Leader of the British Liberal Democrat party Tim Farron met with the European Parliament's lead Brexit negotiator, Guy Verhofstadt in Brussels on Wednesday.

The two men discussed whether or not article 50 can be revoked, according to Farron.

While Verhofstadt called for the British to show some reciprocity once Britain formally makes it's request to leave the EU, saying "We will not undo the European Union. We will not destroy it."

Farron and his political party believe the British public should be allowed to vote on another referendum once the negotiations have finished between the EU and UK.

Brussels - 7 December 2016

1. Tim Farron, UK Liberal Democrat party leader arriving at the European Parliament

2. Close of the logo for Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe

3. Guy Verhofstadt (glasses), European Parliament's lead Brexit negotiator, departing from a meeting with Farron

4. Farron departing from his meeting with Verhofstadt

5. Verhofstadt and Farron at news conference

6. Cameraman filming

7. SOUNDBITE (English) Tim Farron, UK Liberal Democrat Leader:

"We discussed a number of issues, not least the issue of whether or not Article 50 can be revocable. I think that is not yet clear. My personal view is, if the political will is there on both sides of the (English) Channel so to speak, then of course it should be. It's also been interesting to clarify that the European Parliament will have a vote on the final terms of the deal, irrespective of what some Conservatives have been saying."

8. Cameramen filming

9. Verhofstadt and Farron talking to journalists

10. SOUNDBITE (English) Tim Farron, UK Liberal Democrat Leader:

"With all due respect to my friend Guy and to Theresa May, our prime minister, it is my view if we believe in democracy, that neither of them have the right to impose on the British people a deal that the British people did not vote for. The British people voted for departure in June. We respect that. That is the direction we had going. But they did not vote for destination and the terms of the agreement, the terms of the deal that Britain will have on its departure from the European Union should be put to the British people in a referendum and on that referendum ballot paper should also be the right for the British people to remain if they don't like that deal."

11. Cameraman filming

12. SOUNDBITE (English) Guy Verhofstadt, European Parliament's lead Brexit negotiator

"We will not undo the European Union. We will not destroy it. We will not, for example, destroy the single market. We will not undo the four freedoms that are linked to this internal market. That is clear. Reciprocity is an important element of this negotiation but without giving up in fact the unity of the union and the single market and the four freedoms."

13. Various Farron talking to journalists

14. SOUNDBITE (English) Tim Farron/UK Liberal Democrat Leader

"She (Theresa May) says meaningless things like red, white and blue Brexit. Like, Brexit means Brexit because she hasn't got the foggiest clue what Brexit means and it would be much better if she gave us some idea. I think Theresa May is basically a decent straightforward person who is a prisoner of the nationalist, protectionist right that has taken over her party just as much as the socialists momentum has taken over the Labour Party. I look forward to Conservatives who believe in a pragmatic way forward with Europe, with Britain being a part of the single market, acting in a way which is good for business, dumping those in that party that are doing so much harm to our country."

16. Verhofstadt and Farron leaving the news conference

As the political campaigning continued over the issue of Brexit on Wednesday, Oxford University students were happy to weigh into the debate.

Britain will vote in a vital 23 June referendum on whether to sever its relationship with the European Union and strike its own path without having formal ties to Germany, France and the other nations in the 28-nation bloc.

At stake is a complex series of arrangements that have brought Britain into a much closer trading and political relationship with the rest of Europe, easing the free movement of people and goods between countries.

It has also meant that British courts can see decisions overturned on appeal to European courts.

British Prime Minister David Cameron argues that Britain should remain in the bloc, but polls indicate the country is deeply divided, in part because of fears that Europe's open doors have brought too many immigrants fleeing warfare and poverty.

As the political campaigning continued over the issue of Brexit on Wednesday, Oxford University students were happy to weigh into the debate.

Britain will vote in a vital 23 June referendum on whether to sever its relationship with the European Union and strike its own path without having formal ties to Germany, France and the other nations in the 28-nation bloc.

At stake is a complex series of arrangements that have brought Britain into a much closer trading and political relationship with the rest of Europe, easing the free movement of people and goods between countries.

It has also meant that British courts can see decisions overturned on appeal to European courts.

British Prime Minister David Cameron argues that Britain should remain in the bloc, but polls indicate the country is deeply divided, in part because of fears that Europe's open doors have brought too many immigrants fleeing warfare and poverty.

Oxford - 11 May 2016

1. Wide of Oxford University buildings

2. Store sign and hotel sign

3. Mid of university buildings

4. Close of sculpture

5. Wide of university building

6. Pull focus of two students talking

7. Tilt down of gate

8. Pan right of bikes

9. SOUNDBITE (English) Frank Jarman, Trinity College, 3rd year English student:

"I think a lot of the figures the government is coming out with in terms of the household income being affected are quite stark and I think a lot of the arguments of the Brexit campaign have been up with, especially people like Boris Johnson just really don't hold water, I don't think they're intellectually credible arguments. They seem to be promising some sort of utopia outside the EU that I think is really you know a possibility. I think there are risks for staying in and leaving and we shouldn't trivialise the issue by making it black or white or making stupid claims of either side really."

10. Wide of street

11. SOUNDBITE (English) Amelia Cooper, St Peter's College, 2nd year History and Politics student:

"I definitely think we should be staying in the EU. I think the Leave campaign is centred on an outdated view of what the nation state should be. I think its harking back to an idea of territorial integrity and sovereignty that was more appropriate in the 20th century. Around the world you are seeing trends to increase regional organisation, whether that's in security, economics or whatever. I think stepping back from the EU is going against that increasingly globalised current and I don't really see that doing so would be a sound decision for Britain, particularly if we want to lay claim to some inflated position in the world. I don't think that it is the correct move for us to leave."

12. Mid of student on the phone and computer

13. SOUNDBITE (English) Tom Gould, Lady Margret Hall, 1st year History student:

"I can recognise that the European Union is really quite anti-democratic, but I can recognise at the same time that perhaps there is an economic necessity is staying in the European Union and I don't think that a lot of the problems I have with the European Union, such as TTIP (Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership) would be resolved be leaving the European Union. I think the Conservative government, someone like David Cameron would just sign us up to a similar sort of agreement and TTIP is one of the main problems that I have with the European Union at the moment, so I don't think necessarily it would be resolved by Brexit."

14. Set up of student Paul Ostwald

15. SOUNDBITE (German) Paul Ostwald, Regents Park College, 2nd year PPE student, from Cologne, Germany: ++NON-VERBATIM TRANSLATION++

"I am generally scared about what will happen to us students. It's a strange feeling not knowing whether I'm welcome in this country after the 23 June, and not knowing if I'll have to apply for a visa, and all these things obviously are very important to me."

16. Mid of Ostwald and Cooper

17. Pull focus from university gate to building

British voters are deciding in a June 23 referendum on whether or not to leave the European Union with business owners, employers and analysts in disagreement as to how a so-called 'Brexit' may impact the jobs market.

Unemployment nearly across the 28-nation bloc stands at over 10 percent, almost double the UK rate.

Those in the remain camp argue that over three million jobs in the UK are linked to trade with the EU and point to massive investment from Europe into the Britain.

The EU has guaranteed workers' rights in the UK with guaranteed holiday pay, paid maternity and increased protection in the work place.

Many of UK's trade unions, major businesses and almost all the city say that a leave vote would have major negative repercussions for British workers with fears that a recession could hit wags and noting that financial services and huge players in the industrial sector would carry out on a threat to leave the UK.

Take Airbus UK, a company which employs 15,000 people, its president, Paul Kahn, says he wouldn't necessarily pull out of the UK, but long term investment would come under threat.

"The biggest issue we have with Brexit is that we just don't know what out looks like. So that's where the short-term uncertainty happens. And as soon as you create that uncertainty then that starts to affect long-term decisions. So the impact that I worry about is the long-term impact, he says.

"And that lack of investment, once the investment is made somewhere else that is it. The investment isn't going to be taken away from the other country it goes to so we will have lost out for a generation so that really becomes an issue for our children and our children's children about what sort of jobs we have, what sort of economy we have, how balanced is that economy, do we make things."

But those for Brexit say that EU regulation has hindered business, and that leaving the EU may create more jobs, as well as arguing that lower migration could push wages up.

JD Wetherspoon pub chain owner and founder Tim Martin who employs 37,500 people sees the European Union as "fundamentally undemocratic" and has been campaigning hard to leave the EU.

He donated 200,000 pounds (284,000 US dollars) to the official leave campaign and is distributing anti-remain beer mats and magazines arguing for Brexit in his 900 pubs up and down the country.

"If we have democracy, we will do really well. We will be able to sort all the other problems out and there is no reason why we can't be a more prosperous country," he says. "We will have more money because we won't be paying so much into the EU, and it will unleash great entrepreneurial forces within the country."

Not all his staff agree. Alex Papa is a 21 year old student from Rome studying international business at Birkbeck University, College of London, and has been working behind the bar at a branch JD Wetherspoon for a year. He says he is worried about a leave vote from "an economic point of view, and especially for a personal point of view."

"If I ever wanted my child or my family to come here one day in order to divide (share) their life with me, that would be impossible," he says.

Specialist in the EU job market Swati Dhingra of the London School Economics also worries about the implication of a leave vote, saying that her analysis shows that reduced trade and investment with the EU could leave to a five percent contraction in the British economy, leading to a loss of over 300-thousand jobs.

She also argues against those in the leave camp who tie UK unemployment to migration levels, the long standing view of many Brexiters, including UK Independence Party leader and EU lawmaker Nigel Farage.

"We know population growth also has increases in demand which also ends up contributing to economic growth. So what we expect from migration is a very similar kind of story which is you've got access to people who are well educated often or whose education was something you didn't contribute and now they're coming into your country. So they end up creating jobs, they end up also not taking away jobs from British workers, and the main reason is in a growing economy there is room for everybody," she says.

The uncertainty over the result of the EU referendum remains with some polls showing a majority of British voters are in favour of leaving, while others point toward the opposite scenario.

British voters are deciding in a June 23 referendum on whether or not to leave the European Union with business owners, employers and analysts in disagreement as to how a so-called 'Brexit' may impact the jobs market.

Unemployment nearly across the 28-nation bloc stands at over 10 percent, almost double the UK rate.

Those in the remain camp argue that over three million jobs in the UK are linked to trade with the EU and point to massive investment from Europe into the Britain.

The EU has guaranteed workers' rights in the UK with guaranteed holiday pay, paid maternity and increased protection in the work place.

Many of UK's trade unions, major businesses and almost all the city say that a leave vote would have major negative repercussions for British workers with fears that a recession could hit wags and noting that financial services and huge players in the industrial sector would carry out on a threat to leave the UK.

Take Airbus UK, a company which employs 15,000 people, its president, Paul Kahn, says he wouldn't necessarily pull out of the UK, but long term investment would come under threat.

"The biggest issue we have with Brexit is that we just don't know what out looks like. So that's where the short-term uncertainty happens. And as soon as you create that uncertainty then that starts to affect long-term decisions. So the impact that I worry about is the long-term impact, he says.

"And that lack of investment, once the investment is made somewhere else that is it. The investment isn't going to be taken away from the other country it goes to so we will have lost out for a generation so that really becomes an issue for our children and our children's children about what sort of jobs we have, what sort of economy we have, how balanced is that economy, do we make things."

But those for Brexit say that EU regulation has hindered business, and that leaving the EU may create more jobs, as well as arguing that lower migration could push wages up.

JD Wetherspoon pub chain owner and founder Tim Martin who employs 37,500 people sees the European Union as "fundamentally undemocratic" and has been campaigning hard to leave the EU.

He donated 200,000 pounds (284,000 US dollars) to the official leave campaign and is distributing anti-remain beer mats and magazines arguing for Brexit in his 900 pubs up and down the country.

"If we have democracy, we will do really well. We will be able to sort all the other problems out and there is no reason why we can't be a more prosperous country," he says. "We will have more money because we won't be paying so much into the EU, and it will unleash great entrepreneurial forces within the country."

Not all his staff agree. Alex Papa is a 21 year old student from Rome studying international business at Birkbeck University, College of London, and has been working behind the bar at a branch JD Wetherspoon for a year. He says he is worried about a leave vote from "an economic point of view, and especially for a personal point of view."

"If I ever wanted my child or my family to come here one day in order to divide (share) their life with me, that would be impossible," he says.

Specialist in the EU job market Swati Dhingra of the London School Economics also worries about the implication of a leave vote, saying that her analysis shows that reduced trade and investment with the EU could leave to a five percent contraction in the British economy, leading to a loss of over 300-thousand jobs.

She also argues against those in the leave camp who tie UK unemployment to migration levels, the long standing view of many Brexiters, including UK Independence Party leader and EU lawmaker Nigel Farage.

"We know population growth also has increases in demand which also ends up contributing to economic growth. So what we expect from migration is a very similar kind of story which is you've got access to people who are well educated often or whose education was something you didn't contribute and now they're coming into your country. So they end up creating jobs, they end up also not taking away jobs from British workers, and the main reason is in a growing economy there is room for everybody," she says.

The uncertainty over the result of the EU referendum remains with some polls showing a majority of British voters are in favour of leaving, while others point toward the opposite scenario.

AP TELEVISION

London - 27 May 2016

1. Various of Italian student and barman Alex Papa pulling pint of London Pride beer at Baker street JD Wetherspoon pub

2. Pan from fruit machine to booklet in all JD Wetherspoon pubs on referendum called "In or Out - you decide."

3. JD Wetherspoon owner and founder Tim Martin drinking half pint at bar

4. Pull focus into European beer pumps

5. Wetherspoon referendum booklet

6. SOUNDBITE (English) Tim Martin, JD Wetherspoon owner and founder:

"The economist have got it wrong. They've got it wrong of the Euro because they didn't concentrate on the big picture. And the big picture is you can't have a currency without a government. It doesn't work. This time, they're again not concentrating on the big picture. Democracy, freedom, prosperity is the big picture. And they're turning it around as they did with the Euro and looking at micro issues which are very secondary. If we have democracy, we will do really well. We will be able to sort all the other problems out and there's no reason why we can't be a prosperous country. We will have more money because we won't be paying so much into the EU, and it will unleash great entrepreneurial forces within the country."

7. Papa behind the bar pulling pint

8. Close of Papa's face

9. SOUNDBITE (English) Alex Papa, 21-year-old student from Rome, studying international business at Birkbeck College, University of London, and has been working in JD Wetherspoon for a year:

"I came here in order to start my university, and work part time in order to better myself. And I discovered in this country, there is these possibilities, opportunities that my country didn't give to me. I am worried about exit of Britain in the European Union from an economic point of view, and especially for a personal point of view. If I ever wanted my child or my family to come here one day in order to divide (share) their life with me, that would be impossible."

10. Various of people at bar

11. SOUNDBITE (English) Craig Milligan, 33-year-old builder from London:

"Definitely out. 100 percent out. Yes, at the moment I feel there are threats getting made by the government, and I don't believe a word of it at the moment. I see out as always the best way. At the moment we have got too many bureaucrats in Europe telling us exactly what we've got to do, and when we've got to do it, and I don't think we're able to govern our own country any more to be honest."

AIRBUS VNR

UK (Exact location unknown) - Date unavailable

12. Various of people working in an Airbus factory

AP TELEVISION

London – 13 June 2016

13. Set up of Paul Kahn, Airbus UK President

14. SOUNDBITE (English) Paul Kahn, Airbus UK President:

"The biggest issue we have with Brexit is that we just don't know what out looks like. So that's where the short-term uncertainty happens. And as soon as you create that uncertainty then that starts to affect long-term decisions. So the impact that I worry about is the long-term impact. And that lack of investment, once the investment is made somewhere else that is it. The investment isn't going to be taken away from the other country it goes to so we will have lost out for a generation so that really becomes an issue for our children and our children's children about what sort of jobs we have, what sort of economy do we have, how balanced is that economy, do we make things."

AIRBUS VNR

UK (Exact location unknown) - Date unavailable

15. Various of people working in an Airbus factory

AP TELEVISION

London – 13 June 2016

16. SOUNDBITE (English) Paul Kahn, Airbus UK President:

"In Airbus Group we make things that fly and we're very proud of that and we're very good at it. But that comes from a regulatory environment that is integrated, it's a European regulatory environment. We do things once to one standard so if you introduce a British standard as well as a European standard then that makes things more complicated it doesn't make things simpler and that's the environment we are in."

17. Airbus model on desk

AP TELEVISION

London - 27 May 2016

18. Various set ups of Swati Dhingra, assistant professor of economics at the London School of Economics and co-author of report on Life Outside the EU

19. SOUNDBITE (English) Swati Dhingra, Assistant Professor of economics at the London School of Economics and co-author of report on Life Outside the EU:

"British economy would contract about five percent, we would see about a five percent loss in the British GDP primarily because there would be reduced trade and investment with the European Union and potentially with the rest of the world as we loose access to the European market. So roughly what translates into would be somewhere in the order of 300-thousand job loss which is what many reports have given, the number. So we would see because of the contraction in the British economy an impact on jobs available to British workers."

20. Dhingra looking at her own report on immigration and Brexit on computer screen

21. SOUNDBITE (English) Swati Dhingra, Assistant Professor of economics at the London School of Economics and co-author of report on Life Outside the EU:

"We know population growth also has increases in demand and which also ends up contributing to economic growth. So what we expect from migration is a very similar kind of story, which is you've got access to people who are well educated often or whose education was something you didn't contribute to and now they're coming into your country. So they end up creating jobs, they end up also not taking away jobs from British workers, and the main reason is in a growing economy there is room for everybody."

22. Papa pulling pint in the pub

23. Tilt up to In or Out sign

UK Liberal Democrat MP and former deputy prime minister Nick Clegg has welcomed a Supreme Court ruling that parliament should be consulted before government triggers article 50 to leave the European Union.

Clegg said a referendum should also be held on the terms of leaving the EU, and that he will vote against the triggering of article 50 unless that is given.

He also criticised Prime Minister Theresa May for allowing the case to get to the courts at the expense of tax payers.

Brussels - 24 January 2017

1. Nick Clegg speaking to a reporter

2. SOUNDBITE (English) Nick Clegg, UK MP for Sheffield Hallam:

"This court case should never have been dragged through the courts in the first place. A great tax payer's expense and the only person to blame for that is (UK Prime Minister) Theresa May. I still don't know why she contested the simple idea that MPs should be able to hold the government of the day to account and I now hope that MPs will go a step further and give the British people the say that is rightfully theirs on any final deal on Brexit as it emerges in the years ahead."

3. Cutaway of Clegg speaking to reporter

4. SOUNDBITE (English) Nick Clegg, UK MP for Sheffield Hallam:

"So clearly because the labour party have already given the government a blank check and said that they will support article 50, come what may, there's no threat to the government's plans to trigger article 50 but the terms in which they do that could be subject to amendment by MPs and I do hope that MPs will pluck up the courage, now they have been given the right to have a say about this whole process, to also give the people a say on the final Brexit deal as it emerges in years ahead."

5. Cutaway of camera

6. SOUNDBITE (English) Nick Clegg, UK MP for Sheffield Hallam:

"Yes I think we need a referendum which wouldn't be a second referendum, it would be the first referendum on what life outside the European Union actually looks like. Because of course British voters voted on a basis that they were gonna get 350 million pounds (435 million USD) for their NHS every week, a VAT cut, that our borders will become impenetrable, that we would live in an economic paradise and I think it is very important that the British people do have another say, and have another look at this, when of course it will become obvious that many of the commitments made by the Brexiteers before the referendum are simply not going to come about."

7. Clegg speaking at a conference

8. SOUNDBITE (English) Nick Clegg, UK MP for Sheffield Hallam:

"Unless the government concedes a new deal for the British people so that the British people have a say over the final arrangements between the UK and the EU I will vote against the article 50 because I don't think it is right for the decision on the final shape of any Brexit deal to be decided only by politicians. I think the British public should be let in to that decision as well."

9. Clegg speaking at a conference

Thousands of British expatriates have learned to love the pleasure the Portuguese sunshine and the easier lifestyle, but with the so called "Brexit" on the horizon, a cloud of uncertainty is taking shape in the Algarve's blue skies. What will happen if Britain votes to leave the European Union in a June referendum?

The UK and Portugal are both part of the 28 countries making up the bloc.

EU laws stipulate that the bloc's citizens have the same rights as those nationals in any other member nation.

The impending ballot has brought questions and concerns for the British expats about what might happen if they no longer belong to the EU.

Would the so-called 'Brexit' bring different rules for their property ownerships and taxation, as well as inheritance rights?

Will British expats still be entitled to local welfare benefits and free public health services?

Would they still be able to have automatic residence and work permits?

In Vilamoura, where many expatriates live in extensive condominiums, the Lawn Bowls green showcases one of Britain's most genteel sports.

The Vilamoura Lawn Bowls Club has around 40 members who play three-hour games, and there is enough interest in the sport from Britons living along Portugal's southern Algarve coastline to sustain eight lawn bowls clubs which now play in two leagues.

For John Hewitson, who retired out here with his wife 15 years ago and lives off his British old-age pension, the immediate worry is the exchange rate.

The British pound has weakened recently as markets fret over the referendum.

If sterling drops to parity with the shared euro currency, which Portugal uses, it "would be a disaster for pensioners," he says.

Campaigners who want the UK out of the EU say they are fed up with, among other things, immigrants having access to often overstretched British welfare benefits and public services.

The House of Commons library calculates there are around three (m) million EU migrants living in the UK.

Peter Booker, who retired with his schoolteacher wife to Tavira in the eastern Algarve 17 years ago after a three-decade career in the British coal industry, founded the Algarve History Association, which encourages expatriates to learn about Portugal.

Booker rejects the benefits argument, saying reciprocity is fair and right.

He said he benefits in Portugal ... and the Portuguese benefit in Britain. That, he said, is right and it should remain like that.

Sheila MacDonald a retired Scottish woman, lives in Tavira Garden, a condominium set around a large swimming pool, in the town of the same name, that is home to dozens of expatriates.

She came for the healthy climate and belongs to expat clubs that study books, music and archaeology.

She worries about welfare and "this whole business of 'no welfare for people who are emigrating into Great Britain," and asks about the "Brits who have emigrated into the EU."

Sixty-year-old Michael Wood says the Portuguese Health Service has been a good friend to him as well, with prices "next to nothing" when compared to Britain.

Wood does not consider returning anytime soon.

"Why? Why would I want to?" He says with a smile.

Britain's House of Commons library estimates there are roughly 1.2 (m) million British migrants living in other EU countries, especially France, Spain and Portugal.

Analysts reckon, however, the true number could be at least double that and maybe a lot more because many people don't bother registering with their embassies or local authorities.

Thousands of British expatriates have learned to love the pleasure the Portuguese sunshine and the easier lifestyle, but with the so called "Brexit" on the horizon, a cloud of uncertainty is taking shape in the Algarve's blue skies. What will happen if Britain votes to leave the European Union in a June referendum?

The UK and Portugal are both part of the 28 countries making up the bloc.

EU laws stipulate that the bloc's citizens have the same rights as those nationals in any other member nation.

The impending ballot has brought questions and concerns for the British expats about what might happen if they no longer belong to the EU.

Would the so-called 'Brexit' bring different rules for their property ownerships and taxation, as well as inheritance rights?

Will British expats still be entitled to local welfare benefits and free public health services?

Would they still be able to have automatic residence and work permits?

In Vilamoura, where many expatriates live in extensive condominiums, the Lawn Bowls green showcases one of Britain's most genteel sports.

The Vilamoura Lawn Bowls Club has around 40 members who play three-hour games, and there is enough interest in the sport from Britons living along Portugal's southern Algarve coastline to sustain eight lawn bowls clubs which now play in two leagues.

For John Hewitson, who retired out here with his wife 15 years ago and lives off his British old-age pension, the immediate worry is the exchange rate.

The British pound has weakened recently as markets fret over the referendum.

If sterling drops to parity with the shared euro currency, which Portugal uses, it "would be a disaster for pensioners," he says.

Campaigners who want the UK out of the EU say they are fed up with, among other things, immigrants having access to often overstretched British welfare benefits and public services.

The House of Commons library calculates there are around three (m) million EU migrants living in the UK.

Peter Booker, who retired with his schoolteacher wife to Tavira in the eastern Algarve 17 years ago after a three-decade career in the British coal industry, founded the Algarve History Association, which encourages expatriates to learn about Portugal.

Booker rejects the benefits argument, saying reciprocity is fair and right.

He said he benefits in Portugal ... and the Portuguese benefit in Britain. That, he said, is right and it should remain like that.

Sheila MacDonald a retired Scottish woman, lives in Tavira Garden, a condominium set around a large swimming pool, in the town of the same name, that is home to dozens of expatriates.

She came for the healthy climate and belongs to expat clubs that study books, music and archaeology.

She worries about welfare and "this whole business of 'no welfare for people who are emigrating into Great Britain," and asks about the "Brits who have emigrated into the EU."

Sixty-year-old Michael Wood says the Portuguese Health Service has been a good friend to him as well, with prices "next to nothing" when compared to Britain.

Wood does not consider returning anytime soon.

"Why? Why would I want to?" He says with a smile.

Britain's House of Commons library estimates there are roughly 1.2 (m) million British migrants living in other EU countries, especially France, Spain and Portugal.

Analysts reckon, however, the true number could be at least double that and maybe a lot more because many people don't bother registering with their embassies or local authorities.

Vilamoura - 1 March 2016

1. Pensioners playing a game of bowls known as 'woods' at the lawn bowls green of Vilamoura

2. Players and score board marker

3. Set up shot for pensioner John Hewitson

4. SOUNDBITE (English) John Hewitson, 73-year-old pensioner:

"All pensions are paid into the UK and it comes out here in Euros. We went through a good patch and then we come through a bad patch. I think if UK did come out of the Eurozone (referring to the European Union) I think it would mean that the pound is fluctuating again quite a lot before it stabilises and it could stabilise the wrong way and go nearer the one to one, I suppose, which would be a disaster for the pensioners."

5. Wide of lawn bowls green

Albufeira - 1 March 2016

6. Pan from ocean to beach

7. Various of restaurants in downtown Albufeira

8. Sign reading "English Breakfast"

9. Set up shot for pensioner Michael Wood pulling a pint

10. Close of pint of beer

11. SOUNDBITE (English) Michael Wood, 60-year-old pensioner and pub owner:

"I go to see the doctor and it costs me five Euros. I go to the Emergency and it costs me 15 Euros. I don't mind paying five Euros or 15 Euros because you know you're going to get seen straight away, within half-an-hour or maybe within an hour. You're not sitting there for eight or nine hours and if it is an emergency you're straight in anyway. And of course the cost of prescriptions - next to nothing, really."

12. Close of logo on Wood's shirt

13. SOUNDBITE (English) Michael Wood, 60-year-old pensioner and pub owner:

"People say, 'would you ever go back to England?' I say, 'Why?' Why would I want to? I'm quite happy here."

Tavira - 2 March 2016

14. Sign of Tavira Garden, residential and holiday complex

15. Mid of swimming pool

16. Set up shot for pensioner Sheila MacDonald

17. SOUNDBITE (English) Sheila MacDonald, 79-year-old Pensioner:

"We're concerned about GP services here. Are we going to be entitled to it? In theory, if they are going to prevent this whole business of 'no welfare for people who are emigrating into Great Britain', then what about the Brits who have emigrated into the EU?"

Olhao - 2 March 2016

18. Various of Olhao dock

19. Set up shot for pensioner Peter Booker

20. SOUNDBITE (English) Peter Booker, pensioner and founder of Algarve History Association:

"The agreements with the European Union mean free movement of labour and people within the Union. I don't see what's wrong with that happening. I benefit here in Portugal, Portuguese benefit in Britain and I think that that is right, it should remain like that and I don't see any justification for altering those rules."

21. Various of news stand with British papers

Albufeira - 1 March 2016

22. Various of Albufeira beach

The result of the Referendum on European Union membership in the UK has revamped Euroscepticism in Denmark.

In a second-hand shop in Kaas, anti-EU supporters raised money for the political association, People's Movement against the EU.

Volunteer and anti-EU advocate Lis Jensen said that the UK's recent decision could be "the first step for Denmark to leave the European Union".

However, research fellow at the Danish Institute of International Studies Christine Nissen said in Copenhagen, that many Danes were "not interested in having a referendum on EU membership because the general feeling is that Denmark is better off inside the EU, and we shouldn't jeopardise that by having a vote."

Denmark joined the EU along with the UK in 1973 and like Britain it remained outside the Euro and negotiated opt outs, excluding it from some EU decisions.

In December 2015, the Danes rejected a government proposal of adopting EU rules on cross-border policing in a referendum that could have resulted in the country forming closer ties with the bloc.

The result of the Referendum on European Union membership in the UK has revamped Euroscepticism in Denmark.

In a second-hand shop in Kaas, anti-EU supporters raised money for the political association, People's Movement against the EU.

Volunteer and anti-EU advocate Lis Jensen said that the UK's recent decision could be "the first step for Denmark to leave the European Union".

However, research fellow at the Danish Institute of International Studies Christine Nissen said in Copenhagen, that many Danes were "not interested in having a referendum on EU membership because the general feeling is that Denmark is better off inside the EU, and we shouldn't jeopardise that by having a vote."

Denmark joined the EU along with the UK in 1973 and like Britain it remained outside the Euro and negotiated opt outs, excluding it from some EU decisions.

In December 2015, the Danes rejected a government proposal of adopting EU rules on cross-border policing in a referendum that could have resulted in the country forming closer ties with the bloc.

Kaas, Aalborg - 2 July, 2016

1. Close of sign on the window reading (Danish): "Well done Great Britain!"

2. Danish flag waving, exterior of the shop, reading (Danish): "People's Movement against the EU"

3. Various of shop

4. SOUNDBITE (English) Lis Jensen, supporter of the People's Movement against the EU:

"That might be the first step for Denmark to leave the European Union. We are collecting rights (names) too, because we want to vote in Denmark too, vote to leave, vote to stay in the EU. And we have lots of lists (of name') that we send to the government in Denmark to press them to get a referendum."

5. Jensen inviting customers to sign the petition

6. Close of hand writing on names' list, reading (Danish): "We want to vote too - the EU has changed since we joined in 1972. It is time we are asked again - we demand to vote on EU now!"

7. Jensen and customers signing the petition talking

8. Sign on the shop's window reading (Danish): "Brexit - EU out - Out of the EU - We want to vote - put your name in the shop if you want to leave."

9. SOUNDBITE (English) Lis Jensen, supporter of the People's Movement against the EU:

"We want to cooperate with the whole world not only with a few European countries and we don't want to be ordered to do this or to do that from Brussels or anywhere."

10. Various of fields, house and a wind turbine

Copenhagen - 3 July, 2016

11. Tilt from boat in the canal to parliament building

12. Danish flags waiving on top of buildings

13. "Danske Bank" building

14. Christine Nissen (right) talking with friend

15. SOUNDBITE (English) Christine Nissen, Research fellow at Danish Institute of International Studies:

"The difference between Denmark, the Danish Euroscepticism and the British one is that the Danes do not want out of the EU, they want to stay in. They want less Europe in many respects but they want to stay in."

16. Various of canal

17. SOUNDBITE (English) Christine Nissen, Research fellow at Danish Institute of International Studies:

"I think it's also important to keep in mind that the majority of the Danish population is not interested in having a referendum on EU membership because the general feeling is that Denmark is better off inside the EU, and we shouldn't jeopardise that by having a vote. And I think that the Danes are also, as in many other member states, and not least the UK itself, is very surprised and shocked by what happened in the UK and they are not ready to jeopardise the Danish EU membership."

18. Various of canal

19. Danish flag waving

The Houses of Parliament - an iconic London site that attracts visitors from all over the world.

Tourism is now worth 22.1 billion pounds (32 billion US dollars) annually to the UK, according to Visit Britain, Britain's national tourism agency.

Visit Britain also said that last year there were 36.1 million tourist visits, with 67 percent from the European Union.

On 23 June, the UK will vote in a referendum whether to stay in or out of the EU and many in the tourist industry are concerned that a possible leave vote will jeopardise the European holiday market.

One of those is Kyle Haughton, managing director of City Cruises.

His cruise ships carry 6 million passengers a year - in the height of summer 60 percent are from abroad, the majority from the EU.

Of the 240 staff that he employs, 50 percent are from outside the UK, mostly from the EU.

"Any change or decline in passengers coming into the country is going to affect our business quite lot and there are reports that people in Germany, Italy and France are less likely to come to the UK if we leave the EU than if we stay."

His fears are backed up by UK Inbound, which represents 360 tourist businesses.

Deidre Wells, chief executive of UKinbound has called leaving the EU "economic suicide."

"Why would you remove yourself from a market that provides two thirds of our business for our members," she said.

Tourists had mixed views about a UK "brexit".

Marco Ghiribelli, an Italian tourist, said he thought the UK would be economically better outside.

"It's not economically convenient for the UK to stay in the EU. Brexit makes sense economically as the UK economy is stronger than most of the EU countries."

Others such as Babette Pascalev, a tourist from Germany, said: "I think it is hard now because the idea is to get Europe together not apart."

But others say a Brexit would not make any difference to the tourism business.

They say nothing will change.

Alexander Goransson, travel analyst at Euromonitor International believes the expected drop in sterling following a brexit vote would attract tourists due to an increased spending power.

"In the short term I would expect to see a depreciation of the pound which will have both a positive and negative impact on tourism. UK tourists would be less likely to travel abroad and stay at home, whereas on the other hand the UK would actually become a more attractive destination for inbound tourists as prices would be relatively cheaper."

But most people in the tourist industry are hoping for a remain vote on June 23.

The Houses of Parliament - an iconic London site that attracts visitors from all over the world.

Tourism is now worth 22.1 billion pounds (32 billion US dollars) annually to the UK, according to Visit Britain, Britain's national tourism agency.

Visit Britain also said that last year there were 36.1 million tourist visits, with 67 percent from the European Union.

On 23 June, the UK will vote in a referendum whether to stay in or out of the EU and many in the tourist industry are concerned that a possible leave vote will jeopardise the European holiday market.

One of those is Kyle Haughton, managing director of City Cruises.

His cruise ships carry 6 million passengers a year - in the height of summer 60 percent are from abroad, the majority from the EU.

Of the 240 staff that he employs, 50 percent are from outside the UK, mostly from the EU.

"Any change or decline in passengers coming into the country is going to affect our business quite lot and there are reports that people in Germany, Italy and France are less likely to come to the UK if we leave the EU than if we stay."

His fears are backed up by UK Inbound, which represents 360 tourist businesses.

Deidre Wells, chief executive of UKinbound has called leaving the EU "economic suicide."

"Why would you remove yourself from a market that provides two thirds of our business for our members," she said.

Tourists had mixed views about a UK "brexit".

Marco Ghiribelli, an Italian tourist, said he thought the UK would be economically better outside.

"It's not economically convenient for the UK to stay in the EU. Brexit makes sense economically as the UK economy is stronger than most of the EU countries."

Others such as Babette Pascalev, a tourist from Germany, said: "I think it is hard now because the idea is to get Europe together not apart."

But others say a Brexit would not make any difference to the tourism business.

They say nothing will change.

Alexander Goransson, travel analyst at Euromonitor International believes the expected drop in sterling following a brexit vote would attract tourists due to an increased spending power.

"In the short term I would expect to see a depreciation of the pound which will have both a positive and negative impact on tourism. UK tourists would be less likely to travel abroad and stay at home, whereas on the other hand the UK would actually become a more attractive destination for inbound tourists as prices would be relatively cheaper."

But most people in the tourist industry are hoping for a remain vote on June 23.

London - 2 June 2016

1. Houses of Parliament seen from a river cruise boat

2. Woman taking picture of the Houses of Parliament

3. The London Eye seen from a river cruise boat

4. Part of the London Eye

5. Woman taking photo

6. People on board the river cruise boat

7. St Paul's Cathedral and other buildings

8. River cruise boat approaching Tower Bridge

9. Set up of Kyle Haughton, managing director of City Cruises

10. SOUNDBITE (English) Kyle Haughton, managing director of City Cruises:

"At City Cruises we carry 4 million passengers a year and over half of them come from overseas, the majority of which coming from EU countries, so any change or decline in passengers coming into the country is going to affect our business quite lot and there are reports that people in Germany, Italy and France are less likely to come to the UK if we leave the EU than if we stay."

London - 1 June 2016

11. Various of Deidre Wells, chief executive of UKinbound, at her desk

12. SOUNDBITE (English) Deidre Wells, chief executive of UKinbound:

"I've described it as economic suicide in the past. Why would you deliberately remove yourself from a market that provides two thirds of our business for our members."

London - 2 June 2016

13. People on board the river cruise boat with the Shard in the background

14. Set up of French tourist Kahina Berroua

15. SOUNDBITE (French) Kahina Berroua, French tourist:

"I will be sad. The UK has a lot of power in Europe so it won't be the same."

16. Various of tourists inside the river cruise boat

17. Set up of Marco Ghiribelli, Italian tourist

18. SOUNDBITE (Italian) Marco Ghiribelli, Italian tourist:

"It's not economically convenient for the UK to stay in the EU. Brexit makes sense economically as the UK economy is stronger than most of the EU countries."

19. SOUNDBITE (German) Babette Pascalev, tourist from Germany:

"I think it is hard now because the idea is to get Europe together not apart."

20. Houses of Parliament with open top tourist bus driving past

21. Union Jack flag on top of the Houses of Parliament

22. People on open top bus driving past the Houses of Parliament

23. People on bus

24. People on bus driving past flags

25. Various of Alexander Goransson, travel analyst at Euromonitor International, on laptop

26. SOUNDBITE Alexander Goransson, travel analyst at Euromonitor International:

"In the short term I would expect to see a depreciation of the pound which will have both a positive and negative impact on tourism. UK tourists would be less likely to travel abroad and stay at home, whereas on the other hand the UK would actually become a more attractive destination for inbound tourists as prices would be relatively cheaper."

27. People on open top bus

28. View of London black cabs and Union Jack flags

Welsh and Northern Ireland football fans in France for Euro 2016 are divided between disappointment and resignation after the referendum in which Great Britain voted to leave the European Union.

Welsh and Northern Ireland football fans in France for Euro 2016 are divided between disappointment and resignation after the referendum in which Great Britain voted to leave the European Union.

Paris - 25 June 2016

1. Mid of bracelet shown by Welsh supporters with the inscription: "Together stronger"

2. Wide of same

3. Various of supporters chanting, cheering and walking towards Parc de Princes stadium to watch Wales vs Northern Ireland

4. SOUNDBITE (English) Nigel Griffith, Wales supporter:

"The reason why so many people in Britain voted against remaining in the EU, I think it was based on their want to reduce immigration to the UK which I just think is a crazy thing."

5. Cutaway of supporters walking on the street

6. SOUNDBITE (English) Josh Veasuy, Welsh supporter :

"Brexit? Terrible. Sad, sad day. Sad, sad day for the UK."

7. Cutaway of supporters drinking in front of the bar

8. SOUNDBITE (English) James Christopher, Welsh supporter :

"We're better together. There is no point in not having unity. I think we came so far since WWII and worked together... Brexit is bad."

9. Wide of supporters in front of a bar

10. SOUNDBITE (English) James Patterson, Northern Ireland supporter :

"Europe may punish us. They might make an example for the Netherlands pulling out, possibly France pulling out, so they may punish us, so we'll see. We'll see what punishment is for being naughty."

11. Various of supporters

12. SOUNDBITE (English) Greg Conor, North Ireland supporter :

" Brexit means... I'm on my holidays and I don't really care. But it's nice to see that everyone cares in the world...green and white army... thank you, have a good day."

13. Various of supporters queuing and being controlled by the police at the entry of the stadium

14. SOUNDBITE (English) Shaun Jenkins, supporter of Wales :

"Yesterday it was a very difficult day. It was very disheartening what happened yesterday but it's time now to move on. The decision's been made, the UK has been dealt what will happen over the next few years and we now have to move on and make the best what we can of that situation. It's unfortunate but that's what happened."

15. Various of supporters cheering and chanting

16. SOUNDBITE (English) Simon Stur, Supporter from Northern Ireland

"Europe is broken. Control your own borders, control your own country, fix your own house before you can fix the rest."

17. Various of supporters cheering, approaching stadium, being controlled by police

A top European human rights official has described the use of anti-migrant rhetoric by some British politicians ahead of the 23 June referendum on European Union membership as "out of control."

Nils Muiznieks, the Council of Europe's Commissioner for Human Rights, warned that it could make the use of racist language more acceptable across continent.

Speaking during a visit to Greece on Friday, Muiznieks said that the rhetoric used in Britain had been "very scary."

Migration was a central issue during the referendum campaign before British voters opted to leave the EU.

Muiznieks said he was also worried about the language against migrants being used by politicians in Hungary ahead of a 2 October referendum there on EU settlement quotas.

A top European human rights official has described the use of anti-migrant rhetoric by some British politicians ahead of the 23 June referendum on European Union membership as "out of control."

Nils Muiznieks, the Council of Europe's Commissioner for Human Rights, warned that it could make the use of racist language more acceptable across continent.

Speaking during a visit to Greece on Friday, Muiznieks said that the rhetoric used in Britain had been "very scary."

Migration was a central issue during the referendum campaign before British voters opted to leave the EU.

Muiznieks said he was also worried about the language against migrants being used by politicians in Hungary ahead of a 2 October referendum there on EU settlement quotas.

Athens, 8 July 2016

1. Wide of news conference room

2. Close-up annual activity report 2015

3. Nils Muiznieks, the Council of Europe's Commissioner for Human Rights arriving at news conference

4. SOUNDBITE (English) Nils Muiznieks, Council of Europe's Commissioner for Human Rights:

"The debate surrounding Brexit was very scary because you had racist rhetoric about migrants and migration from the highest political levels in the UK months ago. We wrote a long memorandum to the UK government on this, on migration policy but specifically on the language that they are using, which is very stigmatizing towards migrants. But then in the run-up to the referendum itself, the last two months in particular, you had a huge spike in hate speech."

5. Close-up of pen in Muiznieks' hand

6. Journalist at news conference

7. SOUNDBITE (English) Nils Muiznieks, Council of Europe's Commissioner for Human Rights:

"And what did it lead to? It lead to a huge spike in hate crimes and hate incidents right after the referendum. So words matter. Discourse matters. It sends signals of what is acceptable and what is not acceptable behaviour and we saw In the UK the consequence of this discourse which got out of control. And my concern is it sent a signal to right-wing populists all over Europe about the ease which with one can manipulate this discourse for political gain."

8. Journalist typing on laptop

9. Muiznieks speaks with journalist

Fears of "Brexit" are stark among the inhabitants of Blacklion in the Republic of Ireland and Belcoo in Northern Ireland, UK - two border villages that could be further separated if the United Kingdom opts to leave the European Union.

Only a gurgling stream separates the two villages, but Ireland's soft border could become a hard fact of life again if the United Kingdom leaves the European Union, the sovereignty-sharing bloc that has done much to blur the 95-year-old boundary.

Should a majority of British voters reject continued EU membership in the UK's June 23 referendum, Northern Ireland's nearly 500-kilometre (310-mile) frontier with the Irish Republic would become the only British land border with the 27-nation EU.

The closely intertwined residents of Belcoo in Northern Ireland and Blacklion barely 200 metres (218 yards) away in the republic would find themselves again in two diverging lands.

While some view that prospect as an opportunity, many more express dread at the thought.

Farmer Hugh Maguire, 60, whose Blacklion home rests barely inside the republic but whose nearby farm of sheep, cattle and hens lies in Northern Ireland, said he could not survive without EU subsidies.

Both communities are heavily dependent on EU funding. Agriculture is the top employer, and farms receive 329 euros (365 US dollars) per hectare of land from the EU's Single Farm Payment subsidy scheme in place since 2003, an annual payment exceeding 80,000 euros (90,000 US dollars) for Maguire's 241-hectare farm.

Few Northern Ireland farmers are confident that the British government, long a critic of EU farm subsidies, would maintain anything close to that level of state support.

Maguire estimates that EU payments provide two-thirds of his income while most of the rest requires open market access to livestock marts in the republic, where prices for spring lamb are stronger.

Behind the bar in 'Jack's Bar' in Belcoo in Northern Ireland, owner Paul Leonard and his son Stephen look likely to cancel each other's votes. The son favors staying in the EU, while the father is eyeing the exit.

Fears of "Brexit" are stark among the inhabitants of Blacklion in the Republic of Ireland and Belcoo in Northern Ireland, UK - two border villages that could be further separated if the United Kingdom opts to leave the European Union.

Only a gurgling stream separates the two villages, but Ireland's soft border could become a hard fact of life again if the United Kingdom leaves the European Union, the sovereignty-sharing bloc that has done much to blur the 95-year-old boundary.

Should a majority of British voters reject continued EU membership in the UK's June 23 referendum, Northern Ireland's nearly 500-kilometre (310-mile) frontier with the Irish Republic would become the only British land border with the 27-nation EU.

The closely intertwined residents of Belcoo in Northern Ireland and Blacklion barely 200 metres (218 yards) away in the republic would find themselves again in two diverging lands.

While some view that prospect as an opportunity, many more express dread at the thought.

Farmer Hugh Maguire, 60, whose Blacklion home rests barely inside the republic but whose nearby farm of sheep, cattle and hens lies in Northern Ireland, said he could not survive without EU subsidies.

Both communities are heavily dependent on EU funding. Agriculture is the top employer, and farms receive 329 euros (365 US dollars) per hectare of land from the EU's Single Farm Payment subsidy scheme in place since 2003, an annual payment exceeding 80,000 euros (90,000 US dollars) for Maguire's 241-hectare farm.

Few Northern Ireland farmers are confident that the British government, long a critic of EU farm subsidies, would maintain anything close to that level of state support.

Maguire estimates that EU payments provide two-thirds of his income while most of the rest requires open market access to livestock marts in the republic, where prices for spring lamb are stronger.

Behind the bar in 'Jack's Bar' in Belcoo in Northern Ireland, owner Paul Leonard and his son Stephen look likely to cancel each other's votes. The son favors staying in the EU, while the father is eyeing the exit.

AP TELEVISION

Blacklion, Republic of Ireland - 24 May 2016

1. Farmer Hugh Maguire with a calf and cows on pasture

2. Close of calf

3. Sheep running on pasture

4. Maguire, pointing to horizon UPSOUND (English): "Right around the borderline of the mountain, right the way on, you can see parts of Southern Ireland."

5. Sheep grazing

6. SOUNDBITE (English) Hugh Maguire, farmer:

"Probably 70 percent of my income is off it, 65 to 70 percent is from the EU (European Union). We couldn't survive only for the subsidies. There is no way we could survive, especially on this land that we're farming."

7. Maguire leaving farm through gate

AP TELEVISION

Belcoo, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom (UK) - 24 May 2016

8. Bridge leading from Belcoo, Northern Ireland (UK) to Blacklion, Republic of Ireland, with sign reading (English and Gaelic) "Welcome to County Cavan"

9. Close of sign reading (English and Gaelic) "Blacklion" with speed limit in kilometres per hour

10. Bridge connecting Belcoo, Northern Ireland (UK) and Blacklion, Republic of Ireland

AP TELEVISION

Blacklion, Republic of Ireland - 24 May 2016

11. Sign of "The Market House" tourist centre and gift shop

12. Tourist administrator Helena Corcoran talking to colleague in tourist centre

13. Leprechaun puppets for sale in tourist centre

14. SOUNDBITE (English) Helena Corcoran, tourist administrator and local resident:

"We've had so much tragedy and grief along the border area, that I just feel and hope that they will stay in. My fear is, I suppose, that this border will appear and will make everyday life difficult for everybody basically, because this is the main road from North to South, from Sligo, and we get a lot of traffic, a lot of tourists, and we've already suffered enough in this area, so we don't need to suffer anymore."

15. Mug for sale with images of Ireland and reading (English) "Greetings from Ireland"

AP TELEVISION

Blacklion, Republic of Ireland - 25 May 2016

16. Top shot of bridge connecting Blacklion, Republic of Ireland and Belcoo, Northern Ireland (UK)

17. SOUNDBITE (English) John Paul Feeley, Cavan County councilman:

"Europe, and the structural funding and the peace funding have been hugely important in terms of giving areas like this the leg-up that they need to reach or to get into step with the rest of the country and progress economically."

AP TELEVISION

Belcoo, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom (UK) - 25 May 2016

18. Sign reading (English) Belcoo, with speed limit in miles per hour

19. Bartender Stephen Leonard carrying board out of pub "Jack's Bar"

20. Stephen Leonard serving guests inside pub

21. SOUNDBITE (English) Stephen Leonard, bartender:

"Behind the bar you hear both sides of the story, and you hear now a lot of things like there'll be borders back up, the police will be back out stopping and just all stuff like that, and I've never witnessed it, and I wouldn't like to witness it from what you've heard years ago."

22. Stephen Leonard talking to his father Paul Leonard

23. SOUNDBITE (English) Paul Leonard, self-employed pub owner:

"It probably would possibly enhance the economy again, maybe we'd be freer to be able to do things without the regulation of Europe, you know, so it would. At the end of the day, before the UK market ever went down to the EU, they have always had a very strong economy, they were always well able to survive. They have an identity of their own."

24. Paul Leonard pouring beer and handing glass to his son UPSOUND (English): "Hey Stephen, that's for you."

25. Stephen Leonard drinking beer in pub

26. Pan from river to bridge between Blacklion, Republic of Ireland and Belcoo, Northern Ireland (UK)

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London, 3 November, 2016

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1. SOUNDBITE (English) Liam Fox, International Trade Secretary ++OVER FEW ANGLES++

"Mr. Speaker, the government is disappointed by the court's judgement. The country voted to leave the European Union in a referendum approved by Acts of Parliament. The government is determined to respect the result of the referendum. This judgment raises important and complex matters of law and it's right that we consider it carefully before deciding how to proceed."

(+++ WHITE FLASH +++)

AP TELEVISION - CLIENTS ONLY

London, 3 November, 2016

2. SOUNDBITE: (English) Gina Miller, financial entrepreneur, lead claimant:

"I think at the end of day the days of victory are always great but it's actually the days after that count and it's now to the government what they do and I hope the MPs will do their job and actually debate this in a sober, grown up way because leading up to the vote we did not have sober, honest, rational debates so it's now over to the politicians."

(+++ WHITE FLASH +++)

3. SOUNDBITE: (English) David Greene, senior partner and head of group action litigation at London law firm Edwin Coe, and Dominic Chambers QC:

"I'm going to make a statement on behalf of our client Mr (Deir Dos) Santos, and he wants to say this. 'Today's judgement is a victory for everyone who believes in the supremacy of parliamentary democracy. I want to thank everyone, including my legal team. I've never challenged the result of the referendum, in fact I voted for Brexit in the referendum for the sole reason that I wanted power to be returned from Europe to the British parliament. But I did not think it was right for the government just to bypass parliament and try to take away my legal rights without consulting parliament first. So just four days after the referendum I started these proceedings and I am grateful to the court for the result we've had today. This is a victory for parliamentary democracy."

STORYLINE:

In a major blow for Britain's government, the High Court says the prime minister can't trigger the U.K.'s exit from the European Union without approval from Parliament.

The government is likely to appeal Thursday's ruling to the Supreme Court.

Plans for Brexit are being challenged in a case with major constitutional implications, hinging on the balance of power between Parliament and the government.

Prime Minister Theresa May has said she will launch exit negotiations with the EU by March 31. She is relying on a power called the royal prerogative that lets the government withdraw from international treaties.

Claimants argue that leaving the EU will remove rights, including free movement within the bloc, and say that cannot be done without Parliament's approval.

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As Europe deals with the aftershocks of Britain's referendum vote to leave the European Union (EU), the president of the Calais region on Monday said he thought the Touquet agreement, which keeps border checks on the French side of the Channel, should be renegotiated as a consequence.

"The British wanted to regain their freedom? So they must take back their border. Because the situation has changed since the Le Touquet agreement," Xavier Bertrand said during to a visit to a factory in Isberques in the Pas-de-Calais region with French Economy Minister Emmanuel Macron.

Macron said he shared this view and earlier called for migrant camps in Calais to be moved across to the British side of the channel, following the vote to leave the EU.

Britons voted 52 to 48 per cent last Thursday in favour of ending their country's 43-year membership in the 28-nation bloc.

As Europe deals with the aftershocks of Britain's referendum vote to leave the European Union (EU), the president of the Calais region on Monday said he thought the Touquet agreement, which keeps border checks on the French side of the Channel, should be renegotiated as a consequence.

"The British wanted to regain their freedom? So they must take back their border. Because the situation has changed since the Le Touquet agreement," Xavier Bertrand said during to a visit to a factory in Isberques in the Pas-de-Calais region with French Economy Minister Emmanuel Macron.

Macron said he shared this view and earlier called for migrant camps in Calais to be moved across to the British side of the channel, following the vote to leave the EU.

Britons voted 52 to 48 per cent last Thursday in favour of ending their country's 43-year membership in the 28-nation bloc.

Isbergues , Pas-de-Calais 27 June 2016

1. Various of French Economy Minister Emmanuel Macron and Xavier Bertrand iarriving in Isbergues, talking with officials

2. Set up of Bertrand and Macron

3. SOUNDBITE (French) Xavier Bertrand, President of Hauts-de-France, and member of the Republicains Party:

"The situation is becoming unbearable. The migrant's tragedy cannot go on - this human tragedy. The economic tragedy that Calais is going through cannot go on forever. The harassment of police forces cannot go on forever. The British wanted to regain their freedom? So they must take back their border. Because the situation has changed since the Le Touquet agreement. There are tens of thousands of refugees today in the world. And a Europe that does not manage to pursue a policy that allows this to be regulated - there is no migrant in Calais who wants to stay in Calais. They want to go to England. So now England is to come up with the solution. I know that the minister has to obey government solidarity. But he was very clear a few months ago and Mr Cameron himself told that in case of Brexit, there would necessarily be a renegotiation."

4. Cutaway Bertrand and Macron

5. SOUNDBITE (French) Xavier Bertrand, President of Hauts-de-France, and member of the Republicains Party:

"Today we say to English people: it is your subject. It is your problem. We want to talk about this, we will sit down and discuss it. But we start from a basis: the Le Touquet agreement, as we say in the Picard language "that's over" (in English)"

6. Various of Macron being shown around a factory

7. SOUNDBITE (French) Emmanuel Macron, French Economy Minister:

"I am lucid about the situation. I share the observation of Xavier Bertrand; David Cameron indeed took an engagement when, in Amiens with the President of the Republic, they discussed the fact that Britain had to reconsider the issue. So I think that all this will have to be, even if the legal framework is different, part of this relationship. We also have to ask Britain how it can bring a more practical answer to this situation. There is sadly no perfect solution to this problem. But I do think that we can find better ones."

8. Various of Macron visiting a factory

A London-based online florist is cashing in on the UK's June 23 Europe referendum with their "Stay or Leaf" themed flowers.

Arenaflowers.com are offering a "Brexit Bouquet", and "Stronger In Arrangement."

"The flowers are doing incredibly well, they've taken us by storm," says John Hackettt, Managing Director of Arenaflowers.com.

"Fairly even polls so far, so we're finding that the 'brexit' bouquet is selling about 80 per cent at the rate of the remain bouquet."

Hackett is personally worried about a leave vote.

"As we look forward to build the business, expand the business, bringing new staff in, potentially from the Baltic states becomes more challenging," he says.

British voters are deciding in a June 23 referendum on whether or not to leave the 28-nation bloc - a move being called a "Brexit" for short.

UK Prime Minister David Cameron is leading the remain campaign in the EU.

Boris Johnson, the Conservative Party rebel, is to the forefront of the "leave" campaign - with one eye on his future as a possible successor to Cameron.

A London-based online florist is cashing in on the UK's June 23 Europe referendum with their "Stay or Leaf" themed flowers.

Arenaflowers.com are offering a "Brexit Bouquet", and "Stronger In Arrangement."

"The flowers are doing incredibly well, they've taken us by storm," says John Hackettt, Managing Director of Arenaflowers.com.

"Fairly even polls so far, so we're finding that the 'brexit' bouquet is selling about 80 per cent at the rate of the remain bouquet."

Hackett is personally worried about a leave vote.

"As we look forward to build the business, expand the business, bringing new staff in, potentially from the Baltic states becomes more challenging," he says.

British voters are deciding in a June 23 referendum on whether or not to leave the 28-nation bloc - a move being called a "Brexit" for short.

UK Prime Minister David Cameron is leading the remain campaign in the EU.

Boris Johnson, the Conservative Party rebel, is to the forefront of the "leave" campaign - with one eye on his future as a possible successor to Cameron.

London - 6 June 2016

1. Wide of Arena Flowers warehouse

2. Pan of pro-EU and pro-remain bouquets

3. Various of bouquets

4. SOUNDBITE (English): John Hackett, Managing Director, Arenaflowers.com

"The flowers are selling incredibly well, they've taken us by storm. Fairly even polls so far, so we're finding that the 'brexit' bouquet is selling about 80 per cent at the rate of the remain bouquet."

5. Various of assembling of the remain bouquet

6. Various of florist assembling leave bouquet

7. SOUNDBITE (English): John Hackett, Managing Director, Arenaflowers.com

"I think the biggest challenge for us would be staff. Fundamentally we have some brilliant florists who have trained for a number of years. Most of been with us for a decade since our inception and that sort of longevity is fantastic. But as we look to build the business, expand the business, bringing new staff in, potentially from the Baltic states becomes more challenging."

8. Various of bouquet assembling

When Britain decides this week whether to leave the European Union, London's voice may prove decisive. But for which side?

Britain's capital, home to almost nine million people, encompasses the most pro-EU place of the country, and the least.

In the cosmopolitan City financial district, where almost half a million people from around the globe work in Europe's biggest financial centre, pro-EU sentiment predominates.

But just a few miles away, the borough of Havering, stronghold of working-class East Enders, topped a national survey of the most anti-EU places in Britain.

The two districts represent the opposing views at the heart Britain's EU debate.

One sees the bloc’s free flow of people and money as a benefit. The other sees it as a threat.

Havering, a chunk of suburban Essex county absorbed into Greater London in 1965, is a workaday place of 20th-century houses and strips of shops on busy roads.

Many residents are Cockneys who moved out of London's East End in search of more space and quiet, or their children.

It's not the poorest part of London, nor the area with the most immigrants.

Havering is one of London's least ethnically diverse boroughs - 83 percent of people here identify themselves as "white British," compared to 45 percent in London as a whole.

Almost 90 percent of Havering residents were born in Britain, compared to 63 percent for all of London.

Like other local authorities, Havering Council has had its funding from central government slashed under austerity programmes aimed at reducing the national deficit.

"We've been told there is austerity, we must cut back," said Lawrence Webb, a Havering councillor for the anti-EU UK Independence Party.

While fishmonger David Crosbie, working on a drizzly morning in Havering's Romford street market, is an emphatic "leave" voter.

For Crosbie, the decision has a lot to do with borders, on land and sea.

He says he is tired of European fishermen trawling waters around Britain under the EU's Common Fisheries Policy.

"Remain" campaigners say government austerity is rooted in the 2008 financial crisis and in British politicians' choices, not the EU.

Nonetheless, migrants and the EU often take the blame in Havering, where many people say they do not see the benefits of immigration.

That view is less common in central London and not just in the financial district.

In multiethnic inner-city areas such as Camden and Islington, it's rare to spot a "leave" sign.

Immigration has become the most emotive issue of the campaign for Thursday’s referendum, stirring fears of instability among voters and drawing allegations of xenophobia from "remain" supporters.

The EU is built on the principle that citizens can live and work in any of the 28 member states.

Since the bloc expanded to include former Communist countries in eastern Europe more than a decade ago, hundreds of thousands of people have moved west to Britain and other, wealthier, EU nations.

The perception that EU migrants come to take jobs and, somewhat paradoxically, to live on welfare benefits, is driving "leave" sentiment in Havering and other Eurosceptic areas.

But 15 miles (24 kilometres) to the southwest in the historic heart of financial London, policy chief Mark Boleat argues that thousands of jobs, and London's standing as a financial centre, depend on the EU.

That view is backed by the Economist Intelligence Unit, which said last week that leaving the EU would endanger London's status as a global financial hub, "almost certainly depriving UK-based financial firms of their passport to conduct business anywhere in the EU."

When Britain decides this week whether to leave the European Union, London's voice may prove decisive. But for which side?

Britain's capital, home to almost nine million people, encompasses the most pro-EU place of the country, and the least.

In the cosmopolitan City financial district, where almost half a million people from around the globe work in Europe's biggest financial centre, pro-EU sentiment predominates.

But just a few miles away, the borough of Havering, stronghold of working-class East Enders, topped a national survey of the most anti-EU places in Britain.

The two districts represent the opposing views at the heart Britain's EU debate.

One sees the bloc’s free flow of people and money as a benefit. The other sees it as a threat.

Havering, a chunk of suburban Essex county absorbed into Greater London in 1965, is a workaday place of 20th-century houses and strips of shops on busy roads.

Many residents are Cockneys who moved out of London's East End in search of more space and quiet, or their children.

It's not the poorest part of London, nor the area with the most immigrants.

Havering is one of London's least ethnically diverse boroughs - 83 percent of people here identify themselves as "white British," compared to 45 percent in London as a whole.

Almost 90 percent of Havering residents were born in Britain, compared to 63 percent for all of London.

Like other local authorities, Havering Council has had its funding from central government slashed under austerity programmes aimed at reducing the national deficit.

"We've been told there is austerity, we must cut back," said Lawrence Webb, a Havering councillor for the anti-EU UK Independence Party.

While fishmonger David Crosbie, working on a drizzly morning in Havering's Romford street market, is an emphatic "leave" voter.

For Crosbie, the decision has a lot to do with borders, on land and sea.

He says he is tired of European fishermen trawling waters around Britain under the EU's Common Fisheries Policy.

"Remain" campaigners say government austerity is rooted in the 2008 financial crisis and in British politicians' choices, not the EU.

Nonetheless, migrants and the EU often take the blame in Havering, where many people say they do not see the benefits of immigration.

That view is less common in central London and not just in the financial district.

In multiethnic inner-city areas such as Camden and Islington, it's rare to spot a "leave" sign.

Immigration has become the most emotive issue of the campaign for Thursday’s referendum, stirring fears of instability among voters and drawing allegations of xenophobia from "remain" supporters.

The EU is built on the principle that citizens can live and work in any of the 28 member states.

Since the bloc expanded to include former Communist countries in eastern Europe more than a decade ago, hundreds of thousands of people have moved west to Britain and other, wealthier, EU nations.

The perception that EU migrants come to take jobs and, somewhat paradoxically, to live on welfare benefits, is driving "leave" sentiment in Havering and other Eurosceptic areas.

But 15 miles (24 kilometres) to the southwest in the historic heart of financial London, policy chief Mark Boleat argues that thousands of jobs, and London's standing as a financial centre, depend on the EU.

That view is backed by the Economist Intelligence Unit, which said last week that leaving the EU would endanger London's status as a global financial hub, "almost certainly depriving UK-based financial firms of their passport to conduct business anywhere in the EU."

Havering -1 June 2016

1. Wide of market, vote leave sign

2. Close of vote leave sign

3. Mid of market

4. England flag

5. Pan from town hall sign to Havering town hall, flags flying

6. SOUNDBITE (English) Lawrence Webb, UKIP Councillor:

"There are many, many reasons, not least of which is the cost to us as a council and a country of being members of the EU. But this referendum is about one single issue, and that is sovereignty. It's about who makes the laws that govern our lives although if you speak to ten different people you get ten different reasons why people may be voting out, but that in a nutshell is what it is about. It is about who makes those decisions over our lives."

7. Cutaway of flags flying over town hall

8. SOUNDBITE (English) Lawrence Webb, UKIP Councillor:

"We've been told there is austerity, we must cut back. The one budget, or two budgets that haven't been cut are our membership fee of the EU and foreign aid. Our view is that money should be spent here. So stop giving Brussels a single penny until we sort our own economy out."

9. Wide of market

10. Seafood at fishmonger stand at Havering market

11. SOUNDBITE (English) David Crosby, fishmonger:

"They want to stay in because it's beneficial to them. But that's not even one percent of the population. 90 odd percent of them don't earn like half a million pounds a year in bonuses and all this lark which they can tuck round the corner like in Liechtenstein, Panama, wherever. Normal people like have to go and work for a living and they want to earn their own money."

12. Keep calm and leave the EU sign

13. SOUNDBITE (English) Sukh Singh, works on family stall:

"They (Europeans) come here, and they don't work and they just claim benefits and also they don't give a chance to people who are born here, to English people."

14. SOUNDBITE (English) Jackie Duvall, market researcher:

"If immigration is so wonderful two and two isn't making four. They say they contribute towards the economy, I don't doubt it but and the end of the day, where is the money going? Where are all the extra taxes going? Is it going to hospitals? No. Education, the prison service? It's going nowhere. So, it's a con trick."

London - 17 June 2016

15. Pan of Bank of England

16. Set up of Mark Boleat, policy chairman at City of London Corporation

17. SOUNDBITE (English) Mark Boleat, policy chairman at City of London Corporation:

"The City of London's position is that Britain should remain a member of the European Union. We think the European Union has been good for the country generally, very good for financial services, many jobs depend on it, and we think that leaving the European Union will be taking a significant risk. The city would undoubtedly remain a very large international financial centre, but we think it would be smaller than it would be if Britain remained in."

18. Cutaway of Boleat talking

19. SOUNDBITE (English) Mark Boleat, policy chairman at City of London Corporation:

"You take investment banking, there are 100,000 jobs roughly in Europe, 90,000 of them in Britain. If Britain is not in the European Union, that ability would be lost. And secondly, is the free movement of labour. The City is very international. You hear almost any language conceivable in the streets of London. The big institutions have no hesitation in bringing in people from France, Germany and Spain, Italy, Romania, Bulgaria and similarly people move from Britain to those countries. If Britain was not in the European Union, that would not be so easy."

20. Pan down from Bank to Royal Exchange sign

21. Set up shot of Amy Wilson 27, Technology Consultant in the City

22. SOUNDBITE (English) Amy Wilson, Technology Consultant in the City:

"I'm strongly 'remain', I think probably most people I know are also strongly 'remain'. I don't know if it seems to me like it's a London thing, it seems more like a generational thing to me."

23. Cutaway of Royal Exchange

24. SOUNDBITE (English) Michael Patterson, restaurateur in the City:

"My view is we should remain and have another referendum in five years time when the situation will be much clearer and we will get a decisive result which will last for all time."

25. City workers eating lunch

26. SOUNDBITE (English) James Sylvester, works in IT services in the City:

"It's also the devil you know. It's better to be in and fight rather than to be out and fight. It's an easier way. Path of least resistance."

27. City workers on street

28. SOUNDBITE (English) Richard Wells, works part time as a Broker for Lloyds:

"It's very close for me, 51-49 in favour of Brexit, I have to say. I've done some studies on it. It's going to knock share prices, stock markets, the economy for a bit. I think it's more important as things go to try and get our country back a bit more. I think that's more important to me than it is the economic effect. But it's so close, it's really, really close."

29. Pan down of exchange

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Edinburgh, Scotland - 27 May 2016

1. Piper playing bagpipes

Edinburgh, Scotland - 28 May 2016

2. British and Scottish flags, Edinburgh Castle in the background

3. People walking along Royal Mile

4. People walking past and entering whisky shop on Edinburgh's Royal Mile

5. Glass door of shop with signs reading (English) "Whiskies" and "Open"

Edinburgh, Scotland - 26 May 2016

6. David Williamson of the Scotch Whisky Association holding whisky bottle, UPSOUND (English): "This one comes from the Highlands of Scotland, one that is growing at the moment in different markets around the world."

7. Whisky bottles on shelf in office of Scotch Whisky Association

8. SOUNDBITE (English) David Williamson, Communications Director of the Scotch Whisky Association:

"There's a really clear consensus within our industry that we benefit from membership (of the European Union). We benefit from access to a single market that represents about a third of our exports around the world. We benefit from access to trade deals with lower tariffs and the removal of discrimination, and of course the protection of Scotch whisky is also rooted in European law, and that's fundamental to the success of Scotch around the world."

Edinburgh, Scotland - 28 May 2016

9. Tourists looking at whiskies in shop window

10. Pan from Edinburgh tour bus to tour guide

11. SOUNDBITE (English) Jim Ross, 63, Edinburgh tour guide:

"I think we're better off in Europe, because we're all one big family nowadays I suppose. I would actually like to see our pound change to euros, so I didn't have to keep changing money when I go abroad. No, I think it's a good thing. I think if we leave, then we're just, we don't know what the future holds, at least we know when we're in Europe a rough idea of what the future holds for us."

12. Wide of Edinburgh Castle

13. Sign of "Nicolson Kiltmakers" shop on Edinburgh's Royal Mile

Edinburgh, Scotland - 26 May 2016

14. Kiltmaker Nicola Laird folding tartan in Nicolson Kiltmakers

15. Close of Laird's hands running needles through tartan

16. Customer paying

17. SOUNDBITE (English) Nicola Laird, kiltmaker at family-run business "Nicolson Kiltmakers" Edinburgh:

"We are quite a specialised industry, if somebody wants a kilt then they will come to us anyway, so I personally don't think it will affect us, and I think there's too much scaremongering going on, so businesses are scared. But we don't know what's going to happen either way."

18. Laird stitching tartan in shop basement

19. Buckle being stitched on to kilt

20. SOUNDBITE (English) Nicola Laird, kiltmaker at family-run business "Nicolson Kiltmakers" Edinburgh:

"Well, personally, I think we should leave. I wanted independence for Scotland, and I don't understand why the UK, they were so keen to keep us on, why they want to get out of Europe, so I definitely want to leave the European Union."

21. Close of "Made in Scotland" sign in shop

22. Tartan scarves in shop

23. Typical nested architecture of Edinburgh's Old Town

24. Adam Smith statue in front of St. Giles' Cathedral

25. Professor Laura Cram working at her desk

26. Folders with tags reading "Ethics" and "EU/UK Referendum"

27. SOUNDBITE (English) Laura Cram, Professor for European Politics, University of Edinburgh:

"They are very, very clear from all the parties, and there's also been a bit of a sense of, I feel like, that it is kind of embedded now that being in Scotland is part of being in the European Union, and that's become part of the narrative that is accepted by all the political leaders, so there's been very, very little challenge to it in the debate."

28. Exterior of Scottish Parliament

29. SOUNDBITE (English) Christina McKelvie, SNP (Scottish National Party) Member of the Scottish Parliament:

"Clearly for remaining within the EU, as long as that EU is reformed, and as long as that Scottish voice, that distinct Scottish voice, is heard within that European Union."

30. Parliament sign reading (English and Scottish) "Welcome to the Scottish Parliament"

31. SOUNDBITE (English) Christina McKelvie, SNP (Scottish National Party) Member of the Scottish Parliament:

"When the decision is made on the 23rd, on the 24th of June when we start to see the results of that and what that means for Scotland, then people would possibly seriously rethink where we were in 2014, and that could be, you know, that trigger for the people of Scotland to say 'no, enough, we want to be representing ourselves and, therefore, a second independence referendum could be in the offing."

32. McKelvie walking inside Scottish Parliament

33. British, Scottish and EU flags outside Scottish Parliament

STORYLINE:

There is strong support for remaining part of the European Union among Scottish voters, however a vote for a "Brexit" might trigger a new Scottish independence referendum, possibly leading to the break-up of the UK.

Numerous polls have shown that the majority of Scots favour remaining within the European Union.

Businesses including Scotch Whisky Distillers, small and large, are very supportive of the UK's membership of the European Union.

Scotch Whisky is one of Scotland's biggest exports, supporting about 40,000 jobs in the country.

But there are also those who are in favour of a Brexit, including Nicola Laird, a 41-year-old kiltmaker from Edinburgh, who doesn't think her business will be affected if Britain left the EU.

Others believe a British vote to leave the 28-member bloc in the upcoming referendum could galvanise Scotland's own independence movement.

Christina McKelvie, a Scottish National Party (SNP) Member of the Scottish Parliament, thinks a Brexit could potentially lead to the break-up of the United Kingdom.

Scots voted to remain part of the United Kingdom in the 2014 Scottish independence referendum by roughly a 10-point margin, but experts suggest a Brexit vote might shift hearts and minds in favour of independence.

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While still Mayor of London, UK legislator Boris Johnson declared his support for Britain's exit from the European Union and positioned himself in direct opposition to his Conservative Party leader and Prime Minister, David Cameron.

With the country's EU membership referendum taking place on Thursday, Johnson is set to find out whether his move, which many consider a play for the leadership, has worked.

The safe course for the ambitious former London mayor would have been to back Cameron, a long-time political ally, in his bid to keep Britain inside the 28-member bloc and let the prime minister sink or swim.

Instead, Johnson decided to become the most prominent figure in the "Vote Leave" campaign and use his considerable clout to try to pry Britain out of the EU - a result which would mostly likely also push Cameron out.

Many observers believe Cameron's days at 10 Downing Street would be numbered if his "remain" team lose the referendum vote.

Such a result would make Johnson a strong contender for the leadership role.

Long-time Johnson-watchers view his perch at the helm of the "leave" campaign through this Downing Street prism, said Tony Travers, a political scientist at the London School of Economics.

"Undoubtedly he has a longer-term ambition, a desire to be leader of his party and therefore prime minister," said Travers, who has tracked Johnson for years. "Now many people at the top of politics have that kind of ambition, (but) few make it that obvious."

Johnson denies he's eyeing the keys to 10 Downing Street, and has publicly said that Cameron should stay on even if Britain votes to leave the EU.

However, few take this position seriously - Johnson said in February it gave him "heartache" to break with Cameron over "Brexit," then jumped into the campaign with customary gusto.

The 52-year-old comes across as an unconventional politician despite having followed a classical political path, moving from elite colleges into journalism, on to Parliament, then City Hall, and finally back to Parliament and a minor Cabinet position.

"His detractors and critics often say he is not a serious person, that his approach to politics is humorous and freewheeling and perhaps not as thought through as other people," said Travers. "I'm not sure that's true. I think deep down he is a serious person, with serious objectives."

Johnson is not alone on the "leave" campaign stage.

UK Independence Party chief Nigel Farage has played a prominent role, despite recently coming under criticism for a provocative poster, and Justice Secretary Michael Gove has been a focal point as well.

They lack Johnson's flair for publicity, however.

Johnson has become the face of the "Brexit" campaign and, perhaps inevitably, the referendum campaign is seen by some as a Cameron versus Johnson race, with Downing Street as the prize.

Johnson's decision to break with Cameron over Brexit marks the first public split between the long-time friends and sometimes rivals.

They have known each since university days - the two were famously photographed in formal wear during their days as members of the exclusive Bullingdon Club at Oxford.

Throughout his career, Johnson has managed to surmount the sort of gaffes that have brought other politicians down.

Some believe this resilience would allow him to keep Downing Street in his long-term sights even if Britain votes to stick with Europe.

In his newspaper days, Johnson called Africans "piccaninnies" and referred to people from Papua New Guinea as cannibals.

As a Member of Parliament, he offended an entire British city when he complained that people from Liverpool were wallowing in "victim status" after a Liverpudlian was taken hostage and slain in Iraq.

He apologised - a lot - and seemed to be forgiven, but while he benefits from significant support from some quarters, there are others who would undoubtedly still wince at the prospect of Johnson reaching the top of the Westminster mountain.

While still Mayor of London, UK legislator Boris Johnson declared his support for Britain's exit from the European Union and positioned himself in direct opposition to his Conservative Party leader and Prime Minister, David Cameron.

With the country's EU membership referendum taking place on Thursday, Johnson is set to find out whether his move, which many consider a play for the leadership, has worked.

The safe course for the ambitious former London mayor would have been to back Cameron, a long-time political ally, in his bid to keep Britain inside the 28-member bloc and let the prime minister sink or swim.

Instead, Johnson decided to become the most prominent figure in the "Vote Leave" campaign and use his considerable clout to try to pry Britain out of the EU - a result which would mostly likely also push Cameron out.

Many observers believe Cameron's days at 10 Downing Street would be numbered if his "remain" team lose the referendum vote.

Such a result would make Johnson a strong contender for the leadership role.

Long-time Johnson-watchers view his perch at the helm of the "leave" campaign through this Downing Street prism, said Tony Travers, a political scientist at the London School of Economics.

"Undoubtedly he has a longer-term ambition, a desire to be leader of his party and therefore prime minister," said Travers, who has tracked Johnson for years. "Now many people at the top of politics have that kind of ambition, (but) few make it that obvious."

Johnson denies he's eyeing the keys to 10 Downing Street, and has publicly said that Cameron should stay on even if Britain votes to leave the EU.

However, few take this position seriously - Johnson said in February it gave him "heartache" to break with Cameron over "Brexit," then jumped into the campaign with customary gusto.

The 52-year-old comes across as an unconventional politician despite having followed a classical political path, moving from elite colleges into journalism, on to Parliament, then City Hall, and finally back to Parliament and a minor Cabinet position.

"His detractors and critics often say he is not a serious person, that his approach to politics is humorous and freewheeling and perhaps not as thought through as other people," said Travers. "I'm not sure that's true. I think deep down he is a serious person, with serious objectives."

Johnson is not alone on the "leave" campaign stage.

UK Independence Party chief Nigel Farage has played a prominent role, despite recently coming under criticism for a provocative poster, and Justice Secretary Michael Gove has been a focal point as well.

They lack Johnson's flair for publicity, however.

Johnson has become the face of the "Brexit" campaign and, perhaps inevitably, the referendum campaign is seen by some as a Cameron versus Johnson race, with Downing Street as the prize.

Johnson's decision to break with Cameron over Brexit marks the first public split between the long-time friends and sometimes rivals.

They have known each since university days - the two were famously photographed in formal wear during their days as members of the exclusive Bullingdon Club at Oxford.

Throughout his career, Johnson has managed to surmount the sort of gaffes that have brought other politicians down.

Some believe this resilience would allow him to keep Downing Street in his long-term sights even if Britain votes to stick with Europe.

In his newspaper days, Johnson called Africans "piccaninnies" and referred to people from Papua New Guinea as cannibals.

As a Member of Parliament, he offended an entire British city when he complained that people from Liverpool were wallowing in "victim status" after a Liverpudlian was taken hostage and slain in Iraq.

He apologised - a lot - and seemed to be forgiven, but while he benefits from significant support from some quarters, there are others who would undoubtedly still wince at the prospect of Johnson reaching the top of the Westminster mountain.

AP TELEVISION

FILE: London - 23 April 2008

++4:3++

1. Conservative candidate for Boris Johnson, then the Conservative candidate for Mayor of London, walking through market surrounded by media

2. Johnson walking onto stage and making speech

3. Various of people listening and Johnson making speech

POOL

FILE: London - 2 May 2008

++4:3++

4. Johnson and Ken Livingstone, the then-incumbent Mayor of London and Labour candidate, waiting for the results on stage

5. SOUNDBITE (English) Anthony Mayer, Greater London Returning Officer:

"I therefore officially declare Boris Johnson to be elected as the next mayor of London."

6. Wide of candidates on stage; supporters clapping and cheering

AP TELEVISION

London - 14 May 2016

7. Set up of Dr Tony Travers, political expert

8. SOUNDBITE (English) Dr Tony Travers, London School of Economics:

"Well there is no question that Boris Johnson is a high flying political figure. He has been mayor of London, he is now a member of parliament, he is a member of cabinet, and undoubtedly, he has as a longer term ambition a desire to get on presumably to be leader of his party, and therefore Prime Minister. Now, many people at the top of politics have that kind of ambition, few make it this obvious, or that obvious, others choose never to do it, but I think in his case he is an ambitious person who wants to get to the top."

UK POOL

FILE: York - 23 May 2016

9. Various of 'Vote Leave' campaign coach arriving, supporters cheering as Johnson, now Member of Parliament and leading "Brexit" campaigner, exits coach and delivers speech

AP TELEVISION

London - 14 May 2016

10. SOUNDBITE (English) Dr Tony Travers, London School of Economics:

"Well at the moment he is obviously the leading figure in the campaign to leave the EU, and I can't look into his mind and see what proportion of what motivated that is because he really wants to leave the EU and what proportion is motivated by a desire to move on within the Conservative Party towards being Prime Minister. But it would be naive not to assume that both objectives were present in what he is doing now, and he is be far the most charismatic and media literate of the pro-leave politicians - several others are pretty good at it, but he is particularly good at it - and he does have longer-term ambitions for sure. So the two things can never entirely be separated."

UK POOL

FILE: Bristol - 14 March 2016

11. Johnson talking to audience members and activists at "Vote Leave" event

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FILE: London, UK - 1 August 2012

12. Johnson, dressed in suit and waving British flags, dangling from zip wire

AP TELEVISION

London - 14 May 2016

13. SOUNDBITE (English) Dr Tony Travers, London School of Economics:

"His detractors and critics often say he is not a serious person, that his approach to politics is humorous and freewheeling and not perhaps as thought through as other people; I'm not sure that's true. I think deep down he is a serious person, with serious objectives. Now the way it manifests itself doesn't look like many other politicians, but that's never been a barrier to getting to the top. You get to the top because - in this country anyway - because most of your colleagues in your party think you'll win them their seats in the next general election, and that will be the test that's applied to him as and when he goes forward to being potentially leader of his party."

POOL

FILE: London - 21 February 2016

14. SOUNDBITE (English) Boris Johnson, then-Mayor of London:

"I've decided after a huge amount of heartache because I did not want to do anything...the last thing I wanted was to go against (British Prime Minister) David Cameron or the government. But after a great deal of heartache, I don't think there is anything else I can do. I will be advocating 'Vote Leave' or whatever the team is called - I understand there are many of them - because I want a better deal for the people of this country."

POOL

FILE: London, UK - 22 February 2016

15. Johnson surrounded by reporters as he tries to cycle to City Hall

It's been 25 years since the Penallta Colliery fell silent: the river once black with soot is now green and nature has taken back its place in this valley in South Wales.

Eddie Cullen grew-up here in a family of miners and remembers the decline of the town and the sorrow at seeing the heart of his community torn away.

"Everyone was frightened when the pit shut," he says.

With dire poverty and high unemployment rates, South Wales has benefited from generous grants and financing schemes from the European Union to rejuvenate the area's economy.

Yet on 23 June - the day of the UK referendum - the region voted massively to leave the EU.

The modern highway connecting Brynmawr with other former coal-mining towns in the Valleys region of South Wales was partly funded by the European Union, replacing a three-lane road known for its many deadly accidents.

In Abbw Vale, where 62 percent voted out, EU funds have also been used to improve railway lines, open museums, schools and training centres built where the steel works once stood.

Paul Thomas, who voted 'remain', worries Brexit could jeopardise these achievements.

"There was going to be more development but we don't know what's going to happen now," he says.

But back in the old city centre retired truck driver John Thompson doesn't agree, saying that "there's been no benefit to this area at all"

"Leave" campaigners say many of the EU projects are gimmicky and haven't led to any tangible improvements for people.

Also, they consider the EU money as British money to begin with, since overall Britain contributes more money than it gets back from the EU.

Welsh Conservative leader Andrew RT Davies, was one politician to go against the party's UK leader, Prime Minister David Cameron, and vote for Britain to quit the EU

Davies used the metaphor of an out-of-control car to describe the EU, saying that people used the referendum to effectively say "I want to get out, the way this car is driven, we're going to hit a brick wall."

But for one Welsh company, Brexit was the brick wall.

In Pontypridd, a town climbing up misty hillsides north of Cardiff, Jenny Hughes said her education consultancy firm lost three potential contracts the day after the referendum as European partners pulled out.

Even though Wales receives hundreds of millions of pounds annually in EU funding, more than half of the Welsh electorate voted for Britain to leave the EU.

Puzzling many analysts, the "leave" vote was strongest in deprived post-industrial areas that have arguably benefited the most from EU support.

"Wales might have shot itself in the foot," says Ed Poole, lecturer in politics at Cardiff University, explaining that Wales has been one of the biggest net beneficiaries of being in the European Union.

A study he co-authored before the vote estimated that Wales receives a net annual benefit of 245 million (British) pounds (327 million US dollars) from the EU budget, or about 79 pounds (105 US dollars) per head.

That compares with a net contribution of 151 pounds (201 US dollars) per head for all of the United Kingdom.

It's possible, Poole says, that some voters didn't fully understand the role of EU funds in supporting their communities - or chose to ignore it.

It's been 25 years since the Penallta Colliery fell silent: the river once black with soot is now green and nature has taken back its place in this valley in South Wales.

Eddie Cullen grew-up here in a family of miners and remembers the decline of the town and the sorrow at seeing the heart of his community torn away.

"Everyone was frightened when the pit shut," he says.

With dire poverty and high unemployment rates, South Wales has benefited from generous grants and financing schemes from the European Union to rejuvenate the area's economy.

Yet on 23 June - the day of the UK referendum - the region voted massively to leave the EU.

The modern highway connecting Brynmawr with other former coal-mining towns in the Valleys region of South Wales was partly funded by the European Union, replacing a three-lane road known for its many deadly accidents.

In Abbw Vale, where 62 percent voted out, EU funds have also been used to improve railway lines, open museums, schools and training centres built where the steel works once stood.

Paul Thomas, who voted 'remain', worries Brexit could jeopardise these achievements.

"There was going to be more development but we don't know what's going to happen now," he says.

But back in the old city centre retired truck driver John Thompson doesn't agree, saying that "there's been no benefit to this area at all"

"Leave" campaigners say many of the EU projects are gimmicky and haven't led to any tangible improvements for people.

Also, they consider the EU money as British money to begin with, since overall Britain contributes more money than it gets back from the EU.

Welsh Conservative leader Andrew RT Davies, was one politician to go against the party's UK leader, Prime Minister David Cameron, and vote for Britain to quit the EU

Davies used the metaphor of an out-of-control car to describe the EU, saying that people used the referendum to effectively say "I want to get out, the way this car is driven, we're going to hit a brick wall."

But for one Welsh company, Brexit was the brick wall.

In Pontypridd, a town climbing up misty hillsides north of Cardiff, Jenny Hughes said her education consultancy firm lost three potential contracts the day after the referendum as European partners pulled out.

Even though Wales receives hundreds of millions of pounds annually in EU funding, more than half of the Welsh electorate voted for Britain to leave the EU.

Puzzling many analysts, the "leave" vote was strongest in deprived post-industrial areas that have arguably benefited the most from EU support.

"Wales might have shot itself in the foot," says Ed Poole, lecturer in politics at Cardiff University, explaining that Wales has been one of the biggest net beneficiaries of being in the European Union.

A study he co-authored before the vote estimated that Wales receives a net annual benefit of 245 million (British) pounds (327 million US dollars) from the EU budget, or about 79 pounds (105 US dollars) per head.

That compares with a net contribution of 151 pounds (201 US dollars) per head for all of the United Kingdom.

It's possible, Poole says, that some voters didn't fully understand the role of EU funds in supporting their communities - or chose to ignore it.

Hengoad - 29 June 2016

1. Various of abandoned coal mine

2. SOUNDBITE (English) Eddie Cullen, excavator driver:

"At first, everybody was frightened when the pit (coal mine) shut, but life has got to go on and we've still done well. There has been a lot of unemployment in Wales, but we've just got to travel further for the work, like me."

3. Cutaway of dog

4. SOUNDBITE (English) Eddie Cullen, excavator driver:

"Everybody has just had enough, you know. They want their identity back as a country, you know, rather than being run by people from outside the country."

5. Grafiti on abandoned coal mine reading (English) "Don't steal our heritage."

6. Various of abandoned coal mine

Near Brynmawr - 30 June 2016

7. Various of road sign indicating EU financing for the motorway

8. Traffic on motorway

Abbw Vale - 30 June 2016

9. Tilt down on piece of machinery from the old steel works that previously occupied site

10. Various of new college partially financed by the EU

11. Various of new recreational centre partially financed by the EU

12. SOUNDBITE (English) Paul Thomas, occupational therapist:

"My dad worked at the steelworks. He used to come home and tell us when we were kids that he'd have to use a push bike to go from one end of the factory to the other end of the factory. Sadly it's gone now, but with the EU funding we've got the leisure centre now, we've got the college, we've got the school, we've got the hospital. There was going to be more development here, but we don't know what's going to happen now."

Near Brynmawr - 30 June 2016

13. Various of the town

14. Street in centre of town with sign reading (English) "Vote Leave."

15. Close of Welsh flag

16. SOUNDBITE (English) John Thompson, retired truck driver:

"I would say no. We haven't seen no benefit to this area at all. They do leave us a road now as you know, you've seen the sign, the European sign on it, but what you've got to think about is: they don't give us nothing. It's our money, part of our money coming back to us. We've given them the money and they just send some back to us. They don't give us nothing really."

Cardiff - 29 June 2016

17. View over Cardiff Bay with National Theatre Wales in foreground

18. Close of sign reading (English and Welsh) "National Assembly for Wales."

19. SOUNDBITE (English) Andrew RT Davies, Welsh Conservative leader:

"Well, it's British money in the first place. It goes out there, and we leave 50 percent of that money out there and 50 percent comes back. So that's the narrative here. We are all for embracing cooperation with other countries, we are all for working as allies in national security and self-defence, but there comes a point where self-determination has to come into this as well."

20. Various of Andrew RT Davies, Welsh Conservative leader

21. SOUNDBITE (English) Andrew RT Davies, Welsh Conservative leader:

"Very often, these schemes will seem to be managed by elites and ultimately not delivering for the communities that were supposed to benefit, and so people actually used the opportunity of the referendum to say 'whoa, stop the car, I want to get out, the way this car is driven, we're going to hit a brick wall."

Pontypridd - 29 June 2016

22. Various of Jenny Hughes, co-founder of Pontydysgu, a Welsh educational research institute, looking at the company website

23. SOUNDBITE (English) Jenny Hughes, co-founder of Pontydysgu:

"So, all of a sudden, we personally can't tender for anymore, but more particularly, our partners or consortia that we work with are saying now, 'well, actually we don't want to work with you' - they do want to work with us but they don't feel they can because they don't know what's going to happen."

24. Hughes at her desk

Cardiff - 29 June 2016

25. Various of Ed Poole, lecturer in Politics and International Relations at Cardiff University, at his desk

26. SOUNDBITE (English) Ed Poole, lecturer in Politics and International Relations at Cardiff University:

"I would say that unfortunately, in the long term, Wales might have shot itself in the foot on an economic basis."

27. Cutaway

28. SOUNDBITE (English) Ed Poole, lecturer in Politics and International Relations at Cardiff University:

"It's not just the structural funds that benefit the poorest areas in Wales - that's to the tune of about 400 million (British) pounds (534 million US dollars) per year. It's also the agricultural policy, which is very specifically supporting small scale businesses, which is Wales' specialism because of the topography of Wales. It's about 260 million (pounds, 347 million US dollars) per year, and it's also access to the single market."

Merthyr Tydfil - 30 June 2016

29. Various of open-pit mine and surrounding landscape

With less than a month to go before the United Kingdom's referendum on whether to remain in or leave the European Union, campaigners are desperately trying to encourage young people to register to vote.

The outcome of the referendum could depend on whether young people shake off their apathy and vote in sufficient numbers on 23 June, according to a recent opinion poll conducted for the Observer newspaper.

At last year's UK general election, only 43 per cent of those aged 18-24 voted, compared with 78 per cent of over-65s.

A similar turnout would see British youngsters' future in Europe determined by Eurosceptic older voters, who are much more likely to cast their ballots on the day.

The Electoral Reform Society has warned of a "worrying generation gap", with its survey showing that 21 per cent of 18- to 24-year-olds say they are very interested in the referendum, compared with 47 per cent of those over 65.

Comedian Eddie Izzard is one of many campaigners trying to encourage young people to vote to remain in the EU.

He has launched a campaign to visit 31 cities in 31 days to stir up the youth vote.

This week he visited the University of Reading for a debate with Daniel Hannan, a Conservative Member of the European Parliament and pro-Brexit campaigner.

With less than a month to go before the United Kingdom's referendum on whether to remain in or leave the European Union, campaigners are desperately trying to encourage young people to register to vote.

The outcome of the referendum could depend on whether young people shake off their apathy and vote in sufficient numbers on 23 June, according to a recent opinion poll conducted for the Observer newspaper.

At last year's UK general election, only 43 per cent of those aged 18-24 voted, compared with 78 per cent of over-65s.

A similar turnout would see British youngsters' future in Europe determined by Eurosceptic older voters, who are much more likely to cast their ballots on the day.

The Electoral Reform Society has warned of a "worrying generation gap", with its survey showing that 21 per cent of 18- to 24-year-olds say they are very interested in the referendum, compared with 47 per cent of those over 65.

Comedian Eddie Izzard is one of many campaigners trying to encourage young people to vote to remain in the EU.

He has launched a campaign to visit 31 cities in 31 days to stir up the youth vote.

This week he visited the University of Reading for a debate with Daniel Hannan, a Conservative Member of the European Parliament and pro-Brexit campaigner.

Reading - 24 May 2016

1. Various of comedian Eddie Izzard, a prominent campaigner for Britain remaining in the European Union, talking on stage at a debate on the subject at the University of Reading (Izzard is touring 31 UK cities in 31 days in a bid to encourage young people to vote to remain in the EU)

2. Various of students in audience

3. Daniel Hannan, Conservative Member of the European Parliament and pro-Brexit campaigner, talking on stage

4. SOUNDBITE (English) Eddie Izzard, comedian and campaigner to remain in the European Union:

"If they want a vision for the future - and I think young people do want a positive vision for the future, not a negative putting up boundaries, Brexit, let's go away - let's stand there, let's stand and fight for our place in Europe, rather than run and hide from Europe."

5. SOUNDBITE (English) Daniel Hannan, Conservative Member of the European Parliament and pro Brexit campaigner:

"It's not that they have weighed and then discarded the case for leave, it's not even that they have despised and disdained it, it's that they have never heard it, they weren't aware there was one. And so I hope that I can introduce at least some people to the very strong democratic and economic arguments for independence."

6. Izzard talking to students

7. Students

8. SOUNDBITE (English) Becky Page, student:

"I'd like to vote but I just need to inform myself more of which way I want to go. Initially I was thinking of staying but now I'm hearing reasons for leaving."

9. Various of students in student bar

10. Student Ramsay Amin playing snooker

11. SOUNDBITE (English) Ramsay Amin, student:

"I personally don't have enough knowledge to actually vote for either stay in or stay out. But judging by past experience it is probably better to stay in."

12. Various of Oli Ratcliffe, student union president at the University of Reading, sticking up flyers about the the referendum in a bid to encourage people to vote

13. SOUNDBITE (English) Oli Ratcliffe, student union president at the University of Reading:

"They are quite disillusioned with politics, a lot of students, unfortunately, so when referendums and elections come about they often see it as something which they can't relate to and they might not see it as important."

14. Various of Daniel Masters, editor of the student newspaper 'The Spark', looking at the latest edition

15. SOUNDBITE (English) Daniel Masters, student and editor of the student newspaper 'The Spark':

"We're run by the (European) Commission, we're run by the (European) Council, which are not elected and they essentially run our policy without asking us, so we don't have control over our agricultural policy and we don't have control of our fisheries policy or anything."

16. Set-up of student Ben Cooper (left)

17. SOUNDBITE (English) Ben Cooper, student:

"So, I want to vote 'in'. Firstly, I think it's better for our country as a whole. Me personally, I come from a farming background, so I have quite a lot of interest in EU subsidies."

18. Various of people walking along high street

19. Set-up of sales assistant Rachel Stannett (wearing black and white striped dress)

20. SOUNDBITE (English) Rachel Stannett, sales assistant:

"No, to be fair I haven't (thought about the EU referendum). I don't know really that much about it. And I don't know who to vote for."

21. SOUNDBITE (English) Dev Sabharwal, student:

"Frankly, I'm just not that bothered by it. I mean I think I should be a bit bothered by it because it probably does affect me quite a lot but I don't really know a lot about it to be fair."

22. SOUNDBITE (English) Katie Dowset, college of further education student:

"I've heard that like the EU want to make us have the euro and I don't really want the euro."

23. Various of people walking along street, drinking at table

If her compatriots back in Britain vote this week to leave the European Union, the only thing Dale Carr's sure about is that life's going to get far more difficult for her in Germany.

Carr runs two "Broken English" shops in the German capital, specialising in teas, marmalades and other goodies from the UK.

At the very least, Carr figures the import of some items could be blocked, others will be slapped with duties, and she'll no longer be able to deduct some of the taxes on shipping like she has in the past.

Beyond that, like the other 105,000 Britons living in Germany, the 63-year-old can really only speculate.

Carr came to Germany for what was supposed to be a three month trip in 1978 and never looked back.

But like many of her customers that means she's been away too long to be eligible to vote in the referendum.

Among her customers, there's a feeling of indignation that they cannot vote and have no say, especially among the veterans, she said.

But because she's lived in Germany so long as a taxpayer, there's another option open to Carr, her Scottish husband, and her two adult children who were born in Berlin but have British citizenship: dual citizenship.

She says the first thing she will do in the event of Britain leaving the EU is apply for German citizenship to give her and her family the opportunity to move wherever they want in Europe.

Things are a little different for Jon Worth, a native of Newport, in South Wales, who has only been in Germany for just shy of three years.

As a self-employed communications consultant, the 36-year-old may face further hurdles convincing the German authorities to allow him to stay with no company backing him.

And even if he met the prerequisites, Germany's immigration agencies are so backlogged processing the cases of the hundreds of thousands of Syrians and other asylum seekers entering the country that British applying for citizenship may find themselves in a long queue.

One Berlin district office, for example, already in March only had appointments available in January 2017 to even begin the process.

Like Carr, Worth's not sure what to expect because there has been so little information released on what comes next in the event of a British exit.

Amid the uncertainty, he's used social media to organise get-togethers of expatriates from around the country to discuss the possible scenarios.

Germany's own experience with how its unchecked nationalism in the 20th century helped cause two world wars means that today it is among the most committed to the European project, and Chancellor Angela Merkel's government has repeatedly emphasised it wants Britain to remain part of the European Union.

Recently that rhetoric has been sharpened slightly, to include comments suggesting that Britain would lose influence and opportunity if it tries to operate outside the European Union.

Echoing the sentiments of many, Claudia Arz, one of Carr's customers, said she was very European in perspective and believed that a British exit would be bad both for Europe and Britain.

For shop owner Dale Carr only one thing is certain. Britain's exit will not help bring back "the Great Britannia as it was and going back somehow into the past or recreating the past."

Carr said following the Brexit talk over the last months has convinced her that the EU needs to reform some of its rules and regulations, but that it would be better for Britain to work for those changes from within.

If her compatriots back in Britain vote this week to leave the European Union, the only thing Dale Carr's sure about is that life's going to get far more difficult for her in Germany.

Carr runs two "Broken English" shops in the German capital, specialising in teas, marmalades and other goodies from the UK.

At the very least, Carr figures the import of some items could be blocked, others will be slapped with duties, and she'll no longer be able to deduct some of the taxes on shipping like she has in the past.

Beyond that, like the other 105,000 Britons living in Germany, the 63-year-old can really only speculate.

Carr came to Germany for what was supposed to be a three month trip in 1978 and never looked back.

But like many of her customers that means she's been away too long to be eligible to vote in the referendum.

Among her customers, there's a feeling of indignation that they cannot vote and have no say, especially among the veterans, she said.

But because she's lived in Germany so long as a taxpayer, there's another option open to Carr, her Scottish husband, and her two adult children who were born in Berlin but have British citizenship: dual citizenship.

She says the first thing she will do in the event of Britain leaving the EU is apply for German citizenship to give her and her family the opportunity to move wherever they want in Europe.

Things are a little different for Jon Worth, a native of Newport, in South Wales, who has only been in Germany for just shy of three years.

As a self-employed communications consultant, the 36-year-old may face further hurdles convincing the German authorities to allow him to stay with no company backing him.

And even if he met the prerequisites, Germany's immigration agencies are so backlogged processing the cases of the hundreds of thousands of Syrians and other asylum seekers entering the country that British applying for citizenship may find themselves in a long queue.

One Berlin district office, for example, already in March only had appointments available in January 2017 to even begin the process.

Like Carr, Worth's not sure what to expect because there has been so little information released on what comes next in the event of a British exit.

Amid the uncertainty, he's used social media to organise get-togethers of expatriates from around the country to discuss the possible scenarios.

Germany's own experience with how its unchecked nationalism in the 20th century helped cause two world wars means that today it is among the most committed to the European project, and Chancellor Angela Merkel's government has repeatedly emphasised it wants Britain to remain part of the European Union.

Recently that rhetoric has been sharpened slightly, to include comments suggesting that Britain would lose influence and opportunity if it tries to operate outside the European Union.

Echoing the sentiments of many, Claudia Arz, one of Carr's customers, said she was very European in perspective and believed that a British exit would be bad both for Europe and Britain.

For shop owner Dale Carr only one thing is certain. Britain's exit will not help bring back "the Great Britannia as it was and going back somehow into the past or recreating the past."

Carr said following the Brexit talk over the last months has convinced her that the EU needs to reform some of its rules and regulations, but that it would be better for Britain to work for those changes from within.

Berlin - 16 June 2016

1. Sign at store reading (English) "Broken English"

2. Shop owner Dale Carr in her store

3. Carr talking to costumer

4. Carr talking

5. British teapots in store

6. Costumers inside "Broken English" store

7. Cup with British flag

8. SOUNDBITE (English) Dale Carr, British owner of "Broken English" shop in Berlin:

"The main reason is that we would still be inside Europe and that we would still have this wonderful right to live and work anywhere in Europe, also for my children of course. They may one day well they want to go somewhere else or have the opportunity to go somewhere else. We may too. But if my only opportunity is back to the UK it narrows things a little."

9. Carr at cashier

10. Carr with costumer

11. Customers at store

12. SOUNDBITE (English) Dale Carr, British shop owner:

"So if we have to fork out a chunk of money to pay all the VAT bills also on my shipping costs which I see no reason at all why I should be able to claim it back here, those days will be gone, that would automatically put prices up between 18 and probably 20 percent to start with and that puts it out of the reach of a lot of people."

Berlin - 19 June 2016

13. British and European flags

14. Public event about the referendum at Kollwitzplatz

15. Jon Worth with British flag at statue of artist Kaethe Kollwitz

16. "Hug a Brit" action during public event informing about the referendum

17. SOUNDBITE (English) Jon Worth, British citizen and pro-Europe activist who lives in Berlin:

"There is considerable nervousness because many people don't know what Britain's relationship with the European Union is going to look like if Britain leaves the EU and then what that will mean for the British living here in Germany and indeed anywhere else in the rest of the European Union at a personal level. There are people who wonder what would happen to student fees if they are studying, what happens to their pensions if they're retired. In my own situation I'm self-employed, those are the people who can never get a Visa if we ever needed a Visa to potentially stay in Germany. So we are the people who as British profited from EU freedom of movement and therefore we are very fearful about what would happen where that be taken away."

Berlin - 16 June 2016

18. Cups with London print

19. Claudia Arz shopping at "Broken English" store

20. SOUNDBITE (German) Claudia Arz, German citizen, journalist:

"I think Great Britain will make a big mistake if they leave the European Union also regarding Scotland, which would come closer to the European Union in such a case, a danger of a conflict could arise between Great Britain and Scotland. All in all I believe the British economy would suffer badly."

21. Claudia Arz talking to Carr

22. SOUNDBITE (English) Dale Carr, British shop owner:

"And so this idea of bringing back the Great Britannia as it was and going back somehow into the past or recreating the past - none of us can do that, Brexit or no Brexit you know."

23. British and Berlin flags and picture of Queen Elizabeth II

24. Puppet dogs and Queen Elizabeth II waving