Author Thomas Harding is in the process of doing what the descendants of many Holocaust victims would find unimaginable: applying for a German passport.

When Britain voted to leave the European Union in June, the 48-year-old had to make a decision that was never necessary before the referendum - should he request the restoration of German citizenship stripped from his family by the Third Reich? He needed only a few hours to make up his mind.

“This is more than the practical, this is also about something for us, or for me, it's about something spiritual, it's about reconciliation,’’ he said. “It's about acknowledging the truth of the horrors of the past but also about trying to build a better future together, and as a European, that's what I hope to do."

It is one of the complicated realities of the UK’s pending divorce from the EU that many Britons whose ancestors came from other parts of Europe are claiming citizenship in other member states so they can retain ties to the Continent. Inquiries about passports are up at the German, Austrian, French and Polish embassies.

Some want to retain the ability to travel easily from country to country or maintain business ties. Others just want to be part of the European Union.

But for Jews whose families fled Germany to escape Adolf Hitler, the decision means re-examining long-held beliefs about history and the country that once persecuted them.

The children and grandchildren of Jewish refugees are taking advantage of a law that allows the descendants of people persecuted by the Nazis to regain the citizenship that was stripped from them in the 1930s and 1940s. More than 400 Britons have sought information about the law since the June 23 referendum, and German authorities have received at least 100 formal applications, compared with about 20 annually in recent years.

Michael Newman, chief executive of the Association of Jewish Refugees, said Brexit has fuelled interest in German citizenship, but it’s hard to know how many people will actually apply. Jews are now able to consider such a step because Germany has made huge strides in addressing the past, creating a culture of remembrance, he said.

“No amount of blood money or memorials will satisfy or suffice for some people but in terms of addressing its past and owning up to it and looking into things, it's done much that many other countries haven't,’’ said Newman.

Many of those seeking restoration of their citizenship don’t intend to live in Germany, but want the freedom to travel and work in EU nations.

Ben Lewis, a 49-year-old documentary filmmaker, is among those who would like to regain German citizenship.

Lewis, whose film and production company has worked for years on the continent, sees the potential of Brexit as an abomination, particularly the anti-immigrant sentiment that influenced many people to vote to leave.

“I just want to take a firm stance, a documented stance etched in acid on stone, that I object to Brexit," he said.

The decision for many might have been prompted by Brexit, but had been years in the making for some. Harding, for one, has long been coming to terms with his German past, a journey documented in part in his book, “The House by the Lake.’’

The way Harding sees it, Germany is now showing leadership by taking in over a million refugees.

As the result of the EU referendum became clear on the morning of June 24, Harding was on the phone to the German embassy to inquire about citizenship.

It’s logical, he says, for Jews to cling to the EU, which was created to build international links that would make another European war impossible.

“It was much less about saying goodbye to Britain than saying hello to Europe," he said.

London - 5 October 2016

1. Pan down from German and European Union flags to entrance of German Embassy in London

2. Various of flags

3. Mid of author Thomas Harding sitting on grass looking at passport that belonged to his German Jewish grandfather

4. Close of Harding's face

5. Various of passport

6. SOUNDBITE (English) Thomas Harding, author, in the process of applying for restoration of German passport following Brexit vote:

"This is more than the practical, this is also about something for us, or for me, it's about something spiritual, it's about reconciliation. It's about acknowledging the truth of the horrors of the past but also about trying to build a better future together, and as a European, that's what I hope to do."

7. Cutaway passport and photo of Harding's grandparents

8. SOUNDBITE (English) Thomas Harding, author, in the process of applying for restoration of German passport following Brexit vote:

"I think what has happened to me is I have become much more open towards Germany and at the same time following Brexit, I realised that there was going to be a very real loss. It was likely that me and my family would be unable to live and work in 27 countries in Europe and given the fact that I didn't have to give up my British passport, I didn't have to live in Germany by necessity or learn German, show I could speak German, it didn't seem like there was anything to lose and so for me, it was much less about saying goodbye to Britain than saying hello to Europe."

9. Harding flicking through passport

10. Mid of exhibit of Jewish Museum in London

11. Soft focus, yellow star that Jews were forced to wear in Nazi Germany

12. Set up of documentary maker Ben Lewis

13. Close of Lewis looking at museum exhibit

14. SOUNDBITE (English) Ben Lewis, documentary maker, in the process of applying for restoration of German passport following Brexit vote:

"Well, it was immediately after Brexit I thought the restoration of German citizenship was something that I wanted, because before Brexit I was part of the EU anyway. I was a European, I was deeply engaged in German culture from the age of 14 when I first started learning German, and in a way my whole life was orientated around creating links around rebuilding, if you like, as a Jew, links between myself, in Britain and German culture."

15. Cutaway hands

16. SOUNDBITE (English) Ben Lewis, documentary maker, in the process of applying for restoration of German passport following Brexit vote:

"I have many motivations for wanting to get German citizenship. I am thinking a lot about my child, I want him to have the same advantages in life that I had, you know, to be able to play on a European field. I've worked all over Europe in my life. I love Berlin - I could imagine living there. Perhaps that would happen in the future. And I just want to take a firm stance, a documented stance, something etched in acid on stone, that I object to Brexit."

17. Set up shot of Michael Newman, chief executive of the Association of Jewish Refugees

18. Newman typing

19. SOUNDBITE (English) Michael Newman, chief executive of the Association of Jewish Refugees:

"Well I think this is uppermost in the minds of the government that they are not going to walk away from any post Holocaust responsibilities and I think most people would look at what Germany has done since the Second World War in terms of addressing its past, the culture of remembrance, the educational resources, it's committed to teaching about the holocaust and see that what it has done has been leading the way and if you look at issues like restitution, archive, opening archives, documentation centres, even opening and creating museums, they are, they're leading the way in many respects in dealing with their history. It remains of course very subjective because no amount of blood, money or memorials will satisfy or suffice for some people but in terms of addressing its past and owning up to it and looking into things, it's done much that many other countries haven't."

20. Wide of German Embassy entrance for public

21. Close of entrance

22. Sign reading 'Welcome' in German and English

The Houses of Parliament - an iconic London site that attracts visitors from all over the world.

Tourism is now worth 22.1 billion pounds (32 billion US dollars) annually to the UK, according to Visit Britain, Britain's national tourism agency.

Visit Britain also said that last year there were 36.1 million tourist visits, with 67 percent from the European Union.

On 23 June, the UK will vote in a referendum whether to stay in or out of the EU and many in the tourist industry are concerned that a possible leave vote will jeopardise the European holiday market.

One of those is Kyle Haughton, managing director of City Cruises.

His cruise ships carry 6 million passengers a year - in the height of summer 60 percent are from abroad, the majority from the EU.

Of the 240 staff that he employs, 50 percent are from outside the UK, mostly from the EU.

"Any change or decline in passengers coming into the country is going to affect our business quite lot and there are reports that people in Germany, Italy and France are less likely to come to the UK if we leave the EU than if we stay."

His fears are backed up by UK Inbound, which represents 360 tourist businesses.

Deidre Wells, chief executive of UKinbound has called leaving the EU "economic suicide."

"Why would you remove yourself from a market that provides two thirds of our business for our members," she said.

Tourists had mixed views about a UK "brexit".

Marco Ghiribelli, an Italian tourist, said he thought the UK would be economically better outside.

"It's not economically convenient for the UK to stay in the EU. Brexit makes sense economically as the UK economy is stronger than most of the EU countries."

Others such as Babette Pascalev, a tourist from Germany, said: "I think it is hard now because the idea is to get Europe together not apart."

But others say a Brexit would not make any difference to the tourism business.

They say nothing will change.

Alexander Goransson, travel analyst at Euromonitor International believes the expected drop in sterling following a brexit vote would attract tourists due to an increased spending power.

"In the short term I would expect to see a depreciation of the pound which will have both a positive and negative impact on tourism. UK tourists would be less likely to travel abroad and stay at home, whereas on the other hand the UK would actually become a more attractive destination for inbound tourists as prices would be relatively cheaper."

But most people in the tourist industry are hoping for a remain vote on June 23.

The Houses of Parliament - an iconic London site that attracts visitors from all over the world.

Tourism is now worth 22.1 billion pounds (32 billion US dollars) annually to the UK, according to Visit Britain, Britain's national tourism agency.

Visit Britain also said that last year there were 36.1 million tourist visits, with 67 percent from the European Union.

On 23 June, the UK will vote in a referendum whether to stay in or out of the EU and many in the tourist industry are concerned that a possible leave vote will jeopardise the European holiday market.

One of those is Kyle Haughton, managing director of City Cruises.

His cruise ships carry 6 million passengers a year - in the height of summer 60 percent are from abroad, the majority from the EU.

Of the 240 staff that he employs, 50 percent are from outside the UK, mostly from the EU.

"Any change or decline in passengers coming into the country is going to affect our business quite lot and there are reports that people in Germany, Italy and France are less likely to come to the UK if we leave the EU than if we stay."

His fears are backed up by UK Inbound, which represents 360 tourist businesses.

Deidre Wells, chief executive of UKinbound has called leaving the EU "economic suicide."

"Why would you remove yourself from a market that provides two thirds of our business for our members," she said.

Tourists had mixed views about a UK "brexit".

Marco Ghiribelli, an Italian tourist, said he thought the UK would be economically better outside.

"It's not economically convenient for the UK to stay in the EU. Brexit makes sense economically as the UK economy is stronger than most of the EU countries."

Others such as Babette Pascalev, a tourist from Germany, said: "I think it is hard now because the idea is to get Europe together not apart."

But others say a Brexit would not make any difference to the tourism business.

They say nothing will change.

Alexander Goransson, travel analyst at Euromonitor International believes the expected drop in sterling following a brexit vote would attract tourists due to an increased spending power.

"In the short term I would expect to see a depreciation of the pound which will have both a positive and negative impact on tourism. UK tourists would be less likely to travel abroad and stay at home, whereas on the other hand the UK would actually become a more attractive destination for inbound tourists as prices would be relatively cheaper."

But most people in the tourist industry are hoping for a remain vote on June 23.

London - 2 June 2016

1. Houses of Parliament seen from a river cruise boat

2. Woman taking picture of the Houses of Parliament

3. The London Eye seen from a river cruise boat

4. Part of the London Eye

5. Woman taking photo

6. People on board the river cruise boat

7. St Paul's Cathedral and other buildings

8. River cruise boat approaching Tower Bridge

9. Set up of Kyle Haughton, managing director of City Cruises

10. SOUNDBITE (English) Kyle Haughton, managing director of City Cruises:

"At City Cruises we carry 4 million passengers a year and over half of them come from overseas, the majority of which coming from EU countries, so any change or decline in passengers coming into the country is going to affect our business quite lot and there are reports that people in Germany, Italy and France are less likely to come to the UK if we leave the EU than if we stay."

London - 1 June 2016

11. Various of Deidre Wells, chief executive of UKinbound, at her desk

12. SOUNDBITE (English) Deidre Wells, chief executive of UKinbound:

"I've described it as economic suicide in the past. Why would you deliberately remove yourself from a market that provides two thirds of our business for our members."

London - 2 June 2016

13. People on board the river cruise boat with the Shard in the background

14. Set up of French tourist Kahina Berroua

15. SOUNDBITE (French) Kahina Berroua, French tourist:

"I will be sad. The UK has a lot of power in Europe so it won't be the same."

16. Various of tourists inside the river cruise boat

17. Set up of Marco Ghiribelli, Italian tourist

18. SOUNDBITE (Italian) Marco Ghiribelli, Italian tourist:

"It's not economically convenient for the UK to stay in the EU. Brexit makes sense economically as the UK economy is stronger than most of the EU countries."

19. SOUNDBITE (German) Babette Pascalev, tourist from Germany:

"I think it is hard now because the idea is to get Europe together not apart."

20. Houses of Parliament with open top tourist bus driving past

21. Union Jack flag on top of the Houses of Parliament

22. People on open top bus driving past the Houses of Parliament

23. People on bus

24. People on bus driving past flags

25. Various of Alexander Goransson, travel analyst at Euromonitor International, on laptop

26. SOUNDBITE Alexander Goransson, travel analyst at Euromonitor International:

"In the short term I would expect to see a depreciation of the pound which will have both a positive and negative impact on tourism. UK tourists would be less likely to travel abroad and stay at home, whereas on the other hand the UK would actually become a more attractive destination for inbound tourists as prices would be relatively cheaper."

27. People on open top bus

28. View of London black cabs and Union Jack flags

British voters are deciding in a June 23 referendum on whether or not to leave the 28-nation European Union bloc - a move being called a "Brexit" for short.

From the international banks in the skyscrapers of Canary Wharf to the traditional home of Britain's financial industry in the City of London and the hedge funds of Mayfair, bankers and money managers across the capital are watching the June 23 referendum on EU membership with trepidation.

Many in London, the most pro-EU place in Britain, fear a vote to leave would undermine London's position as the world's pre-eminent financial centre and damage an industry that underpins the British economy.

The London tourist industry is also concerned that a possible leave vote will jeopardise the European holiday market.

UK Prime Minister David Cameron is leading the remain campaign in the EU, while Boris Johnson, the former London mayor and Conservative Party rebel is leading the "leave" campaign with one eye on his political future as a possible prime minister.

British voters are deciding in a June 23 referendum on whether or not to leave the 28-nation European Union bloc - a move being called a "Brexit" for short.

From the international banks in the skyscrapers of Canary Wharf to the traditional home of Britain's financial industry in the City of London and the hedge funds of Mayfair, bankers and money managers across the capital are watching the June 23 referendum on EU membership with trepidation.

Many in London, the most pro-EU place in Britain, fear a vote to leave would undermine London's position as the world's pre-eminent financial centre and damage an industry that underpins the British economy.

The London tourist industry is also concerned that a possible leave vote will jeopardise the European holiday market.

UK Prime Minister David Cameron is leading the remain campaign in the EU, while Boris Johnson, the former London mayor and Conservative Party rebel is leading the "leave" campaign with one eye on his political future as a possible prime minister.

HD Rushes available in \\Source_Clips\News Rushes

London - 24 May 2016

++AERIALS++

1. London Eye in foreground, Big Ben in background, pull out to show Parliament

2. Big Ben

3. Wide of Houses of Parliament

4. Westminster Abbey

5. Wide of river with London Eye

6. London Eye from different angle

7. Boat going under Tower Bridge, London Assembly in Background

8. Tower of London

9. Boat on Thames

10. Shard building, HMS Belfast in background

11. Tilt up Shard, traffic on London Bridge

12. St Paul's Cathedral

13. Wide of City

14. Mid of Gherkin

15. Bank of England

16. Buckingham Palace

17. Close of flag on Palace, pull out

18. MI6 building

19. Tate Modern

20. Globe theatre

21. Cutty Sark

22. Wide of bend in Thames, Canary Wharf

23. Canary Wharf

24. Various of O2 Centre

25. Various of Olympic Park

Uxbridge - 24 May 2016

26. Various of green fields in Uxbridge

In the sunny seaside resort city of Benidorm, which has a vibrant British community of around 3,500 people, British expats expressed their concerns about what a Brexit can mean for them, with work permits, health care and pensions among the top worries.

Their situation will be one of the things to be negotiated between the UK and the European Union in the coming months and years after Britain voted Thursday to leave the bloc.

The British expat community in Spain was split between those who could vote and those, like bar owner Chuck Daulson, who have lived away from Britain for longer than 15 years, disqualifying them from voting in the referendum.

He was concerned he would have to go back to Britain and lose all he's worked for in the 23 years he's lived and worked in Spain.

While being one of the largest communities of British people living abroad with around 300,000 officially registered as residents, Spain is a key holiday destination for British tourists.

The outcome of the vote was also a concern for Spaniards making a living off the tourism industry, which, in places like Benidorm, depends heavily on British travellers.

In the sunny seaside resort city of Benidorm, which has a vibrant British community of around 3,500 people, British expats expressed their concerns about what a Brexit can mean for them, with work permits, health care and pensions among the top worries.

Their situation will be one of the things to be negotiated between the UK and the European Union in the coming months and years after Britain voted Thursday to leave the bloc.

The British expat community in Spain was split between those who could vote and those, like bar owner Chuck Daulson, who have lived away from Britain for longer than 15 years, disqualifying them from voting in the referendum.

He was concerned he would have to go back to Britain and lose all he's worked for in the 23 years he's lived and worked in Spain.

While being one of the largest communities of British people living abroad with around 300,000 officially registered as residents, Spain is a key holiday destination for British tourists.

The outcome of the vote was also a concern for Spaniards making a living off the tourism industry, which, in places like Benidorm, depends heavily on British travellers.

Benidorm - June 24 2016

1. Various of beach in Benidorm

2. Various of tourists watching British Prime Minister David Cameron's resignation on TV in a bar

3. SOUNDBITE (English) Chuck Daulson, Englishman living in Spain for 23 years, 51-year-old bar owner:

"We're very scared because I've been here 23 years, I've got my house, my kids were born here, they've been to Spanish school, I've got a bar, I've got a lot to lose. If I go back to England, I've got nothing. No house. Nothing."

4. England flags hanging in the bar

5. SOUNDBITE (English) Chuck Daulson, Englishman living in Spain for 23 years, 51-year-old bar owner:

"We don't know how we're going to be now, we might have no pension, we might have no medical, we may have to sell our properties, we've lived here for a lot of years, we don't know how it's going to affect us anymore."

6. Various of Sarah, no last name given, serving customers in bar

7. SOUNDBITE (English) Sarah, 28-year-old Londoner living in Benidorm for 3 years, waitress:

"I've got my mum to vote on my behalf for me, I voted 'in' obviously. If we leave the EU, then it's bad on us expats who live here, obviously we'll lose our medical care, we'll lose our right to work without a work permit. Me and my boyfriend, we've lived here for 3 years, we won't get a chance to get a mortgage or anything like that now."

8. Various of people watching the news on TV at a terrace bar

9. SOUNDBITE (English) Julianne, (no last name given), 75-year-old English tourist in Benidorm, retired:

"We want to control our borders and make our own decisions, and for my grandchildren I think it would be better that we're on our own."

10. Various of newspaper stand

11. SOUNDBITE (Spanish) Gemma, (no last name given), Benidorm native working in the tourism industry:

"We make a living out of foreign people, I think 80 percent of tourists coming here to Benidorm and all the coast around are English."

12. Shot of tourist post at the beach

13. SOUNDBITE (Spanish) Gemma, (no last name given), Benidorm native working in the tourism industry:

"We think it can affect us a lot in our business, in the work that we do, so we're concerned about what can happen, and yes we're a little bit scared."

14. Various of Sterling vs Euro currency exchange sign being changed in the street

British residents in Spain were among those watching the EU referendum result closely on Thursday as the UK voted on whether to remain within or leave the European Union.

Spain has one of the largest communities of British people living abroad, with around 300-thousand Brits officially registered as residents.

It is also a key holiday destination for British tourists.

In the seaside resort city of Benidorn, which has a vibrant British community of around 3,500 people, Brits expressed their concerns on Thursday about what a 'Leave' vote would mean for local British residents and tourists, with a possible weaker pound being a key worry for some.

Most people were going out as usual and most clubs didn't broadcast the TV specials on the referendum, although early after polls closed in Britain some people were seen watching the results in at least a couple of bars in the area of Levante Beach.

The British expat community in Spain is split between those who can vote and those who have lived away from Britain for longer than fifteen years, disqualifying them from a say on whether the UK remains in union with their adopted country.

Many of them are afraid of the consequences of a potential Brexit for their status in Spain, which would depend on negotiations between the EU and the UK should the 'Leave' side triumph.

British residents in Spain were among those watching the EU referendum result closely on Thursday as the UK voted on whether to remain within or leave the European Union.

Spain has one of the largest communities of British people living abroad, with around 300-thousand Brits officially registered as residents.

It is also a key holiday destination for British tourists.

In the seaside resort city of Benidorn, which has a vibrant British community of around 3,500 people, Brits expressed their concerns on Thursday about what a 'Leave' vote would mean for local British residents and tourists, with a possible weaker pound being a key worry for some.

Most people were going out as usual and most clubs didn't broadcast the TV specials on the referendum, although early after polls closed in Britain some people were seen watching the results in at least a couple of bars in the area of Levante Beach.

The British expat community in Spain is split between those who can vote and those who have lived away from Britain for longer than fifteen years, disqualifying them from a say on whether the UK remains in union with their adopted country.

Many of them are afraid of the consequences of a potential Brexit for their status in Spain, which would depend on negotiations between the EU and the UK should the 'Leave' side triumph.

Benidorm - 23 June 2016

++NIGHT SHOTS++

1. Various of coast promenade in Benidorm

2. Close of Union Jack bunting

3. Various of nightclubs

4. Television screen showing news programme on EU Referendum

5. Louise Bell, 42-years-old, UK-born but has been living in Spain for 19 years, watching television programme on EU referendum

6. SOUNDBITE (English) Louise Bell, born in Nottingham but has been living in Spain for 19 years:

"I believe that it's not going to make much difference if we come out of the Euro (sic.). I think everything will stay more or less the same as it was 19 years ago; it's just that you would have to have a work permit to come over to Spain, which I think is more safer for the people travelling around, people with no papers will be more controlled. And my vote is out, because I'm English and I think I deserve, for my country, for my family, that they get the best from their own country."

7. Jim Lions and his wife, UK tourists, watching television coverage

8. SOUNDBITE (English) Jim Lions, 58-years-old, UK tourist in Benidorm:

"I have not voted because I've been here in Benidorm on holiday."

9. Close of Jim Lions

10. SOUNDBITE (English) Jim Lions, 58-years-old, UK tourist in Benidorm:

"I vote we stay in because it's good for a lot of British, could be a lot of problems if we go alone, it's good for companies, the company I work for we deal all over Europe, so it's very good for us."

11. Close of sign reading "Titanic Bar"

12. Bar customers having a drink and watching television coverage

13. SOUNDBITE (English) Denise Wood, 60-years-old, UK tourist:

"I voted by proxy before I came away, I voted to come out of the EU and I don't think that our country benefits from the EU, and I don't think that the politicians know what to do with the country."

14. Various of bars in Benidorm

British residents in Spain were among those watching the EU referendum result closely on Thursday as the UK voted whether to reamain a part of, or leave the European Union.

While one of the largest communities of British people living abroad with around 300,000 Brits officially registered as resident, Spain is also a key holiday destination for British tourists.

In the sunny seaside resort city of Benidorn, which has a vibrant British community of around 3,500 people, beachgoers expressed their concerns on Thursday about what a 'Leave' vote would mean for local British residents and tourists, with a possible weaker pound being a key worry for some.

The British expat community in Spain is split between those who can vote and those who have lived away from Britain for longer than fifteen years, disqualifying them from a say on whether the UK remains in union with their adopted country.

Many of them are afraid of the consequences of a potential Brexit for their status in Spain, which would depend on negotiations between the EU and the UK should the 'Leave' side triumph.

Some of the British people holidaying in Spain expressed their oppinion about the referendum.

British residents in Spain were among those watching the EU referendum result closely on Thursday as the UK voted whether to reamain a part of, or leave the European Union.

While one of the largest communities of British people living abroad with around 300,000 Brits officially registered as resident, Spain is also a key holiday destination for British tourists.

In the sunny seaside resort city of Benidorn, which has a vibrant British community of around 3,500 people, beachgoers expressed their concerns on Thursday about what a 'Leave' vote would mean for local British residents and tourists, with a possible weaker pound being a key worry for some.

The British expat community in Spain is split between those who can vote and those who have lived away from Britain for longer than fifteen years, disqualifying them from a say on whether the UK remains in union with their adopted country.

Many of them are afraid of the consequences of a potential Brexit for their status in Spain, which would depend on negotiations between the EU and the UK should the 'Leave' side triumph.

Some of the British people holidaying in Spain expressed their oppinion about the referendum.

Benidorm - 23 June 2016

1. Various of beach in Benidorm

2. SOUNDBITE (English) Karen Maining, 50-years-old, UK-born but has been living in Benidorm for 23 years, translator and teacher, cannot vote in the referendum:

"I'm unable to vote because I've lived here over the 10 year period, which makes me a permanent resident of Spain, but I'm obviously British born"

3. Beach

4. SOUNDBITE (English) Karen Maining, 50-years-old, UK-born but has been living in Benidorm for 23 years, translator and teacher, cannot vote in the referendum:

"I think a lot of people are very scared to leave; they'd like to leave but they're scared for the one reason that they live in Spain. I think the majority here that can vote would vote for in, because they're scared that they would have to leave. Again, that's a shame, because that's lack of information. You know, I don't think ... Spain does very well out of tourism, and I don't think in any instance would Spain want to lose the tourism that it has."

5. British tourists seated on a bar terrace

6. SOUNDBITE (English) Donald George, 71-years-old, Englishman traveling as tourist in Benidorm, voted 'Remain' via postal vote:

"If we leave the EU, I'm sure that the rate of Sterling against the Euro would … "Whooosh" (gesturing upwards with hands)…. It would explode, we couldn't afford to take our holidays in Europe anymore".

7. Various of Becky and her daughter playing on the beach

8. SOUNDBITE (English) Becky (no surname given), 25-years-old, from Leeds, housewife, voted 'Remain' via postal vote:

"I've postal-voted in for the sake of our country to be united and safe and welcoming to all".

9. Various of beach

10. Crowds drinking at bar

The UK's imminent exit from the EU is making Britons from diverse communities apply for citizenship in European countries - including some whose continental roots are linked to a deeply traumatic history.

Simon Wallfisch grew up in London as the grandson of an Auschwitz survivor who swore to never return to the country that murdered her parents and six million other Jews.

But more than 70 years after the Holocaust, Wallfisch and thousands of other Jews in Britain have been applying for restoration of German citizenship which was stripped from their ancestors by the Nazis during the Third Reich.

Their surprising decision was triggered by Brexit - the impending withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union.

The country is scheduled to leave the EU on March 29, and among other things, Britons stand to lose the privileges of free movement and work across the 28-nation bloc that they have enjoyed for the last decades.

"This nationalistic movement that has led to this disaster that we call Brexit, has led me to just finding a way to secure my future and my children's future," said Wallfisch, a well-known classical singer and cellist, who received his German passport in October.

"In order to remain European, I've taken the German citizenship," he said.

Many Britons, whose ancestors came from other parts of Europe, have tried claiming citizenship in other EU member states so they can retain ties to the continent.

But for Jews whose families fled Germany to escape the Nazis, the decision meant re-examining long-held beliefs about the country that once persecuted them.

Wallfisch's grandmother Anita Lasker-Wallfisch was 18 years old when in December 1943 she was deported to Auschwitz, the Nazi-run death camp in occupied Poland where more than one million Jews were murdered.

She survived because she was a member of the camp's girls' orchestra.

As a cellist, she had to play classical music while the other Jews were taken to the gas chambers.

In November 1944, she was taken to the concentration camp Bergen-Belsen, where she was eventually liberated by the British Army in April 1945.

Lasker-Wallfisch migrated to Great Britain in 1946, got married and had two children.

Her career as a famous cello player took her around the world, but it was decades before she overcame her hatred and set foot on German soil again.

Only in recent years has Lasker-Wallfisch, now 93, become a regular visitor, educating children in Germany about the Holocaust.

On International Holocaust Remembrance Day on Sunday, Lasker-Wallfisch, her grandson Simon and her daughter Maya Jacobs Lasker-Wallfisch performed for the first time together on stage at the Jewish Museum Berlin in commemoration of their family.

They played music with other members of their extended family and read letters from the past as a tribute to those who survived and those who perished in the Shoah.

Before the start of the show, the three generations were sitting next to each other on a red couch in the museum's dressing room, discussing their reasons for reclaiming the German nationality.

"We cannot be victims of our past, we have to have some hope for change," said Maya Jacobs Lasker-Wallfisch, a 60-year-old London psychotherapist who has also applied for a German passport.

"I feel somehow in a strange way triumphant. Something is coming full circle."

Her application is one of more than 3,380 requests for repatriation that the German Embassy in London has received since the Brexit referendum in June 2016.

In comparison, only about 20 such requests were made annually in the years before Brexit.

The applicants are taking advantage of Article 116 of the German constitution that allows the descendants of people persecuted by the Nazis to regain the citizenship that was removed from them between 1933 and 1945.

For many Jews who are seeking restoration of their citizenship, the passport comes in handy because it retains their ability to travel easily from country to country, maintain business ties or simply makes sure they remain a part of Europe.

But Jacobs Lasker-Wallfisch says there are other, more emotional reasons for her getting back German citizenship.

"I feel an aliveness here (in Berlin) that I have not experienced before, but it totally makes sense because after all I am German," she said adding that if the country where all these cruelties against Jews and other minorities were planned and executed is now a country that welcomes the descendants of the victims, "that's a good thing".

Anita Lasker-Wallfisch, the Holocaust survivor, has a more sober and pessimistic view of life.

"Jewish people never feel secure ... even with your German nationality," she said to her daughter and grandson, reminding them of her own past. "I had German nationality; it did not buy security."

Berlin - 28 January 2019

1. Simon Wallfisch cleaning his cello

2. Various of Wallfisch rehearsing

3. Concert at Jewish museum

4. Wallfisch playing

5. Simon Wallfisch together with his aunt Maya Jacobs Lasker-Wallfisch and grandmother Anita Lasker-Wallfisch

6. SOUNDBITE (English) Simon Wallfisch, Grandson of Auschwitz survivor Anita Lasker-Wallfisch:

"This nationalistic movement that has led to this disaster that we call Brexit, has led me to just finding a way to secure my future and my children's future. In order to remain European, I've taken the German citizenship."

7. Tilt up of Maya Jacobs Lasker-Wallfisch

8. Wide of concert

9. Maya Jacobs Lasker-Wallfisch in audience

10. SOUNDBITE (English) Maya Jacobs Lasker-Wallfisch, Daughter of Auschwitz survivor Anita Lasker-Wallfisch:

"We cannot be victims of our past. We have to have some hope for change. I feel somehow in a strange way triumphant. Something is coming full circle."

11. Various of Anita Lasker-Wallfisch in audience and on stage

12. SOUNDBITE (English) Anita Lasker-Wallfisch, Auschwitz survivor:

"But because Jewish people never feel secure, and even with your German nationality, I had German nationality, you did not buy security."

13. Maya Jacobs Lasker-Wallfisch, Simon Wallfisch, at table

14. SOUNDBITE (English) Simon Wallfisch, Grandson of Auschwitz survivor Anita Lasker-Wallfisch:

"Great Britain has an illness and they are choosing the wrong medicine to cure it. Leaving the EU will not cure the deep, deep problems that are in our society. So maybe what has to happen is that they have to leave. Things have to get worse and then they will think, 'well, that didn't work, let's maybe actually now work on what the problem is'."

15. Lasker-Wallfisch family members on stage

16. Audience clapping

17. Simon Wallfisch and Anita Lasker-Wallfisch on stage

18. Simon Wallfisch and Anita Lasker-Wallfisch leaving stage

LEADIN:

Design can be artistic, functional, sometimes inspiring. Now, a new exhibit at London's Design Museum is showing how it can be daringly political.

'Hope to Nope' explores ten years of politically-charged graphic design, in response to a turbulent decade around the globe.

STORYLINE:

Alongside traditional posters and banners, the Design Museum's new exhibit charts the rise of digital media and social networking.

This, curators say, has given new graphic creations an extraordinary new reach.

"The different platforms or mediums in which these messages can be carried or presented or shared is what really is different about this moment in time," says curator Margaret Cubbage.

"This period, this decade, we've seen a shift in terms of technology."

The exhibit covers a range of political events - from the 2008 financial crash and the Barack Obama presidency, to the Occupy Movement, Brexit and the election of Donald Trump.

There's also works from the Arab Spring, the Charlie Hebdo attacks, North and South Korea.

It shows how the establishment has often used graphic design to assert its authority.

That iconography is sometimes subverted by activists and opponents.

"Very powerful ideas can be summed up in a matter of a few words and one image," says Lucienne Roberts, co-founder of GraphicDesign&, who helped curate the exhibit.

"And that's what the technology, in a way, has encouraged, is brevity. And so much of that is about the graphic design, absolutely. Where you place the emphasis on one word rather than another, how big an image it is, how big a face is, or how big an object is."

These pictures show an anti-sexual harassment campaign in the Chinese city of Guangzhou.

Having had attempts to hang their anti-harassment posters in a subway station rejected, feminist activists encouraged supporters to act as "human billboards" instead.

"These posters are basically an anti-sexual harassment campaign, and because she was denied the right to show them in a more orthodox way, she gets on to trains and just holds them up," explains Roberts.

"What's interesting is her bravery, which is we from a UK perspective wouldn't quite understand."

One exhibit section explores graphic representations of leading political figures, including Britain's Prime Minister Theresa May and opposition leader Jeremy Corbyn.

US President Donald Trump's recognisable image appears on over 50 international magazine covers, including The Economist, TIME and Der Spiegel.

"It's very hard to deny that Trump himself has become almost like a walking piece of graphic design," says Roberts.

"And he's what we could call a graphic icon. So, that wall we have of magazine covers, were illustrators, with incredible brevity, still manage to convey a lot, is because he is so identifiable, his hair, his tie, and his jacket. You know, any of those components now, singularly, would still say Trump."

The exhibit also features numerous graphic works made by supposed amateurs.

There's protest banners from women's marches in the United States and leaflets from London's Occupy movement.

Cubbage says it shows how graphic design has the power to reach out and empower people.

"These images can have the ability to really reach out and connect with other people and create communities," she says.

"We wanted to empower people with that message and show that graphic design has a place to really communicate and bring together people."

'Hope to Nope: Graphics and Politics 2008-18' runs 28 March - 12 August 2018 at London's Design Museum.

London, UK - 27 March 2018

1. Wide of visitor looking at display at The Design Museum's new exhibit 'Hope to Nope: Graphics and Politics 2008-18'

2. Tilt up of 'Hope' poster by Shepard Fairey

3. Tilt up of t-shirt with Hilary Clinton 2016 campaign badges

4. Various of 'Bye-EU' tapestry print by The Sun, 2018

5. Various of 'A man was lynched by police yesterday' by Dread Scott

6. Mid of 'Official Protestors of the London 2012 Olympic Games' t-shirt by Space Hijackers, 2012

7. Various of 'Rogue Won' poster by Sabo, 2016

8. SOUNDBITE (English) Margaret Cubbage, Curator, Design Museum:

"The different platforms or mediums in which these messages can be carried or presented or shared is what really is different about this moment in time. This period, this decade, we've seen a shift in terms of technology."

9. Various of Jeremy Corbyn t-shirt and comic books

10. SOUNDBITE (English) Lucienne Roberts, Co-Founder of GraphicDesign&:

"The role of graphic design within politics, it's so core, it's so essential. And it's probably the area that we feel most passionate about, in relation to GraphicDesign&, because it can make a difference. It can really make a difference."

11. Various of inflatable duck from 'I Will Not Pay the Duck' protests in Brazil, 2015/16

12. Various of posters

13. Various of 'Black Lives Matter' quilt by Shelley Hoffman, 2018

14. Pan right of '24Hearts community art project' by Sophie Lodge, 2017

15. Various of 'Pins Won't Save the World' merchandise on t-shirt by Sagmeister & Walsh, 2016

16. SOUNDBITE (English) Lucienne Roberts, Co-Founder of GraphicDesign&:

"Very powerful ideas can be summed up in a matter of a few words and one image. And that's what the technology, in a way, has encouraged, is brevity. And so much of that is about the graphic design, absolutely. Where you place the emphasis on one word rather than another, how big an image it is, how big a face is, or how big an object is."

17. Wide pan left of posters from North and South Korea

18. Various of North Korean posters, 2010/2011

19. Various of 'Satirical Paintings' by Song Byeok, 2013

20. Various of photos, showing 'I am a Billboard' anti-sexual harassment campaign, 2016

21. SOUNDBITE (English) Lucienne Roberts, Co-Founder of GraphicDesign&:

"These posters are basically an anti-sexual harassment campaign, and because she was denied the right to show them in a more orthodox way, she gets on to trains and just holds them up. What's interesting is her bravery, which is we from a UK perspective wouldn't quite understand."

22. Various of Donald Trump magazine covers, 2014 onwards

23. Tilt down of 'Make America Great Again' cap, 2015

24. SOUNDBITE (English) Lucienne Roberts, Co-Founder of GraphicDesign&:

"It's very hard to deny that Trump himself has become almost like a walking piece of graphic design. And he's what we could call a graphic icon. So, that wall we have of magazine covers, were illustrators, with incredible brevity, still manage to convey a lot, is because he is so identifiable, his hair, his tie, and his jacket. You know, any of those components now, singularly, would still say Trump."

25. Various of 'Women's March' placards, 2016/17

26. Various of table with several items on display

27. Various of 'Occupy St. Paul's' protest materials, 2011/12

28. SOUNDBITE (English) Margaret Cubbage, Curator, Design Museum:

"These images can have the ability to really reach out and connect with other people and create communities, which we wanted to empower people with that message and show that graphic design has a place to really communicate and bring together people."

29. Mid of 'Hope' poster by Shepard Fairey

LEADIN:

Design can be artistic, functional, sometimes inspiring. Now, a new exhibit at London's Design Museum is showing how it can be daringly political.

'Hope to Nope' explores ten years of politically-charged graphic design, in response to a turbulent decade around the globe.

STORYLINE:

Alongside traditional posters and banners, the Design Museum's new exhibit charts the rise of digital media and social networking.

This, curators say, has given new graphic creations an extraordinary new reach.

"The different platforms or mediums in which these messages can be carried or presented or shared is what really is different about this moment in time," says curator Margaret Cubbage.

"This period, this decade, we've seen a shift in terms of technology."

The exhibit covers a range of political events - from the 2008 financial crash and the Barack Obama presidency, to the Occupy Movement, Brexit and the election of Donald Trump.

There's also works from the Arab Spring, the Charlie Hebdo attacks, North and South Korea.

It shows how the establishment has often used graphic design to assert its authority.

That iconography is sometimes subverted by activists and opponents.

"Very powerful ideas can be summed up in a matter of a few words and one image," says Lucienne Roberts, co-founder of GraphicDesign&, who helped curate the exhibit.

"And that's what the technology, in a way, has encouraged, is brevity. And so much of that is about the graphic design, absolutely. Where you place the emphasis on one word rather than another, how big an image it is, how big a face is, or how big an object is."

These pictures show an anti-sexual harassment campaign in the Chinese city of Guangzhou.

Having had attempts to hang their anti-harassment posters in a subway station rejected, feminist activists encouraged supporters to act as "human billboards" instead.

"These posters are basically an anti-sexual harassment campaign, and because she was denied the right to show them in a more orthodox way, she gets on to trains and just holds them up," explains Roberts.

"What's interesting is her bravery, which is we from a UK perspective wouldn't quite understand."

One exhibit section explores graphic representations of leading political figures, including Britain's Prime Minister Theresa May and opposition leader Jeremy Corbyn.

US President Donald Trump's recognisable image appears on over 50 international magazine covers, including The Economist, TIME and Der Spiegel.

"It's very hard to deny that Trump himself has become almost like a walking piece of graphic design," says Roberts.

"And he's what we could call a graphic icon. So, that wall we have of magazine covers, were illustrators, with incredible brevity, still manage to convey a lot, is because he is so identifiable, his hair, his tie, and his jacket. You know, any of those components now, singularly, would still say Trump."

The exhibit also features numerous graphic works made by supposed amateurs.

There's protest banners from women's marches in the United States and leaflets from London's Occupy movement.

Cubbage says it shows how graphic design has the power to reach out and empower people.

"These images can have the ability to really reach out and connect with other people and create communities," she says.

"We wanted to empower people with that message and show that graphic design has a place to really communicate and bring together people."

'Hope to Nope: Graphics and Politics 2008-18' runs 28 March - 12 August 2018 at London's Design Museum.

London, UK - 27 March 2018

1. Wide of visitor looking at display at The Design Museum's new exhibit 'Hope to Nope: Graphics and Politics 2008-18'

2. Tilt up of 'Hope' poster by Shepard Fairey

3. Tilt up of t-shirt with Hilary Clinton 2016 campaign badges

4. Various of 'Bye-EU' tapestry print by The Sun, 2018

5. Various of 'A man was lynched by police yesterday' by Dread Scott

6. Mid of 'Official Protestors of the London 2012 Olympic Games' t-shirt by Space Hijackers, 2012

7. Various of 'Rogue Won' poster by Sabo, 2016

8. SOUNDBITE (English) Margaret Cubbage, Curator, Design Museum:

"The different platforms or mediums in which these messages can be carried or presented or shared is what really is different about this moment in time. This period, this decade, we've seen a shift in terms of technology."

9. Various of Jeremy Corbyn t-shirt and comic books

10. SOUNDBITE (English) Lucienne Roberts, Co-Founder of GraphicDesign&:

"The role of graphic design within politics, it's so core, it's so essential. And it's probably the area that we feel most passionate about, in relation to GraphicDesign&, because it can make a difference. It can really make a difference."

11. Various of inflatable duck from 'I Will Not Pay the Duck' protests in Brazil, 2015/16

12. Various of posters

13. Various of 'Black Lives Matter' quilt by Shelley Hoffman, 2018

14. Pan right of '24Hearts community art project' by Sophie Lodge, 2017

15. Various of 'Pins Won't Save the World' merchandise on t-shirt by Sagmeister & Walsh, 2016

16. SOUNDBITE (English) Lucienne Roberts, Co-Founder of GraphicDesign&:

"Very powerful ideas can be summed up in a matter of a few words and one image. And that's what the technology, in a way, has encouraged, is brevity. And so much of that is about the graphic design, absolutely. Where you place the emphasis on one word rather than another, how big an image it is, how big a face is, or how big an object is."

17. Wide pan left of posters from North and South Korea

18. Various of North Korean posters, 2010/2011

19. Various of 'Satirical Paintings' by Song Byeok, 2013

20. Various of photos, showing 'I am a Billboard' anti-sexual harassment campaign, 2016

21. SOUNDBITE (English) Lucienne Roberts, Co-Founder of GraphicDesign&:

"These posters are basically an anti-sexual harassment campaign, and because she was denied the right to show them in a more orthodox way, she gets on to trains and just holds them up. What's interesting is her bravery, which is we from a UK perspective wouldn't quite understand."

22. Various of Donald Trump magazine covers, 2014 onwards

23. Tilt down of 'Make America Great Again' cap, 2015

24. SOUNDBITE (English) Lucienne Roberts, Co-Founder of GraphicDesign&:

"It's very hard to deny that Trump himself has become almost like a walking piece of graphic design. And he's what we could call a graphic icon. So, that wall we have of magazine covers, were illustrators, with incredible brevity, still manage to convey a lot, is because he is so identifiable, his hair, his tie, and his jacket. You know, any of those components now, singularly, would still say Trump."

25. Various of 'Women's March' placards, 2016/17

26. Various of table with several items on display

27. Various of 'Occupy St. Paul's' protest materials, 2011/12

28. SOUNDBITE (English) Margaret Cubbage, Curator, Design Museum:

"These images can have the ability to really reach out and connect with other people and create communities, which we wanted to empower people with that message and show that graphic design has a place to really communicate and bring together people."

29. Mid of 'Hope' poster by Shepard Fairey