FOR CLEAN VERSION SEE STORY NUMBER: 4038463

LEAD IN:

UK wine industry experts are eyeing the upcoming vote on whether to leave the European Union with mixed feelings.

With producers and suppliers heavily reliant on pan-European trade, many remain unsure how Brexit will impact upon business.

STORY-LINE:

Sparkling wine on a summer's day in the English capital.

Glistening flutes and bottles in abundance, and a crowd of happy lunchtime drinkers add to the atmosphere of excitement and discovery, along with an impromptu game of ping pong.

It must be London Wine Week.

This is the third year of the festival, and this year is the most popular to date.

Festival director Emma Murphy says "It's the largest self-guided wine tasting that there is across London. It's kind of the only event of its kind that we have over here. So we work with 125 bars, restaurants, independent merchants who all get involved" .

But although these flutes of fizz are English sparkling wine, much of the wine the festival goers here are tasting is from EU member states such as France, Spain, Portugal, Italy and Germany.

The June 23 referendum on whether to quit the European Union is fast approaching. So is this something the industry should fear?

"I wouldn't have said so," says Murphy.

"Wine trade has been going for long enough, even long before the euro, so I wouldn't have thought that would make much difference to be honest with you. Hopefully not anyway."

At the festival hub on London's Devonshire Square, there are pop-up bars featuring wines from across Europe.

These two young graduate trainees are enjoying wines from Portugal, and with their festival wristband, it costs them just five British Pounds for a flight of three.

Oscar Stenbom and Anna Rogers both agree that things may well be different if Britain leaves the union.

"If it's more expensive for them to send the wine here, if there's more tariffs, then yeah I guess it would be," says Anna, while Oscar is concerned about regulation and labelling:

"It would also be more difficult to know what you are drinking because there won't be as many restrictions on labelling the wine based on where it's actually from and the grape it's actually come from."

The New Street wine shop has been taken over by the wine festival. They sell wines from all over the world but today they are holding a tasting featuring wines from Ribera del Duero in northern Spain.

Most wine drinkers know about the region of Rioja, but Bettina Lemm is informing these festival goers about the region she represents.

"I think they (wines of Ribera del Duero) are still an emerging market, especially in the UK. The UK is an important market for Ribera del Duero, it's the seventh-largest export market for Ribera del Duero but I think that we're still establishing ourselves."

But if the UK is an important export market, is Brexit going to throw the proverbial spanner into the works? Lemm doesn't seem too worried "I think at the moment we're pretty confident as we've seen year to year that exports have grown. I think that's going to continue and I don't think it's a worry that we have at the moment," she says.

Wine used to have a rather old fashioned reputation and a comparatively elderly demographic, but this has changed enormously in recent years.

The prevalence of wine clubs popping up in the UK is an indicator of wine's increasing popularity.

Tom Harrow of Honest Grapes explains why this is "I think this is because people want to engage more with what's in the bottle. It's not just liquid, they want to know the stories behind it, they want to meet the people involved. And there's the sociable aspect, you know wine is fundamentally something which we do with other people," he says.

With 125 venues across the metropolis taking part in this festival, there's plenty of opportunity to enjoy it with friends.

But with such enthusiasm for wine spreading across the country, June 23 could bring disruption, according to Harrow "It's fair to say that we're a bit concerned about the possibilities of Brexit, I think the rising price of the euro against the pound will have a serious effect on quality wine. At the moment more than 60 percent of wine that comes into the UK is shipped in massive great tankers and bottled over here and that's not something we get involved with. But that becomes the only affordable way if the pound plummets against the euro. So I think that it won't be a good thing initially for the wine consumer because the prices of these small artisan wines will go up" .

However, the future might be bright in other, unexpected ways.

"All the English wine makers that I speak to say we are half a degree away from being a perfect climate for sparkling wines at least," says Harrow, and with apologies to climate change icon Al Gore, he adds that "global warming is a good thing for the UK sparkling wine trade."

Reports by the WSTA (Wine and Spirit Trade Association) suggest there is still some way to go as the UK comes in at number six on the list of sales of sparkling wine by origin - but it's rising year on year.

600 million bottles of wine are bottled in the UK.

This makes the UK wine market the sixth largest in the world, generating 173 billion British pounds of economic activity, according to the WSTA. 10 billion British pounds are made through sales.

Also being showcased here is one of the new kids on the alcohol block, Regal Rogue Vermouth.

According to brand founder Mark Ward, vermouth, by definition, is 75 percent wine. It must have wormwood and it must have an ABV (alcohol by volume) of 15 to 24 percent. These three things have to be in place for a producer to put vermouth on the bottle or it flouts recent EU regulations.

Ward, who was brought up in hospitality, began the project in Australia where he worked closely with top Australian chefs who introduced him to indigenous herbs and spices.

"It seemed like a really obvious thing to do, marrying the herbs and spices with this abundance of Australian wine to create a New World style of vermouth. And you know the tradition of vermouth is really led by the European markets. You know, Italian, French, now Spanish - but now there are vermouths coming out of America, the UK, Germany and obviously Australia. So pretty much anywhere where you find wine now, you will find a vermouth of some sort." he says.

Ward is attempting to educate the wine drinking market which, he believes, is mostly unaware of the fact that vermouth is fundamentally a wine.

This can only be helped by a new pop up for 2016, the Vermouth Bar.

The parent company of London Wine Week is the aptly named "Drink Up London", and they're already preparing for the 2017 event - Brexit or no Brexit.

FOR CLEAN VERSION SEE STORY NUMBER: 4038463

LEAD IN:

UK wine industry experts are eyeing the upcoming vote on whether to leave the European Union with mixed feelings.

With producers and suppliers heavily reliant on pan-European trade, many remain unsure how Brexit will impact upon business.

STORY-LINE:

Sparkling wine on a summer's day in the English capital.

Glistening flutes and bottles in abundance, and a crowd of happy lunchtime drinkers add to the atmosphere of excitement and discovery, along with an impromptu game of ping pong.

It must be London Wine Week.

This is the third year of the festival, and this year is the most popular to date.

Festival director Emma Murphy says "It's the largest self-guided wine tasting that there is across London. It's kind of the only event of its kind that we have over here. So we work with 125 bars, restaurants, independent merchants who all get involved" .

But although these flutes of fizz are English sparkling wine, much of the wine the festival goers here are tasting is from EU member states such as France, Spain, Portugal, Italy and Germany.

The June 23 referendum on whether to quit the European Union is fast approaching. So is this something the industry should fear?

"I wouldn't have said so," says Murphy.

"Wine trade has been going for long enough, even long before the euro, so I wouldn't have thought that would make much difference to be honest with you. Hopefully not anyway."

At the festival hub on London's Devonshire Square, there are pop-up bars featuring wines from across Europe.

These two young graduate trainees are enjoying wines from Portugal, and with their festival wristband, it costs them just five British Pounds for a flight of three.

Oscar Stenbom and Anna Rogers both agree that things may well be different if Britain leaves the union.

"If it's more expensive for them to send the wine here, if there's more tariffs, then yeah I guess it would be," says Anna, while Oscar is concerned about regulation and labelling:

"It would also be more difficult to know what you are drinking because there won't be as many restrictions on labelling the wine based on where it's actually from and the grape it's actually come from."

The New Street wine shop has been taken over by the wine festival. They sell wines from all over the world but today they are holding a tasting featuring wines from Ribera del Duero in northern Spain.

Most wine drinkers know about the region of Rioja, but Bettina Lemm is informing these festival goers about the region she represents.

"I think they (wines of Ribera del Duero) are still an emerging market, especially in the UK. The UK is an important market for Ribera del Duero, it's the seventh-largest export market for Ribera del Duero but I think that we're still establishing ourselves."

But if the UK is an important export market, is Brexit going to throw the proverbial spanner into the works? Lemm doesn't seem too worried "I think at the moment we're pretty confident as we've seen year to year that exports have grown. I think that's going to continue and I don't think it's a worry that we have at the moment," she says.

Wine used to have a rather old fashioned reputation and a comparatively elderly demographic, but this has changed enormously in recent years.

The prevalence of wine clubs popping up in the UK is an indicator of wine's increasing popularity.

Tom Harrow of Honest Grapes explains why this is "I think this is because people want to engage more with what's in the bottle. It's not just liquid, they want to know the stories behind it, they want to meet the people involved. And there's the sociable aspect, you know wine is fundamentally something which we do with other people," he says.

With 125 venues across the metropolis taking part in this festival, there's plenty of opportunity to enjoy it with friends.

But with such enthusiasm for wine spreading across the country, June 23 could bring disruption, according to Harrow "It's fair to say that we're a bit concerned about the possibilities of Brexit, I think the rising price of the euro against the pound will have a serious effect on quality wine. At the moment more than 60 percent of wine that comes into the UK is shipped in massive great tankers and bottled over here and that's not something we get involved with. But that becomes the only affordable way if the pound plummets against the euro. So I think that it won't be a good thing initially for the wine consumer because the prices of these small artisan wines will go up" .

However, the future might be bright in other, unexpected ways.

"All the English wine makers that I speak to say we are half a degree away from being a perfect climate for sparkling wines at least," says Harrow, and with apologies to climate change icon Al Gore, he adds that "global warming is a good thing for the UK sparkling wine trade."

Reports by the WSTA (Wine and Spirit Trade Association) suggest there is still some way to go as the UK comes in at number six on the list of sales of sparkling wine by origin - but it's rising year on year.

600 million bottles of wine are bottled in the UK.

This makes the UK wine market the sixth largest in the world, generating 173 billion British pounds of economic activity, according to the WSTA. 10 billion British pounds are made through sales.

Also being showcased here is one of the new kids on the alcohol block, Regal Rogue Vermouth.

According to brand founder Mark Ward, vermouth, by definition, is 75 percent wine. It must have wormwood and it must have an ABV (alcohol by volume) of 15 to 24 percent. These three things have to be in place for a producer to put vermouth on the bottle or it flouts recent EU regulations.

Ward, who was brought up in hospitality, began the project in Australia where he worked closely with top Australian chefs who introduced him to indigenous herbs and spices.

"It seemed like a really obvious thing to do, marrying the herbs and spices with this abundance of Australian wine to create a New World style of vermouth. And you know the tradition of vermouth is really led by the European markets. You know, Italian, French, now Spanish - but now there are vermouths coming out of America, the UK, Germany and obviously Australia. So pretty much anywhere where you find wine now, you will find a vermouth of some sort." he says.

Ward is attempting to educate the wine drinking market which, he believes, is mostly unaware of the fact that vermouth is fundamentally a wine.

This can only be helped by a new pop up for 2016, the Vermouth Bar.

The parent company of London Wine Week is the aptly named "Drink Up London", and they're already preparing for the 2017 event - Brexit or no Brexit.

AP Television

London - 27 May 2016

1. Close of wine glasses

2. Bartender pouring sparkling wine

3. Tilt down on central courtyard at Devonshire Square, the hub for London Wine Week

4. Group of friends enjoying English sparkling wine

5. Men playing table tennis

6. Sign reading (English) "London Wine Week"

7. Set up shot of Emma Murphy, director of London Wine Week

8. SOUNDBITE (English) Emma Murphy, director of London Wine Week

"What's unique about it? It's the largest self-guided wine tasting that there is across London. It's kind of the only event of its kind that we have over here. So we work with 125 bars, restaurants, independent merchants who all get involved whether that's with offers, special menus or ticketed events across the week."

9. Two women with wine flight selection

10. SOUNDBITE (English) Emma Murphy, director of London Wine Week

(Responding to the question Do you think a Brexit will affect the wine industry negatively?)

"I wouldn't have said so, because I mean, I think, you know, wine trade has been going for long enough, even long before the euro, so I wouldn't have thought that would make much difference to be honest with you. Hopefully not anyway."

11. Sign reading (English) "Pop into our pop up wine bars"

12. Various of Portuguese wine pop up

13. Mid of graduate trainees in insurance Oscar Stenpom and Anna Rogers

14. Flight of Portuguese wines

15. SOUNDBITE (English) Oscar Stenbom and Anna Rogers, Insurance Graduate Trainees:

(Responding to question Do you think a Brexit will mean it will be more difficult for people to access quality wine?)

Stenbom: "Yes,"

Rogers: "I guess so, I mean if it's more expensive for them to send the wine here, if there's more tariffs, then yeah I guess it would be."

Stenbom: "It would also be more difficult to know what you're drinking, because there won't be as many restrictions on labelling the wine based on where it's actually from and the grape it's actually come from."

16. Pull focus of Spanish wine labels

17. Vintage bottles of fortified wine

18. Side view of Spanish wine bottles

19. Set up shot of Bettina Lemm with wines from Ribera del Duero in northern Spain

20. SOUNDBITE (English) Bettina Lemm, Westbury Communications (which represents the Ribera del Duero region in the UK):

"I think they (wines of Ribera del Duero) are still an emerging market, especially in the UK. The UK is an important market for Ribera del Duero, it's the seventh-largest export market for Ribera del Duero, but I think that we're still establishing ourselves. A lot of people know some big names from the region, and we're just trying to bring attention to some other grape producers who might not yet have the same recognition."

21. Close of wine labels

22. SOUNDBITE (English) Bettina Lemm, Westbury Communications (who represent the Ribera del Duero region in the UK):

(Responding to the question are you worried about the possibility of a Brexit affecting your export market?)

"I think at the moment we're pretty confident, as we've seen year to year that exports have grown. I think that's going to continue and I don't think it's a worry that we have at the moment."

23. Pan from mediaeval knight sculpture to pop up courtyard

24. Mid of Provence wines pop up

25. Establisher shot of Tom Harrow, wine director of Honest Grapes Wine Club

26. Close of Harrow eyeing the wine

27. SOUNDBITE (English) Tom Harrow, wine director of Honest Grapes:

"There's been a real rise in wine clubs in London and the UK generally of late, and I think this is because people want to engage more with what's in the bottle. It's not just liquid, they want to know the stories behind it, they want to meet the people involved. And there's the sociable aspect, you know wine is fundamentally something which we do with other people."

28. Mid of woman laughing over a glass of wine

29. SOUNDBITE (English) Tom Harrow, wine director of Honest Grapes:

"It's fair to say that we're a bit concerned about the possibilities of Brexit, I think the rising price of the euro against the pound will have a serious effect on quality wine. At the moment more than 60 percent of wine that comes into the UK is shipped in massive great tankers and then bottled over here and that's not something we get involved with. But that becomes the only affordable way if the pound plummets against the euro. So I think that it won't be a good thing initially for the wine consumer because the prices of these small artisan wines will go up."

30. Woman at table with wine

31. SOUNDBITE (English) Tom Harrow, wine director of Honest Grapes:

"All the English wine makers that I speak to say we are half a degree away from being a perfect climate for sparkling wines at least - and even the whites, and to an extent the reds are really coming up. So I have to say it - sorry Al Gore - global warming is a good thing for the UK sparkling wine trade."

32. Various of English rose and white sparkling wines

33. Vermouth being poured into a glass

34. Various of "Regal Rogue" Vermouth bottle

35. Tilt up of Mark Ward, founder of Regal Rogue vermouth, and his produce

36. SOUNDBITE (English) Mark Ward, founder of Regal Rogue vermouth:

"It seemed like a really obvious thing to do, marrying the herbs and spices with this abundance of Australian wine to create a New World style of vermouth. And you know the tradition of vermouth is really led by the European markets. You know, Italian, French, now Spanish - but now there are vermouths coming out of America, the UK, Germany and obviously Australia. So pretty much anywhere where you find wine now, you will find a vermouth of some sort."

37. Crowd of London Wine Week attendees at the Vermouth Bar

38. Mid of vermouth cocktails being made

39. Focus pull of sign reading (English) "Drink Up"

LENGTH: 6:02

LEAD IN:

UK wine industry experts are eyeing the upcoming vote on whether to leave the European Union with mixed feelings.

With producers and suppliers heavily reliant on pan-European trade, many remain unsure how Brexit will impact upon business.

STORY-LINE:

Sparkling wine on a summer's day in the English capital.

Glistening flutes and bottles in abundance, and a crowd of happy lunchtime drinkers add to the atmosphere of excitement and discovery, along with an impromptu game of ping pong.

It must be London Wine Week.

This is the third year of the festival, and this year is the most popular to date.

Festival director Emma Murphy says "It's the largest self-guided wine tasting that there is across London. It's kind of the only event of its kind that we have over here. So we work with 125 bars, restaurants, independent merchants who all get involved" .

But although these flutes of fizz are English sparkling wine, much of the wine the festival goers here are tasting is from EU member states such as France, Spain, Portugal, Italy and Germany.

The June 23 referendum on whether to quit the European Union is fast approaching. So is this something the industry should fear?

"I wouldn't have said so," says Murphy.

"Wine trade has been going for long enough, even long before the euro, so I wouldn't have thought that would make much difference to be honest with you. Hopefully not anyway."

At the festival hub on London's Devonshire Square, there are pop-up bars featuring wines from across Europe.

These two young graduate trainees are enjoying wines from Portugal, and with their festival wristband, it costs them just five British Pounds for a flight of three.

Oscar Stenbom and Anna Rogers both agree that things may well be different if Britain leaves the union.

"If it's more expensive for them to send the wine here, if there's more tariffs, then yeah I guess it would be," says Anna, while Oscar is concerned about regulation and labelling:

"It would also be more difficult to know what you are drinking because there won't be as many restrictions on labelling the wine based on where it's actually from and the grape it's actually come from."

The New Street wine shop has been taken over by the wine festival. They sell wines from all over the world but today they are holding a tasting featuring wines from Ribera del Duero in northern Spain.

Most wine drinkers know about the region of Rioja, but Bettina Lemm is informing these festival goers about the region she represents.

"I think they (wines of Ribera del Duero) are still an emerging market, especially in the UK. The UK is an important market for Ribera del Duero, it's the seventh-largest export market for Ribera del Duero but I think that we're still establishing ourselves."

But if the UK is an important export market, is Brexit going to throw the proverbial spanner into the works? Lemm doesn't seem too worried "I think at the moment we're pretty confident as we've seen year to year that exports have grown. I think that's going to continue and I don't think it's a worry that we have at the moment," she says.

Wine used to have a rather old fashioned reputation and a comparatively elderly demographic, but this has changed enormously in recent years.

The prevalence of wine clubs popping up in the UK is an indicator of wine's increasing popularity.

Tom Harrow of Honest Grapes explains why this is "I think this is because people want to engage more with what's in the bottle. It's not just liquid, they want to know the stories behind it, they want to meet the people involved. And there's the sociable aspect, you know wine is fundamentally something which we do with other people," he says.

With 125 venues across the metropolis taking part in this festival, there's plenty of opportunity to enjoy it with friends.

But with such enthusiasm for wine spreading across the country, June 23 could bring disruption, according to Harrow "It's fair to say that we're a bit concerned about the possibilities of Brexit, I think the rising price of the euro against the pound will have a serious effect on quality wine. At the moment more than 60 percent of wine that comes into the UK is shipped in massive great tankers and bottled over here and that's not something we get involved with. But that becomes the only affordable way if the pound plummets against the euro. So I think that it won't be a good thing initially for the wine consumer because the prices of these small artisan wines will go up" .

However, the future might be bright in other, unexpected ways.

"All the English wine makers that I speak to say we are half a degree away from being a perfect climate for sparkling wines at least," says Harrow, and with apologies to climate change icon Al Gore, he adds that "global warming is a good thing for the UK sparkling wine trade."

Reports by the WSTA (Wine and Spirit Trade Association) suggest there is still some way to go as the UK comes in at number six on the list of sales of sparkling wine by origin - but it's rising year on year.

600 million bottles of wine are bottled in the UK.

This makes the UK wine market the sixth largest in the world, generating 173 billion British pounds of economic activity, according to the WSTA. 10 billion British pounds are made through sales.

Also being showcased here is one of the new kids on the alcohol block, Regal Rogue Vermouth.

According to brand founder Mark Ward, vermouth, by definition, is 75 percent wine. It must have wormwood and it must have an ABV (alcohol by volume) of 15 to 24 percent. These three things have to be in place for a producer to put vermouth on the bottle or it flouts recent EU regulations.

Ward, who was brought up in hospitality, began the project in Australia where he worked closely with top Australian chefs who introduced him to indigenous herbs and spices.

"It seemed like a really obvious thing to do, marrying the herbs and spices with this abundance of Australian wine to create a New World style of vermouth. And you know the tradition of vermouth is really led by the European markets. You know, Italian, French, now Spanish - but now there are vermouths coming out of America, the UK, Germany and obviously Australia. So pretty much anywhere where you find wine now, you will find a vermouth of some sort." he says.

Ward is attempting to educate the wine drinking market which, he believes, is mostly unaware of the fact that vermouth is fundamentally a wine.

This can only be helped by a new pop up for 2016, the Vermouth Bar.

The parent company of London Wine Week is the aptly named "Drink Up London", and they're already preparing for the 2017 event - Brexit or no Brexit.

LEAD IN:

UK wine industry experts are eyeing the upcoming vote on whether to leave the European Union with mixed feelings.

With producers and suppliers heavily reliant on pan-European trade, many remain unsure how Brexit will impact upon business.

STORY-LINE:

Sparkling wine on a summer's day in the English capital.

Glistening flutes and bottles in abundance, and a crowd of happy lunchtime drinkers add to the atmosphere of excitement and discovery, along with an impromptu game of ping pong.

It must be London Wine Week.

This is the third year of the festival, and this year is the most popular to date.

Festival director Emma Murphy says "It's the largest self-guided wine tasting that there is across London. It's kind of the only event of its kind that we have over here. So we work with 125 bars, restaurants, independent merchants who all get involved" .

But although these flutes of fizz are English sparkling wine, much of the wine the festival goers here are tasting is from EU member states such as France, Spain, Portugal, Italy and Germany.

The June 23 referendum on whether to quit the European Union is fast approaching. So is this something the industry should fear?

"I wouldn't have said so," says Murphy.

"Wine trade has been going for long enough, even long before the euro, so I wouldn't have thought that would make much difference to be honest with you. Hopefully not anyway."

At the festival hub on London's Devonshire Square, there are pop-up bars featuring wines from across Europe.

These two young graduate trainees are enjoying wines from Portugal, and with their festival wristband, it costs them just five British Pounds for a flight of three.

Oscar Stenbom and Anna Rogers both agree that things may well be different if Britain leaves the union.

"If it's more expensive for them to send the wine here, if there's more tariffs, then yeah I guess it would be," says Anna, while Oscar is concerned about regulation and labelling:

"It would also be more difficult to know what you are drinking because there won't be as many restrictions on labelling the wine based on where it's actually from and the grape it's actually come from."

The New Street wine shop has been taken over by the wine festival. They sell wines from all over the world but today they are holding a tasting featuring wines from Ribera del Duero in northern Spain.

Most wine drinkers know about the region of Rioja, but Bettina Lemm is informing these festival goers about the region she represents.

"I think they (wines of Ribera del Duero) are still an emerging market, especially in the UK. The UK is an important market for Ribera del Duero, it's the seventh-largest export market for Ribera del Duero but I think that we're still establishing ourselves."

But if the UK is an important export market, is Brexit going to throw the proverbial spanner into the works? Lemm doesn't seem too worried "I think at the moment we're pretty confident as we've seen year to year that exports have grown. I think that's going to continue and I don't think it's a worry that we have at the moment," she says.

Wine used to have a rather old fashioned reputation and a comparatively elderly demographic, but this has changed enormously in recent years.

The prevalence of wine clubs popping up in the UK is an indicator of wine's increasing popularity.

Tom Harrow of Honest Grapes explains why this is "I think this is because people want to engage more with what's in the bottle. It's not just liquid, they want to know the stories behind it, they want to meet the people involved. And there's the sociable aspect, you know wine is fundamentally something which we do with other people," he says.

With 125 venues across the metropolis taking part in this festival, there's plenty of opportunity to enjoy it with friends.

But with such enthusiasm for wine spreading across the country, June 23 could bring disruption, according to Harrow "It's fair to say that we're a bit concerned about the possibilities of Brexit, I think the rising price of the euro against the pound will have a serious effect on quality wine. At the moment more than 60 percent of wine that comes into the UK is shipped in massive great tankers and bottled over here and that's not something we get involved with. But that becomes the only affordable way if the pound plummets against the euro. So I think that it won't be a good thing initially for the wine consumer because the prices of these small artisan wines will go up" .

However, the future might be bright in other, unexpected ways.

"All the English wine makers that I speak to say we are half a degree away from being a perfect climate for sparkling wines at least," says Harrow, and with apologies to climate change icon Al Gore, he adds that "global warming is a good thing for the UK sparkling wine trade."

Reports by the WSTA (Wine and Spirit Trade Association) suggest there is still some way to go as the UK comes in at number six on the list of sales of sparkling wine by origin - but it's rising year on year.

600 million bottles of wine are bottled in the UK.

This makes the UK wine market the sixth largest in the world, generating 173 billion British pounds of economic activity, according to the WSTA. 10 billion British pounds are made through sales.

Also being showcased here is one of the new kids on the alcohol block, Regal Rogue Vermouth.

According to brand founder Mark Ward, vermouth, by definition, is 75 percent wine. It must have wormwood and it must have an ABV (alcohol by volume) of 15 to 24 percent. These three things have to be in place for a producer to put vermouth on the bottle or it flouts recent EU regulations.

Ward, who was brought up in hospitality, began the project in Australia where he worked closely with top Australian chefs who introduced him to indigenous herbs and spices.

"It seemed like a really obvious thing to do, marrying the herbs and spices with this abundance of Australian wine to create a New World style of vermouth. And you know the tradition of vermouth is really led by the European markets. You know, Italian, French, now Spanish - but now there are vermouths coming out of America, the UK, Germany and obviously Australia. So pretty much anywhere where you find wine now, you will find a vermouth of some sort." he says.

Ward is attempting to educate the wine drinking market which, he believes, is mostly unaware of the fact that vermouth is fundamentally a wine.

This can only be helped by a new pop up for 2016, the Vermouth Bar.

The parent company of London Wine Week is the aptly named "Drink Up London", and they're already preparing for the 2017 event - Brexit or no Brexit.

AP Television

London - 27 May 2016

1. Close of wine glasses

2. Bartender pouring sparkling wine

3. Tilt down on central courtyard at Devonshire Square, the hub for London Wine Week

4. Group of friends enjoying English sparkling wine

5. Men playing table tennis

6. Sign reading (English) "London Wine Week"

7. Set up shot of Emma Murphy, director of London Wine Week

8. SOUNDBITE (English) Emma Murphy, director of London Wine Week

"What's unique about it? It's the largest self-guided wine tasting that there is across London. It's kind of the only event of its kind that we have over here. So we work with 125 bars, restaurants, independent merchants who all get involved whether that's with offers, special menus or ticketed events across the week."

9. Two women with wine flight selection

10. SOUNDBITE (English) Emma Murphy, director of London Wine Week

(Responding to the question Do you think a Brexit will affect the wine industry negatively?)

"I wouldn't have said so, because I mean, I think, you know, wine trade has been going for long enough, even long before the euro, so I wouldn't have thought that would make much difference to be honest with you. Hopefully not anyway."

11. Sign reading (English) "Pop into our pop up wine bars"

12. Various of Portuguese wine pop up

13. Mid of graduate trainees in insurance Oscar Stenpom and Anna Rogers

14. Flight of Portuguese wines

15. SOUNDBITE (English) Oscar Stenbom and Anna Rogers, Insurance Graduate Trainees:

(Responding to question Do you think a Brexit will mean it will be more difficult for people to access quality wine?)

Stenbom: "Yes,"

Rogers: "I guess so, I mean if it's more expensive for them to send the wine here, if there's more tariffs, then yeah I guess it would be."

Stenbom: "It would also be more difficult to know what you're drinking, because there won't be as many restrictions on labelling the wine based on where it's actually from and the grape it's actually come from."

16. Pull focus of Spanish wine labels

17. Vintage bottles of fortified wine

18. Side view of Spanish wine bottles

19. Set up shot of Bettina Lemm with wines from Ribera del Duero in northern Spain

20. SOUNDBITE (English) Bettina Lemm, Westbury Communications (which represents the Ribera del Duero region in the UK):

"I think they (wines of Ribera del Duero) are still an emerging market, especially in the UK. The UK is an important market for Ribera del Duero, it's the seventh-largest export market for Ribera del Duero, but I think that we're still establishing ourselves. A lot of people know some big names from the region, and we're just trying to bring attention to some other grape producers who might not yet have the same recognition."

21. Close of wine labels

22. SOUNDBITE (English) Bettina Lemm, Westbury Communications (who represent the Ribera del Duero region in the UK):

(Responding to the question are you worried about the possibility of a Brexit affecting your export market?)

"I think at the moment we're pretty confident, as we've seen year to year that exports have grown. I think that's going to continue and I don't think it's a worry that we have at the moment."

23. Pan from mediaeval knight sculpture to pop up courtyard

24. Mid of Provence wines pop up

25. Establisher shot of Tom Harrow, wine director of Honest Grapes Wine Club

26. Close of Harrow eyeing the wine

27. SOUNDBITE (English) Tom Harrow, wine director of Honest Grapes:

"There's been a real rise in wine clubs in London and the UK generally of late, and I think this is because people want to engage more with what's in the bottle. It's not just liquid, they want to know the stories behind it, they want to meet the people involved. And there's the sociable aspect, you know wine is fundamentally something which we do with other people."

28. Mid of woman laughing over a glass of wine

29. SOUNDBITE (English) Tom Harrow, wine director of Honest Grapes:

"It's fair to say that we're a bit concerned about the possibilities of Brexit, I think the rising price of the euro against the pound will have a serious effect on quality wine. At the moment more than 60 percent of wine that comes into the UK is shipped in massive great tankers and then bottled over here and that's not something we get involved with. But that becomes the only affordable way if the pound plummets against the euro. So I think that it won't be a good thing initially for the wine consumer because the prices of these small artisan wines will go up."

30. Woman at table with wine

31. SOUNDBITE (English) Tom Harrow, wine director of Honest Grapes:

"All the English wine makers that I speak to say we are half a degree away from being a perfect climate for sparkling wines at least - and even the whites, and to an extent the reds are really coming up. So I have to say it - sorry Al Gore - global warming is a good thing for the UK sparkling wine trade."

32. Various of English rose and white sparkling wines

33. Vermouth being poured into a glass

34. Various of "Regal Rogue" Vermouth bottle

35. Tilt up of Mark Ward, founder of Regal Rogue vermouth, and his produce

36. SOUNDBITE (English) Mark Ward, founder of Regal Rogue vermouth:

"It seemed like a really obvious thing to do, marrying the herbs and spices with this abundance of Australian wine to create a New World style of vermouth. And you know the tradition of vermouth is really led by the European markets. You know, Italian, French, now Spanish - but now there are vermouths coming out of America, the UK, Germany and obviously Australia. So pretty much anywhere where you find wine now, you will find a vermouth of some sort."

37. Crowd of London Wine Week attendees at the Vermouth Bar

38. Mid of vermouth cocktails being made

39. Focus pull of sign reading (English) "Drink Up"

LENGTH: 6:02

RESTRICTION SUMMARY: AP CLIENTS ONLY

SHOTLIST:

AP TELEVISION - AP CLIENTS ONLY

County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland, close to the border - 26 June, 2016

1. Grazing sheep

2. Sheep grazing

3. Marked sheep

4. Farmer Hugh Maguire driving in car on his farmland, UPSOUND (English): Hugh Maguire, farmer: "And southern Ireland is right over there, it's probably not a quarter mile across."

5. SOUNDBITE (English) Hugh Maguire, farmer:

"Well, I voted to remain, and I thought the result was a disaster for farming especially in Northern Ireland, where we are dependent on 80 per cent of our income from the single farm payment or subsidies. So I honestly think in a few years' time, if we remain the same, there'll be no farming up in this part of Northern Ireland. We should be treated in Northern Ireland the same as the Republic."

6. Maguire closing gate

7. Cow grazing, farm in the background

Belcoo, County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland - 25 June, 2016

8. Bridge leading from Blacklion, Republic of Ireland, to Belcoo, Northern Ireland (UK)

9. Town sign of Belcoo, with speed limit in miles per hour

10. People walking down bridge

Belcoo, Northern Ireland (UK) - 26 June, 2016

11. Businessman Jonathan Balfour paying in supermarket

12. Woman taking newspaper from stand in supermarket

13. Newspaper headline of 'Sunday Times' reading (English) "After Brexit, what now?"

14. Jonathan Balfour and his children Dorothy and Jona leaving supermarket

15. SOUNDBITE (English) Jonathan Balfour, 42, owner of Elite Electronic Systems in Enniskillen, Northern Ireland:

"I am involved in manufacturing, so a lot of our customers are in Europe, and I think it's going to make it more difficult for us to compete in Europe with our competitors, and our cost of goods is more expensive because of this."

Blacklion, Republic of Ireland - 25 June, 2016

16. Bridge leading from Belcoo, UK, to Blacklion, Republic of Ireland, with town sign of Blacklion (in English and Gaelic) and speed limit in kilometres per hour

17. Ireland cup in "The Market House" tourist centre and gift shop

18. Tourist gifts on shelf

19. SOUNDBITE (English) Helena Corcoran, 61, tourist administrator, living in Blacklion for 15 years:

"Because we are so close with Belcoo and Blacklion, we're neighbours, and we're fearful that they will ask us for passports and that this will happen. But really it's the unknown at the moment, so that's the fear."

20. Corcoran talking to colleague Margaret McCauley and Cavan County councillor John Paul Feeley in tourist centre

21. Feeley leaving "The Market House" tourist centre

22. SOUNDBITE (English) John Paul Feeley, Cavan County councillor:

"It's going to increase the cost of doing business between both parts of Ireland, and it's going to have an impact on the over 30-thousand people who commute either north or south of the border to work and to avail of education on a daily basis. It's a very serious situation for us, it's one that we are going to watch and wait, and hope that a solution is found that minimizes the impact of 'Brexit'.''

Newry, Northern Ireland (UK) - 26 June, 2016

23."Brexit" campaign posters for "Leave" and "Remain" in street in town

24. Bridge in town centre

25. Fans from Northern Ireland wearing jerseys of the football team of the Republic of Ireland standing singing outside "Quayside Inn" during Euro 2016 match of Ireland against France

26. Fans wearing jerseys of the football team of the Republic of Ireland singing inside "Quayside Inn" while watching the Euro 2016 match of Ireland against France

27. Waitress pulling a pint of beer

28. Fan watching match, shaking head

29. SOUNDBITE (English) Ian Downey, 46, furniture-maker from Newry:

"It's so close to the border, and when there was a break-up of Ireland, it left us in a bad situation, if you know what I mean. We're in the north but we should really be part of the south."

30. Ian Downey watching the Euro 2016 match of Ireland against France, rooting for Ireland

31. SOUNDBITE (English) Ian Downey, 46, furniture maker from Newry:

"I don't want the border to go back up again because it would create tension here.''

32. Geraldine Merendino outside "Quayside Inn"

33. SOUNDBITE (English) Geraldine Merendino, 48, mother of three from Newry:

"We're not sure yet, I don't even think the politicians know what's going to happen next. They called an EU referendum, I don't think they got the answer they truly wanted, and now everybody's up in arms over it. So, we'll just have to wait and see what happens."

34. Girls walking down street in Newry

35. Various of view from Narrow Water Castle across river to Republic of Ireland

36. Narrow Water Castle near Newry

STORYLINE:

Residents on Ireland's border are trying to imagine what life will be like if Northern Ireland leaves the European Union.

Many now fear that the clock could soon be turned decades back to dark days when the border was a fortified conflict zone.

Northern Ireland farmer Hugh Maguire, like many residents along the United Kingdom's virtually unmarked land border with the Republic of Ireland, faces the risk of financial ruin if Britain proceeds with plans to exit the European Union, whose agricultural subsidies provide most of his income from highland pastures of cows and sheep.

Maguire called last week's referendum verdict, with 52 per cent voting UK-wide to leave the bloc, including 44 per cent in Northern Ireland, "a disaster."

Many now fear that both British and Irish authorities will have no choice but to redeploy customs officers and police to deter immigration and smuggling.

The shock decision to back "Brexit" sent the British pound tumbling against other currencies, including the euro used in the Republic of Ireland.

"A lot of our customers are in Europe, and I think it's going to make it more difficult for us to compete in Europe," said Jonathan Balfour, director of Elite Electronic Systems, a business that employs around 200 in the nearby Northern Ireland town of Enniskillen. The company assembles printed circuit boards and other electronic peripherals but finds its cost for imported materials is rising in tune with the pound's sharp decline.

For the people in Newry, Northern Ireland, it appeared normal to root for the Republic during the Euro 2016. "We're in the north but we should really be part of the south," said Ian Downey, one of the many Northern Irish fans wearing the green jerseys of the Republic of Ireland during Ireland's match against France on Sunday.

"I don't want the border to go back up again because it would create tension here,'' he added.

===========================================================

Clients are reminded:

(i) to check the terms of their licence agreements for use of content outside news programming and that further advice and assistance can be obtained from the AP Archive on: Tel +44 (0) 20 7482 7482 Email: info@aparchive.com

(ii) they should check with the applicable collecting society in their Territory regarding the clearance of any sound recording or performance included within the AP Television News service

(iii) they have editorial responsibility for the use of all and any content included within the AP Television News service and for libel, privacy, compliance and third party rights applicable to their Territory.

Rob Warnock is a proud British farmer and the son of a proud British farmer. One day, he hopes to be the father of a proud British farmer, too.

He's also a European Union farmer, but that is not a legacy Warnock wants to pass on to his 6-year-old son.

The 44-year-old plans to vote this week for Britain to leave the EU, even though he knows it will cost his struggling dairy business dear.

Many British farmers feel the same emotional tug. But while their hearts tell them to leave, their heads urge caution. The EU is helping farmers stay afloat at a time when many are struggling.

The benefits of membership in the 28-nation EU may seem intangible to many Britons, who view it as a distant body of Byzantine bureaucracy and obscure regulations.

But farmers know exactly how much they get from the bloc. In Warnock's case it's about 40-thousand pounds (60-thousand US dollars) a year - his share of the subsidy millions of farmers across the continent receive under the EU's Common Agricultural Policy.

"Well I think the EU really holds us back as a nation. Our milk prices, which have been documented, are very low in the UK," he says.

"And I just feel that we can make our own trade deals outside the EU with other countries around the world which I think long term will benefit all the farmers in the country."

He desperately needs things to improve. The price of milk has been plunging for more than two years, hit by what Warnock calls a "perfect storm" of factors, including Russia's ban on EU imports, Chinese stockpiling of powdered milk and production increases in other EU countries.

That is disastrous for Warnock, who tends 450 dairy cows and grows barley and wheat on 650 acres (263 hectares) perched above the English Channel on Britain's south coast.

Warnock's father Jim is not so sure. He intends to vote "remain," worried the subsidies will disappear.

"I know they are saying at the moment if there is a change then we will still get it," he said. "But knowing politicians and knowing the pressure they are going to be under..."

"Leave" campaigners have vowed that the British government will step in to support farmers if the country leaves the EU. The "remain" camp says the pledge is unrealistic: the "leave" side has also promised to boost funding for the health service, maintain defence spending and much more, at a time when the government is committed to cutting public-sector spending.

Farmers have a long list of complaints about the EU, from its complex paperwork to its environmental regulations, which limit which fertilizers and pesticides they can use.

British governments in recent decades have taken a comparatively laissez-faire attitude to agriculture, reluctant to shield domestic producers from international competition.

It's a different story across the Channel in France, where agriculture accounts for a bigger slice of the economy and looms larger in the national consciousness. Militant French farmers regularly stage protests - blocking roads, dumping manure and even herding sheep in the Louvre museum to demand more support from the government.

The National Farmers Union has come out broadly pro-remain, but understands that the community is split.

"Our council met in April, discussed at great length the issues, very good debate, and they came up with the line that basically, on the balance of probabilities as we know it, at the moment farmers are best served to remain within the EU. However individual businesses may differ from that line," says Matt Ware, Head of Government and Parliamentary affairs of the National Farmers Union.

Back on the farm Warnock believes the years of ups and downs have made British farmers resilient. He describes himself as a "passionate dairy farmer" - but worries that if something doesn't change soon, passion may not be enough.

Two decades ago there were more than 35-thousand dairy farmers in Britain.

Today there are only about 10-thousand, and the NFU has estimated that 10 to 20 per cent could go out of business by the end of 2016.

Rob Warnock is a proud British farmer and the son of a proud British farmer. One day, he hopes to be the father of a proud British farmer, too.

He's also a European Union farmer, but that is not a legacy Warnock wants to pass on to his 6-year-old son.

The 44-year-old plans to vote this week for Britain to leave the EU, even though he knows it will cost his struggling dairy business dear.

Many British farmers feel the same emotional tug. But while their hearts tell them to leave, their heads urge caution. The EU is helping farmers stay afloat at a time when many are struggling.

The benefits of membership in the 28-nation EU may seem intangible to many Britons, who view it as a distant body of Byzantine bureaucracy and obscure regulations.

But farmers know exactly how much they get from the bloc. In Warnock's case it's about 40-thousand pounds (60-thousand US dollars) a year - his share of the subsidy millions of farmers across the continent receive under the EU's Common Agricultural Policy.

"Well I think the EU really holds us back as a nation. Our milk prices, which have been documented, are very low in the UK," he says.

"And I just feel that we can make our own trade deals outside the EU with other countries around the world which I think long term will benefit all the farmers in the country."

He desperately needs things to improve. The price of milk has been plunging for more than two years, hit by what Warnock calls a "perfect storm" of factors, including Russia's ban on EU imports, Chinese stockpiling of powdered milk and production increases in other EU countries.

That is disastrous for Warnock, who tends 450 dairy cows and grows barley and wheat on 650 acres (263 hectares) perched above the English Channel on Britain's south coast.

Warnock's father Jim is not so sure. He intends to vote "remain," worried the subsidies will disappear.

"I know they are saying at the moment if there is a change then we will still get it," he said. "But knowing politicians and knowing the pressure they are going to be under..."

"Leave" campaigners have vowed that the British government will step in to support farmers if the country leaves the EU. The "remain" camp says the pledge is unrealistic: the "leave" side has also promised to boost funding for the health service, maintain defence spending and much more, at a time when the government is committed to cutting public-sector spending.

Farmers have a long list of complaints about the EU, from its complex paperwork to its environmental regulations, which limit which fertilizers and pesticides they can use.

British governments in recent decades have taken a comparatively laissez-faire attitude to agriculture, reluctant to shield domestic producers from international competition.

It's a different story across the Channel in France, where agriculture accounts for a bigger slice of the economy and looms larger in the national consciousness. Militant French farmers regularly stage protests - blocking roads, dumping manure and even herding sheep in the Louvre museum to demand more support from the government.

The National Farmers Union has come out broadly pro-remain, but understands that the community is split.

"Our council met in April, discussed at great length the issues, very good debate, and they came up with the line that basically, on the balance of probabilities as we know it, at the moment farmers are best served to remain within the EU. However individual businesses may differ from that line," says Matt Ware, Head of Government and Parliamentary affairs of the National Farmers Union.

Back on the farm Warnock believes the years of ups and downs have made British farmers resilient. He describes himself as a "passionate dairy farmer" - but worries that if something doesn't change soon, passion may not be enough.

Two decades ago there were more than 35-thousand dairy farmers in Britain.

Today there are only about 10-thousand, and the NFU has estimated that 10 to 20 per cent could go out of business by the end of 2016.

Folkestone, UK - 16 June, 2016

1. Various of cows being milked

2. Farmer Rob Warnock milking cow

3. Milk bottle being filled

4. Various of farmer Rob Warnock milking cow

5. Will Warnock, brother of Rob, by cows

6. Various of farmer Rob Warnock walking with cows in field

7. SOUNDBITE (English): Rob Warnock, farmer

"Well I think the EU really holds us back as a nation. Our milk prices, which have been documented, are very low in the UK. And I just feel that we can make our own trade deals outside the EU with other countries around the world which I think long term will benefit all the farmers in the country."

8. Cows

9. SOUNDBITE (English): Rob Warnock, farmer

"That subsidy currently to our own business is not going to mean the difference to whether we survive or go out of business. It's equivalent to a couple of pence a metre on our milk cheque."

10. Farmhouse and sheep

11. Farmer Rob Warnock and his father Jim Warnock, also a farmer

12. Sheep in field

13. SOUNDBITE (English): Jim Warnock, farmer, father of Rob

"From a farming point of view the pot of money that we get each year, you know, to keep the whole farming system going could very well go. I know they are saying at the moment if there is a change then we will still get it. But knowing politicians and knowing the pressure they are going to be under."

14. Various of tractor being driven in field

London, UK - 16 June, 2016

15. Set up of Matt Ware, Head of Government and Parliamentary affairs, National Farmers Union (NFU)

16. SOUNDBITE (English): Matt Ware, Head of Government and Parliamentary affairs, National Farmers Union

"The NFU represents farmers and growers from across the country and we represent a huge range of growers, and huge range of views and businesses so we reflect that in our view. Our council met in April, discussed at great length the issues, very good debate and they came up with the line that basically, on the balance of probabilities as we know it, at the moment farmers are best served to remain within the EU. However individual businesses may differ from that line."

17. Cutaway

18. SOUNDBITE (English): Matt Ware, Head of Government and Parliamentary affairs, National Farmers Union

"The agriculture community reflects the wider community, people have there own personal views, but our job is to inform them on how it will impact on agricultural issues, and to be there to look after their best interests."

19. Cutaway

With marching bands and all groups of society out in strength, Norway celebrates Constitution Day, taking pride in its sovereignty.

The small Scandinavian country's independence was hard won, having been ruled by Denmark for more than 400 years, and then by Sweden for nearly another century.

For some people, the experience of having been ruled from afar can explain Norway's reluctance to embrace the European Union project.

"We are on the edge of Europe and we know what it means to be governed from abroad," says Hans Petter Bergseth who is marching with friends from his skiing club. "I think it's deep in our soul that we want to be independent."

But whilst Norway has twice rejected EU membership in referendums in 1972 and 1994, the nation relies on a close relationship with Brussels. Seventy to 80 percent of all Norwegian exports go to the EU markets and cooperation is viewed as essential in the areas of education, research and many more.

Access to the EU's single market comes at a price.

Norway has signed up the European Economic Area (EEA) agreement, and therefore had to implement more than three quarters of all EU laws with no formal influence on how they are drafted.

More importantly, Norway has had to agree to four EU-style freedoms: free movement of goods, services, people and capital.

Today, Norway has more EU migrants per person than Britain. More than 300,000 EU nationals live here, mostly people from Poland and Sweden attracted by the prospects of high-paid jobs and a generous welfare state.

For many companies, this influx of foreign workers has been beneficial. In the small fishing village of Skjervoy several hours north of Tromso, a salmon processing plant has become dependent on foreign workers.

"We don't have enough Norwegian workers who want to work in the fish industry," explains plant manager Tore Pedersen.

Many of these foreign workers are from Romania, like Christian, who arrived nearly four years ago after growing tired of poorly paid jobs in Italy.

"I'm travelling with a Romanian passport, I've had no problem," he explains.

This factory processes 365 tons of fish per day: salmon fillets and whole fish destined for restaurants and dining tables across Europe. It's the main employer in the village, and managers say the business would not be able to grow without foreign workers willing to work the assembly lines.

Here, most workers are unionised and Pedersen says foreign workers are paid the same as Norwegians. Something the unions dispute.

Across the fishing industry, construction industry, hotel and restaurants, they report cases of employers using foreign workers that are not unionized and therefore don't benefit from the collective bargaining agreements that guarantee a minimum wage and regulated working conditions.

"If they don't know the system, they work up to 12 hours," complains union leader Gunn Paulsen, who was picketing a hotel during a four-week long strike across the Norwegian hotel industry calling for better pay. "They ruin it for the next (person) who's coming in, the Norwegians coming in who know the regulations."

Whilst many large hotel groups are unionized, smaller or independent ones without a protection are free to pay their staff whatever they wish. "However low they get in Norway they get higher than in other countries," said Paulsen.

For Professor Bjorn Hersoug from the Arctic University of Tromso, companies that seek to get around ordinary labour conditions by outsourcing the hiring for foreign workers represent a threat to the Norwegian model that balances free markets with a strong social welfare state.

"There is a fear of labour dumping," says Hersoug. "In some instances, it looks like they have working conditions that are considerably worse than agreed through the ordinary agreements for minimum wages for example."

But despite the challenges brought by the EEA agreement, cooperation with the EU and access to the single market remains essential for Norway.

"The EEA agreement is something I would call a corner stone in the Norwegian economy," says Elisabeth Aspaker, the Norwegian Minister of the EEA and EU Affairs.

"We have to face the reality that the EU is our most important market," she says. "We do need cooperation when it comes to research, education, and in many other aspects."

With marching bands and all groups of society out in strength, Norway celebrates Constitution Day, taking pride in its sovereignty.

The small Scandinavian country's independence was hard won, having been ruled by Denmark for more than 400 years, and then by Sweden for nearly another century.

For some people, the experience of having been ruled from afar can explain Norway's reluctance to embrace the European Union project.

"We are on the edge of Europe and we know what it means to be governed from abroad," says Hans Petter Bergseth who is marching with friends from his skiing club. "I think it's deep in our soul that we want to be independent."

But whilst Norway has twice rejected EU membership in referendums in 1972 and 1994, the nation relies on a close relationship with Brussels. Seventy to 80 percent of all Norwegian exports go to the EU markets and cooperation is viewed as essential in the areas of education, research and many more.

Access to the EU's single market comes at a price.

Norway has signed up the European Economic Area (EEA) agreement, and therefore had to implement more than three quarters of all EU laws with no formal influence on how they are drafted.

More importantly, Norway has had to agree to four EU-style freedoms: free movement of goods, services, people and capital.

Today, Norway has more EU migrants per person than Britain. More than 300,000 EU nationals live here, mostly people from Poland and Sweden attracted by the prospects of high-paid jobs and a generous welfare state.

For many companies, this influx of foreign workers has been beneficial. In the small fishing village of Skjervoy several hours north of Tromso, a salmon processing plant has become dependent on foreign workers.

"We don't have enough Norwegian workers who want to work in the fish industry," explains plant manager Tore Pedersen.

Many of these foreign workers are from Romania, like Christian, who arrived nearly four years ago after growing tired of poorly paid jobs in Italy.

"I'm travelling with a Romanian passport, I've had no problem," he explains.

This factory processes 365 tons of fish per day: salmon fillets and whole fish destined for restaurants and dining tables across Europe. It's the main employer in the village, and managers say the business would not be able to grow without foreign workers willing to work the assembly lines.

Here, most workers are unionised and Pedersen says foreign workers are paid the same as Norwegians. Something the unions dispute.

Across the fishing industry, construction industry, hotel and restaurants, they report cases of employers using foreign workers that are not unionized and therefore don't benefit from the collective bargaining agreements that guarantee a minimum wage and regulated working conditions.

"If they don't know the system, they work up to 12 hours," complains union leader Gunn Paulsen, who was picketing a hotel during a four-week long strike across the Norwegian hotel industry calling for better pay. "They ruin it for the next (person) who's coming in, the Norwegians coming in who know the regulations."

Whilst many large hotel groups are unionized, smaller or independent ones without a protection are free to pay their staff whatever they wish. "However low they get in Norway they get higher than in other countries," said Paulsen.

For Professor Bjorn Hersoug from the Arctic University of Tromso, companies that seek to get around ordinary labour conditions by outsourcing the hiring for foreign workers represent a threat to the Norwegian model that balances free markets with a strong social welfare state.

"There is a fear of labour dumping," says Hersoug. "In some instances, it looks like they have working conditions that are considerably worse than agreed through the ordinary agreements for minimum wages for example."

But despite the challenges brought by the EEA agreement, cooperation with the EU and access to the single market remains essential for Norway.

"The EEA agreement is something I would call a corner stone in the Norwegian economy," says Elisabeth Aspaker, the Norwegian Minister of the EEA and EU Affairs.

"We have to face the reality that the EU is our most important market," she says. "We do need cooperation when it comes to research, education, and in many other aspects."

AP TELEVISION

Tromso - 17 May 2016

1. Various of Constitution Day parade

2. SOUNDBITE (English) Hans Petter Bergseth, 53-year-old medical adviser:

"Well, it's a young nation. Quite a proud nation. We are on the edge of Europe and we know what it means to be governed from abroad or we know what it means to be governed by larger countries. So I think it's deep in our soul that we want to be independent pretty much yes."

3. Various of Constitution Day parade

AP TELEVISION

Skjervoy - 18 May 2016

4. Various of Skjervoy harbour

5. Various exteriors of salmon processing plant

6. SOUNDBITE (English) Tore Pedersen, Fish processing plant manager:

"We have 180 people working here at Skjervoy and 60 percent of the workers are from other countries. It's a fact that we don't have enough Norwegian workers who want to work in the fish industry, so we need people from other countries to come and work at Skjervoy."

7. Christian in front of the processing plant

8. SOUNDBITE (English) Christian, No last Name given, factory worker from Romania:

"My name is Christian and I come from Romania. I've been here for four years - almost four years. I'm travelling with a Romanian passport, I've don't have any problems with travel. We don't need a visa or something like that - it's very easy to come here from Romania. It's a nice country to come to."

9. Various of filleting assembly line

10. Various of salmon packaging line

11. Various of salmon slaughter room

AP TELEVISION

Tromso - 17 May, 2016

12. Various of Tromso seen from onboard a boat in the fjord

AP TELEVISION

Tromso - 20 May, 2016

13. Various of local hotel staff on strike

14. SOUNDBITE (English) Gunn Paulsen, Union Leader:

"Before the oil strikes (meaning the fall in oil prices) it has been good for Norway because you had to have people working here, but then it started what we call in Norway the 'Monkey business' - that they started to pay lower to the people from other places, because they accept it, because however low they get in Norway they get higher than in other countries. So this is the bad thing."

15. Cutaway

16. SOUNDBITE (English) Gunn Paulsen, Union Leader:

"If they don't know the system, they work up to 12 hours. It's not nice because they ruin it for the next (person) who's coming in, the Norwegians coming in who know the regulations - but you can't say anything to the others working like this, because it's okay, they've always been doing this."

AP TELEVISION

Tromso - 19 May, 2016

17. Various of Tromso harbour

18. Professor Bjorn Hersoug walking along harbour seafront

19. SOUNDBITE (English) Prof. Bjorn Hersoug, Arctic University of Tromso:

"You know, seen from the Norwegian point of view, if you can get around the ordinary salary conditions, the labour conditions by hiring a company from, for example, from Poland, and you make a deal with this Polish company where they provide you with the labour which is unorganised (non-unionized) then you are getting around the rules. You can legally pay them less, but that kind of undermines the whole Norwegian model in the longer run."

20. Cutaway

21. SOUNDBITE (English) Prof. Bjorn Hersoug, Arctic University of Tromso

"We see that we have a number of people coming from the European Union countries and in some instances it looks like they have working conditions that are considerably worse than agreed through the ordinary Norwegian agreements for minimum wages for example. So there is kind of a fear of labour dumping."

AP TELEVISION

Tromso, Norway - 17 MAY 2016

22. Various of Tromso seen from onboard a boat in the fjord

AP TELEVISION

Brussels, Belgium - 25 MAY 2016

23. Various of EU flags

24. SOUNDBITE (English) Elisabeth Aspaker, Minister of the EEA and EU Affairs:

"I think Norway is in a very special situation. We have this huge fortune in our oil, we have developed a solid welfare state and people think 'we can do by ourselves' or 'we can go on alone.' But in another way, we have to face the reality that the EU is our most important market, up to 70 or 80 percent of all the exported goods from Norway go to the EU market, and we do need cooperation when it comes to research, education, and in many other aspects. These days it's about migration, it's about security policy. So the EEA agreement is something I would call a corner stone in the Norwegian economy and if you go to the Parliament today, they will be a solid majority for the agreement although we are not a member of the EU."

32. Various of Norway House in Brussels

FOR CLEAN VERSION SEE STORY NUMBER: 4040960

LEAD IN

Britons are preparing to vote in a referendum on June 23rd on whether to remain in the European Union.

The last time there was such a vote was in 1975, when the UK was experiencing industrial action, political infighting, maxi skirts and the birth of David Beckham.

STORY-LINE :

In the early 1970s hemlines dropped as inflation grew and economic growth stagnated.

The happy carefree days of the swinging sixties seemed a world away, as angry punks took centre stage.

Jamie Oliver, Russell Brand and that symbol of turn of the century Britain, David Beckham, were all babes in arms in the year that Britain first voted on continued member ship of the EEC.

Brand was just one day old, having being born on June 4, a day before the poll.

In 1975 Microsoft was founded by 19 year old Bill gates and 22 year old Paul Allen, the company would help revolutionised our relationship with technology with its popualr line of personal computers.

Britain joined the European Economic Community, as the EU was then called, in 1973.

But it was a rocky union from the start and three years later Harold Wilson's Labour Party government held a referendum on membership in 5 June 1975.

Wilson had won the British general election on a platform that included a pledge to renegotiate the terms of British membership in the EEC, and the issue split his party.

Wilson led the successful referendum campaign that secured Britain's membership in the European Community under renegotiated terms of membership.

The new leader of the opposition Conservative party, Margaret Thatcher, also campaigned to remain in the European Union in 1975.

She later became prime minister between 1979 and 1990, and as prime minister she became known for her tough line with Brussels.

Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of the Institute of Historical Research at the University of London says the issue of Europe has long troubled British politicians.

"The parties has flipped and flopped over their views of Europe all the way through since the 1960s and in the early 1970s the Labour party was in a way as divided then as the Conservative party is today. "

In 1975 a majority of 67 percent said "yes" to the question: Do you think that the United Kingdom should remain part of the European Community ?

Though membership was secured, the divides within Labour didn't go away, with many leading Cabinet ministers viewing the EEC as incompatible with the aims of socialism.

That fissure, among others, would weaken Labour and pave the way for the election in 1979 of Margaret Thatcher's Conservatives.

Times were tough and globalisation threatend traditional British industry. The great powershouses of the industrial revolution were fading away. Industrial disputes were a common occurence.

"Many of the great industries which had been part of Britain's pioneering of the industrial revoultion were being hollowed out. We were pouring a lot of money into them because many of them were nationalised and the tax payer was paying hundreds of millions to keep things like shipbuilding and steel going, but unfortunately we were making the kind of goods that were too expensive and not that well designed and so our car industry for example began to fold" explains Goldman.

The industrial world gave way to a more serviced based economy. But the virtual marketplace was still a long way off says Dejan Sudjic, Director of London's Design Museum.

"The idea that you could have a computing power on your desk was extraordinary, furturistic and mad."

Life was still very traditional says Goldman, family lesiure in the 1970s meant a day at the beach.

"Still very traditional (lifestyle). Still very simple, obviously none of the technologies that we use to fill our time, people went for their holiday and their leisure locally to the seaside whereever that might be, whichever was closest to them. Foreign travel was still quite rare the package holiday was starting but it was really for the more wealthy people."

But a shadow hung in the air, as the threat of terrorism was spreading from neighbouring Ireland and the Middle East.

Irish republicans, who wanted a divided Ireland reunited and a British withdrawal from Northern Ireland, had begun targeting mainland Britian.

The pub bombings in Birmingham in 1974 killed 21 people.

" 1974 is the day or the year of the famous Birmingham pub bombings, that was the moment when we realised that terror wouldn't stay in Ulster (Northern Ireland) and Londonderry, it was going to come to London, Birmingham and other places on the mainland as well. Terrorism in the Middle East was also new it was brought home to us in the Munich Olympics in 1972, when terror of course leading to the deaths of athletes reminded us of how vunerable major events are. But all this was relatively new at the time and shocking because of that since then of course we have had to cope with it as almost kind of a normal part of life, the threat that is ever present."

During the 1972 Munich Games, eight Palestinian gunmen, members of the Black September militant group entered the Olympic Village and took Israeli team members hostage.

A day later, all 11 were dead.

The drama started before dawn on Sept. 5, 1972, when eight members of a Palestinian terrorist group called Black September clambered over the unguarded fence of the Olympic village.

Wearing track suits and carrying weapons concealed in athletics bags, they burst into the building where the Israeli team was staying, shooting dead wrestling coach Moshe Weinberg and weightlifter Yossi Romano.

Some Israeli athletes slipped through a back door but nine were seized and tied to furniture. The terrorists demanded the release of more than 200 Palestinians held by Israel.

After a day of tense negotiations, the terrorists and their hostages were allowed to leave aboard two helicopters for the Fuerstenfeldbruck military airfield 16 miles away. The terrorists were promised a plane and safe passage to Cairo, Egypt.

Sharpshooters at the airfield opened fire as the terrorists and the hostages prepared to board a Lufthansa jet.

The guerrillas tossed grenades at the hostages, and one of the helicopters was blown up by a terrorist grenade. When the fighting died down, all nine Israeli captives were dead, along with five of their captors and one German policeman.

In the seventies the Soviet American space race was still underway...but by 1975 it had become more co-operative.

Goldman says "If you grew up in the 1960s and early 1970s space was a very exciting element of the kind of public discourse of television and the media of the age because both the Americans and the Soviets were involved in competition to put a man on the moon and develop space through satellites and so forth"

In July 1975, an American Apollo spaceship docked with a Soviet Soyuz spacecraft in orbit in the first superpower link-up of its kind.

The three-man American Apollo crew docked with a two-member Soviet team in Soyuz and the five conducted the first international manned experiments in space.

Today international teams of astronauts and cosmonauts collaborate onboard the International Space Station high above the earth.

One of the major themes of the current referendum debate is immigration.

The 1960s and 1970s saw large numbers of people moving to Britain from former colonies.

"Immigration was already an issue in Britain. It had been since the mid and late 1960s, so it is not as if some of the questions we are debating today are wholly new..far from it." adds Goldman.

West Indians, people from the English-speaking Caribbean, came mainly in the late 1950s and early 1960s, mostly for jobs in public transport. Asian immigration peaked in the 1970s.

Immigrants included Asians from East Africa, fleeing from or expelled by countries that had gained independence from Britain. The largest single group was 27,000 Asians, who were among 70,000 Asians expelled and their property seized by dictator Idi Amin in Uganda in 1972.

The non-white population, excluding those born in Britain, was 418,000 in the 1961 government census and 930,000 in the 1971 count.

Today 8 million people or 14% of the UK population belong to an ethnic minority according to 'A Portrait of Modern Britain' published in 2014 by Policy Exchange, a UK based think tank. The report added that most ethnic people live in urban areas.

In the early 1970s Britain's class system exerted more control over people's lives than now and Europe was another place - an expensive flight or ferry journey away.

Sudjic says times have changed and today the British are less frightened of foreign food and habits.

"The things that we eat, the things we have in our home have been transformed utterly. Britain was suspicious of something called garlic in those days, we drank more beer than we drink wine. Britain was still finding that France was full of exotic stuff like snails and onions. We have embraced all that."

Today Paris is a short (ish) train journey away, Londoners can nip off to the French capital for lunch at a boulveard cafe on the Champs Elysee.

Will Britons continued that awkward embrace or unfriend their neighbours across the sea ?

The EU referendum takes place on June 23, 2016.

FOR CLEAN VERSION SEE STORY NUMBER: 4040960

LEAD IN

Britons are preparing to vote in a referendum on June 23rd on whether to remain in the European Union.

The last time there was such a vote was in 1975, when the UK was experiencing industrial action, political infighting, maxi skirts and the birth of David Beckham.

STORY-LINE :

In the early 1970s hemlines dropped as inflation grew and economic growth stagnated.

The happy carefree days of the swinging sixties seemed a world away, as angry punks took centre stage.

Jamie Oliver, Russell Brand and that symbol of turn of the century Britain, David Beckham, were all babes in arms in the year that Britain first voted on continued member ship of the EEC.

Brand was just one day old, having being born on June 4, a day before the poll.

In 1975 Microsoft was founded by 19 year old Bill gates and 22 year old Paul Allen, the company would help revolutionised our relationship with technology with its popualr line of personal computers.

Britain joined the European Economic Community, as the EU was then called, in 1973.

But it was a rocky union from the start and three years later Harold Wilson's Labour Party government held a referendum on membership in 5 June 1975.

Wilson had won the British general election on a platform that included a pledge to renegotiate the terms of British membership in the EEC, and the issue split his party.

Wilson led the successful referendum campaign that secured Britain's membership in the European Community under renegotiated terms of membership.

The new leader of the opposition Conservative party, Margaret Thatcher, also campaigned to remain in the European Union in 1975.

She later became prime minister between 1979 and 1990, and as prime minister she became known for her tough line with Brussels.

Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of the Institute of Historical Research at the University of London says the issue of Europe has long troubled British politicians.

"The parties has flipped and flopped over their views of Europe all the way through since the 1960s and in the early 1970s the Labour party was in a way as divided then as the Conservative party is today. "

In 1975 a majority of 67 percent said "yes" to the question: Do you think that the United Kingdom should remain part of the European Community ?

Though membership was secured, the divides within Labour didn't go away, with many leading Cabinet ministers viewing the EEC as incompatible with the aims of socialism.

That fissure, among others, would weaken Labour and pave the way for the election in 1979 of Margaret Thatcher's Conservatives.

Times were tough and globalisation threatend traditional British industry. The great powershouses of the industrial revolution were fading away. Industrial disputes were a common occurence.

"Many of the great industries which had been part of Britain's pioneering of the industrial revoultion were being hollowed out. We were pouring a lot of money into them because many of them were nationalised and the tax payer was paying hundreds of millions to keep things like shipbuilding and steel going, but unfortunately we were making the kind of goods that were too expensive and not that well designed and so our car industry for example began to fold" explains Goldman.

The industrial world gave way to a more serviced based economy. But the virtual marketplace was still a long way off says Dejan Sudjic, Director of London's Design Museum.

"The idea that you could have a computing power on your desk was extraordinary, furturistic and mad."

Life was still very traditional says Goldman, family lesiure in the 1970s meant a day at the beach.

"Still very traditional (lifestyle). Still very simple, obviously none of the technologies that we use to fill our time, people went for their holiday and their leisure locally to the seaside whereever that might be, whichever was closest to them. Foreign travel was still quite rare the package holiday was starting but it was really for the more wealthy people."

But a shadow hung in the air, as the threat of terrorism was spreading from neighbouring Ireland and the Middle East.

Irish republicans, who wanted a divided Ireland reunited and a British withdrawal from Northern Ireland, had begun targeting mainland Britian.

The pub bombings in Birmingham in 1974 killed 21 people.

" 1974 is the day or the year of the famous Birmingham pub bombings, that was the moment when we realised that terror wouldn't stay in Ulster (Northern Ireland) and Londonderry, it was going to come to London, Birmingham and other places on the mainland as well. Terrorism in the Middle East was also new it was brought home to us in the Munich Olympics in 1972, when terror of course leading to the deaths of athletes reminded us of how vunerable major events are. But all this was relatively new at the time and shocking because of that since then of course we have had to cope with it as almost kind of a normal part of life, the threat that is ever present."

During the 1972 Munich Games, eight Palestinian gunmen, members of the Black September militant group entered the Olympic Village and took Israeli team members hostage.

A day later, all 11 were dead.

The drama started before dawn on Sept. 5, 1972, when eight members of a Palestinian terrorist group called Black September clambered over the unguarded fence of the Olympic village.

Wearing track suits and carrying weapons concealed in athletics bags, they burst into the building where the Israeli team was staying, shooting dead wrestling coach Moshe Weinberg and weightlifter Yossi Romano.

Some Israeli athletes slipped through a back door but nine were seized and tied to furniture. The terrorists demanded the release of more than 200 Palestinians held by Israel.

After a day of tense negotiations, the terrorists and their hostages were allowed to leave aboard two helicopters for the Fuerstenfeldbruck military airfield 16 miles away. The terrorists were promised a plane and safe passage to Cairo, Egypt.

Sharpshooters at the airfield opened fire as the terrorists and the hostages prepared to board a Lufthansa jet.

The guerrillas tossed grenades at the hostages, and one of the helicopters was blown up by a terrorist grenade. When the fighting died down, all nine Israeli captives were dead, along with five of their captors and one German policeman.

In the seventies the Soviet American space race was still underway...but by 1975 it had become more co-operative.

Goldman says "If you grew up in the 1960s and early 1970s space was a very exciting element of the kind of public discourse of television and the media of the age because both the Americans and the Soviets were involved in competition to put a man on the moon and develop space through satellites and so forth"

In July 1975, an American Apollo spaceship docked with a Soviet Soyuz spacecraft in orbit in the first superpower link-up of its kind.

The three-man American Apollo crew docked with a two-member Soviet team in Soyuz and the five conducted the first international manned experiments in space.

Today international teams of astronauts and cosmonauts collaborate onboard the International Space Station high above the earth.

One of the major themes of the current referendum debate is immigration.

The 1960s and 1970s saw large numbers of people moving to Britain from former colonies.

"Immigration was already an issue in Britain. It had been since the mid and late 1960s, so it is not as if some of the questions we are debating today are wholly new..far from it." adds Goldman.

West Indians, people from the English-speaking Caribbean, came mainly in the late 1950s and early 1960s, mostly for jobs in public transport. Asian immigration peaked in the 1970s.

Immigrants included Asians from East Africa, fleeing from or expelled by countries that had gained independence from Britain. The largest single group was 27,000 Asians, who were among 70,000 Asians expelled and their property seized by dictator Idi Amin in Uganda in 1972.

The non-white population, excluding those born in Britain, was 418,000 in the 1961 government census and 930,000 in the 1971 count.

Today 8 million people or 14% of the UK population belong to an ethnic minority according to 'A Portrait of Modern Britain' published in 2014 by Policy Exchange, a UK based think tank. The report added that most ethnic people live in urban areas.

In the early 1970s Britain's class system exerted more control over people's lives than now and Europe was another place - an expensive flight or ferry journey away.

Sudjic says times have changed and today the British are less frightened of foreign food and habits.

"The things that we eat, the things we have in our home have been transformed utterly. Britain was suspicious of something called garlic in those days, we drank more beer than we drink wine. Britain was still finding that France was full of exotic stuff like snails and onions. We have embraced all that."

Today Paris is a short (ish) train journey away, Londoners can nip off to the French capital for lunch at a boulveard cafe on the Champs Elysee.

Will Britons continued that awkward embrace or unfriend their neighbours across the sea ?

The EU referendum takes place on June 23, 2016.

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, April 3, 1973 (MUTE)

++4:3++

1. Mid of model wearing brown suit by Mary Quant

2. Mid of model wearing turquoise wool skirt by Donegal Designs

3. Mid of model wearing printed chiffon evening dress by Ossie Clark

AP TELEVISION

United States (no exact date and location available)

January 9, 1978

++4:3++

4. Punk group (Sex Pistols) playing and singing.

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, February 18, 2004

++4:3++

5. Jennifer Aniston, poses with Jamie Oliver and his wife Jools at a film premiere

AP TELEVISION

New York, 9 September 2014

6. Various shots David Beckham at clothes event

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, 26 March 2015

7. Arrival of Russell Brand at an event

AP TELEVISION

Rome, Italy, 3 September 1995

++4:3++

8. Bill Gates enters conference room

AP IMAGES

9. In this 1984 file photo, Bill Gates, founder and chairman of Microsoft Corp., is shown.

AP TELEVISION

Rome, Italy, 3 September 1995

++4:3++

10. Close-up Gates

AP TELEVISION

no exact dates or locations available, UK 1974

++4:3++

11. Various of shoppers and supermarkets

12. Cars on London street

13. Harold Wilson and wife pose for press at country home.

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 3, 1975 (MUTE)

++4:3++

14. Mid of Margaret Thatcher wearing a flags-of-Europe sweater, flanked by women also wearing pro-Europe sweaters

15. Mid of Thatcher trying to light a candle / torch

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 9, 2016

++16:9++

16. Set up Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of Institute of Historical Research, University of London

17. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of Institute of Historical Research, University of London

"The parties has flipped and flopped over their views of Europe all the way through since the 1960s and in the early 1970s the Labour party was in its way as divided then as the conservative party is today. "

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, April 26, 1975

++4:3++

18. Wide of Labour Party Conference

19. Harold Wilson addressing conference

UPSOUND : (English) Harold Wilson, Labour Party Leader and Prime Minister in 1975

" On this very fundamental test I know I will not convince those who take a different view, nor will they convince me in the light of my practical experience. But I believe it will be on this question above all others that a decision is finally taken by the people as a whole." Cutaway Michael Foot MP.

AP TELEVISION

United Kingdom, Feburary 10, 1974 - no exact location available (MUTE)

++4:3++

20. Various of non functioning coal mine during national coal strike

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 9, 2016

++16:9++

21. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of Institute of Historical Research, University of London

"Many of the great industries which had been part of Britain's pioneering of the industrial revoultion were being hollowed out. We were pouring a lot of money into them because many of them were nationalised, and the tax payer was paying hundreds of millions to keep things like shipbuilding and steel going, but unfortunately we were making the kind of goods that were too expensive and not that well designed and so our car industry for example began to fold."

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, September 24, 1973 (MUTE)

++4:3++

22. Ford workers walking out of various plants

23. Wide of Ford cars on train

24. Wide entrance to a Ford plant, minimal activity

25. Mid sign Gate 1 Engine Plant

26. Tracking shot along halted production line of Ford engines

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 9, 2016

++16:9++

27. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dejan Sudjic, Director of Design Museum

" Computers were still the size of a room. The idea that you could have a computing power on your desk would have seemed extraordinary, furturistic and mad."

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 3, 1975 (MUTE)

++4:3++

28. Various of people in an office

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 9, 2016

++16:9++

29. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of Institute of Historical Research, University of London

"Still very traditional (lifestyle). Still very simple, obviously none of the technologies that we use to fill our time, people went for their holiday and their leisure locally to the seaside whereever that might be, whichever was closest to them. Foreign travel was still quite rare the package holiday was starting but it was really for the more wealthy people."

AP TELEVISION

Bournemouth, United Kingdom (undated 1973) (MUTE)

++4:3++

30. Various of people at the seaside

AP PHOTOS - NO ACCESS CANADA/BROADCAST USE ONLY/STRICTLY NO ACCESS ONLINE OR MOBILE

Birmingham, United Kingdom, 22 November 1974

31. STILL showing a general view of wreckage inside The Mulberry Bush public house, one of two pubs bombed in Birmingham in 1974

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, December 27, 1973 (MUTE)

++4:3++

32. Various of aftermath of IRA bombing of Stevedore pub

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 9, 2016

++16:9++

33. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of Institute of Historical Research, University of London

" 1974 is the day or the year of the famous Birmingham pub bombings, that was the moment when we realised that terror wouldn't stay in Ulster (Northern Ireland) and Londonderry, it was going to come to London, Birmingham and other places on the mainland as well. Terrorism in the Middle East was also new it was brought home to us in the Munich Olympics in 1972, when terror of course leading to the deaths of athletes reminded us of how vunerable major events were. But all this was relatively new at the time and shocking because of that since then of course we have had to cope with it as almost kind of a normal part of life, the threat that is ever present."

AP IMAGES

34. In this Sept. 5, 1972, file photo, a member of the Arab Commando group which seized members of the Israeli Olympic Team at their quarters at the Munich Olympic Village appears with a hood over his face on the balcony of the village building where the commandos held several members of the Israeli team hostage.

35. West German policemen wearing sweatsuits, bullet-proof vests and armed with submachine guns, take up positions on September 5, 1972 on Olympic Village rooftops where armed Palestine commandos were holding Israeli team members hostage

36. Ankie Spitzer, widow of the Israeli fencing coach, Andre Spitzer, who was slain by Arab terrorists Sept. 5, surveys the room where the incident occurred at Munich's Olympic Village in West Germany on Sept. 8, 1972. The chalk circles on the wall were made by West German police to trace the impact of the bullets.

NASA

Date and location unknown (1975)

++4:3++

37. Rocket launch

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 9, 2016

++16:9++

38. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of Institute of Historical Research, University of London

"If you grew up in the 1960s and early 1970s space was a very exciting element of the kind of public discourse of the television and the media of the age because both the Americans and the Soviets were involved in competition to put a man on the moon and to develop space through satellites and so forth"

NASA

Date and location unknown (1975)

++4:3++

39. Soyuz and Apollo join together, astronauts and cosmonauts meet

AP TELEVISION (MUTE)

no exact dates or locations available, UK 1974

++4:3++

40. Wide of building site

41. Man working on building site

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 9, 2016

++16:9++

42. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of Institute of Historical Research, University of London

"Immigration was already an issue in Britain. It had been since the mid and late 1960s, so it is not as if some of the questions we are debating today are wholly new..far from it."

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, September 24, 1973 (MUTE)

++4:3++

43. Various men take part in industrial action at Ford plant, ethnic minorities amongst them

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, April 30, 1973 (MUTE)

++4:3++

44. Various of rail station during national strike

45. Various of street scenes, buses

AP TELEVISION

Ascot, United Kingdom, June 17, 1974 (MUTE)

++4:3++

46. The Queen in a carriage

47. Wide of racegoers in top hats

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 9, 2016

++16:9++

48. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dejan Sudjic, Director of Design Museum

"The things that we eat, the things we have in our home have been transformed utterly. Britain was suspicious of something called garlic in those days, we drank more beer than we drink wine. People were still finding that France was exotic, full of dangerous stuff like snails and onions. We have embraced all that."

AP TELEVISION

Cannes, France - May 11 1973 (MUTE)

++4:3++

49. Various of Cannes

50. Mid tilt up of woman sunbathing

AP TELEVISION

Paris, France - October 20, 1970 (MUTE)

++4:3++

51. Wide of Eiffel Tower

AP TELEVISION

Paris, France - July 26, 1975 (MUTE)

++4:3++

52. Various of models showing off clothes by designer Ted Lapidus on Parisian street at boulevard cafe

LEAD IN

Britons are preparing to vote in a referendum on June 23rd on whether to remain in the European Union.

The last time there was such a vote was in 1975, when the UK was experiencing industrial action, political infighting, maxi skirts and the birth of David Beckham.

STORY-LINE :

In the early 1970s hemlines dropped as inflation grew and economic growth stagnated.

The happy carefree days of the swinging sixties seemed a world away, as angry punks took centre stage.

Jamie Oliver, Russell Brand and that symbol of turn of the century Britain, David Beckham, were all babes in arms in the year that Britain first voted on continued member ship of the EEC.

Brand was just one day old, having being born on June 4, a day before the poll.

In 1975 Microsoft was founded by 19 year old Bill gates and 22 year old Paul Allen, the company would help revolutionised our relationship with technology with its popualr line of personal computers.

Britain joined the European Economic Community, as the EU was then called, in 1973.

But it was a rocky union from the start and three years later Harold Wilson's Labour Party government held a referendum on membership in 5 June 1975.

Wilson had won the British general election on a platform that included a pledge to renegotiate the terms of British membership in the EEC, and the issue split his party.

Wilson led the successful referendum campaign that secured Britain's membership in the European Community under renegotiated terms of membership.

The new leader of the opposition Conservative party, Margaret Thatcher, also campaigned to remain in the European Union in 1975.

She later became prime minister between 1979 and 1990, and as prime minister she became known for her tough line with Brussels.

Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of the Institute of Historical Research at the University of London says the issue of Europe has long troubled British politicians.

"The parties has flipped and flopped over their views of Europe all the way through since the 1960s and in the early 1970s the Labour party was in a way as divided then as the Conservative party is today. "

In 1975 a majority of 67 percent said "yes" to the question: Do you think that the United Kingdom should remain part of the European Community ?

Though membership was secured, the divides within Labour didn't go away, with many leading Cabinet ministers viewing the EEC as incompatible with the aims of socialism.

That fissure, among others, would weaken Labour and pave the way for the election in 1979 of Margaret Thatcher's Conservatives.

Times were tough and globalisation threatend traditional British industry. The great powershouses of the industrial revolution were fading away. Industrial disputes were a common occurence.

"Many of the great industries which had been part of Britain's pioneering of the industrial revoultion were being hollowed out. We were pouring a lot of money into them because many of them were nationalised and the tax payer was paying hundreds of millions to keep things like shipbuilding and steel going, but unfortunately we were making the kind of goods that were too expensive and not that well designed and so our car industry for example began to fold" explains Goldman.

The industrial world gave way to a more serviced based economy. But the virtual marketplace was still a long way off says Dejan Sudjic, Director of London's Design Museum.

"The idea that you could have a computing power on your desk was extraordinary, furturistic and mad."

Life was still very traditional says Goldman, family lesiure in the 1970s meant a day at the beach.

"Still very traditional (lifestyle). Still very simple, obviously none of the technologies that we use to fill our time, people went for their holiday and their leisure locally to the seaside whereever that might be, whichever was closest to them. Foreign travel was still quite rare the package holiday was starting but it was really for the more wealthy people."

But a shadow hung in the air, as the threat of terrorism was spreading from neighbouring Ireland and the Middle East.

Irish republicans, who wanted a divided Ireland reunited and a British withdrawal from Northern Ireland, had begun targeting mainland Britian.

The pub bombings in Birmingham in 1974 killed 21 people.

" 1974 is the day or the year of the famous Birmingham pub bombings, that was the moment when we realised that terror wouldn't stay in Ulster (Northern Ireland) and Londonderry, it was going to come to London, Birmingham and other places on the mainland as well. Terrorism in the Middle East was also new it was brought home to us in the Munich Olympics in 1972, when terror of course leading to the deaths of athletes reminded us of how vunerable major events are. But all this was relatively new at the time and shocking because of that since then of course we have had to cope with it as almost kind of a normal part of life, the threat that is ever present."

During the 1972 Munich Games, eight Palestinian gunmen, members of the Black September militant group entered the Olympic Village and took Israeli team members hostage.

A day later, all 11 were dead.

The drama started before dawn on Sept. 5, 1972, when eight members of a Palestinian terrorist group called Black September clambered over the unguarded fence of the Olympic village.

Wearing track suits and carrying weapons concealed in athletics bags, they burst into the building where the Israeli team was staying, shooting dead wrestling coach Moshe Weinberg and weightlifter Yossi Romano.

Some Israeli athletes slipped through a back door but nine were seized and tied to furniture. The terrorists demanded the release of more than 200 Palestinians held by Israel.

After a day of tense negotiations, the terrorists and their hostages were allowed to leave aboard two helicopters for the Fuerstenfeldbruck military airfield 16 miles away. The terrorists were promised a plane and safe passage to Cairo, Egypt.

Sharpshooters at the airfield opened fire as the terrorists and the hostages prepared to board a Lufthansa jet.

The guerrillas tossed grenades at the hostages, and one of the helicopters was blown up by a terrorist grenade. When the fighting died down, all nine Israeli captives were dead, along with five of their captors and one German policeman.

In the seventies the Soviet American space race was still underway...but by 1975 it had become more co-operative.

Goldman says "If you grew up in the 1960s and early 1970s space was a very exciting element of the kind of public discourse of television and the media of the age because both the Americans and the Soviets were involved in competition to put a man on the moon and develop space through satellites and so forth"

In July 1975, an American Apollo spaceship docked with a Soviet Soyuz spacecraft in orbit in the first superpower link-up of its kind.

The three-man American Apollo crew docked with a two-member Soviet team in Soyuz and the five conducted the first international manned experiments in space.

Today international teams of astronauts and cosmonauts collaborate onboard the International Space Station high above the earth.

One of the major themes of the current referendum debate is immigration.

The 1960s and 1970s saw large numbers of people moving to Britain from former colonies.

"Immigration was already an issue in Britain. It had been since the mid and late 1960s, so it is not as if some of the questions we are debating today are wholly new..far from it." adds Goldman.

West Indians, people from the English-speaking Caribbean, came mainly in the late 1950s and early 1960s, mostly for jobs in public transport. Asian immigration peaked in the 1970s.

Immigrants included Asians from East Africa, fleeing from or expelled by countries that had gained independence from Britain. The largest single group was 27,000 Asians, who were among 70,000 Asians expelled and their property seized by dictator Idi Amin in Uganda in 1972.

The non-white population, excluding those born in Britain, was 418,000 in the 1961 government census and 930,000 in the 1971 count.

Today 8 million people or 14% of the UK population belong to an ethnic minority according to 'A Portrait of Modern Britain' published in 2014 by Policy Exchange, a UK based think tank. The report added that most ethnic people live in urban areas.

In the early 1970s Britain's class system exerted more control over people's lives than now and Europe was another place - an expensive flight or ferry journey away.

Sudjic says times have changed and today the British are less frightened of foreign food and habits.

"The things that we eat, the things we have in our home have been transformed utterly. Britain was suspicious of something called garlic in those days, we drank more beer than we drink wine. Britain was still finding that France was full of exotic stuff like snails and onions. We have embraced all that."

Today Paris is a short (ish) train journey away, Londoners can nip off to the French capital for lunch at a boulveard cafe on the Champs Elysee.

Will Britons continued that awkward embrace or unfriend their neighbours across the sea ?

The EU referendum takes place on June 23, 2016.

LEAD IN

Britons are preparing to vote in a referendum on June 23rd on whether to remain in the European Union.

The last time there was such a vote was in 1975, when the UK was experiencing industrial action, political infighting, maxi skirts and the birth of David Beckham.

STORY-LINE :

In the early 1970s hemlines dropped as inflation grew and economic growth stagnated.

The happy carefree days of the swinging sixties seemed a world away, as angry punks took centre stage.

Jamie Oliver, Russell Brand and that symbol of turn of the century Britain, David Beckham, were all babes in arms in the year that Britain first voted on continued member ship of the EEC.

Brand was just one day old, having being born on June 4, a day before the poll.

In 1975 Microsoft was founded by 19 year old Bill gates and 22 year old Paul Allen, the company would help revolutionised our relationship with technology with its popualr line of personal computers.

Britain joined the European Economic Community, as the EU was then called, in 1973.

But it was a rocky union from the start and three years later Harold Wilson's Labour Party government held a referendum on membership in 5 June 1975.

Wilson had won the British general election on a platform that included a pledge to renegotiate the terms of British membership in the EEC, and the issue split his party.

Wilson led the successful referendum campaign that secured Britain's membership in the European Community under renegotiated terms of membership.

The new leader of the opposition Conservative party, Margaret Thatcher, also campaigned to remain in the European Union in 1975.

She later became prime minister between 1979 and 1990, and as prime minister she became known for her tough line with Brussels.

Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of the Institute of Historical Research at the University of London says the issue of Europe has long troubled British politicians.

"The parties has flipped and flopped over their views of Europe all the way through since the 1960s and in the early 1970s the Labour party was in a way as divided then as the Conservative party is today. "

In 1975 a majority of 67 percent said "yes" to the question: Do you think that the United Kingdom should remain part of the European Community ?

Though membership was secured, the divides within Labour didn't go away, with many leading Cabinet ministers viewing the EEC as incompatible with the aims of socialism.

That fissure, among others, would weaken Labour and pave the way for the election in 1979 of Margaret Thatcher's Conservatives.

Times were tough and globalisation threatend traditional British industry. The great powershouses of the industrial revolution were fading away. Industrial disputes were a common occurence.

"Many of the great industries which had been part of Britain's pioneering of the industrial revoultion were being hollowed out. We were pouring a lot of money into them because many of them were nationalised and the tax payer was paying hundreds of millions to keep things like shipbuilding and steel going, but unfortunately we were making the kind of goods that were too expensive and not that well designed and so our car industry for example began to fold" explains Goldman.

The industrial world gave way to a more serviced based economy. But the virtual marketplace was still a long way off says Dejan Sudjic, Director of London's Design Museum.

"The idea that you could have a computing power on your desk was extraordinary, furturistic and mad."

Life was still very traditional says Goldman, family lesiure in the 1970s meant a day at the beach.

"Still very traditional (lifestyle). Still very simple, obviously none of the technologies that we use to fill our time, people went for their holiday and their leisure locally to the seaside whereever that might be, whichever was closest to them. Foreign travel was still quite rare the package holiday was starting but it was really for the more wealthy people."

But a shadow hung in the air, as the threat of terrorism was spreading from neighbouring Ireland and the Middle East.

Irish republicans, who wanted a divided Ireland reunited and a British withdrawal from Northern Ireland, had begun targeting mainland Britian.

The pub bombings in Birmingham in 1974 killed 21 people.

" 1974 is the day or the year of the famous Birmingham pub bombings, that was the moment when we realised that terror wouldn't stay in Ulster (Northern Ireland) and Londonderry, it was going to come to London, Birmingham and other places on the mainland as well. Terrorism in the Middle East was also new it was brought home to us in the Munich Olympics in 1972, when terror of course leading to the deaths of athletes reminded us of how vunerable major events are. But all this was relatively new at the time and shocking because of that since then of course we have had to cope with it as almost kind of a normal part of life, the threat that is ever present."

During the 1972 Munich Games, eight Palestinian gunmen, members of the Black September militant group entered the Olympic Village and took Israeli team members hostage.

A day later, all 11 were dead.

The drama started before dawn on Sept. 5, 1972, when eight members of a Palestinian terrorist group called Black September clambered over the unguarded fence of the Olympic village.

Wearing track suits and carrying weapons concealed in athletics bags, they burst into the building where the Israeli team was staying, shooting dead wrestling coach Moshe Weinberg and weightlifter Yossi Romano.

Some Israeli athletes slipped through a back door but nine were seized and tied to furniture. The terrorists demanded the release of more than 200 Palestinians held by Israel.

After a day of tense negotiations, the terrorists and their hostages were allowed to leave aboard two helicopters for the Fuerstenfeldbruck military airfield 16 miles away. The terrorists were promised a plane and safe passage to Cairo, Egypt.

Sharpshooters at the airfield opened fire as the terrorists and the hostages prepared to board a Lufthansa jet.

The guerrillas tossed grenades at the hostages, and one of the helicopters was blown up by a terrorist grenade. When the fighting died down, all nine Israeli captives were dead, along with five of their captors and one German policeman.

In the seventies the Soviet American space race was still underway...but by 1975 it had become more co-operative.

Goldman says "If you grew up in the 1960s and early 1970s space was a very exciting element of the kind of public discourse of television and the media of the age because both the Americans and the Soviets were involved in competition to put a man on the moon and develop space through satellites and so forth"

In July 1975, an American Apollo spaceship docked with a Soviet Soyuz spacecraft in orbit in the first superpower link-up of its kind.

The three-man American Apollo crew docked with a two-member Soviet team in Soyuz and the five conducted the first international manned experiments in space.

Today international teams of astronauts and cosmonauts collaborate onboard the International Space Station high above the earth.

One of the major themes of the current referendum debate is immigration.

The 1960s and 1970s saw large numbers of people moving to Britain from former colonies.

"Immigration was already an issue in Britain. It had been since the mid and late 1960s, so it is not as if some of the questions we are debating today are wholly new..far from it." adds Goldman.

West Indians, people from the English-speaking Caribbean, came mainly in the late 1950s and early 1960s, mostly for jobs in public transport. Asian immigration peaked in the 1970s.

Immigrants included Asians from East Africa, fleeing from or expelled by countries that had gained independence from Britain. The largest single group was 27,000 Asians, who were among 70,000 Asians expelled and their property seized by dictator Idi Amin in Uganda in 1972.

The non-white population, excluding those born in Britain, was 418,000 in the 1961 government census and 930,000 in the 1971 count.

Today 8 million people or 14% of the UK population belong to an ethnic minority according to 'A Portrait of Modern Britain' published in 2014 by Policy Exchange, a UK based think tank. The report added that most ethnic people live in urban areas.

In the early 1970s Britain's class system exerted more control over people's lives than now and Europe was another place - an expensive flight or ferry journey away.

Sudjic says times have changed and today the British are less frightened of foreign food and habits.

"The things that we eat, the things we have in our home have been transformed utterly. Britain was suspicious of something called garlic in those days, we drank more beer than we drink wine. Britain was still finding that France was full of exotic stuff like snails and onions. We have embraced all that."

Today Paris is a short (ish) train journey away, Londoners can nip off to the French capital for lunch at a boulveard cafe on the Champs Elysee.

Will Britons continued that awkward embrace or unfriend their neighbours across the sea ?

The EU referendum takes place on June 23, 2016.

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, April 3, 1973 (MUTE)

++4:3++

1. Mid of model wearing brown suit by Mary Quant

2. Mid of model wearing turquoise wool skirt by Donegal Designs

3. Mid of model wearing printed chiffon evening dress by Ossie Clark

AP TELEVISION

United States (no exact date and location available)

January 9, 1978

++4:3++

4. Punk group (Sex Pistols) playing and singing.

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, February 18, 2004

++4:3++

5. Jennifer Aniston, poses with Jamie Oliver and his wife Jools at a film premiere

AP TELEVISION

New York, 9 September 2014

6. Various shots David Beckham at clothes event

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, 26 March 2015

7. Arrival of Russell Brand at an event

AP TELEVISION

Rome, Italy, 3 September 1995

++4:3++

8. Bill Gates enters conference room

AP IMAGES

9. In this 1984 file photo, Bill Gates, founder and chairman of Microsoft Corp., is shown.

AP TELEVISION

Rome, Italy, 3 September 1995

++4:3++

10. Close-up Gates

AP TELEVISION

no exact dates or locations available, UK 1974

++4:3++

11. Various of shoppers and supermarkets

12. Cars on London street

13. Harold Wilson and wife pose for press at country home.

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 3, 1975 (MUTE)

++4:3++

14. Mid of Margaret Thatcher wearing a flags-of-Europe sweater, flanked by women also wearing pro-Europe sweaters

15. Mid of Thatcher trying to light a candle / torch

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 9, 2016

++16:9++

16. Set up Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of Institute of Historical Research, University of London

17. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of Institute of Historical Research, University of London

"The parties has flipped and flopped over their views of Europe all the way through since the 1960s and in the early 1970s the Labour party was in its way as divided then as the conservative party is today. "

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, April 26, 1975

++4:3++

18. Wide of Labour Party Conference

19. Harold Wilson addressing conference

UPSOUND : (English) Harold Wilson, Labour Party Leader and Prime Minister in 1975

" On this very fundamental test I know I will not convince those who take a different view, nor will they convince me in the light of my practical experience. But I believe it will be on this question above all others that a decision is finally taken by the people as a whole." Cutaway Michael Foot MP.

AP TELEVISION

United Kingdom, Feburary 10, 1974 - no exact location available (MUTE)

++4:3++

20. Various of non functioning coal mine during national coal strike

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 9, 2016

++16:9++

21. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of Institute of Historical Research, University of London

"Many of the great industries which had been part of Britain's pioneering of the industrial revoultion were being hollowed out. We were pouring a lot of money into them because many of them were nationalised, and the tax payer was paying hundreds of millions to keep things like shipbuilding and steel going, but unfortunately we were making the kind of goods that were too expensive and not that well designed and so our car industry for example began to fold."

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, September 24, 1973 (MUTE)

++4:3++

22. Ford workers walking out of various plants

23. Wide of Ford cars on train

24. Wide entrance to a Ford plant, minimal activity

25. Mid sign Gate 1 Engine Plant

26. Tracking shot along halted production line of Ford engines

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 9, 2016

++16:9++

27. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dejan Sudjic, Director of Design Museum

" Computers were still the size of a room. The idea that you could have a computing power on your desk would have seemed extraordinary, furturistic and mad."

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 3, 1975 (MUTE)

++4:3++

28. Various of people in an office

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 9, 2016

++16:9++

29. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of Institute of Historical Research, University of London

"Still very traditional (lifestyle). Still very simple, obviously none of the technologies that we use to fill our time, people went for their holiday and their leisure locally to the seaside whereever that might be, whichever was closest to them. Foreign travel was still quite rare the package holiday was starting but it was really for the more wealthy people."

AP TELEVISION

Bournemouth, United Kingdom (undated 1973) (MUTE)

++4:3++

30. Various of people at the seaside

AP PHOTOS - NO ACCESS CANADA/BROADCAST USE ONLY/STRICTLY NO ACCESS ONLINE OR MOBILE

Birmingham, United Kingdom, 22 November 1974

31. STILL showing a general view of wreckage inside The Mulberry Bush public house, one of two pubs bombed in Birmingham in 1974

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, December 27, 1973 (MUTE)

++4:3++

32. Various of aftermath of IRA bombing of Stevedore pub

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 9, 2016

++16:9++

33. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of Institute of Historical Research, University of London

" 1974 is the day or the year of the famous Birmingham pub bombings, that was the moment when we realised that terror wouldn't stay in Ulster (Northern Ireland) and Londonderry, it was going to come to London, Birmingham and other places on the mainland as well. Terrorism in the Middle East was also new it was brought home to us in the Munich Olympics in 1972, when terror of course leading to the deaths of athletes reminded us of how vunerable major events were. But all this was relatively new at the time and shocking because of that since then of course we have had to cope with it as almost kind of a normal part of life, the threat that is ever present."

AP IMAGES

34. In this Sept. 5, 1972, file photo, a member of the Arab Commando group which seized members of the Israeli Olympic Team at their quarters at the Munich Olympic Village appears with a hood over his face on the balcony of the village building where the commandos held several members of the Israeli team hostage.

35. West German policemen wearing sweatsuits, bullet-proof vests and armed with submachine guns, take up positions on September 5, 1972 on Olympic Village rooftops where armed Palestine commandos were holding Israeli team members hostage

36. Ankie Spitzer, widow of the Israeli fencing coach, Andre Spitzer, who was slain by Arab terrorists Sept. 5, surveys the room where the incident occurred at Munich's Olympic Village in West Germany on Sept. 8, 1972. The chalk circles on the wall were made by West German police to trace the impact of the bullets.

NASA

Date and location unknown (1975)

++4:3++

37. Rocket launch

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 9, 2016

++16:9++

38. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of Institute of Historical Research, University of London

"If you grew up in the 1960s and early 1970s space was a very exciting element of the kind of public discourse of the television and the media of the age because both the Americans and the Soviets were involved in competition to put a man on the moon and to develop space through satellites and so forth"

NASA

Date and location unknown (1975)

++4:3++

39. Soyuz and Apollo join together, astronauts and cosmonauts meet

AP TELEVISION (MUTE)

no exact dates or locations available, UK 1974

++4:3++

40. Wide of building site

41. Man working on building site

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 9, 2016

++16:9++

42. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of Institute of Historical Research, University of London

"Immigration was already an issue in Britain. It had been since the mid and late 1960s, so it is not as if some of the questions we are debating today are wholly new..far from it."

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, September 24, 1973 (MUTE)

++4:3++

43. Various men take part in industrial action at Ford plant, ethnic minorities amongst them

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, April 30, 1973 (MUTE)

++4:3++

44. Various of rail station during national strike

45. Various of street scenes, buses

AP TELEVISION

Ascot, United Kingdom, June 17, 1974 (MUTE)

++4:3++

46. The Queen in a carriage

47. Wide of racegoers in top hats

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 9, 2016

++16:9++

48. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dejan Sudjic, Director of Design Museum

"The things that we eat, the things we have in our home have been transformed utterly. Britain was suspicious of something called garlic in those days, we drank more beer than we drink wine. People were still finding that France was exotic, full of dangerous stuff like snails and onions. We have embraced all that."

AP TELEVISION

Cannes, France - May 11 1973 (MUTE)

++4:3++

49. Various of Cannes

50. Mid tilt up of woman sunbathing

AP TELEVISION

Paris, France - October 20, 1970 (MUTE)

++4:3++

51. Wide of Eiffel Tower

AP TELEVISION

Paris, France - July 26, 1975 (MUTE)

++4:3++

52. Various of models showing off clothes by designer Ted Lapidus on Parisian street at boulevard cafe