The community of Beaucaire, a town in the south of France, was divided on Thursday about its far-right mayor's decision to name one of the town's streets 'Brexit Street.'

Mayor Julien Sanchez explained that he thinks "the British wrote history in 2016 with Brexit, and we wanted to pay them homage through this street's name."

The future 'Brexit Street' is a circular road that provides access to the community garbage centre.

It lies on the outskirts of the town of 16-thousand, in an industrial zone.

It departs and ends in Robert Schuman Street, the name of one the founders of the European Union.

Beaucaire - 29 December 2016

1. Tilt up Brexit Street

2. Garbage truck on Brexit Street

3. Beaucaire garbage centre on Brexit Street

4. Close of panel (French) 'Beaucaire community - Terre d'Argence' (name of the community)

5. Garbage centre on Brexit Street

6. Beaucaire Town Hall and market

7. French flags

8. Various of Beaucaire Mayor Julien Sanchez at his desk

9. Sanchez pointing where Brexit Street is on a map

10. SOUNDBITE (French) Julien Sanchez, Mayor of Beaucaire:

"It's a homage to actuality and to history. History is not only 15-hundred or 16-hundred years it's written daily. I think the British wrote history in 2016 with Brexit, and we wanted to pay them homage through this street's name."

11. Sanchez talking to his chief of staff

12. SOUNDBITE (French) Julien Sanchez, Mayor of Beaucaire:

"We hope for a lot from the next elections. Marine Le Pen (President of the National Front) very clearly said she wishes to renegotiate the place of France in the European Union, renegotiate and find our sovereignty back in the migration field, and also the economy."

13. Various market

14. SOUNDBITE (French) Vox pop, Fabienne (no last name given), Tarascon resident (neighbouring town to Beaucaire):

"This is a very good choice... To think that the English made a good decision, and I think he (Sanchez) is right to stand behind them."

15. Market stalls

16. SOUNDBITE (French) Rabah Ouahrani, Former town hall councillor:

"What's the point? Is this to encourage French people to do 'Frexit'? I don't think so. France is France. UK is the UK. They could have named the street Elizabeth II, why not? But Brexit? This is nonsense, truly."

17. Market

18. SOUNDBITE (French) Vox pop, Michel Adami, singer:

"There are famous names in Provence (region), no need to use English names... Let's stay... At home. The English want to stay home... We should start to stay home too, with real French names."

19 Various of Beaucaire

FOR CLEAN VERSION SEE STORY NUMBER: 4060423

LEAD IN:

Brexit has cast uncertainty over the future of thousands of British residents living in Spain's Costa del Sol.

EU leaders are due soon to begin unprecedented - and knotty - negotiations on how to extricate the UK from the bloc.

Some Britons living in Spain are considering changing nationality and brushing up on their Spanish language skills.

STORY-LINE:

A cloud of uncertainty hangs over British expats in Spain.

Nobody is saying what the rights of Britons living in the EU might be in a future outside the bloc. Many are worried about losing entitlements in Spain, which is part of the EU.

A dozen students, most of them British pensioners who have been living in the "Costa del Sol" for decades, have joined a new Spanish Nationality Course at the Parnell Academy in Mijas.

They're learning the basics of the language, as well as some local history and culture, to prepare for two exams that must be taken ahead of being granted Spanish Nationality.

"I really have no intention of going back to the UK", says Lesley Lawrence, one of the students, who has been living in Spain for around 20 years.

"It's possible that I will change my nationality because of the Brexit vote", she adds. "It depends how things go after they trigger article 50, because until then we don't know how it's going to affect us."

Another student Philip Hubner has owned a house in Spain for 17 years and moved to Mijas full time two years ago. He is now keen to mingle more with the local Spaniards.

"I'm going to make a determined effort to learn the language to integrate with the local people here in Spain. I know a few words, I know how to buy...get a beer, "cerveza", …, "la cuenta por favor", could I have the bill?"

The owner of the school, Richard Parnell, is familiar with both countries. He was born in Britain and has lived in Spain since he was 5 years old.

After the Brexit result he started the course to help his fellow Brits living in Spain to cope with the long term implications.

"I saw the fallout of the vote to leave and I knew that myself, as a foreigner living in Spain, I would have certain problems and I knew that there would be other people. I was thinking of opening an academy anyway, well, why not make a course that would make these people who need to learn Spanish and maybe help them get the Spanish nationality," he explains.

The value of the British currency is another major concern. Many retired expats, live on a U.K. pension that is sent in pounds and pensioners must exchange that income to the Euro, which is used in Spain.

The pound has lost almost a fifth of its value since June 23.

Shortly after the Brexit vote, Anne Hernandez, a decades-long British resident in Mijas, co-founded the 'Brexpats in Spain' association, to try to address those fears.

"Having met people come to us asking for help, we've identified a list of priorities and obviously everybody's individual, but there are general priorities, being for example: health care, pensions, finance and banking, education, and nationality," she says.

The association currently has 2,800 members and has expanded outside the borders of Mijas to other towns along the coast.

The local mayor's office estimates that there are 11,000 British residents in Mijas, out of a total population of 80,000, so the mayor takes a strong interest in their concerns.

"We in the town hall have offered the association that has been created, the Brexpat association which intends to unite all these British people who feel helpless, defenceless or disoriented, all the help that we can provide from Mijas, with the goal of extending (movement) along the "Costa del Sol". Around 65,000 British live in the province of Malaga, so it's a significant part of the population," explains Juan Carlos Maldonado, the mayor of Mijas.

"When the results of the Brexit (referendum) were known, a big uncertainty was created. We're talking about the (local) economy, because it's tourism, residential tourism, and in the local administration this uncertainty creates a concern, because we know how important tourism is for us," he adds.

An estimated 1.2 million Britons live in other EU countries, many of them in France, Spain and Portugal, according to Britain's House of Commons library.

But analysts believe the true number could be at least double that — and maybe a lot more, because many don't bother registering with their embassies or the local authorities.

Mijas, Malaga - October 6, 2016

1. Wide of coastal area of Mijas

2. Pan of typical apartments in the area and people walking by the sea side

3. Mid of people having drinks on a terrace

4. Various of British pensioners taking Spanish classes in the Parnell School

5. Set up Lesley Lawrence

6. SOUNDBITE (English) Lesley Lawrence, Student of Spanish Nationality Course:

"It's possible that I will change the nationality because of the Brexit vote. It depends how things go after they trigger article 50, because until then we don't know really how it's going to affect us. But if it does affect me and it's better for me to speak and live in Spain, then I shall stay in Spain, rather than go back to the UK. I really have no intention of going back to the UK."

7. Wide of teacher at whiteboard

8. Close up of Lawerence

9. SOUNDBITE (English) Lesley Lawrence, Student of Spanish Nationality Course:

"I was very disappointed with the vote, to put it mildly. I wasn't allowed to vote because I've been living in Spain too long and I felt that was very unjust. It is an European issue, it's not just an issue in Britain and the effects of Brexit are going to affect those of us who've lived in Spain for a long time. It's already affected me, I'm retired, it's affected my pension."

10. Teacher at the whiteboard

11. Mid of students

12. Close of hand writing

13. SOUNDBITE (English) Philip Hubner, Student of Spanish Nationality Course:

"I'm going to make a determined effort to learn the language to integrate with the local people here in Spain. I know a few words, I know how to buy...get a beer, "cerveza", …, "la cuenta por favor", could I have the bill?"

14. Richard Parnell talking to students

15. SOUNDBITE (English) Richard Parnell, Parnell Academy:

"I saw the fallout of the vote to leave and I knew that myself, as a foreigner living in Spain, I would have certain problems and I knew that there would be other people. I was thinking of opening an academy anyway, well, why not make a course that would help these people who need to learn Spanish and maybe help them get their Spanish nationality".

16. Various of Anne Hernandez sitting at a terrace drinking coffee

17. SOUNDBITE (English) Anne Hernandez, University lecturer and co-founder of 'Brexpats in Spain' association:

"Having met people come to us asking for help, we've identified a list of priorities and obviously everybody's individual, but there are general priorities, being for example: health care, pensions, finance and banking, education, and nationality."

18. Mid of Juan Carlos Maldonado, mayor of Mijas, working in his office

19. SOUNDBITE (Spanish) Juan Carlos Maldonado, Mayor of Mijas:

"We in the town hall have offered the association that has been created, the Brexpat association which intends to unite all these British people who feel helpless, defenceless or disoriented, all the help that we can provide from Mijas, with the goal of extending (movement) along the "Costa del Sol". Around 65,000 British live in the province of Malaga, so it's a significant part of the population".

20. Close of Maldonado

21. SOUNDBITE (Spanish) Juan Carlos Maldonado, Mayor of Mijas:

"When the results of the Brexit (referendum) were known, a big uncertainty was created. We're talking about the (local) economy, because it's tourism, residential tourism, and in the local administration this uncertainty creates a concern, because we know how important tourism is for us".

22. Various of woman on beach

23. Various of Royal Beach bar in a predominantly British residential area of Mijas called Calahonda

24. Pan of beach and the owner of Royal Beach talking

25. SOUNDBITE (Spanish) Sergio Morales, co-owner of Royal Beach bar in Mijas:

"Most of our clients here, around 80% of them, are British. And then a few of everything: Dutch, Germans, Norwegians, Spaniards… a bit of everything, but the most abundant in Calahonda is the British".

26. Various of people at the seaside

27. Wide of the beach

28. Wide of people on the beach

LEAD IN:

Brexit has cast uncertainty over the future of thousands of British residents living in Spain's Costa del Sol.

EU leaders are due soon to begin unprecedented - and knotty - negotiations on how to extricate the UK from the bloc.

Some Britons living in Spain are considering changing nationality and brushing up on their Spanish language skills.

STORY-LINE:

A cloud of uncertainty hangs over British expats in Spain.

Nobody is saying what the rights of Britons living in the EU might be in a future outside the bloc. Many are worried about losing entitlements in Spain, which is part of the EU.

A dozen students, most of them British pensioners who have been living in the "Costa del Sol" for decades, have joined a new Spanish Nationality Course at the Parnell Academy in Mijas.

They're learning the basics of the language, as well as some local history and culture, to prepare for two exams that must be taken ahead of being granted Spanish Nationality.

"I really have no intention of going back to the UK", says Lesley Lawrence, one of the students, who has been living in Spain for around 20 years.

"It's possible that I will change my nationality because of the Brexit vote", she adds. "It depends how things go after they trigger article 50, because until then we don't know how it's going to affect us."

Another student Philip Hubner has owned a house in Spain for 17 years and moved to Mijas full time two years ago. He is now keen to mingle more with the local Spaniards.

"I'm going to make a determined effort to learn the language to integrate with the local people here in Spain. I know a few words, I know how to buy...get a beer, "cerveza", …, "la cuenta por favor", could I have the bill?"

The owner of the school, Richard Parnell, is familiar with both countries. He was born in Britain and has lived in Spain since he was 5 years old.

After the Brexit result he started the course to help his fellow Brits living in Spain to cope with the long term implications.

"I saw the fallout of the vote to leave and I knew that myself, as a foreigner living in Spain, I would have certain problems and I knew that there would be other people. I was thinking of opening an academy anyway, well, why not make a course that would make these people who need to learn Spanish and maybe help them get the Spanish nationality," he explains.

The value of the British currency is another major concern. Many retired expats, live on a U.K. pension that is sent in pounds and pensioners must exchange that income to the Euro, which is used in Spain.

The pound has lost almost a fifth of its value since June 23.

Shortly after the Brexit vote, Anne Hernandez, a decades-long British resident in Mijas, co-founded the 'Brexpats in Spain' association, to try to address those fears.

"Having met people come to us asking for help, we've identified a list of priorities and obviously everybody's individual, but there are general priorities, being for example: health care, pensions, finance and banking, education, and nationality," she says.

The association currently has 2,800 members and has expanded outside the borders of Mijas to other towns along the coast.

The local mayor's office estimates that there are 11,000 British residents in Mijas, out of a total population of 80,000, so the mayor takes a strong interest in their concerns.

"We in the town hall have offered the association that has been created, the Brexpat association which intends to unite all these British people who feel helpless, defenceless or disoriented, all the help that we can provide from Mijas, with the goal of extending (movement) along the "Costa del Sol". Around 65,000 British live in the province of Malaga, so it's a significant part of the population," explains Juan Carlos Maldonado, the mayor of Mijas.

"When the results of the Brexit (referendum) were known, a big uncertainty was created. We're talking about the (local) economy, because it's tourism, residential tourism, and in the local administration this uncertainty creates a concern, because we know how important tourism is for us," he adds.

An estimated 1.2 million Britons live in other EU countries, many of them in France, Spain and Portugal, according to Britain's House of Commons library.

But analysts believe the true number could be at least double that — and maybe a lot more, because many don't bother registering with their embassies or the local authorities.

Mijas, Malaga - October 6, 2016

1. Wide of coastal area of Mijas

2. Pan of typical apartments in the area and people walking by the sea side

3. Mid of people having drinks on a terrace

4. Various of British pensioners taking Spanish classes in the Parnell School

5. Set up Lesley Lawrence

6. SOUNDBITE (English) Lesley Lawrence, Student of Spanish Nationality Course:

"It's possible that I will change the nationality because of the Brexit vote. It depends how things go after they trigger article 50, because until then we don't know really how it's going to affect us. But if it does affect me and it's better for me to speak and live in Spain, then I shall stay in Spain, rather than go back to the UK. I really have no intention of going back to the UK."

7. Wide of teacher at whiteboard

8. Close up of Lawerence

9. SOUNDBITE (English) Lesley Lawrence, Student of Spanish Nationality Course:

"I was very disappointed with the vote, to put it mildly. I wasn't allowed to vote because I've been living in Spain too long and I felt that was very unjust. It is an European issue, it's not just an issue in Britain and the effects of Brexit are going to affect those of us who've lived in Spain for a long time. It's already affected me, I'm retired, it's affected my pension."

10. Teacher at the whiteboard

11. Mid of students

12. Close of hand writing

13. SOUNDBITE (English) Philip Hubner, Student of Spanish Nationality Course:

"I'm going to make a determined effort to learn the language to integrate with the local people here in Spain. I know a few words, I know how to buy...get a beer, "cerveza", …, "la cuenta por favor", could I have the bill?"

14. Richard Parnell talking to students

15. SOUNDBITE (English) Richard Parnell, Parnell Academy:

"I saw the fallout of the vote to leave and I knew that myself, as a foreigner living in Spain, I would have certain problems and I knew that there would be other people. I was thinking of opening an academy anyway, well, why not make a course that would help these people who need to learn Spanish and maybe help them get their Spanish nationality".

16. Various of Anne Hernandez sitting at a terrace drinking coffee

17. SOUNDBITE (English) Anne Hernandez, University lecturer and co-founder of 'Brexpats in Spain' association:

"Having met people come to us asking for help, we've identified a list of priorities and obviously everybody's individual, but there are general priorities, being for example: health care, pensions, finance and banking, education, and nationality."

18. Mid of Juan Carlos Maldonado, mayor of Mijas, working in his office

19. SOUNDBITE (Spanish) Juan Carlos Maldonado, Mayor of Mijas:

"We in the town hall have offered the association that has been created, the Brexpat association which intends to unite all these British people who feel helpless, defenceless or disoriented, all the help that we can provide from Mijas, with the goal of extending (movement) along the "Costa del Sol". Around 65,000 British live in the province of Malaga, so it's a significant part of the population".

20. Close of Maldonado

21. SOUNDBITE (Spanish) Juan Carlos Maldonado, Mayor of Mijas:

"When the results of the Brexit (referendum) were known, a big uncertainty was created. We're talking about the (local) economy, because it's tourism, residential tourism, and in the local administration this uncertainty creates a concern, because we know how important tourism is for us".

22. Various of woman on beach

23. Various of Royal Beach bar in a predominantly British residential area of Mijas called Calahonda

24. Pan of beach and the owner of Royal Beach talking

25. SOUNDBITE (Spanish) Sergio Morales, co-owner of Royal Beach bar in Mijas:

"Most of our clients here, around 80% of them, are British. And then a few of everything: Dutch, Germans, Norwegians, Spaniards… a bit of everything, but the most abundant in Calahonda is the British".

26. Various of people at the seaside

27. Wide of the beach

28. Wide of people on the beach

Leading "Brexit" campaigner Boris Johnson on Saturday described the battle between those campaigning for Britain to leave the European Union (EU) and those in favour of remaining as a "David and Goliath" fight.

Speaking at a campaign event in Bristol in favour of Britain leaving the EU, Johnson also said that all attempts to reform the 28-member bloc were "hopeless".

The former Mayor of London said that those backing "Brexit" had the "passion and courage and a sense of duty" that their opponents lacked.

Britons will go to the polls on 23 June for an in-out referendum on the country's EU membership.

UK POOL

Bristol - 14 May 2016

1. Boris Johnson, British Member of Parliament for Uxbridge and South Ruislip, and leading campaigner for the Vote Leave campaign (in favour of the United Kingdom leaving the European Union), approaching lectern

2. SOUNDBITE (English) Boris Johnson, British Member of Parliament for Uxbridge and South Ruislip, and leading campaigner for the Vote Leave campaign:

"Day after day, we are being told by people who should know better that we couldn't hack it (could not succeed outside the EU), that we've got to accept that 60 percent of our laws are now coming from Brussels, which is what is happening at the moment. Sixty percent of laws going through the Palace of Westminster coming from Brussels. That we've got to knuckle under and acquiesce to the European Court of Justice deciding that we can't deport murderers or terrorists. That we've got no choice but to be part of the new arrangements to prop up the euro. Because if the negotiations (on the UK's EU membership terms) have proved one thing absolutely clearly it is that this EU has changed out of all recognition from what we signed up for. Those negotiations, those abortive negotiations, have proved that this thing is going in completely the wrong direction and that all our attempts at reform are hopeless unless we vote to leave on June the 23rd."

3. Cutaway

4. SOUNDBITE (English) Boris Johnson, British Member of Parliament for Uxbridge and South Ruislip, and leading campaigner for the Vote Leave campaign:

"And yes, I perfectly accept that this is a David and Goliath fight. This is a struggle of the little platoons against the big battalions. And they have the CBI (Confederation of British Industry) and Goldman Sachs and Peter Mandelson (British Labour party politician, former European trade commissioner) on their side. All the people, all the self-same people who were wrong in the past, by the way. They have them on their side and frankly they're welcome to them as far as I'm concerned. What do we have? What do we have instead? We have passion and courage and a sense of duty – a sense of duty to speak out now, here in Britain, for the hundreds of millions of people across Europe who agree with us, but who currently have no voice. Because this is not just the time to unshackle Britannia (Britain) from her chains, though it certainly is. It's the time to speak up for freedom across the whole continent."

5. Audience applauding at end of speech

When Britain decides this week whether to leave the European Union, London's voice may prove decisive. But for which side?

Britain's capital, home to almost nine million people, encompasses the most pro-EU place of the country, and the least.

In the cosmopolitan City financial district, where almost half a million people from around the globe work in Europe's biggest financial centre, pro-EU sentiment predominates.

But just a few miles away, the borough of Havering, stronghold of working-class East Enders, topped a national survey of the most anti-EU places in Britain.

The two districts represent the opposing views at the heart Britain's EU debate.

One sees the bloc’s free flow of people and money as a benefit. The other sees it as a threat.

Havering, a chunk of suburban Essex county absorbed into Greater London in 1965, is a workaday place of 20th-century houses and strips of shops on busy roads.

Many residents are Cockneys who moved out of London's East End in search of more space and quiet, or their children.

It's not the poorest part of London, nor the area with the most immigrants.

Havering is one of London's least ethnically diverse boroughs - 83 percent of people here identify themselves as "white British," compared to 45 percent in London as a whole.

Almost 90 percent of Havering residents were born in Britain, compared to 63 percent for all of London.

Like other local authorities, Havering Council has had its funding from central government slashed under austerity programmes aimed at reducing the national deficit.

"We've been told there is austerity, we must cut back," said Lawrence Webb, a Havering councillor for the anti-EU UK Independence Party.

While fishmonger David Crosbie, working on a drizzly morning in Havering's Romford street market, is an emphatic "leave" voter.

For Crosbie, the decision has a lot to do with borders, on land and sea.

He says he is tired of European fishermen trawling waters around Britain under the EU's Common Fisheries Policy.

"Remain" campaigners say government austerity is rooted in the 2008 financial crisis and in British politicians' choices, not the EU.

Nonetheless, migrants and the EU often take the blame in Havering, where many people say they do not see the benefits of immigration.

That view is less common in central London and not just in the financial district.

In multiethnic inner-city areas such as Camden and Islington, it's rare to spot a "leave" sign.

Immigration has become the most emotive issue of the campaign for Thursday’s referendum, stirring fears of instability among voters and drawing allegations of xenophobia from "remain" supporters.

The EU is built on the principle that citizens can live and work in any of the 28 member states.

Since the bloc expanded to include former Communist countries in eastern Europe more than a decade ago, hundreds of thousands of people have moved west to Britain and other, wealthier, EU nations.

The perception that EU migrants come to take jobs and, somewhat paradoxically, to live on welfare benefits, is driving "leave" sentiment in Havering and other Eurosceptic areas.

But 15 miles (24 kilometres) to the southwest in the historic heart of financial London, policy chief Mark Boleat argues that thousands of jobs, and London's standing as a financial centre, depend on the EU.

That view is backed by the Economist Intelligence Unit, which said last week that leaving the EU would endanger London's status as a global financial hub, "almost certainly depriving UK-based financial firms of their passport to conduct business anywhere in the EU."

When Britain decides this week whether to leave the European Union, London's voice may prove decisive. But for which side?

Britain's capital, home to almost nine million people, encompasses the most pro-EU place of the country, and the least.

In the cosmopolitan City financial district, where almost half a million people from around the globe work in Europe's biggest financial centre, pro-EU sentiment predominates.

But just a few miles away, the borough of Havering, stronghold of working-class East Enders, topped a national survey of the most anti-EU places in Britain.

The two districts represent the opposing views at the heart Britain's EU debate.

One sees the bloc’s free flow of people and money as a benefit. The other sees it as a threat.

Havering, a chunk of suburban Essex county absorbed into Greater London in 1965, is a workaday place of 20th-century houses and strips of shops on busy roads.

Many residents are Cockneys who moved out of London's East End in search of more space and quiet, or their children.

It's not the poorest part of London, nor the area with the most immigrants.

Havering is one of London's least ethnically diverse boroughs - 83 percent of people here identify themselves as "white British," compared to 45 percent in London as a whole.

Almost 90 percent of Havering residents were born in Britain, compared to 63 percent for all of London.

Like other local authorities, Havering Council has had its funding from central government slashed under austerity programmes aimed at reducing the national deficit.

"We've been told there is austerity, we must cut back," said Lawrence Webb, a Havering councillor for the anti-EU UK Independence Party.

While fishmonger David Crosbie, working on a drizzly morning in Havering's Romford street market, is an emphatic "leave" voter.

For Crosbie, the decision has a lot to do with borders, on land and sea.

He says he is tired of European fishermen trawling waters around Britain under the EU's Common Fisheries Policy.

"Remain" campaigners say government austerity is rooted in the 2008 financial crisis and in British politicians' choices, not the EU.

Nonetheless, migrants and the EU often take the blame in Havering, where many people say they do not see the benefits of immigration.

That view is less common in central London and not just in the financial district.

In multiethnic inner-city areas such as Camden and Islington, it's rare to spot a "leave" sign.

Immigration has become the most emotive issue of the campaign for Thursday’s referendum, stirring fears of instability among voters and drawing allegations of xenophobia from "remain" supporters.

The EU is built on the principle that citizens can live and work in any of the 28 member states.

Since the bloc expanded to include former Communist countries in eastern Europe more than a decade ago, hundreds of thousands of people have moved west to Britain and other, wealthier, EU nations.

The perception that EU migrants come to take jobs and, somewhat paradoxically, to live on welfare benefits, is driving "leave" sentiment in Havering and other Eurosceptic areas.

But 15 miles (24 kilometres) to the southwest in the historic heart of financial London, policy chief Mark Boleat argues that thousands of jobs, and London's standing as a financial centre, depend on the EU.

That view is backed by the Economist Intelligence Unit, which said last week that leaving the EU would endanger London's status as a global financial hub, "almost certainly depriving UK-based financial firms of their passport to conduct business anywhere in the EU."

Havering -1 June 2016

1. Wide of market, vote leave sign

2. Close of vote leave sign

3. Mid of market

4. England flag

5. Pan from town hall sign to Havering town hall, flags flying

6. SOUNDBITE (English) Lawrence Webb, UKIP Councillor:

"There are many, many reasons, not least of which is the cost to us as a council and a country of being members of the EU. But this referendum is about one single issue, and that is sovereignty. It's about who makes the laws that govern our lives although if you speak to ten different people you get ten different reasons why people may be voting out, but that in a nutshell is what it is about. It is about who makes those decisions over our lives."

7. Cutaway of flags flying over town hall

8. SOUNDBITE (English) Lawrence Webb, UKIP Councillor:

"We've been told there is austerity, we must cut back. The one budget, or two budgets that haven't been cut are our membership fee of the EU and foreign aid. Our view is that money should be spent here. So stop giving Brussels a single penny until we sort our own economy out."

9. Wide of market

10. Seafood at fishmonger stand at Havering market

11. SOUNDBITE (English) David Crosby, fishmonger:

"They want to stay in because it's beneficial to them. But that's not even one percent of the population. 90 odd percent of them don't earn like half a million pounds a year in bonuses and all this lark which they can tuck round the corner like in Liechtenstein, Panama, wherever. Normal people like have to go and work for a living and they want to earn their own money."

12. Keep calm and leave the EU sign

13. SOUNDBITE (English) Sukh Singh, works on family stall:

"They (Europeans) come here, and they don't work and they just claim benefits and also they don't give a chance to people who are born here, to English people."

14. SOUNDBITE (English) Jackie Duvall, market researcher:

"If immigration is so wonderful two and two isn't making four. They say they contribute towards the economy, I don't doubt it but and the end of the day, where is the money going? Where are all the extra taxes going? Is it going to hospitals? No. Education, the prison service? It's going nowhere. So, it's a con trick."

London - 17 June 2016

15. Pan of Bank of England

16. Set up of Mark Boleat, policy chairman at City of London Corporation

17. SOUNDBITE (English) Mark Boleat, policy chairman at City of London Corporation:

"The City of London's position is that Britain should remain a member of the European Union. We think the European Union has been good for the country generally, very good for financial services, many jobs depend on it, and we think that leaving the European Union will be taking a significant risk. The city would undoubtedly remain a very large international financial centre, but we think it would be smaller than it would be if Britain remained in."

18. Cutaway of Boleat talking

19. SOUNDBITE (English) Mark Boleat, policy chairman at City of London Corporation:

"You take investment banking, there are 100,000 jobs roughly in Europe, 90,000 of them in Britain. If Britain is not in the European Union, that ability would be lost. And secondly, is the free movement of labour. The City is very international. You hear almost any language conceivable in the streets of London. The big institutions have no hesitation in bringing in people from France, Germany and Spain, Italy, Romania, Bulgaria and similarly people move from Britain to those countries. If Britain was not in the European Union, that would not be so easy."

20. Pan down from Bank to Royal Exchange sign

21. Set up shot of Amy Wilson 27, Technology Consultant in the City

22. SOUNDBITE (English) Amy Wilson, Technology Consultant in the City:

"I'm strongly 'remain', I think probably most people I know are also strongly 'remain'. I don't know if it seems to me like it's a London thing, it seems more like a generational thing to me."

23. Cutaway of Royal Exchange

24. SOUNDBITE (English) Michael Patterson, restaurateur in the City:

"My view is we should remain and have another referendum in five years time when the situation will be much clearer and we will get a decisive result which will last for all time."

25. City workers eating lunch

26. SOUNDBITE (English) James Sylvester, works in IT services in the City:

"It's also the devil you know. It's better to be in and fight rather than to be out and fight. It's an easier way. Path of least resistance."

27. City workers on street

28. SOUNDBITE (English) Richard Wells, works part time as a Broker for Lloyds:

"It's very close for me, 51-49 in favour of Brexit, I have to say. I've done some studies on it. It's going to knock share prices, stock markets, the economy for a bit. I think it's more important as things go to try and get our country back a bit more. I think that's more important to me than it is the economic effect. But it's so close, it's really, really close."

29. Pan down of exchange

Officials from the The City of London Corporation said on Monday Britain's financial services sector must work with the government to ensure that whilst the will of the people is respected, the exit from the European Union is done in the most "effective and efficient way."

The City of London is hoping for a liberal approach to Brexit that would maintain access to the European single market and the freedom of movement for labour, money and services.

Political turmoil has roiled Britain since the vote to leave the European Union as leaders of the government and opposition parties grapple with the question of how precisely the U.K. will separate from the other 27 nations in the bloc.

Officials from the The City of London Corporation said on Monday Britain's financial services sector must work with the government to ensure that whilst the will of the people is respected, the exit from the European Union is done in the most "effective and efficient way."

The City of London is hoping for a liberal approach to Brexit that would maintain access to the European single market and the freedom of movement for labour, money and services.

Political turmoil has roiled Britain since the vote to leave the European Union as leaders of the government and opposition parties grapple with the question of how precisely the U.K. will separate from the other 27 nations in the bloc.

London - 27 June 2016

1. News conference with City of London officials

2. Tilt-up closem of City of London Corporation Policy Chairman Mark Boleat

3. Cameraman

4. SOUNDBITE (English) Mark Boleat, City of London Corporation Policy Chairman:

"I think what's being done right now is a very careful assessment of what the issues are. Some of them are highly technical. For example, there are direct regulations from the European Union, there is tax arrangements. All of these sort of things need to be looked at. You know what should be done in the short term? Do we need to put some of these into British law, what can be dispensed with, what is really important that we want going forward in terms of keeping business. So a lot of technical work that has already begun, indeed some of it was done before the referendum"

5. Reporter taking notes

6. SOUNDBITE (English) Mark Boleat, City of London Corporation Policy Chairman:

"So the task we've all got now is implementing the decision of the British people, making sure this is done in the most effective and efficient way, trying to preserve as much as we can in existing arrangements, and assisting the government and indeed other European countries in setting up new arrangements that will work."

7. Cutaway

8. SOUNDBITE (English) Jeremy Browne, City of London special representative in Europe:

"The government clearly doesn't have a detailed contingency plan, so it's in the process of putting one together and we are in the process of helping."

9. Reporter asking question

10. SOUNDBITE (English) Mark Boleat, City of London Corporation Policy Chairman:

"Today, we've had (leading Brexit campaigner) Boris Johnson clearly talking about continued access to the single market and indeed saying we're not going to be closing the door on immigration from Europe. So that sort of liberal approach is very much I think what business would like to see."

11. Cutaway

12. SOUNDBITE (English) Mark Boleat, City of London Corporation Policy Chairman:

"You know it is clear this is going to be a negotiation. And can it all be achieved? Well, that remains to be seen. Clearly Britain is not going to get everything it wants, but on the other hand, we've seen already the effect on European stock markets of the British decision to leave and we think it is in the interest of, you know the whole of the European Union, not just to Britiain, to have an arrangement that preserves as much as what we've got as possible."

13. Various exteriors of City of London, pedestrians

Gina Miller needs to look no further than her own small investment firm to know that leaving the European Union would be bad for Britain.

She has an analyst who is Italian: would he need a visa? She has customers who are British retirees living in Spain: will they return home to keep access to health care and liquidate their euro investments? Her firm, SCM Direct, works closely with French bank Societe Generale: would that relationship continue?

"It could be terrible for the city,'' she said suggesting the impact could be similar to the 2008 financial crisis.

From the international banks in the skyscrapers of Canary Wharf to the traditional home of Britain's financial industry in the City of London and the hedge funds of Mayfair, bankers and money managers across the capital are watching the June 23 referendum on EU membership with trepidation. Many fear a vote to leave would undermine London's position as the world's pre-eminent financial center and damage an industry that underpins the British economy.

In case of a British exit, or Brexit, from the EU, US banking giant JPMorgan said last week that they would have to move staff to the continent to ensure it could continue to serve clients who want to invest there, Dimon said. Other global banks with customers in the rest of the EU would be in a similar situation.

Britain has been the gateway to the EU for many banks, brokerages and fund managers for decades. In addition to having a trusted legal system and institutions that operate in English, the language of international finance, London is in the right time zone to access most of the Earth during its working day and has a reputation for delivering top-notch financial services. The industry is also surrounded by an ecosystem of expertise, lawyers, accountants and consultants, to support it.

Some 60 percent of all European headquarters of non-EU firms are based in the U.K., according to TheCityUK, which lobbies on behalf of the financial industry. The UK hosts more headquarters of non-EU firms than Germany, France, Switzerland and the Netherlands put together.

London's advantages are such that people in favor of leaving the EU, such as Peter Hargreaves, co-founder of brokerage firm Hargreaves Lansdown, think it will retain its luster no matter what. He poured scorn on the notion that it could be easily replicated.

"In addition to the cost of building the infrastructure for a rival to the City of London one has also got to work out whether people will want to live in another financial center,'' he said. "They certainly wouldn't want to live in Paris, although Paris is a pretty city, purely because of the tax rates and in all honesty they wouldn't want to live in Frankfurt because actually there isn't even the housing there to house them. People want to live in London.''

London's financial sector has complained about a number of EU rules, such as limits on bankers' bonuses and an attempt to impose a tax on financial transactions.

Those considerations, however, are largely trumped by concerns that leaving the EU would make access to the other 27 EU countries more difficult, many analysts say.

The principle of "passporting" currently allows any firm registered in one EU country to operate in any other member state without facing another layer of regulation. It's the same principle that allows exporters to ship their goods to any EU country free of tariffs. Losing that freedom is a particular concern for the many foreign firms who use London not only as a financial hub but as an entry point into the EU.

While the UK could probably negotiate a new arrangement for trade in goods, it would be much more complicated to hammer out a deal on services, experts believe. The situation has no precedent, no country the size of the UK has ever left such an integrated economic union, so the outcome of any talks can't be predicted.

And anything that curtails Britain's financial industry has implications for the UK economy as a whole, not just the bankers who were pilloried for taking home million-pound bonuses while they fueled the global financial crisis.

The industry's importance is even more obvious in Britain's trade figures. While the country posted an overall trade deficit of 34.4 billion pounds (50 billion US dollars) in 2014, it generated a 72 billion pound surplus from exporting financial and related services.

"Uncertainty is bad news," said Vicky Pryce, an economist and former joint head of the UK government economic service.

"It will take some time for that to settle down, it will take some time for the negotiations to take place. There is a two year period during which officials and also ministers will have to sit down and try and negotiate a deal and we just don’t know whether even over that period something will come out that will be in the slightest bit beneficial for the city so a lot of uncertainty

The City of London - the square mile roughly bounded by the walls of the original Roman city - has been the financial heart of Britain since the 17th century, when merchants meeting at local coffee houses formed Lloyd's of London and the London Stock Exchange. It has survived wars, famines and fires and would likely survive any outcome from the EU vote. The question is in what form.

Jeffrey Evans, the Lord Mayor of the City of London, whose office has promoted The City as place to do business since the Magna Carta was signed in 1215, says leaving the EU in not a risk worth taking.

Speaking in an opulent drawing room that feels more like a museum, with Dutch masters lining the walls, Evans noted that leaving the EU is "a very important matter."

"This is a decision that will affect future generations," he said.

Gina Miller needs to look no further than her own small investment firm to know that leaving the European Union would be bad for Britain.

She has an analyst who is Italian: would he need a visa? She has customers who are British retirees living in Spain: will they return home to keep access to health care and liquidate their euro investments? Her firm, SCM Direct, works closely with French bank Societe Generale: would that relationship continue?

"It could be terrible for the city,'' she said suggesting the impact could be similar to the 2008 financial crisis.

From the international banks in the skyscrapers of Canary Wharf to the traditional home of Britain's financial industry in the City of London and the hedge funds of Mayfair, bankers and money managers across the capital are watching the June 23 referendum on EU membership with trepidation. Many fear a vote to leave would undermine London's position as the world's pre-eminent financial center and damage an industry that underpins the British economy.

In case of a British exit, or Brexit, from the EU, US banking giant JPMorgan said last week that they would have to move staff to the continent to ensure it could continue to serve clients who want to invest there, Dimon said. Other global banks with customers in the rest of the EU would be in a similar situation.

Britain has been the gateway to the EU for many banks, brokerages and fund managers for decades. In addition to having a trusted legal system and institutions that operate in English, the language of international finance, London is in the right time zone to access most of the Earth during its working day and has a reputation for delivering top-notch financial services. The industry is also surrounded by an ecosystem of expertise, lawyers, accountants and consultants, to support it.

Some 60 percent of all European headquarters of non-EU firms are based in the U.K., according to TheCityUK, which lobbies on behalf of the financial industry. The UK hosts more headquarters of non-EU firms than Germany, France, Switzerland and the Netherlands put together.

London's advantages are such that people in favor of leaving the EU, such as Peter Hargreaves, co-founder of brokerage firm Hargreaves Lansdown, think it will retain its luster no matter what. He poured scorn on the notion that it could be easily replicated.

"In addition to the cost of building the infrastructure for a rival to the City of London one has also got to work out whether people will want to live in another financial center,'' he said. "They certainly wouldn't want to live in Paris, although Paris is a pretty city, purely because of the tax rates and in all honesty they wouldn't want to live in Frankfurt because actually there isn't even the housing there to house them. People want to live in London.''

London's financial sector has complained about a number of EU rules, such as limits on bankers' bonuses and an attempt to impose a tax on financial transactions.

Those considerations, however, are largely trumped by concerns that leaving the EU would make access to the other 27 EU countries more difficult, many analysts say.

The principle of "passporting" currently allows any firm registered in one EU country to operate in any other member state without facing another layer of regulation. It's the same principle that allows exporters to ship their goods to any EU country free of tariffs. Losing that freedom is a particular concern for the many foreign firms who use London not only as a financial hub but as an entry point into the EU.

While the UK could probably negotiate a new arrangement for trade in goods, it would be much more complicated to hammer out a deal on services, experts believe. The situation has no precedent, no country the size of the UK has ever left such an integrated economic union, so the outcome of any talks can't be predicted.

And anything that curtails Britain's financial industry has implications for the UK economy as a whole, not just the bankers who were pilloried for taking home million-pound bonuses while they fueled the global financial crisis.

The industry's importance is even more obvious in Britain's trade figures. While the country posted an overall trade deficit of 34.4 billion pounds (50 billion US dollars) in 2014, it generated a 72 billion pound surplus from exporting financial and related services.

"Uncertainty is bad news," said Vicky Pryce, an economist and former joint head of the UK government economic service.

"It will take some time for that to settle down, it will take some time for the negotiations to take place. There is a two year period during which officials and also ministers will have to sit down and try and negotiate a deal and we just don’t know whether even over that period something will come out that will be in the slightest bit beneficial for the city so a lot of uncertainty

The City of London - the square mile roughly bounded by the walls of the original Roman city - has been the financial heart of Britain since the 17th century, when merchants meeting at local coffee houses formed Lloyd's of London and the London Stock Exchange. It has survived wars, famines and fires and would likely survive any outcome from the EU vote. The question is in what form.

Jeffrey Evans, the Lord Mayor of the City of London, whose office has promoted The City as place to do business since the Magna Carta was signed in 1215, says leaving the EU in not a risk worth taking.

Speaking in an opulent drawing room that feels more like a museum, with Dutch masters lining the walls, Evans noted that leaving the EU is "a very important matter."

"This is a decision that will affect future generations," he said.

London - 24 May 2016

1. Various aerials of Canary Wharf

London - 6 June 2016

2. Set up of Gina Miller, co-founder of wealth management company SCM Direct

3. SOUNDBITE (English) Gina Miller, co-founder of wealth management company SCM Direct:

"It could be terrible for the city because there is so much going on in the city, and we are seen as being one of the forefronts in the financial services and being a leader in that sector and if you look at all the modelling that has gone on there will definitely be a huge impact because a lot of the euro clearing happens in the UK. We have already seen that this first quarter of this year compared to last year, M and As - mergers and acquisitions - are down 39 percent, we've seen a real halt in foreign investment in the UK. If gilt markets - foreigners why would they want to buy our gilts, we could be hit in gilts we don't know what will happen with sterling. Nobody knows."

London - 24 May 2016

4. Aerial of the city

London - 22 May 2016

6. Pan of Bank of England

7. Pull focus from flowers to Bank

8. Workers and sign for Bank underground station

London - 24 May 2016

9. Set up of Jeffrey Evans, the Lord Mayor of the City of London

10. SOUNDBITE (English) Jeffrey Evans, the Lord Mayor of the City of London:

"Well, first of all it’s very important matter, it’s a, this is a decision that will affect future generations. The city of London we had, we reached a decision in March the corporation that we would take a position and that’s very strongly that we wish to remain in, it was a clear majority for that. And it’s, it’s very important the city of London is really, perhaps are most successful industry in the UK, recognises the financial, press and business services, we recogonise the importance of the EU to London and the UK."

London - 24 May 2016

11. Aerials of the city with the Shard and the Gerkhin

Bristol - 6 June 2016

12. Various of set up of Peter Hargreaves, co-founder of brokerage firm Hargreaves Lansdown

13. SOUNDBITE (English) Peter Hargreaves, co-founder of brokerage firm Hargreaves Lansdown:

"In addition to the cost of building the infrastructure for a rival to the City of London one has also got to work out whether people will want to live in another financial center. They certainly wouldn't want to live in Paris, although Paris is a pretty city, purely because of the tax rates and in all honesty they wouldn't want to live in Frankfurt because actually there isn't even the housing there to house them. People want to live in London it's got the best restaurants in the world, the best sport facilities in the world, the best theatres in the world, I mean why would anyone want to live anywhere else."

FILE: London - 22 February 2016

14. Various of trading floor and traders at GKFX brokers in London

Bristol - 1 June 2016

15. Set up Vicky Pryce, economist and former joint head of the U.K. government economic service

16. SOUNDBITE (English) Vicky Pryce, economist and former joint head of the U.K. government economic service:

"It is just possible, even if there is a 'Brexit vote', the UK we get some special allowance in terms of the way in which it operates, particularly in the service sector with the rest of Europe. But it will take some time for that to settle down, it will take some time for the negotiations to take place. There is a two year period during which officials and also ministers will have to sit down and try and negotiate a deal and we just don’t know whether even over that period something will come out that will be in the slightest bit beneficial for the city so, a lot of uncertainty. Uncertainty is bad news."

London - 24 May 2016

14. Aerials of the city

FOR CLEAN VERSION SEE STORY NUMBER: apus066386

Republican Presidential Nominee Donald Trump compared election day to Brexit, the British vote to leave the European Union earlier this year. Trump, speaking in Moon Township, Pennsylvania on Sunday night, said election day will be "Brexit-plus-plus-plus-plus-plus." Trump also said Democratic Presidential Nominee Hillary Clinton is the most corrupt person to ever seek the U.S. Presidency, but that U.S. voters will deliver justice at the ballot box.

US POOL

Moon Township, Pennsylvania - 6 November, 2016

1. SOUNDBITE (English) Donald Trump, (R) Presidential Nominee

"Real change also means restoring honesty to government. We'll start by getting rid of Clinton, all right? That will be a good start. Hillary Clinton is the most corrupt person ever to seek the office of the Presidency of the United States."

2. SOUNDBITE (English) Donald Trump, (R) Presidential Nominee

"The investigations into her crimes will go on for a long, long time. The rank-and-file special agents at the F.B.I. won't let her get away with these terrible crimes."

3. SOUNDBITE (English) Donald Trump, (R) Presidential Nominee

"Look, we are going to deliver justice the way justice used to be in this country. At the ballot box on November eighth, we are going to do something so special. It will be so special. It will be an amazing day. It will be called Brexit-plus-plus-plus-plus-plus. You know what I mean."

Republican Presidential Nominee Donald Trump compared election day to Brexit, the British vote to leave the European Union earlier this year. Trump, speaking in Moon Township, Pennsylvania on Sunday night, said election day will be "Brexit-plus-plus-plus-plus-plus." Trump also said Democratic Presidential Nominee Hillary Clinton is the most corrupt person to ever seek the U.S. Presidency, but that U.S. voters will deliver justice at the ballot box.

AP TELEVISION

Moon Township, Pennsylvania - 6 November, 2016

1. Trump walks up to microphone

2. Crowd listening, cheering

US POOL

Moon Township, Pennsylvania - 6 November, 2016

3. SOUNDBITE (English) Donald Trump, (R) Presidential Nominee

"Real change also means restoring honesty to government. We'll start by getting rid of Clinton, all right? That will be a good start. Hillary Clinton is the most corrupt person ever to seek the office of the Presidency of the United States."

AP TELEVISION

Moon Township, Pennsylvania - 6 November, 2016

4. Crowd cheering, waving signs

US POOL

Moon Township, Pennsylvania - 6 November, 2016

5. SOUNDBITE (English) Donald Trump, (R) Presidential Nominee

"The investigations into her crimes will go on for a long, long time. The rank-and-file special agents at the F.B.I. won't let her get away with these terrible crimes."

AP TELEVISION

Moon Township, Pennsylvania - 6 November, 2016

6. Pan, cheering crowd

US POOL

Moon Township, Pennsylvania - 6 November, 2016

7. SOUNDBITE (English) Donald Trump, (R) Presidential Nominee

"Look, we are going to deliver justice the way justice used to be in this country. At the ballot box on November eighth, we are going to do something so special. It will be so special. It will be an amazing day. It will be called Brexit-plus-plus-plus-plus-plus. You know what I mean."

AP TELEVISION

Moon Township, Pennsylvania - 6 November, 2016

8. Crowd listening

US POOL

Moon Township, Pennsylvania - 6 November, 2016

9. Trump clapping after speech

North of Hadrian's Wall dividing England from Scotland, the shock at the result of the UK's referendum was still being felt the second weekend after Britons voted to leave the European Union.

In one of the defining splits of last week's vote, all 32 council areas in Scotland voted for Britain to stay in the bloc.

In Edinburgh, 74-percent chose 'remain' - the highest in Scotland - and some believe the nation's 2014 independence referendum is partly responsible for their decision.

Lindsay Wright, a 23-year-old veterinary student celebrating her graduation, attributes the result to more knowledge about EU membership as a result of the referendum in Scotland on UK membership.

She believes two years of political debate over independence has given people the chance to fully weigh the consequences of life outside the EU.

But whilst pro-European sentiment could be expected in a large university city, even towns shattered by the demise of coal mines, shipyards and steelworks made the calculus that quitting the EU wouldn't turn things around for them.

Robert Butcher's father worked in the Ravenscraig steelworks that closed down in 1992.

Yet unlike many blue-collar voters in England or Wales, he doesn't see how leaving the EU would benefit declining industrial towns that were once the backbone of the British Empire.

The old steelworks were demolished in 1996, and the derelict and polluted land is still being cleared up to be reopened for residential or commercial projects.

EU funds have contributed to that effort.

Further north in Alloa, business owner Raymond McGarvey said Scots don't like change and don't like uncertainty.

While Tasmina Ahmed-Sheikh, one of the 54 legislators representing the Scottish National Party in the British Parliament, said the SNP's enthusiastic campaigning to remain in the EU helps explains why Scotland voted "remain."

And Anthony Ridget-Newman, an associate researcher at the University of Glasgow, believes the independence movement is key to understanding how Scots view their place in the UK and Europe.

To be sure, not all Scots feel the same way.

Unionists marching with British flags and Protestant banners in the annual Orange Order parade in Glasgow rejected the idea that Scotland was being dragged out of the EU by other parts of the country.

Penny whistle player Findley Mclaughlin said the referendum had been a "UK vote", not a Scottish one, accusing the SNP of ulterior motives.

Edinburgh - 2 July 2016

1. Various of bagpipe player in Edinburgh city centre, UPSOUND: bagpipes

2. Scottish flag, UPSOUND: bagpipes

3. People walking down street, UPSOUND: bagpipes

4. SOUNDBITE (English) Lindsay Wright, 23-year-old veterinary graduate:

"I don't know if maybe Scotland kind of had done their research on EU membership a bit more before, because kind of voting to remain part of the UK was voting to remain part of Europe, when we voted."

5. Various of statues

6. UK and Scottish flags

Motherwell - 2 July 2016

7. Various of steel plant

8. Various of housing estate next to the old Ravenscraig steelworks.

9. Various of Robert Butcher repairing his car

10. SOUNDBITE (English) Robert Butcher, 52-year-old metal worker:

"Well you've got a lot of wee (small) foundries that were shut down, wee (small) mills that did a lot of things. A lot of people supplied the Ravenscraig. They all lost out, that all disappeared. So you have maybe 5,000 (jobs) disappeared down there, but you'd have about 30 (thousand) in the rest of the community all affected. Their jobs are done away with."

11. Butcher's hand with tool

12. SOUNDBITE (English) Robert Butcher, 52-year-old metal worker:

"We're better in the EU. You're better together. One way or another. It's as simple as that. I mean day-to-day, I don't see ney benefits. But look here, they're the likes of here Ravenscraig. That was all cleaned up, all that. The British government didn't do that. They've (the EU) done that. Half the thingmies (things) that are getting done through here it's the European thingmies (thingumajig) that cough up the money for it, not the British government. So when you realise that, it's fair enough we put a lot of money in but a lot of people don't realise we get a lot of money back other ways."

13. Various of lush landscape on the site of the old Ravencraig steelworks

Alloa - 1 July 2016

14. Cars parked in street of Alloa with highlands in background

15. Public artwork in the town center of Alloa

16. People walking in town center of Alloa

17. SOUNDBITE (English) Raymond McGarvey, 61-year-old business owner:

"Leaving the EU, if it was going to make me a millionaire, make my life better, then I would maybe have voted for it. But it's not going to make my life better. Staying in is just keeping my life the same. I'm not looking for it to be any better than it is, just to keep it the same."

18. Various town centre of Alloa

19. Scottish National Party (SNP) Member of the UK Parliament Tasmina Ahmed-Sheikh walking

20. SOUNDBITE (English) Tasmina Ahmed-Sheikh, SNP Member of the UK Parliament:

"It was clear that Scotland and indeed Northern Ireland voted differently from the rest of the United Kingdom and when we try to work out why that was, I think it's a lot to do with the Scottish independence movement as it still exists post-independence referendum of 2014. It's often said we are a nation of 5 million politicians. We're engaged in the debate, we listen to the arguments. And I think, having that informed view and vision encourages people to come out and vote, and vote with the feeling that they had the knowledge they were making the right choice and indeed informed choice when they did so."

Glasgow - 1 July 2016

21. Pull-out exterior trees to interior of political analyst Anthony Ridge-Newman, Associate Research, University of Glasgow

22. Close-up on hands

23. SOUNDBITE (English) Anthony Ridge-Newman, Associate Research, University of Glasgow:

"The development of Scottish nationalism in recent years has really changed the social fabric of the Scottish people: the way they view their place in the United Kingdom, and the way they view their place in Europe. And I think that is really the central argument for suggesting why the Scottish people voted to remain in the EU."

Glasgow - 2 July 2016

24. Various of protestant march in Glasgow

25. SOUNDBITE (English) Findley McLaughlin, 57-year-old penny whistle player in the Protestant Boys marching band from Glasgow:

"This time, we voted for the UK to come out (of the EU), but the SNP again have gone against the wishes of the UK, not just the Scottish people, the UK, 100 per cent. It's not, it wasn't a Scottish vote, it was a UK vote. That's the problem. The SNP have got an agenda, 100 per cent. They just want to break up the union. And it'll never work, there's no getting the oil, there's no getting the money, and we'd end up like Greece."

26. Various of protestant march in Glasgow

London's mayor pledged to campaign hard to persuade British citizens to vote to remain in the European Union in a June 23 referendum.

Sadiq Khan told The Associated Press on Sunday that leaders need to to go "door to door, street to street, city to city," to persuade voters in what is seen as an extremely close contest.

Speaking on the sidelines of Queen Elizabeth II's birthday celebrations, Khan offered an impassioned appeal to political leaders to put aside differences that have diluted the message of campaigners who want the country to remain in the EU.

"If we believe that the European Union is important for jobs, important for our children's future, important for our security, important for our way of life, we've got to campaign together," he said.

London's mayor pledged to campaign hard to persuade British citizens to vote to remain in the European Union in a June 23 referendum.

Sadiq Khan told The Associated Press on Sunday that leaders need to to go "door to door, street to street, city to city," to persuade voters in what is seen as an extremely close contest.

Speaking on the sidelines of Queen Elizabeth II's birthday celebrations, Khan offered an impassioned appeal to political leaders to put aside differences that have diluted the message of campaigners who want the country to remain in the EU.

"If we believe that the European Union is important for jobs, important for our children's future, important for our security, important for our way of life, we've got to campaign together," he said.

London - 12 June, 2016

1. Sadiq Khan, London Mayor, talking to reporters

2. SOUNDBITE (English) Sadiq Khan, London Mayor:

"It's neck and neck. I've always thought it was going to be very close. There are 16 days to go and it's really important we understand what's at stake here now. The European Union has brought huge benefits to our country; economic benefits, cultural benefits, social benefits. It helps keep us safe. But, you know, we're an open-minded, outward-looking country. We embrace other cultures, learning the best ideas from other countries, and I'm really passionate about our future being in the heart of the European Union. I'm going to spend the next 16 days persuading my fellow citizens why I think it's so important to our country."

3. Khan speaking to reporters

4. SOUNDBITE (English) Sadiq Khan, London Mayor: ++AUDIO AS INCOMING++

"We're going to be doing a series of events across the next 16 days. I'll be in London, and also going around the country as well, to persuade other people why it's so important Look, what this can't be seen is through the prism of a Conservative leadership contest - it's much more important than that. It's about our children and grandchildren; (about) what sort of country you want to live in; do we enjoy the fact that we are no longer suspicious of our French cousins and our German neighbours. We want to see them as friends and as allies. We have businesses doing business from Germany and France, Spain and Italy, here in London, but also with companies from around the world. Japanese, Chinese, American, who have their European headquarters here in London. I don't want to lose that."

5. Khan speaking to reporters

6. SOUNDBITE (English) Sadiq Khan, London Mayor: ++AUDIO AS INCOMING++

"What's really important over the next 16 days is that we put aside any party political differences; (that) we put aside any personal differences we have. If we believe that the European Union is important for jobs, important for our children's future, important for our security, important for our way of life, we've got to campaign together, go door to door, go street to street, in each community, city to city, to persuade our fellow citizens why it is so important to our future. I believe it is."

7. Photographers

8. SOUNDBITE (English) Sadiq Khan, London Mayor: ++AUDIO AS INCOMING++

"We can't have scaremongering. We can't have 'Project Fear'. But it is legitimate to explain, look, if currently the European Union - imperfect though it is - brings jobs, growth, prosperity, what would happen if we left? What happens to those businesses that are American, Japanese, Chinese, that have their headquarters here in London as a gateway to the European Union. What happens to the business we do with Germany, France, Spain, Italy, all these countries in the European Union. The EU's GDP is bigger than China and the USA. It's really important."

9. Reporter

10. SOUNDBITE (English) Sadiq Khan, London Mayor: ++AUDIO AS INCOMING++

"We're an open-minded, outward-looking country. We're not isolationist, we're internationalist. We've always embraced other cultures, not for the last 20 to 30 years, but for the last 1,000 years, and I don't want that to end now."

11. Khan posing for photographs

RESTRICTION SUMMARY: AP CLIENTS ONLY

SHOTLIST:

POOL - AP CLIENTS ONLY

London - 21 February 2016

1. SOUNDBITE (English) Boris Johnson, Mayor of London:

"I don't think anybody could realistically claim that this is fundamental reform of the EU or of Britain's relationships with the EU, and it's my view that after 30 years of writing about this, we have chance actually to do something, I have a chance actually to do something. I would like to see a new relationship based more on trade, on co-operation, but as I say with much less of this super national element."

++BLACK FRAMES++

2. SOUNDBITE (English) Boris Johnson, Mayor of London:

"I've decided after a huge amount of heartache because I did not want to do anything, the last thing I wanted was to go against (British Prime Minister) David Cameron or the government. But after a great deal of heartache I don't think there is anything else I can do. I will be advocating "Vote Leave" or whatever the team is called, I understand there are many of them, because I want a better deal for the people of this country, to save them money and to take back control. That's really, I think, what this is all (about)."

++BLACK FRAMES++

3. SOUNDBITE (English) Boris Johnson, Mayor of London:

"The truth is that is has been agonisingly difficult and I think for many of us, what I said over many years, well a couple of years now is, I would like to be in a reformed EU and that's my hope, an EU that's based more on free trade, you know fundamental treaty change."

++BLACK FRAMES++

4. SOUNDBITE (English) Boris Johnson, Mayor of London:

"Is it better for Britain to remain in Europe as it currently is or is there a way that we could actually get a better deal that did more for British democracy, restored some control to the people of this country, that's the crucial thing for me."

++BLACK FRAMES++

4. SOUNDBITE (English) Boris Johnson, Mayor of London:

"I look at what the prime minister achieved the other day, and I have to say that given the time that he had, he did fantastically well. I think everybody should pay tribute to David Cameron for what he pulled off in a very short space of time."

STORYLINE:

London Mayor Boris Johnson said on Sunday he is joining a campaign to encourage Britain to leave the European Union.

He posed a direct challenge to Prime Minister David Cameron, who has launched a major push to win support for his call to keep his country within the EU.

Britons will vote in a June 23 referendum on whether to stay in or leave the 28-nation bloc

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In Hartlepool, a tough, proud port town whipped by bitter North Sea winds, people have long felt ignored by politicians in far-off London.

Not now, in Britain's Brexit-dominated early election.

Britain's political parties are battling to win Hartlepool and places like it: working-class former industrial towns whose voters could hold the key to the prime minister's 10 Downing Street office.

Once, it would have been no contest.

Hartlepool has elected lawmakers from the left-of-centre Labour Party for more than half a century.

But in 2016, almost 70% of voters here backed leaving the European Union.

More than three years later, the UK is still an EU member, and loyalty to Labour has been eroded by frustration.

Trawlers still land with holds full of fish, lobster and crab; but the number of boats has fallen, and fishermen rail against the quotas and red tape imposed by the EU's Common Fisheries Policy.

Fisherman Robert Corner, 74, says he will be voting for the Conservative Party on December 12.

"I am voting Conservative for the first time in my life this vote. I hope Boris (Johnson, UK Prime Minister) fetches us out of this friggen EU," he said.

Fellow fisherman Steve Horsley agrees and feels the Labour Party offers "nothing" to people like him.

"l've always been a Labour voter," said Diane Jordan, a hypnotherapist enjoying an evening of music and bingo at the Hartlepool Working Mans Club. "My parents were always Labour: my grandparents were always Labour. Hartlepool's always been Labour and now I'm not going to go Labour."

Jordan is now considering voting for the Conservative Party for the first time.

That's good news for Johnson, who pushed for the December 12 election, more than two years early, in hope of breaking Britain's parliamentary deadlock over Brexit.

If he gets a majority of the 650 House of Commons seats, he will be able to ratify his EU divorce deal – which he withdrew from Parliament last month after lawmakers demanded more time to scrutinize it – and take Britain out of the bloc as scheduled on January 31.

Tom O'Grady, a lecturer in political science at University College London, said the Conservatives need to win seats like Hartlepool to compensate for the likely loss of pro-EU areas in southern England and Scotland.

"They're going to have to gain seats in the north of England and the Midlands from Labour if they're going to win a big majority at this election," he said.

But the Conservatives' challenge is complicated by the insurgent Brexit Party, led by veteran eurosceptic Nigel Farage.

Farage rejects Johnson's deal with the EU because it would keep the UK bound to the bloc's rules until the end of 2020, and possibly longer.

He'd rather leave the EU without an agreement, which would free Britain to strike new trade deals around the world.

It would also, according to most economists, leave the country poorer, by imposing barriers to business with the EU, Britain's biggest trading partner.

Supporters of a "hard Brexit" like Farage dismiss such claims, and accuse both Conservatives and Labour of watering down and delaying Brexit.

Hartlepool, where the Brexit Party controls the town council, is the party's top target in the election.

Richard Tice, the Brexit Party chairman and its candidate for Hartlepool hopes to win over former Labour voters who support Brexit.

"I am telling voters in Hartlepool they have been let down and betrayed by the Labour Party - that is betraying them on Brexit and has had a MP in this constituency for over 60 years and actually they have let down the voters here. I am going to pledge I am going to get a proper Brexit done. I am going to bring money and jobs into Hartlepool."

Mike Hill, who has been Hartlepool's Labour lawmaker since 2017 and is running for re-election, says he's not worried.  

Labour's complex stance on Brexit – it wants to renegotiate the divorce deal, then hold a new referendum on whether to leave the EU or remain – has angered some supporters.

But the party hopes its focus on social issues such as crime, health care and welfare – all affected by a decade of Conservative public-spending cuts – matters more to voters than Brexit.

He predicted locals might not warm to Tice, a wealthy property developer from the south of England.

"The Brexit Party seem to think they can come here with some southern billionaire candidate and just waltz into the place. Well, the people of Hartlepool are not fools," Hill said. "They can see right through that."

++CLIENTS PLEASE NOTE: WE ARE REPLAYING THIS STORY, WHICH RAN ON 13 NOVEMBER 2019, AS PART OF OUR UNITED KINGDOM ELECTION COVERAGE++

ARCHIVE: Hartlepool - 11 November 2019

1. Various of colourful houses on the Hartlepool shoreline

2. Various of lighthouse

3. Close up of Hartlepool Borough Council sign

4. Various of fishermen offloading crabs from a fishing trawler

5. Fisherman Steve Horsley working on a fishing net

6. Horsley and fisherman Robert Corner working on a fishing net

7. Corner holding fishing net

8. SOUNDBITE (English) Robert Corner, fisherman:

"My father, my mother, everybody voted Labour (UK opposition party). Now I voted UKIP (UK Independence Party) for the last...twice (last two elections) and I am voting Conservative (UK ruling party) for the first time in my life this vote. I hope Boris (Johnson, UK Prime Minister) fetches us out of this friggen EU."

9. Tilt up of Horsley working on a fishing net

10. SOUNDBITE (English) Steve Horsley, fisherman:

"Well (Brexit Party leader, Nigel) Farage started it off and the he walked away from it didn't he? You know I mean what was that about? And (Labour Party leader, Jeremy) Corbyn he has nothing at all for the likes of us people I don't think. Nothing at all."

11. Wide of Hartlepool Working Mans Club

12. Close of Hartlepool Working Mans Club sign

ARCHIVE: Hartlepool - 10 November 2019

13. Various of people in Hartlepool Working Mans Club

14. SOUNDBITE (English) Diana Jordan, hypnotherapist:

"I have always been classed as a Labour voter because my parents were always Labour, my grandparents were always Labour, Hartlepool has always been Labour and now I am not going to go Labour."

15. Various of lorry driver Clive Jordan at Hartlepool Working Mans Club

16. SOUNDBITE (English) Clive Jordan, lorry driver:

"I voted Labour all my life, but because of the way certain people are in Labour I have gone off of them now. I am not voting Labour no more. They've literally just blew it with me now."

ARCHIVE: London - 12 November 2019

17. Various of Tom O'Grady, lecturer in quantitative political science at UCL (University College London)

18. SOUNDBITE (English) Tom O'Grady, lecturer in quantitative political science at UCL:

"Seats like Hartlepool are seats where, if the Conservatives are going to win a big majority, they have to win seats like that. Hartlepool, about the 110th seat on the Conservatives' list of gains, but because the Conservatives are going to probably lose seats in Scotland to the Scottish National Party and lose seats in the south of England to the Liberal Democrats, they're going to have to gain seats in the north of England and the Midlands from Labour if they're going to win a big majority at this election."

ARCHIVE: Hartlepool - 11 November 2019

19. Various of a decommissioned oil rig at Hartlepool ship recycling facility

20. Wide of Brexit Party banner in Hartlepool town centre

21. Richard Tice, Brexit Party chairman and candidate for Hartlepool, talking to media

22. SOUNDBITE (English) Richard Tice, Brexit Party candidate for Hartlepool:

"I am telling voters in Hartlepool they have been let down and betrayed by the Labour Party - that is betraying them on Brexit and has had a MP in this constituency for over 60 years and actually they have let down the voters here. I am going to pledge I am going to get a proper Brexit done. I am going to bring money and jobs into Hartlepool."

23. Wide of Labour Party campaigners including Hartlepool MP Mike Hill (red jacket) meeting in a parking lot

24. Close of Labour Party rosette on Hill's jacket

25. SOUNDBITE (English) Mike Hill, Labour Party MP in Hartlepool:

"The Brexit Party seem to think they come here with some southern billionaire candidate (Tice) and just waltz in the place. Well, the people of Hartlepool are not fools. They can see right through that and they'll consider somebody thinking that they can parachute into this constituency as bit of an insult to be absolutely honest, because the town deserves better."

26. Various of Hill handing out Labour Party pamphlets

27. Close of Labour Party pamphlet comparing the Conservatives and Brexit Party with Labour

In Hartlepool, a tough, proud port town whipped by bitter North Sea winds, people have long felt ignored by politicians in far-off London.

Not now, in Britain's Brexit-dominated early election.

Britain's political parties are battling to win Hartlepool and places like it: working-class former industrial towns whose voters could hold the key to the prime minister's 10 Downing Street office.

Once, it would have been no contest.

Hartlepool has elected lawmakers from the left-of-center Labour Party for more than half a century.

But in 2016, almost 70% of voters here backed leaving the European Union.

More than three years later, the UK is still an EU member, and loyalty to Labour has been eroded by frustration.

Trawlers still land with holds full of fish, lobster and crab; but the number of boats has fallen, and fishermen rail against the quotas and red tape imposed by the EU's Common Fisheries Policy.

Fisherman Robert Corner, 74, says he will be voting for the Conservative Party on December 12.

"I am voting Conservative for the first time in my life this vote. I hope Boris (Johnson, UK Prime Minister) fetches us out of this friggen EU," he said.

Fellow fisherman Steve Horsley agrees and feels the Labour Party offers "nothing" to people like him.

"l've always been a Labour voter," said Diane Jordan, a hypnotherapist enjoying an evening of music and bingo at the Hartlepool Working Mans Club. "My parents were always Labour: my grandparents were always Labour. Hartlepool's always been Labour and now I'm not going to go Labour."

Jordan is now considering voting for the Conservative Party for the first time.

That's good news for Johnson, who pushed for the December 12 election, more than two years early, in hope of breaking Britain's parliamentary deadlock over Brexit.

If he gets a majority of the 650 House of Commons seats, he will be able to ratify his EU divorce deal – which he withdrew from Parliament last month after lawmakers demanded more time to scrutinize it – and take Britain out of the bloc as scheduled on January 31.

Tom O'Grady, a lecturer in political science at University College London, said the Conservatives need to win seats like Hartlepool to compensate for the likely loss of pro-EU areas in southern England and Scotland.

"They're going to have to gain seats in the north of England and the Midlands from Labour if they're going to win a big majority at this election," he said.

But the Conservatives' challenge is complicated by the insurgent Brexit Party, led by veteran eurosceptic Nigel Farage.

Farage rejects Johnson's deal with the EU because it would keep the UK bound to the bloc's rules until the end of 2020, and possibly longer.

He'd rather leave the EU without an agreement, which would free Britain to strike new trade deals around the world.

It would also, according to most economists, leave the country poorer, by imposing barriers to business with the EU, Britain's biggest trading partner.

Supporters of a "hard Brexit" like Farage dismiss such claims, and accuse both Conservatives and Labour of watering down and delaying Brexit.

Hartlepool, where the Brexit Party controls the town council, is the party's top target in the election.

Richard Tice, the Brexit Party chairman and its candidate for Hartlepool hopes to win over former Labour voters who support Brexit.

"I am telling voters in Hartlepool they have been let down and betrayed by the Labour Party - that is betraying them on Brexit and has had a MP in this constituency for over 60 years and actually they have let down the voters here. I am going to pledge I am going to get a proper Brexit done. I am going to bring money and jobs into Hartlepool."

Mike Hill, who has been Hartlepool's Labour lawmaker since 2017 and is running for re-election, says he's not worried.  

Labour's complex stance on Brexit – it wants to renegotiate the divorce deal, then hold a new referendum on whether to leave the EU or remain – has angered some supporters.

But the party hopes its focus on social issues such as crime, health care and welfare – all affected by a decade of Conservative public-spending cuts – matters more to voters than Brexit.

He predicted locals might not warm to Tice, a wealthy property developer from the south of England.

"The Brexit Party seem to think they can come here with some southern billionaire candidate and just waltz into the place. Well, the people of Hartlepool are not fools," Hill said. "They can see right through that."

Hartlepool, United Kingdom - 11 November 2019

1. Various of colourful houses on the Hartlepool shoreline

2. Various of lighthouse

3. Close up of Hartlepool Borough Council sign

4. Various of fishermen offloading crabs from a fishing trawler

5. Fisherman Steve Horsley working on a fishing net

6. Horsley and fisherman Robert Corner working on a fishing net

7. Corner holding fishing net

8. SOUNDBITE (English) Robert Corner, fisherman:

"My father, my mother, everybody voted Labour (UK opposition party). Now I voted UKIP (UK Independence Party) for the last...twice (last two elections) and I am voting Conservative (UK ruling party) for the first time in my life this vote. I hope Boris (Johnson, UK Prime Minister) fetches us out of this friggen EU."

8. Tilt up of Horsley working on a fishing net

9. SOUNDBITE (English) Steve Horsley, fisherman:

"Well (Brexit Party leader, Nigel) Farage started it off and the he walked away from it didn't he? You know I mean what was that about? And (Labour Party leader, Jeremy) Corbyn he has nothing at all for the likes of us people I don't think. Nothing at all."

10. Wide of Hartlepool Working Mans Club

11. Close of Hartlepool Working Mans Club sign

Hartlepool, United Kingdom - 10 November 2019

12. Various of people in Hartlepool Working Mans Club

13. SOUNDBITE (English) Diana Jordan, hypnotherapist:

"I have always been classed as a Labour voter because my parents were always Labour, my grandparents were always Labour, Hartlepool has always been Labour and now I am not going to go Labour."

14. Various of lorry driver Clive Jordan at Hartlepool Working Mans Club

15. SOUNDBITE (English) Clive Jordan, lorry driver:

"I voted Labour all my life, but because of the way certain people are in Labour I have gone off of them now. I am not voting Labour no more. They've literally just blew it with me now."

London - 12 November 2019

16. Various of Tom O'Grady, lecturer in quantitative political science at UCL (University College London)

17. SOUNDBITE (English) Tom O'Grady, lecturer in quantitative political science at UCL:

"Seats like Hartlepool are seats where, if the Conservatives are going to win a big majority, they have to win seats like that. Hartlepool, about the 110th seat on the Conservatives' list of gains, but because the Conservatives are going to probably lose seats in Scotland to the Scottish National Party and lose seats in the south of England to the Liberal Democrats, they're going to have to gain seats in the north of England and the Midlands from Labour if they're going to win a big majority at this election."

Hartlepool, United Kingdom - 11 November 2019

18. Various of a decommissioned oil rig at Hartlepool ship recycling facility

19. Wide of Brexit Party banner in Hartlepool town centre

20. Richard Tice, Brexit Party chairman and candidate for Hartlepool, talking to media

21. SOUNDBITE (English) Richard Tice, Brexit Party candidate for Hartlepool:

"I am telling voters in Hartlepool they have been let down and betrayed by the Labour Party - that is betraying them on Brexit and has had a MP in this constituency for over 60 years and actually they have let down the voters here. I am going to pledge I am going to get a proper Brexit done. I am going to bring money and jobs into Hartlepool."

22. Wide of Labour Party campaigners including Hartlepool MP Mike Hill (red jacket) meeting in a parking lot

23. Close of Labour Party rosette on Hill's jacket

24. SOUNDBITE (English) Mike Hill, Labour Party MP in Hartlepool:

"The Brexit Party seem to think they come here with some southern billionaire candidate (Tice) and just waltz in the place. Well, the people of Hartlepool are not fools. They can see right through that and they'll consider somebody thinking that they can parachute into this constituency as bit of an insult to be absolutely honest, because the town deserves better."

25. Various of Hill handing out Labour Party pamphlets

26. Close of Labour Party pamphlet comparing the Conservatives and Brexit Party with Labour

Like its American namesake, the English town of Boston has a reputation for rebellion.

Three years ago, almost 76% of voters in this eastern England town opted, against the government's advice, to leave the European Union, the highest pro-Brexit vote in the UK.

With Britain's departure delayed and politicians deadlocked, Bostonians now feel frustration, fatigue and even fury. And they warn Prime Minister Boris Johnson that he will be out of a job if he breaks his vow that Britain will leave the EU on October 31, come what may.

"It's just a shambles," retired truck driver Mick Phoenix said. "It's disgusting and, to be frank, verging on treason. They're going against the will of the people."

Julia Barber, shopping at the town's open-air market, is also frustrated with lawmakers who voted last week to block Johnson's bid to leave the EU without a deal, and rejected the prime minister's call for a snap election.

"The whole country's in limbo," she said.

Britain as a whole is split down the middle over Brexit. But support for leaving the EU - and ending European citizens' automatic right to settle in the UK - remains strong in Boston, where rapid change from immigration has fueled resentment toward the 28-nation bloc.

Since the EU expanded eastwards in 2004, the historic market town has been transformed by thousands of immigrants from Poland, Lithuania and other ex-Communist countries who came to pick cauliflowers, broccoli and potatoes in the fertile fields around Boston or work in the region's food factories.

The population of Boston, 120 miles (200 kilometres) north of London, has grown by a fifth since 2001, to about 68,000. The sturdy little town that provided some of America's first Puritan settlers has become a collage of cultures. Traders sell local produce at an open-air market in the shadow of a medieval church, around the corner from a street of Eastern European supermarkets, travel agents and information centres.

Some long-term residents feel unsettled by the change. Unemployment in Boston is below the national average, but so are wages, and some locals blame the ready supply of migrant labour for keeping salaries low. Population growth - and years of public-spending cuts by the Conservative-led British government - have stretched schools, hospitals and housing. It's common to hear long-settled residents accuse the newcomers of drunkenness and bad behaviour.

Nigel Welton, the Conservative deputy leader of the town council, thinks immigration has been good for Boston, and says migrants have sometimes been scapegoated for local problems. But he says "when local people can't get jobs, when local people can't get to see their doctor, when local people can't get proper housing, and it's because of the amount of immigration without the services, then that's going to upset the local community."

The concerns are shared by Anton Dani, Boston's first-ever immigrant mayor. Dani, who became civic leader in May, was born in Morocco, raised in France, and runs Cafe de Paris, a Gallic corner of Boston complete with pictures of the late French singer Charles Aznavour on the walls.

Not all "Leave" supporters in Boston are motivated by immigration. Simon Brigden, who is married to a Polish woman, said he doesn't like the bureaucratic EU, but thinks European citizens are an asset.

Some Brexit supporters acknowledge that leaving the EU won't solve all of Boston's problems. It may even make them worse. Farmers' groups say it is already getting harder to attract European workers, and the agriculture sector will face labour shortages if migration falls.

As it stands, Britain is set to crash out of the EU on October 31 without a divorce deal to cushion the economic shock. Most economists say a no-deal Brexit will disrupt trade between Britain and the bloc and plunge the UK into recession. The pound, which has lost more than 15% of its value since the 2016 referendum, is likely to fall further. Food prices are set to rise and medicines could run short.

Many Brexit supporters believe the long-term benefits of an independent trade policy will outweigh any short-term pain. And some simply don't care about the economic cost.

Boston's febrile Brexit atmosphere leaves Matt Warman, the area's member of Parliament, with a balancing act. The Conservative lawmaker spends a lot of time reassuring European constituents that Britain wants them to stay after Brexit, but also understands concerns about the rapid changes immigration has brought to the town.

He voted for former Prime Minister Theresa May's EU divorce deal - which was rejected three times by Parliament - but now agrees with Johnson that a no-deal Brexit would be better than remaining a member of the EU.

"What I hear from constituents is 'get on with it,'" Warman said. "We want a deal, obviously, but if it has to be no deal then the only way to respect the referendum result becomes a no deal."

The jobs of both Warman and his prime minister depend on delivering Brexit soon. With Parliament and the government deadlocked, Britain is almost certain to face a snap election within months.

Pro-EU voters are already flocking to opposition parties, and if Johnson doesn't deliver on his promise to leave the EU on October 31 "do or die," the Conservatives could lose towns like Boston to the single-issue Brexit Party, led by veteran euroskeptic politician Nigel Farage.

"Saturday the 31st of October, the prime minister has said 'Do or die.' That's what people believe. They're fully behind him," Welton said. "And if he doesn't deliver it, then people are going to be extremely upset in this town."

Boston - 8 September 2019

1. St Botolph's Church through bridge railing

2. Wide of church

Boston - 7 September 2019

3. Various of Boston's Saturday outdoor market

4. Mick Phoenix, a retired truck driver and supporter of Nigel Farage's Brexit Party, walking through main square of market

5. Close-up Brexit Party button on Phoenix's fleece

6. SOUNDBITE (English) Mick Phoenix, Retired Truck Driver, Brexit Party supporter:

"It's just a shambles. It's disgusting and, to be frank, verging on treason. (Reporter: How so?) They're going against the will of the people."

7. Retiree and Leave supporter Julia Barber walking through the market

8. SOUNDBITE (English) Julia Barber, Retiree and Leave supporter:

"I would be happy for him (Prime Minister Boris Johnson) to carry on a bit further but I just get so angry about everything that's put in someone's way, whether it be Theresa May or now Boris Johnson. The stuff that's put in their way to stop it because people don't like the result, and that's what a lot of it boils down to is they didn't like the result of the referendum and they're just constantly kicking off about it."

9. Cutaway customers at the fruit and vegetable stall

10. SOUNDBITE (English) Julia Barber, Retiree and Leave supporter:

"Everybody's in limbo. The whole country's in limbo. All our businesses are in limbo Nobody knows what's going to happen."

11. Nigel Welton, the Conservative deputy leader of the Boston town council crossing street in front of municipal office

12. SOUNDBITE (English) Nigel Welton, Conservative Deputy Leader Town Council:

"It's all about capacity. If the infrastructure in this town had kept pace with the level of immigration we would be a very big town that would be managing well. But when local people can't get jobs, when local people can't get to see their doctor, when local people can't get proper housing, and it's because of the amount of immigration without the services, then that's going to upset the local community."

Boston - 8 September 2019

13. High street shop selling products from Eastern Europe

14. Close-up sign for Lithuanian and Romanian products

15. Wide Kubus European Food Store

16. Close-up European Food Store printed on awning

Boston - 7 September 2019

17. Café De Paris door with owner and town Mayor Anton Dani working inside

18. Various of Dani making a café au lait

19. SOUNDBITE (English) Anton Dani, Boston Mayor:

"There was more people coming in. We didn't increase our number of surgeries. We don't have enough places in the hospitals, we don't have enough places in schools, so all of this has created that kind of conflict between the locals and the newcomers."

Boston - 8 September 2019

20. Balcony shot of Sunday Mass with Polish community of Boston inside Parish of St Mary

21. Close-up woman and child arm in arm attending service

22. Wide of Mass with priest kneeling

23. SOUNDBITE (English) Father Stanislaw Kowalski, Polish Priest to Boston's Polish Community:

"I lived many years in a communist country. The Brexit for me is not a big issue."

24. Congregation leaves St Mary's church after Mass service in Polish, among them, Simon Brigden, British, married to a Polish woman

25. SOUNDBITE (English) Simon Brigden, Contractor and Leave supporter:

"I don't think people voted out purely because of the immigration. People voted out because they didn't want to be ruled by Europe. They didn't want the power to be in Brussels making decisions in this country, what everyone was doing in this country. I didn't vote because of the immigration. All the people that work for me are all from... Lithuanian people, Polish people, so I don't want to get rid of them. I like the foreign people."

26. Adam Altynski, a Polish parcel delivery driver eating lunch at Swojskie Jadlo, Polish family style restaurant in Boston

27. SOUNDBITE (English) Adam Altynski, Polish parcel delivery driver, living in UK for 14 years:

"When people were voting they weren't aware of what they were doing exactly, because it's going to affect them now that choice which they made and it's going to be harder times. The economy will be in a much more difficult situation like (than) before Brexit, I believe."

Boston - 7 September 2019

28. Wide of outdoor market

29. Cutaway British motif on the wall inside Café de Paris

30. SOUNDBITE (English) Matt Warman, Conservative MP for Boston and Skegness:

"What I hear from constituents is 'get on with it.' We want a deal, obviously, but if it has to be no deal then the only way to respect the referendum result becomes a no deal."

31. Borough of Boston written under the archway of municipal building

32. SOUNDBITE (English) Nigel Welton, Conservative Deputy Leader Town Council:

"We've set a date, 31st of October, and the prime minister has said do or die. That's what people have believed. They're fully behind him and if he doesn't deliver it then people are going to be extremely upset in this town."

33. Wide pan to another Boston landmark, the Maud Foster Mill

Four years after Britain voted to leave the European Union, Brexit can still seem abstract. But in the county known as the Garden of England, it is literally taking concrete form.

Just beyond the ancient oaks and yews that surround medieval St. Mary's Church in the village of Sevington, bulldozers, dump trucks and cement mixers swarm noisily over a field.

They are chewing up land to create part of Britain's new border with the European Union - a customs clearance depot with room for up to 2,000 trucks.

No one asked local people for permission, and even in this Brexit-backing area, the disruption is straining support for the U.K.'s rupture with the EU.

"The first anyone knew about it was when a sign went up saying the footpaths had been closed," said Sharon Swandale, whose home in the village of Mersham used to be a 20-minute walk from Sevington.

Closure of the path for construction work means it's now an almost 4-mile (6.4-kilometer) drive.

This county, Kent, voted by 60%-40% to leave the EU in Britain's 2016 referendum, but Swandale said visions of truck stops and customs depots were not uppermost in their minds.

"That was never part of the actual selling and the marketing for Brexit," she said.

The two prosperous villages of Sevington and Mersham are 15 miles (24 kilometers) from the Channel Tunnel to France and 20 miles (32 kilometers) from Britain's biggest ferry port at Dover. Between them, the two routes carry 4 million trucks a year, filled with food and all manner of other essential items.

Those goods moved back and forth freely while Britain was part of the EU's single market and customs union.

The U.K. left the bloc's political structures in January, and will make an economic break when a transition period ends Dec. 31.

That means Britain must erect a customs border with the 27-nation EU, its biggest trading partner.

Opponents of Brexit say that is a waste of money and effort that will hurt businesses on both sides. For supporters, it's all part of taking back control of the country's borders and trade.

But everyone agrees it means new red tape, with the need for customs declarations and inspections.

If the U.K. and the EU fail to strike a free trade deal before the end of the year, tariffs will be slapped on many goods, bringing more disruption, bureaucracy and expense.

Prime Minister Boris Johnson's Conservative government has been reluctant to disclose details of its border plans.

But last month the government admitted its "reasonable worst-case scenario" involved "7,000 port-bound trucks in Kent and associated maximum delays of up to two days."

The government's plans for limiting the disruption include converting parts of a highway into a temporary parking lot for trucks, and imposing a "Kent access pass" - essentially a passport that truckers heading for the EU must have to enter Kent from other parts of Britain.

The Sevington site is intended for customs checks, and could also be a "temporary traffic management facility" - a parking lot - for trucks if there are border delays, the government says.

The 27-acre field is one of 10 sites around the country earmarked for potential border infrastructure, under powers the government has given itself to buy and build without consulting local authorities or residents first.

Sevington and Mersham are ancient settlements, mentioned in the 1086 census known as the Domesday Book, but the residents can't be called NIMBYs (people who object to building something unpleasant in their neighbourhood) who reject modern life.

They already live with the hum of traffic on the M20 highway that cuts through the area, and the sound of trains whooshing at 185 miles (300 kilometers) an hour toward the Channel Tunnel.

That makes them even more determined to preserve the remaining rural character of their communities.

With the support of local politicians, villagers are trying to limit the damage by saving an adjoining field, also bought by the government but not yet slated for development.

It's the last green space between them and the sprawling town of Ashford nearby.

Swandale says preserving the other field could save great crested newts and dormice and the paths used by walkers, cyclists and horse riders. "It would go a long way to mitigate this development," she said.

Britons still don't know whether New Year's Day 2021 will bring the government's worst-case scenario or a smoother exit.

Talks on a U.K.-EU trade deal are deadlocked over fishing rights and fair-competition rules.

At a summit this week, EU leaders will assess whether a breakthrough is possible. There are only weeks left to seal a deal if it is to be ratified by year's end.

Paul Bartlett, a Conservative member of Kent County Council who lives right beside the huge construction site, acknowledges the customs facility on his doorstep came as a surprise.

But as a staunch supporter of Brexit, he is determined to see the positive side of the new customs site.

"The ability to levy our own customs duty on imports, is an essential part of Brexit"

"We need jobs," he said, after the coronavirus pandemic plunged the U.K. into recession. "I hope we'll have 300 jobs and there's a good system of apprenticeships that young people can sign up to and develop a career for themselves."

Sevington - 6 October 2020

1. Pan down exterior of St. Mary's Church in the village of Sevington, pan left to diggers in distance working on site where customs clearance site is being built

2. Mid of diggers

Mersham - 6 October 2020

3. Pan down of spire of church to building site

4. Truck carrying earth on site

5. Tree in village of Mersham where villagers are trying to save the last green space between their village and Ashford

6. Mid of Royal Oak pub

7. Mid of red telephone box on green

8. Sharon Swandale from the Village Alliance leaving home and walking along road

9. Swandale walking towards site

10. Swandale watches buildings works

11. SOUNDBITE (English) Sharon Swandale, Village Alliance:

"The first anyone knew about it was when a sign went up saying that the footpaths had been closed, so a little bit of investigation about suddenly why work was being done, meant that we discovered that it was actually, a government customs site."

12. Diggers moving earth

13. SOUNDBITE (English) Sharon Swandale, Village Alliance:

"A lot of it was Brexit propaganda at the time. And even now people still don't quite know… I mean, we've got two weeks (meaning months), before we actually know, what Brexit means. So, I don't think people would have got down to the… how many lorries are going to be stopped to check their paperwork, because that was never part of the actual selling and marketing for Brexit."

14. Lorries passing on road

15. SOUNDBITE (English) Sharon Swandale, Village Alliance:

"At the moment this area behind us used to be… had all the skylarks. Obviously, they're not there anymore. But if you can save an open piece of this, they've got somewhere. The hedgerows contain birds nests of the most endangered of the bird species, so again, if you re-green this area, then that's somewhere they can get to go. So, it would go a long way to mitigate all of this development."

16. Trucks and diggers working on site

17. Paul Bartlett, Conservative member of Kent County Council, walking to fence at border of construction site

18. Close of Bartlett's face

19. Pan of large area where customs point will be

20. SOUNDBITE (English) Paul Bartlett, Conservative member of Kent County Council:

"The ability to levy our own VAT and customs duty on imports, is an essential part of Brexit. You see, the problem with the EU, is that it's one size fits all, and that can't be right for such a diverse community of Europe. There are some products which the EU allow to come into the UK, which frankly, we just simply want to put customs duty and taxes on. Not all products that are sourced in the EU, are produced in the correct, sustainable and the environmentally friendly way, that we aspire to in the UK."

21. Fence running through site

22. SOUNDBITE (English) Paul Bartlett, Conservative member of Kent County Council:

"We need jobs now, I mean, we're now in a recession, this is a long and deep recession. We'd earmarked this site for 3,000 new jobs, now, we're not going to get 3,000 jobs from what's going on here, I hope we'll have 300 jobs, and there's a good system of apprenticeships, that young people can join up to, and develop a career for themselves."

23. Various of diggers on site

24. Black road sign reading "Ashford International Truckstop"

Many residents of the north east England city of Sunderland, which voted overwhelmingly to leave the European Union in 2016, say they feel let down and fatigued after a deal for the United Kingdom to leave the bloc was approved by European leaders on Sunday.

Colin Moran was part of a group called the 'Metric Martyrs' which, in 2001, supported a Sunderland shopkeeper's court battle against an EU directive that made the failure to use metric scales an offence from 1 January 2000.

He believes British Prime Minister Theresa May's Brexit deal is "a complete mess".

"We voted no and it was the job of the government at the risk of a no deal to deliver leaving," he said on Monday. "No ifs. No buts and what it's turned into is a complete political mess."

Moran said Sunderland's fight with the EU went a long way back.

"The very first inkling that the public had in this country that there was something not quite right about our membership of the European Union was when the citizens of this country were forbidden to buy in their traditional weights and measures, which they all understood and did not understand metric," he said, referring to the UK's Imperial weights and measurements system. "Nobody ever asked for a half a kilo of steak, so there was something not quite right about that," he said.

Rodney Atkinson, a campaigner against the European Union and brother of English actor Rowan Atkinson, said May's deal was "the most disgraceful constitutional issue that has ever faced the British people".

"We have a prime minister who has entered negotiations in order to extricate us from a situation in which we were controlled by the European Union and to restore our sovereignty," he said at his home outside of Sunderland.

"She has actually managed to produce a deal that ties us even more to that EU with giving us even less power than we had before. So, it is quite an achievement to achieve such a disaster in so short a time."

Other residents of Sunderland said they were bitterly disappointed at the outcome of the deal that was finalised by EU leaders on Sunday.

Harry Mcatoniney, a retired IT project manager who voted to leave the EU in the 2016 referendum, said the deal was a betrayal of the country.

"This is not what I voted for," he said. "I think this is a betrayal of what the country actually voted for. The country was looking to take back control and I think we've ceded control. We've conceded everything."

Jeremy Anderson, a distribution centre worker in the city said he bored of the topic that has become more and more confusing over time.

"I am personally just kind of bored with it," he said. "I don't really understand enough of it to make a strong judgement on it on what the deal is she signed and what's in it for us. All I can gather is that we're not going to get everything we want and we are still pretty much tied in. So I'm just bored and I did vote to leave."

Kathleen Doolan, a retired nurse, said she too was confused by Brexit and what its consequences would be in the future.

"I don't think I really understand exactly what the full consequences are going to be in the future," she said. "It's been an ongoing topic on the television and I just think that all the different opinions that float by and I think it just confuses people and they're not really sure of what's gonna happen."

And there are some in the city who buck the trend.

Andrea Erington, a further education college lecturer in Sunderland, said she voted to remain in the European Union in 2016 and that she expected a difficult future for the UK.

"I understand other people's feelings about why they wanted to leave, but personally I think it's been a great loss for us," she said.

"We've had a lot of freedom to travel between countries and to work between countries and when I can see a good relationship, I can see a strain perhaps in the future."

Sunderland - 26 November 2018

1. Various of Colin Moran watching Brexit news reporting on television

2. SOUNDBITE (English) Colin Moran, EU leave voter:

"We voted no and it was the job of the government at the risk of a no deal to deliver leaving. No ifs, no buts. And what it's turned into is a complete political mess."

3. Close of Colin Moran's hands

4. Various of British Railways model train

5. SOUNDBITE (English) Colin Moran, EU leave voter and Metric Martyr:

"The very first inkling that the public had in this country that there was something not quite right about our membership of the European Union when the citizens of this country were forbidden to buy in their traditional weights and measures, which they all understood and did not understand metric. Nobody ever asked for a half a kilo of steak, so there was something not quite right about that."

6. Various of anti European Union activist Rodney Atkinson reading documents in living room

7. SOUNDBITE (English) Rodney Atkinson, former UK Independence Party leadership candidate and anti European Union activist:

"Well I think it's the most disgraceful constitutional issue that has ever faced the British people. We have a prime minister who has entered negotiations in order to extricate us from a situation in which we were controlled by the European Union and to restore our sovereignty. She has actually managed to produce a deal which ties us even more to that European Union with giving us even less power than we had before. So it is quite an achievement to achieve such a disaster in so short a time."

8. Wide of Roker beach promenade in Sunderland

9. Close of Sunderland City Council sign

10. Various of Harry Mcatoniney, retired IT project manager, looking at the sea

11. SOUNDBITE (English) Harry Mcatoniney, retired IT project manager:

"This is not what I voted for. I think this is a betrayal of what the country actually voted for. The country was looking to take back control and I think we've ceded control. We've conceded everything. The latest fisheries. The latest Gibraltar thing. They are just more concessions."

12. Wide of two people walking dog on Roker beach in Sunderland

13. SOUNDBITE (English) Jeremy Anderson, distribution centre worker:

"I am personally just kind of bored with it. I don't really understand enough of it to make a strong judgement on it, on what the deal is she signed and what's in it for us. But all I can gather is that we're not going to get everything we want and we are still pretty much tied in. So I'm just bored and I did vote to leave."

14. Wide of dog walkers on beach

15. SOUNDBITE (English) Kathleen Doolan, retired nurse:

"I think it's very confusing. I don't think I really understand exactly what the full consequences are going to be in the future. It's

been an ongoing topic on the television and I just think that all the different opinions that float by, and I think it just confuses people and they're not really sure of what's gonna happen."

16. Various of Sunderland city centre

17. SOUNDBITE (English) Andrea Erington, further education college lecturer:

"I understand other people's feelings about why they wanted to leave, but personally I think it'd be a great loss for us. We've had a lot of freedom to travel between countries and to work between countries, and while I can see a good relationship, I can see a strain perhaps in the future."

18. Various of Sunderland City Centre

19. City of Sunderland Parking sign

For many Britons living in towns and villages across Europe, the stroke of midnight Friday will mean losing the right to vote and run for office, with Brexit acting as an electoral guillotine on those privileges.

From being active participants in the communities where they have sunk roots and pay taxes, British expats in France, Germany and elsewhere in the European Union will suddenly find themselves on the outside, with no say.

Andrew Nixey must give up his seat on the elected council in Saint-Martial-sur-Isop, the village in west-central France where he has lived and raised cattle for 20 years.

"The fact that we can't vote is illogical," he said in an interview in the kitchen of his lovingly restored farmhouse. "We pay taxes, why should we not vote?"

Many details of Britain's separation from the EU still must be sorted out, and there won't be a lot of visible changes on Saturday, after the tortuous divorce finally becomes official.

But the loss still will be felt especially hard by Britons who left their island nation long ago to make new lives on the continent.

Already disenfranchised by British electoral law, which prevents expats from voting in the United Kingdom after 15 years overseas, Brexit will for many usher in an uncertain future with no ability to vote anywhere.

The problem could be fixed by becoming citizens of where they've chosen to live - an often drawn-out process.

But some expats don't meet the requirements, some have applied but are still awaiting the paperwork, and some simply don't want to become French, German or whatever.

Others just haven't got around to it, waking up late to the fact that they'll soon have nowhere to vote at all.

The right for all EU nationals to vote and stand in municipal elections where they live, even if they're not citizens of that country, was enshrined in the 1992 Maastricht Treaty that established the EU.  

But rules in Europe are not uniform for non-EU citizens, which is what Britons will become after Friday night.

Some countries allow non-EU citizens to vote in municipal elections.

So even after Brexit, Britons should still have a voice at the local level in Denmark, Finland, Sweden, the Netherlands and in two cities of the Slovak Republic.

In Finland, they will need to have been residents for two years, while the residency requirement is five years in the Netherlands.

Britain also has been negotiating directly with other EU nations to extend the ability of British expats to vote and run for office after Brexit.

The British government says it has deals with Spain, Portugal and Luxembourg and is continuing talks with others. It says British expats should also still be able to vote locally in Belgium, Estonia, Ireland, Lithuania, Malta and Slovenia.

But they'll no longer be able to vote or stand locally in France, which has tens of thousands of long-term British residents and many more part-time residents of vacation homes.

The French Interior Ministry says 757 Britons serve on municipal councils, more than any other expat group.

They will keep their seats until municipal elections in March, but they'll not be able to run or vote then if they haven't secured French citizenship.

For Briton Neil Baxter, an elected councilor in the French village of Mortemart, not being able to vote any more is another blow from Brexit.

"We just can't believe it has happened and it's happening and now that you have explained to me that finally we're not going to get a vote anywhere, I'm just gob-smacked," he says.

Nixey, the beef farmer, says his application for French citizenship is stuck somewhere in a Brexit-induced backlog.

He is not optimistic that he'll get it in time to stand again for re-election in Saint-Martial-sur-Isop.

He says that serving on the village council, dealing with the minutiae of local services like trash collection and road repairs, helped integrate him and his wife, Margaret, into the rural community where they raised two children.

He also feels it allowed him to play a bridge-building role between newly arrived Britons and their French neighbours.

About one third of the 140 residents of Saint-Martial and its immediate surroundings are British, many attracted by cheap housing and land.

Nixey worries that communication will suffer if he's not around to translate and help smooth out problems and misunderstandings.  

Saint-Martial Mayor Pierre Bachellerie says excluding the British expats will be "a big loss" for his other and other villages that have been revived by arrivals of British workers and retirees.

"It's sad. For me, it's incoherent and it's stupid, I find, to lose these people from our village electorate.

Because they bring life to our little villages and they pay taxes, like the French," he says.

Mortemart, France - 28 January 2020

1. Neil Baxter, a Briton who is also an elected member of the village council in Mortemart, at front door of his house with his dog

2. Baxter walking to the mayor's office

3. Baxter leaving the mayor's office

4. SOUNDBITE (English) Neil Baxter, British expat and Mortemart village councillor:

"Paperwork has to be done. Madame Gontier, the mayor, didn't speak English at the time, neither did a lot of them. Mortemart is an old village, with an elderly population. Us, we arrive, brighten things up a bit. And she knew that she would need help. So, you know, I gave her a hand with the translation, never thinking she would actually ask me to go on to the local council. And when she did, I thought, 'Oh, bloody hell, yeah. Why not? That will be interesting.' Because I am nosy and you get to learn a lot of things about Mortemart that I would never have known. So I was curious to do it and, at the same time help out the local Brits that are coming to live here."

5. Baxter talking in French about Brexit with the assistant to the mayor

6. SOUNDBITE (English) Neil Baxter, Elected village councillor:

"I think, to be honest, the majority, I have some British patients, we just can't believe it has happened. We just can't believe it has happened, and it's happening, and now that you have explained to me that finally we're not going to get a vote anywhere, I'm just gob-smacked."

Saint-Martial-sur-Isop - 27 January 2020

7. Beef farmer Andrew Nixey, a Briton who is an elected councillor in the village of Saint-Martial-sur-Isop, talking to his wife, Margaret, and leaving his house with their dogs

8. Nixey putting his dogs into the trunk of his car

9. Nixey driving

10. Mid of one of Nixey's dogs in the back of the beef farmer's car

11. SOUNDBITE (English) Andrew Nixey, British expat farmer and elected councillor of Saint-Martial-sur-Isop:

"I have a strong love of France. It's my life now. But I remain British. I don't feel French."

12. Nixey speaking French in a phone call outside his farmhouse

13. Nixey having lunch in his farmhouse

14. Close of one of Nixey's dog

15. SOUNDBITE (English) Andrew Nixey, British expat farmer and elected councillor of Saint-Martial-sur-Isop:

"It should be a human right, shouldn't it, the right to vote. I don't know. But that's the link for me. It's the loss of voting. We are a big chunk of the population. A third, roughly, of the population in this area is British. The fact that we can't vote is illogical. We pay, we pay taxes, why should we not vote?"

16. Nixey meeting the mayor of the village, Pierre Bachellerie, outside the mayor's office

17. Nixey and Bachellerie entering mayor's office

Saint-Martial-sur-Isop - 28 January 2020

18. Bachellerie doing paperwork in his mayor's office

19. SOUNDBITE (French) Pierre Bachellerie, Mayor of Saint-Martial-sur-Isop:

"All the English people who voted, it was very, very good for us. I don't see why that is being taken from them, because they bring life to the village, with the French. They take part in lots of things. It's fabulous for our little village. It's very much the same story in the 40 villages around here. The loss of the British electorate is a big loss for us."

Saint-Martial-sur-Isop - 27 January 2020

20. Nixey chatting to Bachellerie

Saint-Martial-sur-Isop - 28 January 2020

21. Bachellerie doing paperwork in his mayor's office

22. SOUNDBITE (French) Pierre Bachellerie, Mayor of Saint-Martial-sur-Isop:

"It's sad. For me, it's incoherent and it's stupid, I find, to lose these people from our village electorate. Because they bring life to our little villages and they pay taxes, like the French."

Saint-Martial-sur-Isop - 27 January 2020

23. Bachellerie saying goodbye to Nixey

London's mayor said he was "sad" and "heartbroken" as the UK prepared to exit the European Union by the end of the day Friday, but added that Britain's capital would remain an open city even after Brexit becomes official.

"We will carry on as a city being open-minded, out-looking, pluralistic and welcoming to our EU friends," Sadiq Khan said.

Britain's departure is a historic moment, but it only marks the end of the first stage of the Brexit saga.

The UK and the EU have given themselves an 11 month "transition period" in which the UK will continue to follow the bloc's rules, to strike new agreements on trade, security and a host of other areas.

Negotiations are due to start in March. The bloc insists there can be no trade deal unless Britain agrees to a "level playing field" and does not undercut EU regulations.

Khan said he hoped Londoners could persuade the government "to do good deals."

London – 31 January 2020

1. Wide of Tower Bridge

2. Traffic on Tower Bridge

3. London mayor Sadiq Khan being interviewed

4. Mid of bridge

5. SOUNDBITE (English) Sadiq Khan, London mayor:

"I've got to admit that I'm sad and I'm heartbroken. What I do recognize, though, is that there are Londoners who are EU citizens who make a massive contribution to our city economically, socially, culturally that aren't just our colleagues and our neighbors. They're our friends and members of our family. The key thing, though, is, I'm of the generation who has seen our European neighbors as friends and allies. Previous generations looked upon them with suspicion. And the key thing I'm determined to make sure happens is, going forward, we will carry on as a city being open-minded, out-looking, pluralistic and welcoming to our EU friends."

6. Wide tower of London

7. UK flag

8. SOUNDBITE (English) Sadiq Khan, London mayor:

"Look, we should be really proud that we as a city voted overwhelmingly to remain. We should be really proud that we are a city that welcomes people who are different. The color of your skin, the color of your flag, the color of your passport has no implication as we welcome you to our city. And the key three words I want to say is 'London is open.' London's open to talent, people, ideas. That isn't going to change as long as I'm the mayor."

9. Various of skyline

10. SOUNDBITE (English) Sadiq Khan, London mayor:

"The challenge for the government is to make sure we try and do good deals with not just the EU, but other countries around the world as well. And we've got to make sure as Londoners who understand the benefits of internationalism and openness and trade, persuade our government to do good deals. But one of my jobs as the mayor is to continue to make sure that the underlying strengths of our city continue to be there going forward."

11. Various of people around the Tower of London

12. SOUNDBITE (English) Sadiq Khan, London mayor, answering question regarding whether London could become a lightly regulated tax haven, a "Singapore on the Thames":

"I can't see that happening. I can't see us being a low regulation, low tax, you know, offshore city or country outside of the EU because frankly speaking, we're a city that welcomes the fact that we've got good employment rights. We welcome the fact that we're a city that regulates properly, and by and large, what's really important is that we realize that our future lies in high-skilled, well-paid jobs. Our future lies in doing trade, not just with the European Union, but other parts of the world as well. It's a fact of life that actually most countries who prosper, prosper by doing trade and forming bonds and allies with their closest neighbors. For us that's the European Union. At the same time, we going to do good trade deals and form friendships with those in the Americas, those in the southern hemisphere, those in the Africas and those in Asia as well."

13. People walking around City Hall

14. Close-up of EU flag

15. Wide of flags

16. Wide exterior of City Hall