, according to Boerzel.

"Southern European countries led by France stress on government’s interference to market, while German and Britain pursue free market. If Britain leaves the EU, Germany will lose an important partner in terms of economic perspectives and policies on national budget and expenditure. Compared with France, Germany shares more consensuses with Britain when it comes to economic policies," she said.

Some experts predicted that the UK would continue its membership in the European Economic Area (EEA) to continue its free trading with other EU members if it leaves the bloc. Boerzel, however, said the move is actually not the best option for the UK.

"The current problem is that how can the British government convince its people that it is a wise decision to stay inside the domestic market by accessing into the EEA after Brexit. However, that means Britain must join the Schengen area and must follow a lot more rules than the existing ones in domestic market, in other words, the excuses and reasons Britain has used to back up Brexit will eventually lead to heavier burden for Britain in the future," said Boerzel.

A public opinion poll conducted in Germany has shown that 58 percent of the German citizens who took part in the poll voted against Brexit, while only seven percent of the participants voted in favor.

Germany hopes Britain can remain in the European Union (EU), as the country’s head of state and many political analysts have called.

During a joint press conference after the talks with Slovakian Prime Minister Robert Fico a week ago in Berlin, the German Chancellor Angela Merkel said: “All aspects of the EU’s domestic market, and the benefits shared by all EU members, will no longer be available for Britain if it votes to leave. All forms of negotiations conducted by the EU, which is on behalf of all its 28 members will become the negotiations between the 27 members and a third party. I can hardly imagine what benefit would come out of this.”

Describing Britain as “a powerful partner and ally” to Germany in the EU, Tanja Boerzel, a professor with the school of politics of the Free University of Berlin, said that possible Brexit will disintegrate the EU, a scenario Germany does not want to witness, especially at a time when the EU is struggling with economic and political challenges.

"Britain’s referendum can’t be taken out of the context of what is happening in Europe, or even in the whole world. It is in relation to the fear of globalization. People worry about declining social status, living standards and cultural identification. However, these are the challenges that can’t be avoided in globalization, and the integration of Europe has been widely regarded as part of globalization," said Boerzel.

If Britain leaves the bloc, Germany will become the biggest victim of it, according to Boerzel.

"Southern European countries led by France stress on government’s interference to market, while German and Britain pursue free market. If Britain leaves the EU, Germany will lose an important partner in terms of economic perspectives and policies on national budget and expenditure. Compared with France, Germany shares more consensuses with Britain when it comes to economic policies," she said.

Some experts predicted that the UK would continue its membership in the European Economic Area (EEA) to continue its free trading with other EU members if it leaves the bloc. Boerzel, however, said the move is actually not the best option for the UK.

"The current problem is that how can the British government convince its people that it is a wise decision to stay inside the domestic market by accessing into the EEA after Brexit. However, that means Britain must join the Schengen area and must follow a lot more rules than the existing ones in domestic market, in other words, the excuses and reasons Britain has used to back up Brexit will eventually lead to heavier burden for Britain in the future," said Boerzel.

A public opinion poll conducted in Germany has shown that 58 percent of the German citizens who took part in the poll voted against Brexit, while only seven percent of the participants voted in favor.

Germany hopes Britain can remain in the European Union (EU), as the country’s head of state and many political analysts have called.

During a joint press conference after the talks with Slovakian Prime Minister Robert Fico a week ago in Berlin, the German Chancellor Angela Merkel said: “All aspects of the EU’s domestic market, and the benefits shared by all EU members, will no longer be available for Britain if it votes to leave. All forms of negotiations conducted by the EU, which is on behalf of all its 28 members will become the negotiations between the 27 members and a third party. I can hardly imagine what benefit would come out of this.”

Describing Britain as “a powerful partner and ally” to Germany in the EU, Tanja Boerzel, a professor with the school of politics of the Free University of Berlin, said that possible Brexit will disintegrate the EU, a scenario Germany does not want to witness, especially at a time when the EU is struggling with economic and political challenges.

"Britain’s referendum can’t be taken out of the context of what is happening in Europe, or even in the whole world. It is in relation to the fear of globalization. People worry about declining social status, living standards and cultural identification. However, these are the challenges that can’t be avoided in globalization, and the integration of Europe has been widely regarded as part of globalization," said Boerzel.

If Britain leaves the bloc, Germany will become the biggest victim of it, according to Boerzel.

"Southern European countries led by France stress on government’s interference to market, while German and Britain pursue free market. If Britain leaves the EU, Germany will lose an important partner in terms of economic perspectives and policies on national budget and expenditure. Compared with France, Germany shares more consensuses with Britain when it comes to economic policies," she said.

Some experts predicted that the UK would continue its membership in the European Economic Area (EEA) to continue its free trading with other EU members if it leaves the bloc. Boerzel, however, said the move is actually not the best option for the UK.

"The current problem is that how can the British government convince its people that it is a wise decision to stay inside the domestic market by accessing into the EEA after Brexit. However, that means Britain must join the Schengen area and must follow a lot more rules than the existing ones in domestic market, in other words, the excuses and reasons Britain has used to back up Brexit will eventually lead to heavier burden for Britain in the future," said Boerzel.

A public opinion poll conducted in Germany has shown that 58 percent of the German citizens who took part in the poll voted against Brexit, while only seven percent of the participants voted in favor.

Berlin, Germany - June 16, 2016

1. German Chancellor Angela Merkel, Slovakian Prime Minister Robert Fico at joint press conference

2. SOUNDBITE (German) Angela Merkel, German Chancellor:

"All aspects of the EU’s domestic market, and the benefits shared by all EU members, will no longer be available for Britain if it votes to leave. All forms of negotiations conducted by the EU, which is on behalf of all its 28 members will become the negotiations between the 27 members and a third party. I can hardly imagine what benefit would come out of this.”

Berlin, Germany - June 22, 2016

3. Various of German, EU flags

4. SOUNDBITE (German) Tanja Boerzel, professor, school of politics, Free University of Berlin:

"Britain’s referendum can’t be taken out of the context of what is happening in Europe, or even in the whole world. It is in relation to the fear of globalization. People worry about declining social status, living standards and cultural identification. However, these are the challenges that can’t be avoided in globalization, and the integration of Europe has been widely regarded as part of globalization."

London, UK - June 15, 2016

5. Various of Brexit supporters campaigning on the Thames

Berlin, Germany - June 22, 2016

6. SOUNDBITE (German) Tanja Boerzel, professor, school of politics, Free University of Berlin:

"Southern European countries led by France stress on government’s interference to market, while German and Britain pursue free market. If Britain leaves the EU, Germany will lose an important partner in terms of economic perspectives and policies on national budget and expenditure. Compared with France, Germany shares more consensuses with Britain when it comes to economic policies."

London, UK - June 15, 2016

7. Various of Brexit supporters campaigning on the Thames

Berlin, Germany - June 22, 2016

8. SOUNDBITE (German) Tanja Boerzel, professor, school of politics, Free University of Berlin:

"The current problem is that how can the British government convince its people that it is a wise decision to stay inside the domestic market by accessing into the EEA after Brexit. However, that means Britain must join the Schengen area and must follow a lot more rules than the existing ones in domestic market, in other words, the excuses and reasons Britain has used to back up Brexit will eventually lead to heavier burden for Britain in the future."

London, UK - June 15, 2016

9. Various of people demonstrating over bridge

London's River Thames became a battleground on Wednesday, when armadas from the 'Leave' and 'Remain' camps of the EU referendum campaigns clashed in front of the Houses of Parliament.

As dozens of boats gathered, both sides hurled insults at each other as startled politicians watched from the terraces of the parliament buildings.

Nigel Farage, the leader of UKIP, Britain's anti-EU political party, led a flotilla of 30 fishing boats from Ramsgate along the river as part of his call for Britain to take back control of fishing around the British coast.

"We are much better off out of the European Union. We will get our 200-mile fishing limit back. The Spanish are making a fortune out of our fish, and that is not right. We want that work for the North East of Scotland; it is very important," said David Coburn, a UKIP Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for Scotland.

As the convoy reached the Tower Bridge, they were greeted by a rival flotilla from the Remain campaign, led by rock musician and campaigner Sir Bob Geldof who backs staying in Europe. Geldorf shouted at Farage he was "no fisherman's friend" as the two traded insults across the waves.

Campaigners fired water hoses as boats circled each other, while Metropolitan Police boats intervened to keep both sides at safe distances.

The flotilla arrived just as David Cameron was delivering his final Prime Minister's Questions time in the House of Commons ahead of the June 23 referendum to decide if Britain should stay in the EU or leave.

Most of the questions fired at Cameron, from all sides of the chamber, were from Remain supporters.

Chancellor of the Exchequer George Osborne provoked anger, including a threatened rebellion from 57 of his own Conservative colleagues, when he announced an emergency budget in the event of a Brexit win in just eight days.

Osborne said that there would be a 30-billion-pound (42.5 billion U.S. dollar) cut in public spending to tackle a black hole in the economy, with the possibility of a 2-pence rise in the basic rate of income tax and a 3-pence rise in the higher tax rate.

Spending on police, transport, and local government could also be cut by five percent, warned the Chancellor.

Several polls released Tuesday showed the Leave campaign ahead of the Remain campaign by around seven percent, and Britain's best-selling newspaper, The Sun, came out in favor of Brexit. As for whether to leave the EU, different people have different views.

"If the so-called Brexit people win, there will be a legacy of very right-wing populist politics in this country which I think we have seen emerge during this campaign. It is not the sort of Britain I would like to see, and they are not the sort of people I would like to see running the country," said Harvey Morris, a former journalist for Financial Times.

"The EU Commission is unelected. They initiate the laws that come out of the EU and there is a question of where their direction comes from. I do not think that is clear or obvious, and it is just not democratic," said James, a London resident.

London's River Thames became a battleground on Wednesday, when armadas from the 'Leave' and 'Remain' camps of the EU referendum campaigns clashed in front of the Houses of Parliament.

As dozens of boats gathered, both sides hurled insults at each other as startled politicians watched from the terraces of the parliament buildings.

Nigel Farage, the leader of UKIP, Britain's anti-EU political party, led a flotilla of 30 fishing boats from Ramsgate along the river as part of his call for Britain to take back control of fishing around the British coast.

"We are much better off out of the European Union. We will get our 200-mile fishing limit back. The Spanish are making a fortune out of our fish, and that is not right. We want that work for the North East of Scotland; it is very important," said David Coburn, a UKIP Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for Scotland.

As the convoy reached the Tower Bridge, they were greeted by a rival flotilla from the Remain campaign, led by rock musician and campaigner Sir Bob Geldof who backs staying in Europe. Geldorf shouted at Farage he was "no fisherman's friend" as the two traded insults across the waves.

Campaigners fired water hoses as boats circled each other, while Metropolitan Police boats intervened to keep both sides at safe distances.

The flotilla arrived just as David Cameron was delivering his final Prime Minister's Questions time in the House of Commons ahead of the June 23 referendum to decide if Britain should stay in the EU or leave.

Most of the questions fired at Cameron, from all sides of the chamber, were from Remain supporters.

Chancellor of the Exchequer George Osborne provoked anger, including a threatened rebellion from 57 of his own Conservative colleagues, when he announced an emergency budget in the event of a Brexit win in just eight days.

Osborne said that there would be a 30-billion-pound (42.5 billion U.S. dollar) cut in public spending to tackle a black hole in the economy, with the possibility of a 2-pence rise in the basic rate of income tax and a 3-pence rise in the higher tax rate.

Spending on police, transport, and local government could also be cut by five percent, warned the Chancellor.

Several polls released Tuesday showed the Leave campaign ahead of the Remain campaign by around seven percent, and Britain's best-selling newspaper, The Sun, came out in favor of Brexit. As for whether to leave the EU, different people have different views.

"If the so-called Brexit people win, there will be a legacy of very right-wing populist politics in this country which I think we have seen emerge during this campaign. It is not the sort of Britain I would like to see, and they are not the sort of people I would like to see running the country," said Harvey Morris, a former journalist for Financial Times.

"The EU Commission is unelected. They initiate the laws that come out of the EU and there is a question of where their direction comes from. I do not think that is clear or obvious, and it is just not democratic," said James, a London resident.

London's River Thames became a battleground on Wednesday, when armadas from the 'Leave' and 'Remain' camps of the EU referendum campaigns clashed in front of the Houses of Parliament.

As dozens of boats gathered, both sides hurled insults at each other as startled politicians watched from the terraces of the parliament buildings.

Nigel Farage, the leader of UKIP, Britain's anti-EU political party, led a flotilla of 30 fishing boats from Ramsgate along the river as part of his call for Britain to take back control of fishing around the British coast.

"We are much better off out of the European Union. We will get our 200-mile fishing limit back. The Spanish are making a fortune out of our fish, and that is not right. We want that work for the North East of Scotland; it is very important," said David Coburn, a UKIP Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for Scotland.

As the convoy reached the Tower Bridge, they were greeted by a rival flotilla from the Remain campaign, led by rock musician and campaigner Sir Bob Geldof who backs staying in Europe. Geldorf shouted at Farage he was "no fisherman's friend" as the two traded insults across the waves.

Campaigners fired water hoses as boats circled each other, while Metropolitan Police boats intervened to keep both sides at safe distances.

The flotilla arrived just as David Cameron was delivering his final Prime Minister's Questions time in the House of Commons ahead of the June 23 referendum to decide if Britain should stay in the EU or leave.

Most of the questions fired at Cameron, from all sides of the chamber, were from Remain supporters.

Chancellor of the Exchequer George Osborne provoked anger, including a threatened rebellion from 57 of his own Conservative colleagues, when he announced an emergency budget in the event of a Brexit win in just eight days.

Osborne said that there would be a 30-billion-pound (42.5 billion U.S. dollar) cut in public spending to tackle a black hole in the economy, with the possibility of a 2-pence rise in the basic rate of income tax and a 3-pence rise in the higher tax rate.

Spending on police, transport, and local government could also be cut by five percent, warned the Chancellor.

Several polls released Tuesday showed the Leave campaign ahead of the Remain campaign by around seven percent, and Britain's best-selling newspaper, The Sun, came out in favor of Brexit. As for whether to leave the EU, different people have different views.

"If the so-called Brexit people win, there will be a legacy of very right-wing populist politics in this country which I think we have seen emerge during this campaign. It is not the sort of Britain I would like to see, and they are not the sort of people I would like to see running the country," said Harvey Morris, a former journalist for Financial Times.

"The EU Commission is unelected. They initiate the laws that come out of the EU and there is a question of where their direction comes from. I do not think that is clear or obvious, and it is just not democratic," said James, a London resident.

London's River Thames became a battleground on Wednesday, when armadas from the 'Leave' and 'Remain' camps of the EU referendum campaigns clashed in front of the Houses of Parliament.

As dozens of boats gathered, both sides hurled insults at each other as startled politicians watched from the terraces of the parliament buildings.

Nigel Farage, the leader of UKIP, Britain's anti-EU political party, led a flotilla of 30 fishing boats from Ramsgate along the river as part of his call for Britain to take back control of fishing around the British coast.

"We are much better off out of the European Union. We will get our 200-mile fishing limit back. The Spanish are making a fortune out of our fish, and that is not right. We want that work for the North East of Scotland; it is very important," said David Coburn, a UKIP Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for Scotland.

As the convoy reached the Tower Bridge, they were greeted by a rival flotilla from the Remain campaign, led by rock musician and campaigner Sir Bob Geldof who backs staying in Europe. Geldorf shouted at Farage he was "no fisherman's friend" as the two traded insults across the waves.

Campaigners fired water hoses as boats circled each other, while Metropolitan Police boats intervened to keep both sides at safe distances.

The flotilla arrived just as David Cameron was delivering his final Prime Minister's Questions time in the House of Commons ahead of the June 23 referendum to decide if Britain should stay in the EU or leave.

Most of the questions fired at Cameron, from all sides of the chamber, were from Remain supporters.

Chancellor of the Exchequer George Osborne provoked anger, including a threatened rebellion from 57 of his own Conservative colleagues, when he announced an emergency budget in the event of a Brexit win in just eight days.

Osborne said that there would be a 30-billion-pound (42.5 billion U.S. dollar) cut in public spending to tackle a black hole in the economy, with the possibility of a 2-pence rise in the basic rate of income tax and a 3-pence rise in the higher tax rate.

Spending on police, transport, and local government could also be cut by five percent, warned the Chancellor.

Several polls released Tuesday showed the Leave campaign ahead of the Remain campaign by around seven percent, and Britain's best-selling newspaper, The Sun, came out in favor of Brexit. As for whether to leave the EU, different people have different views.

"If the so-called Brexit people win, there will be a legacy of very right-wing populist politics in this country which I think we have seen emerge during this campaign. It is not the sort of Britain I would like to see, and they are not the sort of people I would like to see running the country," said Harvey Morris, a former journalist for Financial Times.

"The EU Commission is unelected. They initiate the laws that come out of the EU and there is a question of where their direction comes from. I do not think that is clear or obvious, and it is just not democratic," said James, a London resident.

London, UK - June 15, 2016

1. Various of boats with flags reading 'leave', 'save our country', 'vote to leave'

2. SOUNDBITE (English) David Coburn, UKIP Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for Scotland:

"We are much better off out of the European Union. We will get our 200-mile fishing limit back. The Spanish are making a fortune out of our fish, and that is not right. We want that work for the North East of Scotland; it is very important."

3. Leader of UKIP Nigel Farage being interviewed

4. Various of boats, yacht flags reading 'in'

5. Police boat

6. SOUNDBITE (English) Harvey Morris, former journalist for Financial Times:

"If the so-called Brexit people win, there will be a legacy of very right-wing populist politics in this country which I think we have seen emerge during this campaign. And it is not the sort of Britain I would like to see, and they are not the sort of people I would like to see running the country."

7. Various of pedestrians

8. National flag of UK

9. SOUNDBITE (English) James, London resident (full name not given):

"The EU Commission is unelected. They initiate the laws that come out of the EU and there is a question of where their direction comes from. I do not think that is clear or obvious, and it is just not democratic."

10. Various of people holding flags reading 'in'

11. Various of people on boats with flags reading 'leave'

12. Police boat

13. Thames River, buildings

The outcome of the Brexit referendum has not only given worldwide markets enough reason to react to, it has also provided the Summer Davos enough rationale to ponder upon.

Participants of the summer edition of the World Economic Forum in China's Tianjin have to part with their scheduled timetable to specifically focus on Brexit and its impact on world markets and global economy.

"I do think the markets over the weekend and already on Monday when markets opening in Asia, followers around the world will be focusing on what happens next. How do we digest this? There is already a lot of political speculations, if not economic news but political news speculations out of Europe. Is it fast or slow and what does this mean? But I think it's important to put this into context. We view this now as a shock and surprise, but not a crisis," defines Michael Falcon, CEO of Asia Pacific, Global Investment Management at J.P. Morgan Asset Management.

Not quite along the same line, an industrialist from Britain itself shares his opinion with us.

"I think the issue for us is one of instability and uncertainty in businesses wherever they are; don't like instability or uncertainty for investment or jobs. We are a very strong business, and we will be a very strong business," says Larry Stone, president of Group Public and Government Affairs at BT Group which is a British multinational telecommunications service provider.

One financial analyst has offered to complete the two-pronged concerns.

"If certain affiliates choose to move out, then people in the UK who support those affiliates are going to lose their jobs. So to me, the big story is about the people, about the people of the UK," says Gary Coleman, managing director of Global Industries at Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited.

At the annual Summer Davos are either policy makers themselves or their consultants; so price fluctuations and employment are their top concerns of course.

As the co-host of the forum, the chief of China's National Development and Reform Commission has aired his concern on the impact of Brexit on investment.

"The status quo may lead to a capital outflow, a plunge of asset prices, and a weaker exchange rate. Investing enterprises may face risks of falling asset prices and exchange rate fluctuations," says Xu Shaoshi, director of China's top economic planner.

The founder and executive chairperson of the World Economic Forum is more philosophical.

"I think it's too early to predict what will happen. I also would like to always remind myself it was not a vote of UK. It was mainly a vote of the older generation and it teaches us that the older generation may be more fearful about the future compared to the young generation which has voted much more in a poorer European in an open way," says Klaus Schwab, founder and executive chairman of the World Economic Forum.

The three-day forum in Tianjin has to open an exclusive panel discussion on "After the Brexit" on its opening day, after Britain voted last Friday to leave the EU by 51.9 percent to 48.1 percent in the referendum.

The outcome of the Brexit referendum has not only given worldwide markets enough reason to react to, it has also provided the Summer Davos enough rationale to ponder upon.

Participants of the summer edition of the World Economic Forum in China's Tianjin have to part with their scheduled timetable to specifically focus on Brexit and its impact on world markets and global economy.

"I do think the markets over the weekend and already on Monday when markets opening in Asia, followers around the world will be focusing on what happens next. How do we digest this? There is already a lot of political speculations, if not economic news but political news speculations out of Europe. Is it fast or slow and what does this mean? But I think it's important to put this into context. We view this now as a shock and surprise, but not a crisis," defines Michael Falcon, CEO of Asia Pacific, Global Investment Management at J.P. Morgan Asset Management.

Not quite along the same line, an industrialist from Britain itself shares his opinion with us.

"I think the issue for us is one of instability and uncertainty in businesses wherever they are; don't like instability or uncertainty for investment or jobs. We are a very strong business, and we will be a very strong business," says Larry Stone, president of Group Public and Government Affairs at BT Group which is a British multinational telecommunications service provider.

One financial analyst has offered to complete the two-pronged concerns.

"If certain affiliates choose to move out, then people in the UK who support those affiliates are going to lose their jobs. So to me, the big story is about the people, about the people of the UK," says Gary Coleman, managing director of Global Industries at Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited.

At the annual Summer Davos are either policy makers themselves or their consultants; so price fluctuations and employment are their top concerns of course.

As the co-host of the forum, the chief of China's National Development and Reform Commission has aired his concern on the impact of Brexit on investment.

"The status quo may lead to a capital outflow, a plunge of asset prices, and a weaker exchange rate. Investing enterprises may face risks of falling asset prices and exchange rate fluctuations," says Xu Shaoshi, director of China's top economic planner.

The founder and executive chairperson of the World Economic Forum is more philosophical.

"I think it's too early to predict what will happen. I also would like to always remind myself it was not a vote of UK. It was mainly a vote of the older generation and it teaches us that the older generation may be more fearful about the future compared to the young generation which has voted much more in a poorer European in an open way," says Klaus Schwab, founder and executive chairman of the World Economic Forum.

The three-day forum in Tianjin has to open an exclusive panel discussion on "After the Brexit" on its opening day, after Britain voted last Friday to leave the EU by 51.9 percent to 48.1 percent in the referendum.

The outcome of the Brexit referendum has not only given worldwide markets enough reason to react to, it has also provided the Summer Davos enough rationale to ponder upon.

Participants of the summer edition of the World Economic Forum in China's Tianjin have to part with their scheduled timetable to specifically focus on Brexit and its impact on world markets and global economy.

"I do think the markets over the weekend and already on Monday when markets opening in Asia, followers around the world will be focusing on what happens next. How do we digest this? There is already a lot of political speculations, if not economic news but political news speculations out of Europe. Is it fast or slow and what does this mean? But I think it's important to put this into context. We view this now as a shock and surprise, but not a crisis," defines Michael Falcon, CEO of Asia Pacific, Global Investment Management at J.P. Morgan Asset Management.

Not quite along the same line, an industrialist from Britain itself shares his opinion with us.

"I think the issue for us is one of instability and uncertainty in businesses wherever they are; don't like instability or uncertainty for investment or jobs. We are a very strong business, and we will be a very strong business," says Larry Stone, president of Group Public and Government Affairs at BT Group which is a British multinational telecommunications service provider.

One financial analyst has offered to complete the two-pronged concerns.

"If certain affiliates choose to move out, then people in the UK who support those affiliates are going to lose their jobs. So to me, the big story is about the people, about the people of the UK," says Gary Coleman, managing director of Global Industries at Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited.

At the annual Summer Davos are either policy makers themselves or their consultants; so price fluctuations and employment are their top concerns of course.

As the co-host of the forum, the chief of China's National Development and Reform Commission has aired his concern on the impact of Brexit on investment.

"The status quo may lead to a capital outflow, a plunge of asset prices, and a weaker exchange rate. Investing enterprises may face risks of falling asset prices and exchange rate fluctuations," says Xu Shaoshi, director of China's top economic planner.

The founder and executive chairperson of the World Economic Forum is more philosophical.

"I think it's too early to predict what will happen. I also would like to always remind myself it was not a vote of UK. It was mainly a vote of the older generation and it teaches us that the older generation may be more fearful about the future compared to the young generation which has voted much more in a poorer European in an open way," says Klaus Schwab, founder and executive chairman of the World Economic Forum.

The three-day forum in Tianjin has to open an exclusive panel discussion on "After the Brexit" on its opening day, after Britain voted last Friday to leave the EU by 51.9 percent to 48.1 percent in the referendum.

Tianjin Municipality, north China - June 26, 2016

1. Panel discussion themed on "After the Brexit"

2. SOUNDBITE (English) Michael Falcon, CEO of Asia Pacific, Global Investment Management, J.P. Morgan Asset Management (starting with shot 1):

"I do think the markets over the weekend and already on Monday when markets opening in Asia, followers around the world will be focusing on what happens next. How do we digest this? There is already a lot of political speculations,if not economic news but political news speculations out of Europe. Is it fast or slow and what does this mean? But I think it's important to put this into context. We view this now as a shock and surprise, but not a crisis."

Tokyo, Japan - Recent

3.Various of electronic screen showing Nikkei Stock Index

Seoul, South Korea - Recent

4.Various of banking staff working at office

Tianjin Municipality, north China - June 26, 2016

5. SOUNDBITE (English) Larry Stone, president, Group Public and Government Affairs, BT Group:

"I think the issue for us is one of instability and uncertainty in businesses wherever they are; don't like instability or uncertainty for investment or jobs. We are a very strong business, and we will be a very strong business."

London, UK - Recent

6. National flags of United Kingdom hung up across street

7. Pedestrians

8. Various of money exchange board

Tianjin Municipality, north China - June 26, 2016

9. SOUNDBITE (English) Gary Coleman, managing director of Global Industries, Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited:

"If certain affiliates choose to move out, then people in the UK who support those affiliates are going to lose their jobs. So to me, the big story is about the people, about the people of the UK."

London, UK - Recent

10. Bridge

11. Building under construction

Tianjin Municipality, north China - June 26, 2016

12. SOUNDBITE (Chinese) Xu Shaoshi, head of National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC):

"The status quo may lead to a capital outflow, a plunge of asset prices, and a weaker exchange rate. Investing enterprises may face risks of falling asset prices and exchange rate fluctuations."

London, UK - Recent

13. Television screen showing logo of Leave.EU, an organization campaigning for the Leave vote in Brexit referendum, sign reading "Leave EU"

14. British national flags on table

Tianjin Municipality, north China - June 26, 2016

15. SOUNDBITE (English) Klaus Schwab, founder and executive chairman of the World Economic Forum (WEF):

"I think it's too early to predict what will happen. I also would like to always remind myself it was not a vote of UK. It was mainly a vote of the older generation and it teaches us that the older generation may be more fearful about the future compared to the young generation which has voted much more in a poorer European in an open way."

London, UK - Recent

16. Statue

17. Clock at street corner

FOR CLEAN VERSION SEE STORY NUMBER: 4038463

LEAD IN:

UK wine industry experts are eyeing the upcoming vote on whether to leave the European Union with mixed feelings.

With producers and suppliers heavily reliant on pan-European trade, many remain unsure how Brexit will impact upon business.

STORY-LINE:

Sparkling wine on a summer's day in the English capital.

Glistening flutes and bottles in abundance, and a crowd of happy lunchtime drinkers add to the atmosphere of excitement and discovery, along with an impromptu game of ping pong.

It must be London Wine Week.

This is the third year of the festival, and this year is the most popular to date.

Festival director Emma Murphy says "It's the largest self-guided wine tasting that there is across London. It's kind of the only event of its kind that we have over here. So we work with 125 bars, restaurants, independent merchants who all get involved" .

But although these flutes of fizz are English sparkling wine, much of the wine the festival goers here are tasting is from EU member states such as France, Spain, Portugal, Italy and Germany.

The June 23 referendum on whether to quit the European Union is fast approaching. So is this something the industry should fear?

"I wouldn't have said so," says Murphy.

"Wine trade has been going for long enough, even long before the euro, so I wouldn't have thought that would make much difference to be honest with you. Hopefully not anyway."

At the festival hub on London's Devonshire Square, there are pop-up bars featuring wines from across Europe.

These two young graduate trainees are enjoying wines from Portugal, and with their festival wristband, it costs them just five British Pounds for a flight of three.

Oscar Stenbom and Anna Rogers both agree that things may well be different if Britain leaves the union.

"If it's more expensive for them to send the wine here, if there's more tariffs, then yeah I guess it would be," says Anna, while Oscar is concerned about regulation and labelling:

"It would also be more difficult to know what you are drinking because there won't be as many restrictions on labelling the wine based on where it's actually from and the grape it's actually come from."

The New Street wine shop has been taken over by the wine festival. They sell wines from all over the world but today they are holding a tasting featuring wines from Ribera del Duero in northern Spain.

Most wine drinkers know about the region of Rioja, but Bettina Lemm is informing these festival goers about the region she represents.

"I think they (wines of Ribera del Duero) are still an emerging market, especially in the UK. The UK is an important market for Ribera del Duero, it's the seventh-largest export market for Ribera del Duero but I think that we're still establishing ourselves."

But if the UK is an important export market, is Brexit going to throw the proverbial spanner into the works? Lemm doesn't seem too worried "I think at the moment we're pretty confident as we've seen year to year that exports have grown. I think that's going to continue and I don't think it's a worry that we have at the moment," she says.

Wine used to have a rather old fashioned reputation and a comparatively elderly demographic, but this has changed enormously in recent years.

The prevalence of wine clubs popping up in the UK is an indicator of wine's increasing popularity.

Tom Harrow of Honest Grapes explains why this is "I think this is because people want to engage more with what's in the bottle. It's not just liquid, they want to know the stories behind it, they want to meet the people involved. And there's the sociable aspect, you know wine is fundamentally something which we do with other people," he says.

With 125 venues across the metropolis taking part in this festival, there's plenty of opportunity to enjoy it with friends.

But with such enthusiasm for wine spreading across the country, June 23 could bring disruption, according to Harrow "It's fair to say that we're a bit concerned about the possibilities of Brexit, I think the rising price of the euro against the pound will have a serious effect on quality wine. At the moment more than 60 percent of wine that comes into the UK is shipped in massive great tankers and bottled over here and that's not something we get involved with. But that becomes the only affordable way if the pound plummets against the euro. So I think that it won't be a good thing initially for the wine consumer because the prices of these small artisan wines will go up" .

However, the future might be bright in other, unexpected ways.

"All the English wine makers that I speak to say we are half a degree away from being a perfect climate for sparkling wines at least," says Harrow, and with apologies to climate change icon Al Gore, he adds that "global warming is a good thing for the UK sparkling wine trade."

Reports by the WSTA (Wine and Spirit Trade Association) suggest there is still some way to go as the UK comes in at number six on the list of sales of sparkling wine by origin - but it's rising year on year.

600 million bottles of wine are bottled in the UK.

This makes the UK wine market the sixth largest in the world, generating 173 billion British pounds of economic activity, according to the WSTA. 10 billion British pounds are made through sales.

Also being showcased here is one of the new kids on the alcohol block, Regal Rogue Vermouth.

According to brand founder Mark Ward, vermouth, by definition, is 75 percent wine. It must have wormwood and it must have an ABV (alcohol by volume) of 15 to 24 percent. These three things have to be in place for a producer to put vermouth on the bottle or it flouts recent EU regulations.

Ward, who was brought up in hospitality, began the project in Australia where he worked closely with top Australian chefs who introduced him to indigenous herbs and spices.

"It seemed like a really obvious thing to do, marrying the herbs and spices with this abundance of Australian wine to create a New World style of vermouth. And you know the tradition of vermouth is really led by the European markets. You know, Italian, French, now Spanish - but now there are vermouths coming out of America, the UK, Germany and obviously Australia. So pretty much anywhere where you find wine now, you will find a vermouth of some sort." he says.

Ward is attempting to educate the wine drinking market which, he believes, is mostly unaware of the fact that vermouth is fundamentally a wine.

This can only be helped by a new pop up for 2016, the Vermouth Bar.

The parent company of London Wine Week is the aptly named "Drink Up London", and they're already preparing for the 2017 event - Brexit or no Brexit.

FOR CLEAN VERSION SEE STORY NUMBER: 4038463

LEAD IN:

UK wine industry experts are eyeing the upcoming vote on whether to leave the European Union with mixed feelings.

With producers and suppliers heavily reliant on pan-European trade, many remain unsure how Brexit will impact upon business.

STORY-LINE:

Sparkling wine on a summer's day in the English capital.

Glistening flutes and bottles in abundance, and a crowd of happy lunchtime drinkers add to the atmosphere of excitement and discovery, along with an impromptu game of ping pong.

It must be London Wine Week.

This is the third year of the festival, and this year is the most popular to date.

Festival director Emma Murphy says "It's the largest self-guided wine tasting that there is across London. It's kind of the only event of its kind that we have over here. So we work with 125 bars, restaurants, independent merchants who all get involved" .

But although these flutes of fizz are English sparkling wine, much of the wine the festival goers here are tasting is from EU member states such as France, Spain, Portugal, Italy and Germany.

The June 23 referendum on whether to quit the European Union is fast approaching. So is this something the industry should fear?

"I wouldn't have said so," says Murphy.

"Wine trade has been going for long enough, even long before the euro, so I wouldn't have thought that would make much difference to be honest with you. Hopefully not anyway."

At the festival hub on London's Devonshire Square, there are pop-up bars featuring wines from across Europe.

These two young graduate trainees are enjoying wines from Portugal, and with their festival wristband, it costs them just five British Pounds for a flight of three.

Oscar Stenbom and Anna Rogers both agree that things may well be different if Britain leaves the union.

"If it's more expensive for them to send the wine here, if there's more tariffs, then yeah I guess it would be," says Anna, while Oscar is concerned about regulation and labelling:

"It would also be more difficult to know what you are drinking because there won't be as many restrictions on labelling the wine based on where it's actually from and the grape it's actually come from."

The New Street wine shop has been taken over by the wine festival. They sell wines from all over the world but today they are holding a tasting featuring wines from Ribera del Duero in northern Spain.

Most wine drinkers know about the region of Rioja, but Bettina Lemm is informing these festival goers about the region she represents.

"I think they (wines of Ribera del Duero) are still an emerging market, especially in the UK. The UK is an important market for Ribera del Duero, it's the seventh-largest export market for Ribera del Duero but I think that we're still establishing ourselves."

But if the UK is an important export market, is Brexit going to throw the proverbial spanner into the works? Lemm doesn't seem too worried "I think at the moment we're pretty confident as we've seen year to year that exports have grown. I think that's going to continue and I don't think it's a worry that we have at the moment," she says.

Wine used to have a rather old fashioned reputation and a comparatively elderly demographic, but this has changed enormously in recent years.

The prevalence of wine clubs popping up in the UK is an indicator of wine's increasing popularity.

Tom Harrow of Honest Grapes explains why this is "I think this is because people want to engage more with what's in the bottle. It's not just liquid, they want to know the stories behind it, they want to meet the people involved. And there's the sociable aspect, you know wine is fundamentally something which we do with other people," he says.

With 125 venues across the metropolis taking part in this festival, there's plenty of opportunity to enjoy it with friends.

But with such enthusiasm for wine spreading across the country, June 23 could bring disruption, according to Harrow "It's fair to say that we're a bit concerned about the possibilities of Brexit, I think the rising price of the euro against the pound will have a serious effect on quality wine. At the moment more than 60 percent of wine that comes into the UK is shipped in massive great tankers and bottled over here and that's not something we get involved with. But that becomes the only affordable way if the pound plummets against the euro. So I think that it won't be a good thing initially for the wine consumer because the prices of these small artisan wines will go up" .

However, the future might be bright in other, unexpected ways.

"All the English wine makers that I speak to say we are half a degree away from being a perfect climate for sparkling wines at least," says Harrow, and with apologies to climate change icon Al Gore, he adds that "global warming is a good thing for the UK sparkling wine trade."

Reports by the WSTA (Wine and Spirit Trade Association) suggest there is still some way to go as the UK comes in at number six on the list of sales of sparkling wine by origin - but it's rising year on year.

600 million bottles of wine are bottled in the UK.

This makes the UK wine market the sixth largest in the world, generating 173 billion British pounds of economic activity, according to the WSTA. 10 billion British pounds are made through sales.

Also being showcased here is one of the new kids on the alcohol block, Regal Rogue Vermouth.

According to brand founder Mark Ward, vermouth, by definition, is 75 percent wine. It must have wormwood and it must have an ABV (alcohol by volume) of 15 to 24 percent. These three things have to be in place for a producer to put vermouth on the bottle or it flouts recent EU regulations.

Ward, who was brought up in hospitality, began the project in Australia where he worked closely with top Australian chefs who introduced him to indigenous herbs and spices.

"It seemed like a really obvious thing to do, marrying the herbs and spices with this abundance of Australian wine to create a New World style of vermouth. And you know the tradition of vermouth is really led by the European markets. You know, Italian, French, now Spanish - but now there are vermouths coming out of America, the UK, Germany and obviously Australia. So pretty much anywhere where you find wine now, you will find a vermouth of some sort." he says.

Ward is attempting to educate the wine drinking market which, he believes, is mostly unaware of the fact that vermouth is fundamentally a wine.

This can only be helped by a new pop up for 2016, the Vermouth Bar.

The parent company of London Wine Week is the aptly named "Drink Up London", and they're already preparing for the 2017 event - Brexit or no Brexit.

AP Television

London - 27 May 2016

1. Close of wine glasses

2. Bartender pouring sparkling wine

3. Tilt down on central courtyard at Devonshire Square, the hub for London Wine Week

4. Group of friends enjoying English sparkling wine

5. Men playing table tennis

6. Sign reading (English) "London Wine Week"

7. Set up shot of Emma Murphy, director of London Wine Week

8. SOUNDBITE (English) Emma Murphy, director of London Wine Week

"What's unique about it? It's the largest self-guided wine tasting that there is across London. It's kind of the only event of its kind that we have over here. So we work with 125 bars, restaurants, independent merchants who all get involved whether that's with offers, special menus or ticketed events across the week."

9. Two women with wine flight selection

10. SOUNDBITE (English) Emma Murphy, director of London Wine Week

(Responding to the question Do you think a Brexit will affect the wine industry negatively?)

"I wouldn't have said so, because I mean, I think, you know, wine trade has been going for long enough, even long before the euro, so I wouldn't have thought that would make much difference to be honest with you. Hopefully not anyway."

11. Sign reading (English) "Pop into our pop up wine bars"

12. Various of Portuguese wine pop up

13. Mid of graduate trainees in insurance Oscar Stenpom and Anna Rogers

14. Flight of Portuguese wines

15. SOUNDBITE (English) Oscar Stenbom and Anna Rogers, Insurance Graduate Trainees:

(Responding to question Do you think a Brexit will mean it will be more difficult for people to access quality wine?)

Stenbom: "Yes,"

Rogers: "I guess so, I mean if it's more expensive for them to send the wine here, if there's more tariffs, then yeah I guess it would be."

Stenbom: "It would also be more difficult to know what you're drinking, because there won't be as many restrictions on labelling the wine based on where it's actually from and the grape it's actually come from."

16. Pull focus of Spanish wine labels

17. Vintage bottles of fortified wine

18. Side view of Spanish wine bottles

19. Set up shot of Bettina Lemm with wines from Ribera del Duero in northern Spain

20. SOUNDBITE (English) Bettina Lemm, Westbury Communications (which represents the Ribera del Duero region in the UK):

"I think they (wines of Ribera del Duero) are still an emerging market, especially in the UK. The UK is an important market for Ribera del Duero, it's the seventh-largest export market for Ribera del Duero, but I think that we're still establishing ourselves. A lot of people know some big names from the region, and we're just trying to bring attention to some other grape producers who might not yet have the same recognition."

21. Close of wine labels

22. SOUNDBITE (English) Bettina Lemm, Westbury Communications (who represent the Ribera del Duero region in the UK):

(Responding to the question are you worried about the possibility of a Brexit affecting your export market?)

"I think at the moment we're pretty confident, as we've seen year to year that exports have grown. I think that's going to continue and I don't think it's a worry that we have at the moment."

23. Pan from mediaeval knight sculpture to pop up courtyard

24. Mid of Provence wines pop up

25. Establisher shot of Tom Harrow, wine director of Honest Grapes Wine Club

26. Close of Harrow eyeing the wine

27. SOUNDBITE (English) Tom Harrow, wine director of Honest Grapes:

"There's been a real rise in wine clubs in London and the UK generally of late, and I think this is because people want to engage more with what's in the bottle. It's not just liquid, they want to know the stories behind it, they want to meet the people involved. And there's the sociable aspect, you know wine is fundamentally something which we do with other people."

28. Mid of woman laughing over a glass of wine

29. SOUNDBITE (English) Tom Harrow, wine director of Honest Grapes:

"It's fair to say that we're a bit concerned about the possibilities of Brexit, I think the rising price of the euro against the pound will have a serious effect on quality wine. At the moment more than 60 percent of wine that comes into the UK is shipped in massive great tankers and then bottled over here and that's not something we get involved with. But that becomes the only affordable way if the pound plummets against the euro. So I think that it won't be a good thing initially for the wine consumer because the prices of these small artisan wines will go up."

30. Woman at table with wine

31. SOUNDBITE (English) Tom Harrow, wine director of Honest Grapes:

"All the English wine makers that I speak to say we are half a degree away from being a perfect climate for sparkling wines at least - and even the whites, and to an extent the reds are really coming up. So I have to say it - sorry Al Gore - global warming is a good thing for the UK sparkling wine trade."

32. Various of English rose and white sparkling wines

33. Vermouth being poured into a glass

34. Various of "Regal Rogue" Vermouth bottle

35. Tilt up of Mark Ward, founder of Regal Rogue vermouth, and his produce

36. SOUNDBITE (English) Mark Ward, founder of Regal Rogue vermouth:

"It seemed like a really obvious thing to do, marrying the herbs and spices with this abundance of Australian wine to create a New World style of vermouth. And you know the tradition of vermouth is really led by the European markets. You know, Italian, French, now Spanish - but now there are vermouths coming out of America, the UK, Germany and obviously Australia. So pretty much anywhere where you find wine now, you will find a vermouth of some sort."

37. Crowd of London Wine Week attendees at the Vermouth Bar

38. Mid of vermouth cocktails being made

39. Focus pull of sign reading (English) "Drink Up"

LENGTH: 6:02

LEAD IN:

UK wine industry experts are eyeing the upcoming vote on whether to leave the European Union with mixed feelings.

With producers and suppliers heavily reliant on pan-European trade, many remain unsure how Brexit will impact upon business.

STORY-LINE:

Sparkling wine on a summer's day in the English capital.

Glistening flutes and bottles in abundance, and a crowd of happy lunchtime drinkers add to the atmosphere of excitement and discovery, along with an impromptu game of ping pong.

It must be London Wine Week.

This is the third year of the festival, and this year is the most popular to date.

Festival director Emma Murphy says "It's the largest self-guided wine tasting that there is across London. It's kind of the only event of its kind that we have over here. So we work with 125 bars, restaurants, independent merchants who all get involved" .

But although these flutes of fizz are English sparkling wine, much of the wine the festival goers here are tasting is from EU member states such as France, Spain, Portugal, Italy and Germany.

The June 23 referendum on whether to quit the European Union is fast approaching. So is this something the industry should fear?

"I wouldn't have said so," says Murphy.

"Wine trade has been going for long enough, even long before the euro, so I wouldn't have thought that would make much difference to be honest with you. Hopefully not anyway."

At the festival hub on London's Devonshire Square, there are pop-up bars featuring wines from across Europe.

These two young graduate trainees are enjoying wines from Portugal, and with their festival wristband, it costs them just five British Pounds for a flight of three.

Oscar Stenbom and Anna Rogers both agree that things may well be different if Britain leaves the union.

"If it's more expensive for them to send the wine here, if there's more tariffs, then yeah I guess it would be," says Anna, while Oscar is concerned about regulation and labelling:

"It would also be more difficult to know what you are drinking because there won't be as many restrictions on labelling the wine based on where it's actually from and the grape it's actually come from."

The New Street wine shop has been taken over by the wine festival. They sell wines from all over the world but today they are holding a tasting featuring wines from Ribera del Duero in northern Spain.

Most wine drinkers know about the region of Rioja, but Bettina Lemm is informing these festival goers about the region she represents.

"I think they (wines of Ribera del Duero) are still an emerging market, especially in the UK. The UK is an important market for Ribera del Duero, it's the seventh-largest export market for Ribera del Duero but I think that we're still establishing ourselves."

But if the UK is an important export market, is Brexit going to throw the proverbial spanner into the works? Lemm doesn't seem too worried "I think at the moment we're pretty confident as we've seen year to year that exports have grown. I think that's going to continue and I don't think it's a worry that we have at the moment," she says.

Wine used to have a rather old fashioned reputation and a comparatively elderly demographic, but this has changed enormously in recent years.

The prevalence of wine clubs popping up in the UK is an indicator of wine's increasing popularity.

Tom Harrow of Honest Grapes explains why this is "I think this is because people want to engage more with what's in the bottle. It's not just liquid, they want to know the stories behind it, they want to meet the people involved. And there's the sociable aspect, you know wine is fundamentally something which we do with other people," he says.

With 125 venues across the metropolis taking part in this festival, there's plenty of opportunity to enjoy it with friends.

But with such enthusiasm for wine spreading across the country, June 23 could bring disruption, according to Harrow "It's fair to say that we're a bit concerned about the possibilities of Brexit, I think the rising price of the euro against the pound will have a serious effect on quality wine. At the moment more than 60 percent of wine that comes into the UK is shipped in massive great tankers and bottled over here and that's not something we get involved with. But that becomes the only affordable way if the pound plummets against the euro. So I think that it won't be a good thing initially for the wine consumer because the prices of these small artisan wines will go up" .

However, the future might be bright in other, unexpected ways.

"All the English wine makers that I speak to say we are half a degree away from being a perfect climate for sparkling wines at least," says Harrow, and with apologies to climate change icon Al Gore, he adds that "global warming is a good thing for the UK sparkling wine trade."

Reports by the WSTA (Wine and Spirit Trade Association) suggest there is still some way to go as the UK comes in at number six on the list of sales of sparkling wine by origin - but it's rising year on year.

600 million bottles of wine are bottled in the UK.

This makes the UK wine market the sixth largest in the world, generating 173 billion British pounds of economic activity, according to the WSTA. 10 billion British pounds are made through sales.

Also being showcased here is one of the new kids on the alcohol block, Regal Rogue Vermouth.

According to brand founder Mark Ward, vermouth, by definition, is 75 percent wine. It must have wormwood and it must have an ABV (alcohol by volume) of 15 to 24 percent. These three things have to be in place for a producer to put vermouth on the bottle or it flouts recent EU regulations.

Ward, who was brought up in hospitality, began the project in Australia where he worked closely with top Australian chefs who introduced him to indigenous herbs and spices.

"It seemed like a really obvious thing to do, marrying the herbs and spices with this abundance of Australian wine to create a New World style of vermouth. And you know the tradition of vermouth is really led by the European markets. You know, Italian, French, now Spanish - but now there are vermouths coming out of America, the UK, Germany and obviously Australia. So pretty much anywhere where you find wine now, you will find a vermouth of some sort." he says.

Ward is attempting to educate the wine drinking market which, he believes, is mostly unaware of the fact that vermouth is fundamentally a wine.

This can only be helped by a new pop up for 2016, the Vermouth Bar.

The parent company of London Wine Week is the aptly named "Drink Up London", and they're already preparing for the 2017 event - Brexit or no Brexit.

LEAD IN:

UK wine industry experts are eyeing the upcoming vote on whether to leave the European Union with mixed feelings.

With producers and suppliers heavily reliant on pan-European trade, many remain unsure how Brexit will impact upon business.

STORY-LINE:

Sparkling wine on a summer's day in the English capital.

Glistening flutes and bottles in abundance, and a crowd of happy lunchtime drinkers add to the atmosphere of excitement and discovery, along with an impromptu game of ping pong.

It must be London Wine Week.

This is the third year of the festival, and this year is the most popular to date.

Festival director Emma Murphy says "It's the largest self-guided wine tasting that there is across London. It's kind of the only event of its kind that we have over here. So we work with 125 bars, restaurants, independent merchants who all get involved" .

But although these flutes of fizz are English sparkling wine, much of the wine the festival goers here are tasting is from EU member states such as France, Spain, Portugal, Italy and Germany.

The June 23 referendum on whether to quit the European Union is fast approaching. So is this something the industry should fear?

"I wouldn't have said so," says Murphy.

"Wine trade has been going for long enough, even long before the euro, so I wouldn't have thought that would make much difference to be honest with you. Hopefully not anyway."

At the festival hub on London's Devonshire Square, there are pop-up bars featuring wines from across Europe.

These two young graduate trainees are enjoying wines from Portugal, and with their festival wristband, it costs them just five British Pounds for a flight of three.

Oscar Stenbom and Anna Rogers both agree that things may well be different if Britain leaves the union.

"If it's more expensive for them to send the wine here, if there's more tariffs, then yeah I guess it would be," says Anna, while Oscar is concerned about regulation and labelling:

"It would also be more difficult to know what you are drinking because there won't be as many restrictions on labelling the wine based on where it's actually from and the grape it's actually come from."

The New Street wine shop has been taken over by the wine festival. They sell wines from all over the world but today they are holding a tasting featuring wines from Ribera del Duero in northern Spain.

Most wine drinkers know about the region of Rioja, but Bettina Lemm is informing these festival goers about the region she represents.

"I think they (wines of Ribera del Duero) are still an emerging market, especially in the UK. The UK is an important market for Ribera del Duero, it's the seventh-largest export market for Ribera del Duero but I think that we're still establishing ourselves."

But if the UK is an important export market, is Brexit going to throw the proverbial spanner into the works? Lemm doesn't seem too worried "I think at the moment we're pretty confident as we've seen year to year that exports have grown. I think that's going to continue and I don't think it's a worry that we have at the moment," she says.

Wine used to have a rather old fashioned reputation and a comparatively elderly demographic, but this has changed enormously in recent years.

The prevalence of wine clubs popping up in the UK is an indicator of wine's increasing popularity.

Tom Harrow of Honest Grapes explains why this is "I think this is because people want to engage more with what's in the bottle. It's not just liquid, they want to know the stories behind it, they want to meet the people involved. And there's the sociable aspect, you know wine is fundamentally something which we do with other people," he says.

With 125 venues across the metropolis taking part in this festival, there's plenty of opportunity to enjoy it with friends.

But with such enthusiasm for wine spreading across the country, June 23 could bring disruption, according to Harrow "It's fair to say that we're a bit concerned about the possibilities of Brexit, I think the rising price of the euro against the pound will have a serious effect on quality wine. At the moment more than 60 percent of wine that comes into the UK is shipped in massive great tankers and bottled over here and that's not something we get involved with. But that becomes the only affordable way if the pound plummets against the euro. So I think that it won't be a good thing initially for the wine consumer because the prices of these small artisan wines will go up" .

However, the future might be bright in other, unexpected ways.

"All the English wine makers that I speak to say we are half a degree away from being a perfect climate for sparkling wines at least," says Harrow, and with apologies to climate change icon Al Gore, he adds that "global warming is a good thing for the UK sparkling wine trade."

Reports by the WSTA (Wine and Spirit Trade Association) suggest there is still some way to go as the UK comes in at number six on the list of sales of sparkling wine by origin - but it's rising year on year.

600 million bottles of wine are bottled in the UK.

This makes the UK wine market the sixth largest in the world, generating 173 billion British pounds of economic activity, according to the WSTA. 10 billion British pounds are made through sales.

Also being showcased here is one of the new kids on the alcohol block, Regal Rogue Vermouth.

According to brand founder Mark Ward, vermouth, by definition, is 75 percent wine. It must have wormwood and it must have an ABV (alcohol by volume) of 15 to 24 percent. These three things have to be in place for a producer to put vermouth on the bottle or it flouts recent EU regulations.

Ward, who was brought up in hospitality, began the project in Australia where he worked closely with top Australian chefs who introduced him to indigenous herbs and spices.

"It seemed like a really obvious thing to do, marrying the herbs and spices with this abundance of Australian wine to create a New World style of vermouth. And you know the tradition of vermouth is really led by the European markets. You know, Italian, French, now Spanish - but now there are vermouths coming out of America, the UK, Germany and obviously Australia. So pretty much anywhere where you find wine now, you will find a vermouth of some sort." he says.

Ward is attempting to educate the wine drinking market which, he believes, is mostly unaware of the fact that vermouth is fundamentally a wine.

This can only be helped by a new pop up for 2016, the Vermouth Bar.

The parent company of London Wine Week is the aptly named "Drink Up London", and they're already preparing for the 2017 event - Brexit or no Brexit.

AP Television

London - 27 May 2016

1. Close of wine glasses

2. Bartender pouring sparkling wine

3. Tilt down on central courtyard at Devonshire Square, the hub for London Wine Week

4. Group of friends enjoying English sparkling wine

5. Men playing table tennis

6. Sign reading (English) "London Wine Week"

7. Set up shot of Emma Murphy, director of London Wine Week

8. SOUNDBITE (English) Emma Murphy, director of London Wine Week

"What's unique about it? It's the largest self-guided wine tasting that there is across London. It's kind of the only event of its kind that we have over here. So we work with 125 bars, restaurants, independent merchants who all get involved whether that's with offers, special menus or ticketed events across the week."

9. Two women with wine flight selection

10. SOUNDBITE (English) Emma Murphy, director of London Wine Week

(Responding to the question Do you think a Brexit will affect the wine industry negatively?)

"I wouldn't have said so, because I mean, I think, you know, wine trade has been going for long enough, even long before the euro, so I wouldn't have thought that would make much difference to be honest with you. Hopefully not anyway."

11. Sign reading (English) "Pop into our pop up wine bars"

12. Various of Portuguese wine pop up

13. Mid of graduate trainees in insurance Oscar Stenpom and Anna Rogers

14. Flight of Portuguese wines

15. SOUNDBITE (English) Oscar Stenbom and Anna Rogers, Insurance Graduate Trainees:

(Responding to question Do you think a Brexit will mean it will be more difficult for people to access quality wine?)

Stenbom: "Yes,"

Rogers: "I guess so, I mean if it's more expensive for them to send the wine here, if there's more tariffs, then yeah I guess it would be."

Stenbom: "It would also be more difficult to know what you're drinking, because there won't be as many restrictions on labelling the wine based on where it's actually from and the grape it's actually come from."

16. Pull focus of Spanish wine labels

17. Vintage bottles of fortified wine

18. Side view of Spanish wine bottles

19. Set up shot of Bettina Lemm with wines from Ribera del Duero in northern Spain

20. SOUNDBITE (English) Bettina Lemm, Westbury Communications (which represents the Ribera del Duero region in the UK):

"I think they (wines of Ribera del Duero) are still an emerging market, especially in the UK. The UK is an important market for Ribera del Duero, it's the seventh-largest export market for Ribera del Duero, but I think that we're still establishing ourselves. A lot of people know some big names from the region, and we're just trying to bring attention to some other grape producers who might not yet have the same recognition."

21. Close of wine labels

22. SOUNDBITE (English) Bettina Lemm, Westbury Communications (who represent the Ribera del Duero region in the UK):

(Responding to the question are you worried about the possibility of a Brexit affecting your export market?)

"I think at the moment we're pretty confident, as we've seen year to year that exports have grown. I think that's going to continue and I don't think it's a worry that we have at the moment."

23. Pan from mediaeval knight sculpture to pop up courtyard

24. Mid of Provence wines pop up

25. Establisher shot of Tom Harrow, wine director of Honest Grapes Wine Club

26. Close of Harrow eyeing the wine

27. SOUNDBITE (English) Tom Harrow, wine director of Honest Grapes:

"There's been a real rise in wine clubs in London and the UK generally of late, and I think this is because people want to engage more with what's in the bottle. It's not just liquid, they want to know the stories behind it, they want to meet the people involved. And there's the sociable aspect, you know wine is fundamentally something which we do with other people."

28. Mid of woman laughing over a glass of wine

29. SOUNDBITE (English) Tom Harrow, wine director of Honest Grapes:

"It's fair to say that we're a bit concerned about the possibilities of Brexit, I think the rising price of the euro against the pound will have a serious effect on quality wine. At the moment more than 60 percent of wine that comes into the UK is shipped in massive great tankers and then bottled over here and that's not something we get involved with. But that becomes the only affordable way if the pound plummets against the euro. So I think that it won't be a good thing initially for the wine consumer because the prices of these small artisan wines will go up."

30. Woman at table with wine

31. SOUNDBITE (English) Tom Harrow, wine director of Honest Grapes:

"All the English wine makers that I speak to say we are half a degree away from being a perfect climate for sparkling wines at least - and even the whites, and to an extent the reds are really coming up. So I have to say it - sorry Al Gore - global warming is a good thing for the UK sparkling wine trade."

32. Various of English rose and white sparkling wines

33. Vermouth being poured into a glass

34. Various of "Regal Rogue" Vermouth bottle

35. Tilt up of Mark Ward, founder of Regal Rogue vermouth, and his produce

36. SOUNDBITE (English) Mark Ward, founder of Regal Rogue vermouth:

"It seemed like a really obvious thing to do, marrying the herbs and spices with this abundance of Australian wine to create a New World style of vermouth. And you know the tradition of vermouth is really led by the European markets. You know, Italian, French, now Spanish - but now there are vermouths coming out of America, the UK, Germany and obviously Australia. So pretty much anywhere where you find wine now, you will find a vermouth of some sort."

37. Crowd of London Wine Week attendees at the Vermouth Bar

38. Mid of vermouth cocktails being made

39. Focus pull of sign reading (English) "Drink Up"

LENGTH: 6:02

LEAD IN:

For decades Britain's discontent over its European Union (EU) membership has simmered on, but then came the June referendum.

Nationalism surfaced and Britain's voted to leave the EU.

Brexit as it became known sent shockwaves through money markets and governments around the world.

STORY-LINE:

In the weeks running up to referendum judgement day, the British were busy with a little soul searching.

Mulling over their shared history, the country's pride in their democracy and heritage.

It was a year when Queen Elizabeth celebrated being the longest reigning UK monarch and the country celebrated her ninetieth birthday.

The pomp and ceremony from her recent jubilee were still a source of pride and were reminiscent of the heydays when London style was considered to be world leading.

In the 1960's British fashion and British pop were riding high.

That sense of being at the vanguard of style has continued, according to Robert Johnston the Fashion Director of GQ Magazine: "You also think street scene, you think east London, you think hipsters, you think the most vibrant street fashion possibly in the world."

Author Iain Aitch explained how a variety of heritages were now mixed up, making Britishness a more complex idea to communicate: "Everyone might say a Sunday roast or fish and chips, that's a quintessentially British meal, but then suddenly everyone says it's chicken tikka masala."

But it wasn't this hipster, Brick Lane art and curry house side of Britain that won the vote.

The referendum on June 23rd was to signal the start of a long debate.

Britons for the first time had to absorb what being outside of the EU looked like.

Britain joined what was then called the European Economic Community in January 1973.

This was ratified by a referendum in 1975 with a resounding 67% majority.

By the seventies, Britain was beset by strikes and disgruntled union workers.

Traditional industries such as manufacturing and coal were in decline in the mid seventies.

Unemployment exceeded one million for the first time in March 1975. By the August that figure had increased to 1.25 million.

Some 83,000 immigrants were living in the UK by 1975, mostly from the Commonwealth.

According to Migration Watch UK for the year ending December 2015, net migration to the UK was 333,000.

And the lady had yet to turn. Margaret Thatcher MP (then leader of the opposition) campaigned to stay in the European Economic Community.

Later as prime minister between 1979 and 1990, Thatcher was known for her tough line with Brussels, especially during negotiations for the Maastrict Treaty in 1992.

The city of Maastrict is the home of the treaty which created the EU.

As summer arrived, businesses, leading universities and research establishments were beginning to assess the impact of Brexit.

For science and medicine, concerns were two fold.

Britain had attracted thousands of top researchers as well as billions of Euros in grants.

They went into research like this at Kings College London.

This project is a multidisciplinary look at the potential causes and effects of autism. It's a long term project which is linked to other studies across Europe.

Doctors and scientists aren't worried about losing cash in the short term, but falling behind in the knowledge race in the long term, especially as Britain has sought to place itself as a central base for the new industrial technologies.

The other fear is losing the brains which have been drawn to British research, people who now fear they will need to move to other institutions to keep up with the cash and the research.

Lead scientist at King's College Professor Declan Murphy warned: "Big questions need big populations to come up with the right answers, and we simply cannot deliver the amount of patients for the amount of science from one centre from one country."

The EU's Horizon 2020 budget is 80-billion Euro which funds medicine and science research across Europe.

Britain's split from the EU will leave a funding gap as well as a brain drain, according to Murphy. He argues it will be the children with autism like Van Velzen who will lose out.

As an island nation, boat building and sales have been important to the UK.

The industry fears rough waters may be ahead for Britain's luxury yacht industry, but right now it's riding on a wave caused by the plunge in the pound's value.

Phil Popham, the CEO of Sunseeker International was cautious: "We've benefited because of the weakness of the pound, but its all about business confidence."

Others like Russell Currie, the Managing Director of Fairline Yachts, says he already had cause to worry: "We've had an overnight decrease in the price of our boats in areas such as the European market."

British Marine's chief executive Howard Pridding tried to show more confidence in the course ahead: "Obviously, industry and business need stability and the time it will take to exit from the European Union will be problematic."

An estimated 1.2 million Britons live in other EU countries, mostly France, Portugal and Spain according to Britain's House of Commons library.

But that's a conservative figure because many expats don't bother registering with their embassies or the local authorities.

At Mijas on Spain's Costa del Sol, many Brits don't want to return to Blighty.

Used to the sun, sea and cafe society, some British residents are so concerned that their lives on the Costas are threatened, that after many years they're finally learning to speak Spanish.

According to Mijas' Mayor Juan Carlos Maldonado: "When the results of the Brexit (referendum) were known, a big uncertainty was created."

Local traders are also keen to keep the British on the Costa.

Many are retired and spend their pensions here.

Bar owner Sergio Morales says: "Most of our clients here, around 80% of them, are British."

A cloud of uncertainty still hangs over British expats in Spain and elsewhere in Europe.

And it's possible a string of similar nationality schools for expats may spring up.

Not everyone was bemoaning the onset of Brexit.

The art and antique market experienced a mini boom according to London dealers at this winter fair.

The weak pound against the dollar and Euro has seen American collectors in particular start to snap up bargains with savings of beween 25 and 30 per cent compared with six months ago.

Art dealers are reporting a similar trend.

They say investors see the arts market as a safe refuge in uncertain times.

As Christmas approaches the toy industry is bracing itself and Santa is wondering whether he'll have much to be jolly about.

It's the time of year when manufacturers and retailers count on making their biggest cash bonus of the year.

According to industry analyst Frederique Tutt: "Since the Brexit vote the toy market has been faring really well with an increase of three percent."

That's because toy retailers buy stock almost a year in advance and can keep prices stable, but the toy dealers here admit next year the stockings left out for Father Chrismas may have shrunk considerably.

There's nothing as Christmassy as a Christmas tree, but in Denmark the outlook for tree producers isn't quite so evergreen.

According to the Danish Christmas Tree Association, the small Scandinavian country grows around 11.5 million trees a year.

About 9.5 million of those are exported.

But these are challenging times and currency fluctuations are having an effect on trade.

Speaking about his members, Claus Jerram Christensen of the Danish Christmas Tree Association says: "They have experienced that the low exchange rate for the sterling pound makes it more difficult to achieve the same prices."

The true impact of Brexit on Britain and Europe as a whole is still to an extent unknown.

The UK government had announced it was to trigger Article 50 next March to start negotiations to leave EU.

But since then, Brexit has twice been contested in the High Court.

One ruling has already stated Britain's law makers should be allowed a vote in Parliament beforehand.

Breaking up, it seems, really is hard to do.

AP Television

London, UK - 22 February 2016

1. Wide of UK Houses of Parliament as London bus passes

2. Close of clock face at the top of Elizabeth Tower, which houses Big Ben

AP Television

London, UK - 16 June 2016

3. Wide of Big Ben as seen from Buckingham Palace

4. Wide of Buckingham Palace

POOL

London, UK - 3 June 2012

5. Queen Elizabeth II with Prince Philip (centre), Charles (left) and Camilla (right) on royal barge during Diamond Jubilee celebrations

6. Mid of Duke and Duchess of Cambridge and Prince Harry on royal barge

7. Pull out of royal barge sailing down River Thames during Diamond Jubilee celebrations

AP Television

London, UK - 11 June, 2016

8. Mid of Queen Elizabeth II in carriage during the Trooping of the Colour for her 90th birthday celebrations

9. Wide of Guardsmen in ceremonial marching during the celebrations

AP Television

London, UK - 1960s

++BLACK AND WHITE FOOTAGE / MUTE++

++4:3++

10. Close tilt down of man putting shirt in carrier bag

11. Wide of man by scooters

UNIVERSAL ARCHIVES

London, UK - 31 October 1963

++BLACK AND WHITE FOOTAGE / MUTE++

++4:3++

12. Various of Beatles getting off plane in London

AP Television

London, UK - 7 June 2016

++16:9++

13. SOUNDBITE (English) Robert Johnston, Fashion Director, GQ Magazine UK

"You also think street scene, you think east London, you think hipsters, you think the most vibrant street fashion possibly in the world."

AP Television

London, UK - 3 July 2012

14. Punk and goth street fashion in Camden

AP Television

London, UK - 16 June, 2016

15. Hipster in Brick Lane cafe

16. Pull focus of street sign reading: (English) "Brick Lane E1"

17. Various of curry houses on Brick Lane

AP Television

Margate, UK - 8 June 2016

18. Various of Margate beach and people relaxing in sunshine

19. SOUNDBITE (English) Iain Aitch, Author:

"Everyone might say a Sunday roast or fish and chips, that's a quintessentially British meal, but then suddenly everyone says it's chicken tikka masala."

20. Various of takeaway fish and chips being served

AP Television

London, United Kingdom, April 30, 1973 (MUTE)

++4:3++

21. Red buses on a London street

AP Television

London, United Kingdom, September 24, 1973 (MUTE)

++4:3++

22. Tilt down of Ford workers walking out of various plants

23. Wide of Ford cars on a train

24. Various men take part in industrial action at Ford plant

AP Television

United Kingdom, February 10, 1974 - no exact location available

++4:3++

25. Various of non functioning coal mines during national coal strike

AP Television

London, United Kingdom, June 3, 1975 (MUTE)

++4:3++

26. Mid of Margaret Thatcher wearing a flags-of-Europe sweater, flanked by women also wearing pro-Europe sweaters

AP Television

Maastricht, Netherlands - 7 June 2016

++16:9++

27. Clocktower of Maastricht town hall with EU, Limburg and Maastricht flags

28. Wide of streets in the town

AP Television

London, UK - 7 July 2016

29. Various of autistic teenager Rens Van Velzen completing other puzzles with black and yellow blocks against the clock

30. Close tilt down of the psychologist on the autism study at Kings College London timing Rens Van Velzen during test

31. Close of Van Velzen

32. SOUNDBITE (English) Professor Declan Murphy lead scientist, EU Aims study on autism, Kings College London:

"Big questions need big populations to come up with the right answers, and we simply cannot deliver the amount of patients for the amount of science from one centre or from one country."

33. Various of Van Velzen being tested in eye tracking unit at Kings College London

AP Television

Southampton, UK - 16 September 2016

34. Wide of Southampton Boat Show 2016, cruise ship in background

35. Tilt down to pontoon, boats and visitors

36. Close of 'Sunseeker' flag

37. Various of Sunseeker 95 Yacht exterior

38. SOUNDBITE (English) Phil Popham, CEO of Sunseeker International:

"We've benefited because of the weakness of the pound, but its all about business confidence."

39. Various of Fairline yacht

40. SOUNDBITE (English) Russell Currie, Managing Director of Fairline Yachts:

"We've had an overnight decrease in the price of our boats in areas such as the European market

41. Zoom out from cruise ship docked near boat show

42. SOUNDBITE (English) Howard Pridding, Chief Executive of British Marine:

"Industry and business need stability and the time it will take to exit from the European Union will be problematic"

AP Television

Mijas, Malaga - October 6, 2016

43. Wide of coastal area of Mijas

44. Pan of typical apartments in the area and people walking by the sea side

45. Various of British pensioners taking Spanish classes in the Parnell School

46. Various of Juan Mayor Carlos Maldonado in his office

47. SOUNDBITE (Spanish) Juan Carlos Maldonado, Mayor of Mijas:

"When the results of the Brexit (referendum) were known, a big uncertainty was created."

48. Various of family walking near beach

49. Pan from people walking up steps from the beach to the owner of Royal Beach cafe talking

50. SOUNDBITE (Spanish) Sergio Morales, co-owner of Royal Beach bar in Mijas:

"Most of our clients here, around 80% of them, are British."

AP Television

London, UK - 1 November 2016

51. Pull focus of bronze Japanese archer

52. Mid of men admiring antique chandelier

53. Art dealer Tanya Baxter showing painting to visitor

54. Close tilt down of painting 'Paper Bride in Waiting' by Zeng Chuanxing (price £120,000/ USD 147,000)

55. Wide of antique clock stand

AP Television

London, UK - 9 November 2016

56. Mid of Tiana Wilson with Santa who is holding a Hatchimal waiting for the toy to hatch

57. Wide of girl playing with toy on chair

58. Mid zoom in to boys playing with Bluetooth Furbys

59. Low mid view of caterpillar going past boys and Furbys

60. SOUNDBITE (English) Frederique Tutt, toy industry analyst, NPD:

"Since the Brexit vote the toy market has been faring really well with an increase of three percent."

AP Television

Lundby, Denmark - 22 November 2016

61. Mid tilt up of Christmas tree plantation

62. Wide of plantation through tops of trees

AP Television

Copenhagen, Denmark - 21 November 2016

63. SOUNDBITE (English) Claus Jerram Christensen, Managing Director of the Danish Christmas Tree Association:

"The low exchange rate for the sterling pound makes it more difficult to achieve the same prices."

64. Mid of large container truck filled with trees pulling out of yard stacked with trees

65. Pan across field of Christmas tree saplings for 2018 and beyond

WORLD BREXIT REVIEW

SOURCE: AP HORIZONS, LIFESTYLE, HEALTH AND TECHNOLOGY / POOL

RESTRICTIONS: HORIZONS CLIENTS AND AP LIFESTYLE, HEALTH AND TECHNOLOGY CLIENTS ONLY

LENGTH: 6.44

SHOTLIST:

AP Television

London, UK - 22 February 2016

1. Wide of UK Houses of Parliament as London bus passes

2. Close of clock face at the top of Elizabeth Tower, which houses Big Ben

AP Television

London, UK - 16 June 2016

3. Wide of Big Ben as seen from Buckingham Palace

4. Wide of Buckingham Palace

POOL

London, UK - 3 June 2012

5. Queen Elizabeth II with Prince Philip (centre), Charles (left) and Camilla (right) on royal barge during Diamond Jubilee celebrations

6. Mid of Duke and Duchess of Cambridge and Prince Harry on royal barge

7. Pull out of royal barge sailing down River Thames during Diamond Jubilee celebrations

AP Television

London, UK - 11 June, 2016

8. Mid of Queen Elizabeth II in carriage during the Trooping of the Colour for her 90th birthday celebrations

9. Wide of Guardsmen in ceremonial marching during the celebrations

AP Television

London, UK - 1960s

++BLACK AND WHITE FOOTAGE / MUTE++

++4:3++

10. Close tilt down of man putting shirt in carrier bag

11. Wide of man by scooters

UNIVERSAL ARCHIVES

London, UK - 31 October 1963

++BLACK AND WHITE FOOTAGE / MUTE++

++4:3++

12. Various of Beatles getting off plane in London

AP Television

London, UK - 7 June 2016

++16:9++

13. SOUNDBITE (English) Robert Johnston, Fashion Director, GQ Magazine UK

"You also think street scene, you think east London, you think hipsters, you think the most vibrant street fashion possibly in the world."

AP Television

London, UK - 3 July 2012

14. Punk and goth street fashion in Camden

AP Television

London, UK - 16 June, 2016

15. Hipster in Brick Lane cafe

16. Pull focus of street sign reading: (English) "Brick Lane E1"

17. Various of curry houses on Brick Lane

AP Television

Margate, UK - 8 June 2016

18. Various of Margate beach and people relaxing in sunshine

19. SOUNDBITE (English) Iain Aitch, Author:

"Everyone might say a Sunday roast or fish and chips, that's a quintessentially British meal, but then suddenly everyone says it's chicken tikka masala."

20. Various of takeaway fish and chips being served

AP Television

London, United Kingdom, April 30, 1973 (MUTE)

++4:3++

21. Red buses on a London street

AP Television

London, United Kingdom, September 24, 1973 (MUTE)

++4:3++

22. Tilt down of Ford workers walking out of various plants

23. Wide of Ford cars on a train

24. Various men take part in industrial action at Ford plant

AP Television

United Kingdom, February 10, 1974 - no exact location available

++4:3++

25. Various of non functioning coal mines during national coal strike

AP Television

London, United Kingdom, June 3, 1975 (MUTE)

++4:3++

26. Mid of Margaret Thatcher wearing a flags-of-Europe sweater, flanked by women also wearing pro-Europe sweaters

AP Television

Maastricht, Netherlands - 7 June 2016

++16:9++

27. Clocktower of Maastricht town hall with EU, Limburg and Maastricht flags

28. Wide of streets in the town

AP Television

London, UK - 7 July 2016

29. Various of autistic teenager Rens Van Velzen completing other puzzles with black and yellow blocks against the clock

30. Close tilt down of the psychologist on the autism study at Kings College London timing Rens Van Velzen during test

31. Close of Van Velzen

32. SOUNDBITE (English) Professor Declan Murphy lead scientist, EU Aims study on autism, Kings College London:

"Big questions need big populations to come up with the right answers, and we simply cannot deliver the amount of patients for the amount of science from one centre or from one country."

33. Various of Van Velzen being tested in eye tracking unit at Kings College London

AP Television

Southampton, UK - 16 September 2016

34. Wide of Southampton Boat Show 2016, cruise ship in background

35. Tilt down to pontoon, boats and visitors

36. Close of 'Sunseeker' flag

37. Various of Sunseeker 95 Yacht exterior

38. SOUNDBITE (English) Phil Popham, CEO of Sunseeker International:

"We've benefited because of the weakness of the pound, but its all about business confidence."

39. Various of Fairline yacht

40. SOUNDBITE (English) Russell Currie, Managing Director of Fairline Yachts:

"We've had an overnight decrease in the price of our boats in areas such as the European market

41. Zoom out from cruise ship docked near boat show

42. SOUNDBITE (English) Howard Pridding, Chief Executive of British Marine:

"Industry and business need stability and the time it will take to exit from the European Union will be problematic"

AP Television

Mijas, Malaga - October 6, 2016

43. Wide of coastal area of Mijas

44. Pan of typical apartments in the area and people walking by the sea side

45. Various of British pensioners taking Spanish classes in the Parnell School

46. Various of Juan Mayor Carlos Maldonado in his office

47. SOUNDBITE (Spanish) Juan Carlos Maldonado, Mayor of Mijas:

"When the results of the Brexit (referendum) were known, a big uncertainty was created."

48. Various of family walking near beach

49. Pan from people walking up steps from the beach to the owner of Royal Beach cafe talking

50. SOUNDBITE (Spanish) Sergio Morales, co-owner of Royal Beach bar in Mijas:

"Most of our clients here, around 80% of them, are British."

AP Television

London, UK - 1 November 2016

51. Pull focus of bronze Japanese archer

52. Mid of men admiring antique chandelier

53. Art dealer Tanya Baxter showing painting to visitor

54. Close tilt down of painting 'Paper Bride in Waiting' by Zeng Chuanxing (price £120,000/ USD 147,000)

55. Wide of antique clock stand

AP Television

London, UK - 9 November 2016

56. Mid of Tiana Wilson with Santa who is holding a Hatchimal waiting for the toy to hatch

57. Wide of girl playing with toy on chair

58. Mid zoom in to boys playing with Bluetooth Furbys

59. Low mid view of caterpillar going past boys and Furbys

60. SOUNDBITE (English) Frederique Tutt, toy industry analyst, NPD:

"Since the Brexit vote the toy market has been faring really well with an increase of three percent."

AP Television

Lundby, Denmark - 22 November 2016

61. Mid tilt up of Christmas tree plantation

62. Wide of plantation through tops of trees

AP Television

Copenhagen, Denmark - 21 November 2016

63. SOUNDBITE (English) Claus Jerram Christensen, Managing Director of the Danish Christmas Tree Association:

"The low exchange rate for the sterling pound makes it more difficult to achieve the same prices."

64. Mid of large container truck filled with trees pulling out of yard stacked with trees

65. Pan across field of Christmas tree saplings for 2018 and beyond

LEADIN:

For decades Britain's discontent over its European Union (EU) membership has simmered on, but then came the June referendum.

Nationalism surfaced and Britain's voted to leave the EU.

Brexit as it became known sent shockwaves through money markets and governments around the world.

STORYLINE:

In the weeks running up to referendum judgement day, the British were busy with a little soul searching.

Mulling over their shared history, the country's pride in their democracy and heritage.

It was a year when Queen Elizabeth celebrated being the longest reigning UK monarch and the country celebrated her ninetieth birthday.

The pomp and ceremony from her recent jubilee were still a source of pride and were reminiscent of the heydays when London style was considered to be world leading.

In the 1960's British fashion and British pop were riding high.

That sense of being at the vanguard of style has continued, according to Robert Johnston the Fashion Director of GQ Magazine: "You also think street scene, you think east London, you think hipsters, you think the most vibrant street fashion possibly in the world."

Author Iain Aitch explained how a variety of heritages were now mixed up, making Britishness a more complex idea to communicate: "Everyone might say a Sunday roast or fish and chips, that's a quintessentially British meal, but then suddenly everyone says it's chicken tikka masala."

But it wasn't this hipster, Brick Lane art and curry house side of Britain that won the vote.

The referendum on June 23rd was to signal the start of a long debate.

Britons for the first time had to absorb what being outside of the EU looked like.

Britain joined what was then called the European Economic Community in January 1973.

This was ratified by a referendum in 1975 with a resounding 67% majority.

By the seventies, Britain was beset by strikes and disgruntled union workers.

Traditional industries such as manufacturing and coal were in decline in the mid seventies.

Unemployment exceeded one million for the first time in March 1975. By the August that figure had increased to 1.25 million.

Some 83,000 immigrants were living in the UK by 1975, mostly from the Commonwealth.

According to Migration Watch UK for the year ending December 2015, net migration to the UK was 333,000.

And the lady had yet to turn. Margaret Thatcher MP (then leader of the opposition) campaigned to stay in the European Economic Community.

Later as prime minister between 1979 and 1990, Thatcher was known for her tough line with Brussels, especially during negotiations for the Maastrict Treaty in 1992.

The city of Maastrict is the home of the treaty which created the EU.

As summer arrived, businesses, leading universities and research establishments were beginning to assess the impact of Brexit.

For science and medicine, concerns were two fold.

Britain had attracted thousands of top researchers as well as billions of Euros in grants.

They went into research like this at Kings College London.

This project is a multidisciplinary look at the potential causes and effects of autism. It's a long term project which is linked to other studies across Europe.

Doctors and scientists aren't worried about losing cash in the short term, but falling behind in the knowledge race in the long term, especially as Britain has sought to place itself as a central base for the new industrial technologies.

The other fear is losing the brains which have been drawn to British research, people who now fear they will need to move to other institutions to keep up with the cash and the research.

Lead scientist at King's College Professor Declan Murphy warned: "Big questions need big populations to come up with the right answers, and we simply cannot deliver the amount of patients for the amount of science from one centre from one country."

The EU's Horizon 2020 budget is 80-billion Euro which funds medicine and science research across Europe.

Britain's split from the EU will leave a funding gap as well as a brain drain, according to Murphy. He argues it will be the children with autism like Van Velzen who will lose out.

As an island nation, boat building and sales have been important to the UK.

The industry fears rough waters may be ahead for Britain's luxury yacht industry, but right now it's riding on a wave caused by the plunge in the pound's value.

Phil Popham, the CEO of Sunseeker International was cautious: "We've benefited because of the weakness of the pound, but its all about business confidence."

Others like Russell Currie, the Managing Director of Fairline Yachts, says he already had cause to worry: "We've had an overnight decrease in the price of our boats in areas such as the European market."

British Marine's chief executive Howard Pridding tried to show more confidence in the course ahead: "Obviously, industry and business need stability and the time it will take to exit from the European Union will be problematic."

An estimated 1.2 million Britons live in other EU countries, mostly France, Portugal and Spain according to Britain's House of Commons library.

But that's a conservative figure because many expats don't bother registering with their embassies or the local authorities.

At Mijas on Spain's Costa del Sol, many Brits don't want to return to Blighty.

Used to the sun, sea and cafe society, some British residents are so concerned that their lives on the Costas are threatened, that after many years they're finally learning to speak Spanish.

According to Mijas' Mayor Juan Carlos Maldonado: "When the results of the Brexit (referendum) were known, a big uncertainty was created."

Local traders are also keen to keep the British on the Costa.

Many are retired and spend their pensions here.

Bar owner Sergio Morales says: "Most of our clients here, around 80% of them, are British."

A cloud of uncertainty still hangs over British expats in Spain and elsewhere in Europe.

And it's possible a string of similar nationality schools for expats may spring up.

Not everyone was bemoaning the onset of Brexit.

The art and antique market experienced a mini boom according to London dealers at this winter fair.

The weak pound against the dollar and Euro has seen American collectors in particular start to snap up bargains with savings of beween 25 and 30 per cent compared with six months ago.

Art dealers are reporting a similar trend.

They say investors see the arts market as a safe refuge in uncertain times.

As Christmas approaches the toy industry is bracing itself and Santa is wondering whether he'll have much to be jolly about.

It's the time of year when manufacturers and retailers count on making their biggest cash bonus of the year.

According to industry analyst Frederique Tutt: "Since the Brexit vote the toy market has been faring really well with an increase of three percent."

That's because toy retailers buy stock almost a year in advance and can keep prices stable, but the toy dealers here admit next year the stockings left out for Father Chrismas may have shrunk considerably.

There's nothing as Christmassy as a Christmas tree, but in Denmark the outlook for tree producers isn't quite so evergreen.

According to the Danish Christmas Tree Association, the small Scandinavian country grows around 11.5 million trees a year.

About 9.5 million of those are exported.

But these are challenging times and currency fluctuations are having an effect on trade.

Speaking about his members, Claus Jerram Christensen of the Danish Christmas Tree Association says: "They have experienced that the low exchange rate for the sterling pound makes it more difficult to achieve the same prices."

The true impact of Brexit on Britain and Europe as a whole is still to an extent unknown.

The UK government had announced it was to trigger Article 50 next March to start negotiations to leave EU.

But since then, Brexit has twice been contested in the High Court.

One ruling has already stated Britain's law makers should be allowed a vote in Parliament beforehand.

Breaking up, it seems, really is hard to do.

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A number of businesses in Britain have expressed their disappointment concerning Brexit and are taking a "wait-and-see" attitude towards the forthcoming negotiations.

Thousands of people took to street on Saturday in London and other places across Britain to protest the voters' decision to leave the European Union. The demonstrations won universal support among the business sector.

"I totally understand their feelings, I understand why they feel unhappy and insecure, but I think that they're trying to register the protests for their unhappy situation by voting against the EU, they've made profound mistake. I think that they have fallen for a lot of propaganda which is based on racism and xenophobia. This is not only wrong in principle, but it is wrong in terms of the 21st century where we live," said Keith Bennett, deputy chairman with Global Group International Holdings Ltd.

More than 30 million people voted in the Brexit referendum, a 75 percent turnout. The share of votes for Brexit was only four percent higher than the opposing side, meaning the Brexit decision was voted in by just over 800,000 people.

The Chairman of the 48 Group Club says that some voters might not have done enough research before the referendum, which he believes should have been basing upon the interests of the country.

"Before you take risks, you assess them, you do a lot of research and we've made a jump into the dark without properly - if I thought we could do better as a county being outside of Europe, I would support it, it is not emotional attachment to a building or flag, it is about believing in the best interests of British, lie in being members of the European Union. But I think there will be another vote in some form," said Stephen Perry, chairman of the 48 Group Club.

The Brexit has taken its toll on the stock and foreign currency markets in Britain during over the past ten days. Two major banks in London - the Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation and Barclays Bank have made it clear that they won't transfer their main sources of business out of Britain so as to help maintain London's position as the world's financial center. Some multinational corporations have also decided to wait and see what conclusion the upcoming negotiations will reach before making business adjustments.

"We might have to move, say, bits of our anti-trust practice from London to Brussels perhaps, but we'll wait and see. And I think most of the clients, particularly the financial institutions, are just waiting to see how we get through the next two months, and how these negotiations start looking with our European partners," said Robert Elliott, Chairman and senior partner with Linklaters LLP.

A number of businesses in Britain have expressed their disappointment concerning Brexit and are taking a "wait-and-see" attitude towards the forthcoming negotiations.

Thousands of people took to street on Saturday in London and other places across Britain to protest the voters' decision to leave the European Union. The demonstrations won universal support among the business sector.

"I totally understand their feelings, I understand why they feel unhappy and insecure, but I think that they're trying to register the protests for their unhappy situation by voting against the EU, they've made profound mistake. I think that they have fallen for a lot of propaganda which is based on racism and xenophobia. This is not only wrong in principle, but it is wrong in terms of the 21st century where we live," said Keith Bennett, deputy chairman with Global Group International Holdings Ltd.

More than 30 million people voted in the Brexit referendum, a 75 percent turnout. The share of votes for Brexit was only four percent higher than the opposing side, meaning the Brexit decision was voted in by just over 800,000 people.

The Chairman of the 48 Group Club says that some voters might not have done enough research before the referendum, which he believes should have been basing upon the interests of the country.

"Before you take risks, you assess them, you do a lot of research and we've made a jump into the dark without properly - if I thought we could do better as a county being outside of Europe, I would support it, it is not emotional attachment to a building or flag, it is about believing in the best interests of British, lie in being members of the European Union. But I think there will be another vote in some form," said Stephen Perry, chairman of the 48 Group Club.

The Brexit has taken its toll on the stock and foreign currency markets in Britain during over the past ten days. Two major banks in London - the Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation and Barclays Bank have made it clear that they won't transfer their main sources of business out of Britain so as to help maintain London's position as the world's financial center. Some multinational corporations have also decided to wait and see what conclusion the upcoming negotiations will reach before making business adjustments.

"We might have to move, say, bits of our anti-trust practice from London to Brussels perhaps, but we'll wait and see. And I think most of the clients, particularly the financial institutions, are just waiting to see how we get through the next two months, and how these negotiations start looking with our European partners," said Robert Elliott, Chairman and senior partner with Linklaters LLP.

London, UK - Recent

1. Palace of Westminster

2. Ship in river

3. SOUNDBITE (English) Keith Bennett, Deputy Chairman, Global Group International Holdings Ltd:

"I totally understand their feelings, I understand why they feel unhappy and insecure, but I think that they're trying to register the protests for their unhappy situation by voting against the EU, they've made profound mistake. I think that they have fallen for a lot of propaganda which is based on racism and xenophobia. This is not only wrong in principle, but it is wrong in terms of the 21st century where we live."

4. Varioius of ferris wheel

5. SOUNDBITE (English) Stephen Perry, chairman, 48 Group Club (ending with shot 6):

"Before you take risks, you assess them, you do a lot of research and we've made a jump into the dark without properly - if I thought we could do better as a county being outside of Europe, I would support it, it is not emotional attachment to a building or flag, it is about believing in the best interests of British, lie in being members of the European Union. But I think there will be another vote in some form."

6. Various of stock information

7. SOUNDBITE (English) Robert Elliott, Chairman and senior partner, Linklaters LLP:

"We might have to move, say, bits of our anti-trust practice from London to Brussels perhaps, but we'll wait and see. And I think most of the clients, particularly the financial institutions, are just waiting to see how we get through the next two months, and how these negotiations start looking with our European partners."

8. Buildings, pedestrians, traffic

FOR CLEAN VERSION SEE STORY NUMBER: 4043819

LEAD IN:

For years, Berlin and London have competed to be the 'Silicon Valley of Europe', the place where start-ups and tech companies base their operations.

After Britain's historic vote to leave the European Union, many in Berlin now feel the German capital has a clear advantage.

STORY-LINE:

It's called 'Silicon Alley'.

Thousands of start-ups are formed in Berlin each year. As many as one every 20 minutes according to 'Start-up Berlin' - an organisation which tracks new companies in the German capital.

The only other European city that could compete with Berlin for the title of the 'Silicon Valley of Europe' is London.

Following Britain's recent vote to leave the European Union, politicians and business leaders in Berlin are now sensing they have a chance to pull ahead in the race.

When Berlin's economy minister, Cornelia Yzer woke to news of the result of Britain's EU referendum, her initial reaction was disappointment.

But then she reached for her phone and stepped up her efforts to lure companies from Britain to the German capital.

"As regrettable as I find the British decision, it's also clear that this could create chances for Berlin that I, as the minister for economy of this country, should use," she says.

Yzer (pron. EE-ser) isn't the only official on the continent hoping for a Brexit bonanza.

Britain's referendum to leave the 28-nation bloc has already seen a frenzy of bids from cities such as Frankfurt, Paris and Amsterdam to succeed London as Europe's financial capital.

Berlin stands little chance of competing for a piece of the lucrative banking pie.

But Yzer believes multinational companies, from airlines to pharmaceutical firms, will see the advantage of basing their European headquarters in the capital of the EU's biggest economy.

"The decision (to leave the EU), which I regret, was taken by Britain," she says.

"So there can't be any surprise that those who see themselves firmly anchored inside the European Union, and that's the case for Germany and its capital Berlin, now want to make sure that they're a home for businesses that say 'we need to be in.'"

Berlin's image as a relaxed and relatively affordable city may convince some tech companies to relocate to Berlin, which is already home to audio-sharing platform SoundCloud and online retailer Zalando.

6Wunderkinder, makers of the 'Wunderlist' app, was formed and based in Berlin before being sold to Microsoft last year.

Yzer says she's already in contact with several tech companies based in London.

"Of course I'm speaking to companies that have their European headquarters in London about whether they should move their European headquarters to Berlin in the future," she says.

One of the key benefits that Berlin's business ambassadors will likely tout is access to the EU's single market that ensures the free movement of labour and capital.

"The prevailing feeling here in Berlin is that with the Brexit London has more or less taken itself out of the race," says Lukas Kampfmann, co-founder of Factory Berlin, a company that rents space to tech firms.

"And we do believe that over time the advantage of Berlin will grow and more tech start-ups will come to Berlin, will be founded here and will succeed here in comparison to London."

London and Brussels are likely to spend years haggling over trade tariffs and labour permits, creating uncertainty for UK companies wanting to do business on the other side of the channel.

"Once the Brexit has been done it's not going to get easier for London-based companies to do business in the world, but probably harder," says Kampfmann.

But, convincing companies to move to the continent may not be so easy.

Those who know Berlin have questioned whether it can match the cosmopolitan and dynamic atmosphere of London.

The city's new airport is years behind schedule, English isn't universally spoken and bureaucracy can be cumbersome.

"We have a situation that Great Britain will leave Europe. Will that necessarily mean that start-ups will come to Berlin? I don't think so," says Artur Fischer, co-CEO of the Berlin Stock Exchange.

"Because, at the moment a start-up doesn't necessarily need to enjoy all the advantages of the EU. It enjoys a local advantage. And at some stage it might need funding. But the funding process in today's world works through crowd-funding, it works through private equity. And that is available in London, it won't go away so swiftly."

Even if companies don't move straight away, people working in those London companies may move quicker.

Wooga, a games development company based in Berlin, already has 19 British staff members, out of a total of around 300.

Steven Gilmore is the head of human resources at the company and is also British.

He says he expects an increase in applications from London-based coders and designers.

"I personally would think that if you want to move from the UK, if you want to move to another European city, Berlin would be top of the list there," he says.

"You're looking for cities that have predominantly English-speaking, have support and help you when you kind of initially move. And Berlin is totally set up for people to move from all over Europe."

FOR CLEAN VERSION SEE STORY NUMBER: 4043819

LEAD IN:

For years, Berlin and London have competed to be the 'Silicon Valley of Europe', the place where start-ups and tech companies base their operations.

After Britain's historic vote to leave the European Union, many in Berlin now feel the German capital has a clear advantage.

STORY-LINE:

It's called 'Silicon Alley'.

Thousands of start-ups are formed in Berlin each year. As many as one every 20 minutes according to 'Start-up Berlin' - an organisation which tracks new companies in the German capital.

The only other European city that could compete with Berlin for the title of the 'Silicon Valley of Europe' is London.

Following Britain's recent vote to leave the European Union, politicians and business leaders in Berlin are now sensing they have a chance to pull ahead in the race.

When Berlin's economy minister, Cornelia Yzer woke to news of the result of Britain's EU referendum, her initial reaction was disappointment.

But then she reached for her phone and stepped up her efforts to lure companies from Britain to the German capital.

"As regrettable as I find the British decision, it's also clear that this could create chances for Berlin that I, as the minister for economy of this country, should use," she says.

Yzer (pron. EE-ser) isn't the only official on the continent hoping for a Brexit bonanza.

Britain's referendum to leave the 28-nation bloc has already seen a frenzy of bids from cities such as Frankfurt, Paris and Amsterdam to succeed London as Europe's financial capital.

Berlin stands little chance of competing for a piece of the lucrative banking pie.

But Yzer believes multinational companies, from airlines to pharmaceutical firms, will see the advantage of basing their European headquarters in the capital of the EU's biggest economy.

"The decision (to leave the EU), which I regret, was taken by Britain," she says.

"So there can't be any surprise that those who see themselves firmly anchored inside the European Union, and that's the case for Germany and its capital Berlin, now want to make sure that they're a home for businesses that say 'we need to be in.'"

Berlin's image as a relaxed and relatively affordable city may convince some tech companies to relocate to Berlin, which is already home to audio-sharing platform SoundCloud and online retailer Zalando.

6Wunderkinder, makers of the 'Wunderlist' app, was formed and based in Berlin before being sold to Microsoft last year.

Yzer says she's already in contact with several tech companies based in London.

"Of course I'm speaking to companies that have their European headquarters in London about whether they should move their European headquarters to Berlin in the future," she says.

One of the key benefits that Berlin's business ambassadors will likely tout is access to the EU's single market that ensures the free movement of labour and capital.

"The prevailing feeling here in Berlin is that with the Brexit London has more or less taken itself out of the race," says Lukas Kampfmann, co-founder of Factory Berlin, a company that rents space to tech firms.

"And we do believe that over time the advantage of Berlin will grow and more tech start-ups will come to Berlin, will be founded here and will succeed here in comparison to London."

London and Brussels are likely to spend years haggling over trade tariffs and labour permits, creating uncertainty for UK companies wanting to do business on the other side of the channel.

"Once the Brexit has been done it's not going to get easier for London-based companies to do business in the world, but probably harder," says Kampfmann.

But, convincing companies to move to the continent may not be so easy.

Those who know Berlin have questioned whether it can match the cosmopolitan and dynamic atmosphere of London.

The city's new airport is years behind schedule, English isn't universally spoken and bureaucracy can be cumbersome.

"We have a situation that Great Britain will leave Europe. Will that necessarily mean that start-ups will come to Berlin? I don't think so," says Artur Fischer, co-CEO of the Berlin Stock Exchange.

"Because, at the moment a start-up doesn't necessarily need to enjoy all the advantages of the EU. It enjoys a local advantage. And at some stage it might need funding. But the funding process in today's world works through crowd-funding, it works through private equity. And that is available in London, it won't go away so swiftly."

Even if companies don't move straight away, people working in those London companies may move quicker.

Wooga, a games development company based in Berlin, already has 19 British staff members, out of a total of around 300.

Steven Gilmore is the head of human resources at the company and is also British.

He says he expects an increase in applications from London-based coders and designers.

"I personally would think that if you want to move from the UK, if you want to move to another European city, Berlin would be top of the list there," he says.

"You're looking for cities that have predominantly English-speaking, have support and help you when you kind of initially move. And Berlin is totally set up for people to move from all over Europe."

Berlin, Germany - 4 July 2016

1. Wide of people working in 'community space' in start-up hub 'The Factory' in central Berlin

2. Various close shots of people working in community space' in start-up hub 'The Factory' in central Berlin

3. Pan of space

4. Pull focus of people working

5. Various of people working in community space' in start-up hub 'The Factory' in central Berlin

6. Wide of Berlin skyline

7. Setup shot of Cornelia Yzer, Berlin's economy minister, seated at desk in office, opening folder

8. Close of Yzer

9. Close of Yzer writing

10. SOUNDBITE (German) Cornelia Yzer, Berlin State Economy Minister:

"As regrettable as I find the British decision, it's also clear that this could create chances for Berlin that I, as the minister for economy of this country, should use."

11. Wide high shot of Berlin street

12. Long shot of people on street

13. Mid of 'Rosenthaler Platz' sign where many start-ups are based

14. Long shot of people on street

15. SOUNDBITE (German) Cornelia Yzer, Berlin State Economy Minister:

"The decision (to leave the EU), which I regret, was taken by Britain. So there can't be any surprise that those who see themselves firmly anchored inside the European Union, and that's the case for Germany and its capital Berlin, now want to make sure that they're a home for businesses that say 'we need to be in.'"

16. Tilt up with Berlin wall memorial in foreground and 'The Factory' start-up hub in background

17. Wide of Berlin wall memorial in foreground and 'The Factory' start-up hub in background

18. Mid of 'Factory' sign

19. Various of people working in the 'community space' in start-up hub 'The Factory' in central Berlin

20. Close of 'Soundcloud' logo, a Berlin-based company based in the Factory

21. Pull focus of 'Soundcloud' url on computer screen

22. Pull in of smartphone with 'Wunderlist' application, made by 6Wunderkinder, a Berlin start-up that was sold to Microsoft in 2015

23. SOUNDBITE (German) Cornelia Yzer, Berlin State Economy Minister:

"Of course I'm speaking to companies that have their European headquarters in London about whether they should move their European headquarters to Berlin in the future."

24. Wide of start-up hub 'The Factory' exterior

25. Mid of 'Factory' sign

26. Various of Lukas Kampfmann, Co-Founder of Factory Berlin, speaking to colleague

27. SOUNDBITE (English) Lukas Kampfmann, Co-Founder of Factory Berlin:

"I absolutely believe it's an opportunity, not necessarily one that we wanted because we've been competing with London for quite a couple of years. But now the prevailing feeling here in Berlin is that with the Brexit London has more or less taken itself out of the race. And we do believe that over time the advantage of Berlin will grow and more tech start-ups will come to Berlin, will be founded here and will succeed here in comparison to London."

28. Various close shots of window with notes in the Factory office

29. SOUNDBITE (English) Lukas Kampfmann, Co-Founder of Factory Berlin:

"First of all, obviously right now what you have is a lengthy period of uncertainty. And uncertainty is never good for business. Until that is resolved there will be questions about how things will end up. And then obviously most everyone agrees that once the Brexit has been done it's not going to get easier for London-based companies to do business in the world, but probably harder."

30. Wide tilt to office of Wooga, a Berlin-based games company

31. Various of people working in Wooga office

32. Close of sign reading 'Player Experience'

33. Setup shot of Artur Fischer, Co-CEO of the Berlin Stock Exchange, at desk

34. Close of Fischer

35. Close of hands on keyboard

36. SOUNDBITE (English) Artur Fischer, Co-CEO of the Berlin Stock Exchange:

"So now, we have a situation that Great Britain will leave Europe. Will that necessarily mean that start-ups will come to Berlin? I don't think so. Because, at the moment a start-up doesn't necessarily need to enjoy all the advantages of the EU. It enjoys a local advantage. And at some stage it might need funding. But the funding process in today's world works through crowd-funding, it works through private equity. And that is available in London, it won't go away so swiftly."

37. Setup shot of Steven Gilmore, Head of HR at Wooga, speaking to colleague

38. Close of Gilmore

39. Wide of Gilmore and colleague

40. SOUNDBITE (English) Steven Gilmore, Head of HR at Wooga:

"I personally would think that if you want to move from the UK, if you want to move to another European city, Berlin would be top of the list there. You're looking for cities that have predominantly English-speaking, have support and help you when you kind of initially move. And Berlin is totally set up for people to move from all over Europe."

41. Wide of Berlin skyline