FOR CLEAN VERSION SEE STORY NUMBER: 4038463

LEAD IN:

UK wine industry experts are eyeing the upcoming vote on whether to leave the European Union with mixed feelings.

With producers and suppliers heavily reliant on pan-European trade, many remain unsure how Brexit will impact upon business.

STORY-LINE:

Sparkling wine on a summer's day in the English capital.

Glistening flutes and bottles in abundance, and a crowd of happy lunchtime drinkers add to the atmosphere of excitement and discovery, along with an impromptu game of ping pong.

It must be London Wine Week.

This is the third year of the festival, and this year is the most popular to date.

Festival director Emma Murphy says "It's the largest self-guided wine tasting that there is across London. It's kind of the only event of its kind that we have over here. So we work with 125 bars, restaurants, independent merchants who all get involved" .

But although these flutes of fizz are English sparkling wine, much of the wine the festival goers here are tasting is from EU member states such as France, Spain, Portugal, Italy and Germany.

The June 23 referendum on whether to quit the European Union is fast approaching. So is this something the industry should fear?

"I wouldn't have said so," says Murphy.

"Wine trade has been going for long enough, even long before the euro, so I wouldn't have thought that would make much difference to be honest with you. Hopefully not anyway."

At the festival hub on London's Devonshire Square, there are pop-up bars featuring wines from across Europe.

These two young graduate trainees are enjoying wines from Portugal, and with their festival wristband, it costs them just five British Pounds for a flight of three.

Oscar Stenbom and Anna Rogers both agree that things may well be different if Britain leaves the union.

"If it's more expensive for them to send the wine here, if there's more tariffs, then yeah I guess it would be," says Anna, while Oscar is concerned about regulation and labelling:

"It would also be more difficult to know what you are drinking because there won't be as many restrictions on labelling the wine based on where it's actually from and the grape it's actually come from."

The New Street wine shop has been taken over by the wine festival. They sell wines from all over the world but today they are holding a tasting featuring wines from Ribera del Duero in northern Spain.

Most wine drinkers know about the region of Rioja, but Bettina Lemm is informing these festival goers about the region she represents.

"I think they (wines of Ribera del Duero) are still an emerging market, especially in the UK. The UK is an important market for Ribera del Duero, it's the seventh-largest export market for Ribera del Duero but I think that we're still establishing ourselves."

But if the UK is an important export market, is Brexit going to throw the proverbial spanner into the works? Lemm doesn't seem too worried "I think at the moment we're pretty confident as we've seen year to year that exports have grown. I think that's going to continue and I don't think it's a worry that we have at the moment," she says.

Wine used to have a rather old fashioned reputation and a comparatively elderly demographic, but this has changed enormously in recent years.

The prevalence of wine clubs popping up in the UK is an indicator of wine's increasing popularity.

Tom Harrow of Honest Grapes explains why this is "I think this is because people want to engage more with what's in the bottle. It's not just liquid, they want to know the stories behind it, they want to meet the people involved. And there's the sociable aspect, you know wine is fundamentally something which we do with other people," he says.

With 125 venues across the metropolis taking part in this festival, there's plenty of opportunity to enjoy it with friends.

But with such enthusiasm for wine spreading across the country, June 23 could bring disruption, according to Harrow "It's fair to say that we're a bit concerned about the possibilities of Brexit, I think the rising price of the euro against the pound will have a serious effect on quality wine. At the moment more than 60 percent of wine that comes into the UK is shipped in massive great tankers and bottled over here and that's not something we get involved with. But that becomes the only affordable way if the pound plummets against the euro. So I think that it won't be a good thing initially for the wine consumer because the prices of these small artisan wines will go up" .

However, the future might be bright in other, unexpected ways.

"All the English wine makers that I speak to say we are half a degree away from being a perfect climate for sparkling wines at least," says Harrow, and with apologies to climate change icon Al Gore, he adds that "global warming is a good thing for the UK sparkling wine trade."

Reports by the WSTA (Wine and Spirit Trade Association) suggest there is still some way to go as the UK comes in at number six on the list of sales of sparkling wine by origin - but it's rising year on year.

600 million bottles of wine are bottled in the UK.

This makes the UK wine market the sixth largest in the world, generating 173 billion British pounds of economic activity, according to the WSTA. 10 billion British pounds are made through sales.

Also being showcased here is one of the new kids on the alcohol block, Regal Rogue Vermouth.

According to brand founder Mark Ward, vermouth, by definition, is 75 percent wine. It must have wormwood and it must have an ABV (alcohol by volume) of 15 to 24 percent. These three things have to be in place for a producer to put vermouth on the bottle or it flouts recent EU regulations.

Ward, who was brought up in hospitality, began the project in Australia where he worked closely with top Australian chefs who introduced him to indigenous herbs and spices.

"It seemed like a really obvious thing to do, marrying the herbs and spices with this abundance of Australian wine to create a New World style of vermouth. And you know the tradition of vermouth is really led by the European markets. You know, Italian, French, now Spanish - but now there are vermouths coming out of America, the UK, Germany and obviously Australia. So pretty much anywhere where you find wine now, you will find a vermouth of some sort." he says.

Ward is attempting to educate the wine drinking market which, he believes, is mostly unaware of the fact that vermouth is fundamentally a wine.

This can only be helped by a new pop up for 2016, the Vermouth Bar.

The parent company of London Wine Week is the aptly named "Drink Up London", and they're already preparing for the 2017 event - Brexit or no Brexit.

FOR CLEAN VERSION SEE STORY NUMBER: 4038463

LEAD IN:

UK wine industry experts are eyeing the upcoming vote on whether to leave the European Union with mixed feelings.

With producers and suppliers heavily reliant on pan-European trade, many remain unsure how Brexit will impact upon business.

STORY-LINE:

Sparkling wine on a summer's day in the English capital.

Glistening flutes and bottles in abundance, and a crowd of happy lunchtime drinkers add to the atmosphere of excitement and discovery, along with an impromptu game of ping pong.

It must be London Wine Week.

This is the third year of the festival, and this year is the most popular to date.

Festival director Emma Murphy says "It's the largest self-guided wine tasting that there is across London. It's kind of the only event of its kind that we have over here. So we work with 125 bars, restaurants, independent merchants who all get involved" .

But although these flutes of fizz are English sparkling wine, much of the wine the festival goers here are tasting is from EU member states such as France, Spain, Portugal, Italy and Germany.

The June 23 referendum on whether to quit the European Union is fast approaching. So is this something the industry should fear?

"I wouldn't have said so," says Murphy.

"Wine trade has been going for long enough, even long before the euro, so I wouldn't have thought that would make much difference to be honest with you. Hopefully not anyway."

At the festival hub on London's Devonshire Square, there are pop-up bars featuring wines from across Europe.

These two young graduate trainees are enjoying wines from Portugal, and with their festival wristband, it costs them just five British Pounds for a flight of three.

Oscar Stenbom and Anna Rogers both agree that things may well be different if Britain leaves the union.

"If it's more expensive for them to send the wine here, if there's more tariffs, then yeah I guess it would be," says Anna, while Oscar is concerned about regulation and labelling:

"It would also be more difficult to know what you are drinking because there won't be as many restrictions on labelling the wine based on where it's actually from and the grape it's actually come from."

The New Street wine shop has been taken over by the wine festival. They sell wines from all over the world but today they are holding a tasting featuring wines from Ribera del Duero in northern Spain.

Most wine drinkers know about the region of Rioja, but Bettina Lemm is informing these festival goers about the region she represents.

"I think they (wines of Ribera del Duero) are still an emerging market, especially in the UK. The UK is an important market for Ribera del Duero, it's the seventh-largest export market for Ribera del Duero but I think that we're still establishing ourselves."

But if the UK is an important export market, is Brexit going to throw the proverbial spanner into the works? Lemm doesn't seem too worried "I think at the moment we're pretty confident as we've seen year to year that exports have grown. I think that's going to continue and I don't think it's a worry that we have at the moment," she says.

Wine used to have a rather old fashioned reputation and a comparatively elderly demographic, but this has changed enormously in recent years.

The prevalence of wine clubs popping up in the UK is an indicator of wine's increasing popularity.

Tom Harrow of Honest Grapes explains why this is "I think this is because people want to engage more with what's in the bottle. It's not just liquid, they want to know the stories behind it, they want to meet the people involved. And there's the sociable aspect, you know wine is fundamentally something which we do with other people," he says.

With 125 venues across the metropolis taking part in this festival, there's plenty of opportunity to enjoy it with friends.

But with such enthusiasm for wine spreading across the country, June 23 could bring disruption, according to Harrow "It's fair to say that we're a bit concerned about the possibilities of Brexit, I think the rising price of the euro against the pound will have a serious effect on quality wine. At the moment more than 60 percent of wine that comes into the UK is shipped in massive great tankers and bottled over here and that's not something we get involved with. But that becomes the only affordable way if the pound plummets against the euro. So I think that it won't be a good thing initially for the wine consumer because the prices of these small artisan wines will go up" .

However, the future might be bright in other, unexpected ways.

"All the English wine makers that I speak to say we are half a degree away from being a perfect climate for sparkling wines at least," says Harrow, and with apologies to climate change icon Al Gore, he adds that "global warming is a good thing for the UK sparkling wine trade."

Reports by the WSTA (Wine and Spirit Trade Association) suggest there is still some way to go as the UK comes in at number six on the list of sales of sparkling wine by origin - but it's rising year on year.

600 million bottles of wine are bottled in the UK.

This makes the UK wine market the sixth largest in the world, generating 173 billion British pounds of economic activity, according to the WSTA. 10 billion British pounds are made through sales.

Also being showcased here is one of the new kids on the alcohol block, Regal Rogue Vermouth.

According to brand founder Mark Ward, vermouth, by definition, is 75 percent wine. It must have wormwood and it must have an ABV (alcohol by volume) of 15 to 24 percent. These three things have to be in place for a producer to put vermouth on the bottle or it flouts recent EU regulations.

Ward, who was brought up in hospitality, began the project in Australia where he worked closely with top Australian chefs who introduced him to indigenous herbs and spices.

"It seemed like a really obvious thing to do, marrying the herbs and spices with this abundance of Australian wine to create a New World style of vermouth. And you know the tradition of vermouth is really led by the European markets. You know, Italian, French, now Spanish - but now there are vermouths coming out of America, the UK, Germany and obviously Australia. So pretty much anywhere where you find wine now, you will find a vermouth of some sort." he says.

Ward is attempting to educate the wine drinking market which, he believes, is mostly unaware of the fact that vermouth is fundamentally a wine.

This can only be helped by a new pop up for 2016, the Vermouth Bar.

The parent company of London Wine Week is the aptly named "Drink Up London", and they're already preparing for the 2017 event - Brexit or no Brexit.

AP Television

London - 27 May 2016

1. Close of wine glasses

2. Bartender pouring sparkling wine

3. Tilt down on central courtyard at Devonshire Square, the hub for London Wine Week

4. Group of friends enjoying English sparkling wine

5. Men playing table tennis

6. Sign reading (English) "London Wine Week"

7. Set up shot of Emma Murphy, director of London Wine Week

8. SOUNDBITE (English) Emma Murphy, director of London Wine Week

"What's unique about it? It's the largest self-guided wine tasting that there is across London. It's kind of the only event of its kind that we have over here. So we work with 125 bars, restaurants, independent merchants who all get involved whether that's with offers, special menus or ticketed events across the week."

9. Two women with wine flight selection

10. SOUNDBITE (English) Emma Murphy, director of London Wine Week

(Responding to the question Do you think a Brexit will affect the wine industry negatively?)

"I wouldn't have said so, because I mean, I think, you know, wine trade has been going for long enough, even long before the euro, so I wouldn't have thought that would make much difference to be honest with you. Hopefully not anyway."

11. Sign reading (English) "Pop into our pop up wine bars"

12. Various of Portuguese wine pop up

13. Mid of graduate trainees in insurance Oscar Stenpom and Anna Rogers

14. Flight of Portuguese wines

15. SOUNDBITE (English) Oscar Stenbom and Anna Rogers, Insurance Graduate Trainees:

(Responding to question Do you think a Brexit will mean it will be more difficult for people to access quality wine?)

Stenbom: "Yes,"

Rogers: "I guess so, I mean if it's more expensive for them to send the wine here, if there's more tariffs, then yeah I guess it would be."

Stenbom: "It would also be more difficult to know what you're drinking, because there won't be as many restrictions on labelling the wine based on where it's actually from and the grape it's actually come from."

16. Pull focus of Spanish wine labels

17. Vintage bottles of fortified wine

18. Side view of Spanish wine bottles

19. Set up shot of Bettina Lemm with wines from Ribera del Duero in northern Spain

20. SOUNDBITE (English) Bettina Lemm, Westbury Communications (which represents the Ribera del Duero region in the UK):

"I think they (wines of Ribera del Duero) are still an emerging market, especially in the UK. The UK is an important market for Ribera del Duero, it's the seventh-largest export market for Ribera del Duero, but I think that we're still establishing ourselves. A lot of people know some big names from the region, and we're just trying to bring attention to some other grape producers who might not yet have the same recognition."

21. Close of wine labels

22. SOUNDBITE (English) Bettina Lemm, Westbury Communications (who represent the Ribera del Duero region in the UK):

(Responding to the question are you worried about the possibility of a Brexit affecting your export market?)

"I think at the moment we're pretty confident, as we've seen year to year that exports have grown. I think that's going to continue and I don't think it's a worry that we have at the moment."

23. Pan from mediaeval knight sculpture to pop up courtyard

24. Mid of Provence wines pop up

25. Establisher shot of Tom Harrow, wine director of Honest Grapes Wine Club

26. Close of Harrow eyeing the wine

27. SOUNDBITE (English) Tom Harrow, wine director of Honest Grapes:

"There's been a real rise in wine clubs in London and the UK generally of late, and I think this is because people want to engage more with what's in the bottle. It's not just liquid, they want to know the stories behind it, they want to meet the people involved. And there's the sociable aspect, you know wine is fundamentally something which we do with other people."

28. Mid of woman laughing over a glass of wine

29. SOUNDBITE (English) Tom Harrow, wine director of Honest Grapes:

"It's fair to say that we're a bit concerned about the possibilities of Brexit, I think the rising price of the euro against the pound will have a serious effect on quality wine. At the moment more than 60 percent of wine that comes into the UK is shipped in massive great tankers and then bottled over here and that's not something we get involved with. But that becomes the only affordable way if the pound plummets against the euro. So I think that it won't be a good thing initially for the wine consumer because the prices of these small artisan wines will go up."

30. Woman at table with wine

31. SOUNDBITE (English) Tom Harrow, wine director of Honest Grapes:

"All the English wine makers that I speak to say we are half a degree away from being a perfect climate for sparkling wines at least - and even the whites, and to an extent the reds are really coming up. So I have to say it - sorry Al Gore - global warming is a good thing for the UK sparkling wine trade."

32. Various of English rose and white sparkling wines

33. Vermouth being poured into a glass

34. Various of "Regal Rogue" Vermouth bottle

35. Tilt up of Mark Ward, founder of Regal Rogue vermouth, and his produce

36. SOUNDBITE (English) Mark Ward, founder of Regal Rogue vermouth:

"It seemed like a really obvious thing to do, marrying the herbs and spices with this abundance of Australian wine to create a New World style of vermouth. And you know the tradition of vermouth is really led by the European markets. You know, Italian, French, now Spanish - but now there are vermouths coming out of America, the UK, Germany and obviously Australia. So pretty much anywhere where you find wine now, you will find a vermouth of some sort."

37. Crowd of London Wine Week attendees at the Vermouth Bar

38. Mid of vermouth cocktails being made

39. Focus pull of sign reading (English) "Drink Up"

LENGTH: 6:02

LEAD IN:

UK wine industry experts are eyeing the upcoming vote on whether to leave the European Union with mixed feelings.

With producers and suppliers heavily reliant on pan-European trade, many remain unsure how Brexit will impact upon business.

STORY-LINE:

Sparkling wine on a summer's day in the English capital.

Glistening flutes and bottles in abundance, and a crowd of happy lunchtime drinkers add to the atmosphere of excitement and discovery, along with an impromptu game of ping pong.

It must be London Wine Week.

This is the third year of the festival, and this year is the most popular to date.

Festival director Emma Murphy says "It's the largest self-guided wine tasting that there is across London. It's kind of the only event of its kind that we have over here. So we work with 125 bars, restaurants, independent merchants who all get involved" .

But although these flutes of fizz are English sparkling wine, much of the wine the festival goers here are tasting is from EU member states such as France, Spain, Portugal, Italy and Germany.

The June 23 referendum on whether to quit the European Union is fast approaching. So is this something the industry should fear?

"I wouldn't have said so," says Murphy.

"Wine trade has been going for long enough, even long before the euro, so I wouldn't have thought that would make much difference to be honest with you. Hopefully not anyway."

At the festival hub on London's Devonshire Square, there are pop-up bars featuring wines from across Europe.

These two young graduate trainees are enjoying wines from Portugal, and with their festival wristband, it costs them just five British Pounds for a flight of three.

Oscar Stenbom and Anna Rogers both agree that things may well be different if Britain leaves the union.

"If it's more expensive for them to send the wine here, if there's more tariffs, then yeah I guess it would be," says Anna, while Oscar is concerned about regulation and labelling:

"It would also be more difficult to know what you are drinking because there won't be as many restrictions on labelling the wine based on where it's actually from and the grape it's actually come from."

The New Street wine shop has been taken over by the wine festival. They sell wines from all over the world but today they are holding a tasting featuring wines from Ribera del Duero in northern Spain.

Most wine drinkers know about the region of Rioja, but Bettina Lemm is informing these festival goers about the region she represents.

"I think they (wines of Ribera del Duero) are still an emerging market, especially in the UK. The UK is an important market for Ribera del Duero, it's the seventh-largest export market for Ribera del Duero but I think that we're still establishing ourselves."

But if the UK is an important export market, is Brexit going to throw the proverbial spanner into the works? Lemm doesn't seem too worried "I think at the moment we're pretty confident as we've seen year to year that exports have grown. I think that's going to continue and I don't think it's a worry that we have at the moment," she says.

Wine used to have a rather old fashioned reputation and a comparatively elderly demographic, but this has changed enormously in recent years.

The prevalence of wine clubs popping up in the UK is an indicator of wine's increasing popularity.

Tom Harrow of Honest Grapes explains why this is "I think this is because people want to engage more with what's in the bottle. It's not just liquid, they want to know the stories behind it, they want to meet the people involved. And there's the sociable aspect, you know wine is fundamentally something which we do with other people," he says.

With 125 venues across the metropolis taking part in this festival, there's plenty of opportunity to enjoy it with friends.

But with such enthusiasm for wine spreading across the country, June 23 could bring disruption, according to Harrow "It's fair to say that we're a bit concerned about the possibilities of Brexit, I think the rising price of the euro against the pound will have a serious effect on quality wine. At the moment more than 60 percent of wine that comes into the UK is shipped in massive great tankers and bottled over here and that's not something we get involved with. But that becomes the only affordable way if the pound plummets against the euro. So I think that it won't be a good thing initially for the wine consumer because the prices of these small artisan wines will go up" .

However, the future might be bright in other, unexpected ways.

"All the English wine makers that I speak to say we are half a degree away from being a perfect climate for sparkling wines at least," says Harrow, and with apologies to climate change icon Al Gore, he adds that "global warming is a good thing for the UK sparkling wine trade."

Reports by the WSTA (Wine and Spirit Trade Association) suggest there is still some way to go as the UK comes in at number six on the list of sales of sparkling wine by origin - but it's rising year on year.

600 million bottles of wine are bottled in the UK.

This makes the UK wine market the sixth largest in the world, generating 173 billion British pounds of economic activity, according to the WSTA. 10 billion British pounds are made through sales.

Also being showcased here is one of the new kids on the alcohol block, Regal Rogue Vermouth.

According to brand founder Mark Ward, vermouth, by definition, is 75 percent wine. It must have wormwood and it must have an ABV (alcohol by volume) of 15 to 24 percent. These three things have to be in place for a producer to put vermouth on the bottle or it flouts recent EU regulations.

Ward, who was brought up in hospitality, began the project in Australia where he worked closely with top Australian chefs who introduced him to indigenous herbs and spices.

"It seemed like a really obvious thing to do, marrying the herbs and spices with this abundance of Australian wine to create a New World style of vermouth. And you know the tradition of vermouth is really led by the European markets. You know, Italian, French, now Spanish - but now there are vermouths coming out of America, the UK, Germany and obviously Australia. So pretty much anywhere where you find wine now, you will find a vermouth of some sort." he says.

Ward is attempting to educate the wine drinking market which, he believes, is mostly unaware of the fact that vermouth is fundamentally a wine.

This can only be helped by a new pop up for 2016, the Vermouth Bar.

The parent company of London Wine Week is the aptly named "Drink Up London", and they're already preparing for the 2017 event - Brexit or no Brexit.

LEAD IN:

UK wine industry experts are eyeing the upcoming vote on whether to leave the European Union with mixed feelings.

With producers and suppliers heavily reliant on pan-European trade, many remain unsure how Brexit will impact upon business.

STORY-LINE:

Sparkling wine on a summer's day in the English capital.

Glistening flutes and bottles in abundance, and a crowd of happy lunchtime drinkers add to the atmosphere of excitement and discovery, along with an impromptu game of ping pong.

It must be London Wine Week.

This is the third year of the festival, and this year is the most popular to date.

Festival director Emma Murphy says "It's the largest self-guided wine tasting that there is across London. It's kind of the only event of its kind that we have over here. So we work with 125 bars, restaurants, independent merchants who all get involved" .

But although these flutes of fizz are English sparkling wine, much of the wine the festival goers here are tasting is from EU member states such as France, Spain, Portugal, Italy and Germany.

The June 23 referendum on whether to quit the European Union is fast approaching. So is this something the industry should fear?

"I wouldn't have said so," says Murphy.

"Wine trade has been going for long enough, even long before the euro, so I wouldn't have thought that would make much difference to be honest with you. Hopefully not anyway."

At the festival hub on London's Devonshire Square, there are pop-up bars featuring wines from across Europe.

These two young graduate trainees are enjoying wines from Portugal, and with their festival wristband, it costs them just five British Pounds for a flight of three.

Oscar Stenbom and Anna Rogers both agree that things may well be different if Britain leaves the union.

"If it's more expensive for them to send the wine here, if there's more tariffs, then yeah I guess it would be," says Anna, while Oscar is concerned about regulation and labelling:

"It would also be more difficult to know what you are drinking because there won't be as many restrictions on labelling the wine based on where it's actually from and the grape it's actually come from."

The New Street wine shop has been taken over by the wine festival. They sell wines from all over the world but today they are holding a tasting featuring wines from Ribera del Duero in northern Spain.

Most wine drinkers know about the region of Rioja, but Bettina Lemm is informing these festival goers about the region she represents.

"I think they (wines of Ribera del Duero) are still an emerging market, especially in the UK. The UK is an important market for Ribera del Duero, it's the seventh-largest export market for Ribera del Duero but I think that we're still establishing ourselves."

But if the UK is an important export market, is Brexit going to throw the proverbial spanner into the works? Lemm doesn't seem too worried "I think at the moment we're pretty confident as we've seen year to year that exports have grown. I think that's going to continue and I don't think it's a worry that we have at the moment," she says.

Wine used to have a rather old fashioned reputation and a comparatively elderly demographic, but this has changed enormously in recent years.

The prevalence of wine clubs popping up in the UK is an indicator of wine's increasing popularity.

Tom Harrow of Honest Grapes explains why this is "I think this is because people want to engage more with what's in the bottle. It's not just liquid, they want to know the stories behind it, they want to meet the people involved. And there's the sociable aspect, you know wine is fundamentally something which we do with other people," he says.

With 125 venues across the metropolis taking part in this festival, there's plenty of opportunity to enjoy it with friends.

But with such enthusiasm for wine spreading across the country, June 23 could bring disruption, according to Harrow "It's fair to say that we're a bit concerned about the possibilities of Brexit, I think the rising price of the euro against the pound will have a serious effect on quality wine. At the moment more than 60 percent of wine that comes into the UK is shipped in massive great tankers and bottled over here and that's not something we get involved with. But that becomes the only affordable way if the pound plummets against the euro. So I think that it won't be a good thing initially for the wine consumer because the prices of these small artisan wines will go up" .

However, the future might be bright in other, unexpected ways.

"All the English wine makers that I speak to say we are half a degree away from being a perfect climate for sparkling wines at least," says Harrow, and with apologies to climate change icon Al Gore, he adds that "global warming is a good thing for the UK sparkling wine trade."

Reports by the WSTA (Wine and Spirit Trade Association) suggest there is still some way to go as the UK comes in at number six on the list of sales of sparkling wine by origin - but it's rising year on year.

600 million bottles of wine are bottled in the UK.

This makes the UK wine market the sixth largest in the world, generating 173 billion British pounds of economic activity, according to the WSTA. 10 billion British pounds are made through sales.

Also being showcased here is one of the new kids on the alcohol block, Regal Rogue Vermouth.

According to brand founder Mark Ward, vermouth, by definition, is 75 percent wine. It must have wormwood and it must have an ABV (alcohol by volume) of 15 to 24 percent. These three things have to be in place for a producer to put vermouth on the bottle or it flouts recent EU regulations.

Ward, who was brought up in hospitality, began the project in Australia where he worked closely with top Australian chefs who introduced him to indigenous herbs and spices.

"It seemed like a really obvious thing to do, marrying the herbs and spices with this abundance of Australian wine to create a New World style of vermouth. And you know the tradition of vermouth is really led by the European markets. You know, Italian, French, now Spanish - but now there are vermouths coming out of America, the UK, Germany and obviously Australia. So pretty much anywhere where you find wine now, you will find a vermouth of some sort." he says.

Ward is attempting to educate the wine drinking market which, he believes, is mostly unaware of the fact that vermouth is fundamentally a wine.

This can only be helped by a new pop up for 2016, the Vermouth Bar.

The parent company of London Wine Week is the aptly named "Drink Up London", and they're already preparing for the 2017 event - Brexit or no Brexit.

AP Television

London - 27 May 2016

1. Close of wine glasses

2. Bartender pouring sparkling wine

3. Tilt down on central courtyard at Devonshire Square, the hub for London Wine Week

4. Group of friends enjoying English sparkling wine

5. Men playing table tennis

6. Sign reading (English) "London Wine Week"

7. Set up shot of Emma Murphy, director of London Wine Week

8. SOUNDBITE (English) Emma Murphy, director of London Wine Week

"What's unique about it? It's the largest self-guided wine tasting that there is across London. It's kind of the only event of its kind that we have over here. So we work with 125 bars, restaurants, independent merchants who all get involved whether that's with offers, special menus or ticketed events across the week."

9. Two women with wine flight selection

10. SOUNDBITE (English) Emma Murphy, director of London Wine Week

(Responding to the question Do you think a Brexit will affect the wine industry negatively?)

"I wouldn't have said so, because I mean, I think, you know, wine trade has been going for long enough, even long before the euro, so I wouldn't have thought that would make much difference to be honest with you. Hopefully not anyway."

11. Sign reading (English) "Pop into our pop up wine bars"

12. Various of Portuguese wine pop up

13. Mid of graduate trainees in insurance Oscar Stenpom and Anna Rogers

14. Flight of Portuguese wines

15. SOUNDBITE (English) Oscar Stenbom and Anna Rogers, Insurance Graduate Trainees:

(Responding to question Do you think a Brexit will mean it will be more difficult for people to access quality wine?)

Stenbom: "Yes,"

Rogers: "I guess so, I mean if it's more expensive for them to send the wine here, if there's more tariffs, then yeah I guess it would be."

Stenbom: "It would also be more difficult to know what you're drinking, because there won't be as many restrictions on labelling the wine based on where it's actually from and the grape it's actually come from."

16. Pull focus of Spanish wine labels

17. Vintage bottles of fortified wine

18. Side view of Spanish wine bottles

19. Set up shot of Bettina Lemm with wines from Ribera del Duero in northern Spain

20. SOUNDBITE (English) Bettina Lemm, Westbury Communications (which represents the Ribera del Duero region in the UK):

"I think they (wines of Ribera del Duero) are still an emerging market, especially in the UK. The UK is an important market for Ribera del Duero, it's the seventh-largest export market for Ribera del Duero, but I think that we're still establishing ourselves. A lot of people know some big names from the region, and we're just trying to bring attention to some other grape producers who might not yet have the same recognition."

21. Close of wine labels

22. SOUNDBITE (English) Bettina Lemm, Westbury Communications (who represent the Ribera del Duero region in the UK):

(Responding to the question are you worried about the possibility of a Brexit affecting your export market?)

"I think at the moment we're pretty confident, as we've seen year to year that exports have grown. I think that's going to continue and I don't think it's a worry that we have at the moment."

23. Pan from mediaeval knight sculpture to pop up courtyard

24. Mid of Provence wines pop up

25. Establisher shot of Tom Harrow, wine director of Honest Grapes Wine Club

26. Close of Harrow eyeing the wine

27. SOUNDBITE (English) Tom Harrow, wine director of Honest Grapes:

"There's been a real rise in wine clubs in London and the UK generally of late, and I think this is because people want to engage more with what's in the bottle. It's not just liquid, they want to know the stories behind it, they want to meet the people involved. And there's the sociable aspect, you know wine is fundamentally something which we do with other people."

28. Mid of woman laughing over a glass of wine

29. SOUNDBITE (English) Tom Harrow, wine director of Honest Grapes:

"It's fair to say that we're a bit concerned about the possibilities of Brexit, I think the rising price of the euro against the pound will have a serious effect on quality wine. At the moment more than 60 percent of wine that comes into the UK is shipped in massive great tankers and then bottled over here and that's not something we get involved with. But that becomes the only affordable way if the pound plummets against the euro. So I think that it won't be a good thing initially for the wine consumer because the prices of these small artisan wines will go up."

30. Woman at table with wine

31. SOUNDBITE (English) Tom Harrow, wine director of Honest Grapes:

"All the English wine makers that I speak to say we are half a degree away from being a perfect climate for sparkling wines at least - and even the whites, and to an extent the reds are really coming up. So I have to say it - sorry Al Gore - global warming is a good thing for the UK sparkling wine trade."

32. Various of English rose and white sparkling wines

33. Vermouth being poured into a glass

34. Various of "Regal Rogue" Vermouth bottle

35. Tilt up of Mark Ward, founder of Regal Rogue vermouth, and his produce

36. SOUNDBITE (English) Mark Ward, founder of Regal Rogue vermouth:

"It seemed like a really obvious thing to do, marrying the herbs and spices with this abundance of Australian wine to create a New World style of vermouth. And you know the tradition of vermouth is really led by the European markets. You know, Italian, French, now Spanish - but now there are vermouths coming out of America, the UK, Germany and obviously Australia. So pretty much anywhere where you find wine now, you will find a vermouth of some sort."

37. Crowd of London Wine Week attendees at the Vermouth Bar

38. Mid of vermouth cocktails being made

39. Focus pull of sign reading (English) "Drink Up"

LENGTH: 6:02

Thousands of British expatriates have learned to love the pleasure the Portuguese sunshine and the easier lifestyle, but with the so called "Brexit" on the horizon, a cloud of uncertainty is taking shape in the Algarve's blue skies. What will happen if Britain votes to leave the European Union in a June referendum?

The UK and Portugal are both part of the 28 countries making up the bloc.

EU laws stipulate that the bloc's citizens have the same rights as those nationals in any other member nation.

The impending ballot has brought questions and concerns for the British expats about what might happen if they no longer belong to the EU.

Would the so-called 'Brexit' bring different rules for their property ownerships and taxation, as well as inheritance rights?

Will British expats still be entitled to local welfare benefits and free public health services?

Would they still be able to have automatic residence and work permits?

In Vilamoura, where many expatriates live in extensive condominiums, the Lawn Bowls green showcases one of Britain's most genteel sports.

The Vilamoura Lawn Bowls Club has around 40 members who play three-hour games, and there is enough interest in the sport from Britons living along Portugal's southern Algarve coastline to sustain eight lawn bowls clubs which now play in two leagues.

For John Hewitson, who retired out here with his wife 15 years ago and lives off his British old-age pension, the immediate worry is the exchange rate.

The British pound has weakened recently as markets fret over the referendum.

If sterling drops to parity with the shared euro currency, which Portugal uses, it "would be a disaster for pensioners," he says.

Campaigners who want the UK out of the EU say they are fed up with, among other things, immigrants having access to often overstretched British welfare benefits and public services.

The House of Commons library calculates there are around three (m) million EU migrants living in the UK.

Peter Booker, who retired with his schoolteacher wife to Tavira in the eastern Algarve 17 years ago after a three-decade career in the British coal industry, founded the Algarve History Association, which encourages expatriates to learn about Portugal.

Booker rejects the benefits argument, saying reciprocity is fair and right.

He said he benefits in Portugal ... and the Portuguese benefit in Britain. That, he said, is right and it should remain like that.

Sheila MacDonald a retired Scottish woman, lives in Tavira Garden, a condominium set around a large swimming pool, in the town of the same name, that is home to dozens of expatriates.

She came for the healthy climate and belongs to expat clubs that study books, music and archaeology.

She worries about welfare and "this whole business of 'no welfare for people who are emigrating into Great Britain," and asks about the "Brits who have emigrated into the EU."

Sixty-year-old Michael Wood says the Portuguese Health Service has been a good friend to him as well, with prices "next to nothing" when compared to Britain.

Wood does not consider returning anytime soon.

"Why? Why would I want to?" He says with a smile.

Britain's House of Commons library estimates there are roughly 1.2 (m) million British migrants living in other EU countries, especially France, Spain and Portugal.

Analysts reckon, however, the true number could be at least double that and maybe a lot more because many people don't bother registering with their embassies or local authorities.

Thousands of British expatriates have learned to love the pleasure the Portuguese sunshine and the easier lifestyle, but with the so called "Brexit" on the horizon, a cloud of uncertainty is taking shape in the Algarve's blue skies. What will happen if Britain votes to leave the European Union in a June referendum?

The UK and Portugal are both part of the 28 countries making up the bloc.

EU laws stipulate that the bloc's citizens have the same rights as those nationals in any other member nation.

The impending ballot has brought questions and concerns for the British expats about what might happen if they no longer belong to the EU.

Would the so-called 'Brexit' bring different rules for their property ownerships and taxation, as well as inheritance rights?

Will British expats still be entitled to local welfare benefits and free public health services?

Would they still be able to have automatic residence and work permits?

In Vilamoura, where many expatriates live in extensive condominiums, the Lawn Bowls green showcases one of Britain's most genteel sports.

The Vilamoura Lawn Bowls Club has around 40 members who play three-hour games, and there is enough interest in the sport from Britons living along Portugal's southern Algarve coastline to sustain eight lawn bowls clubs which now play in two leagues.

For John Hewitson, who retired out here with his wife 15 years ago and lives off his British old-age pension, the immediate worry is the exchange rate.

The British pound has weakened recently as markets fret over the referendum.

If sterling drops to parity with the shared euro currency, which Portugal uses, it "would be a disaster for pensioners," he says.

Campaigners who want the UK out of the EU say they are fed up with, among other things, immigrants having access to often overstretched British welfare benefits and public services.

The House of Commons library calculates there are around three (m) million EU migrants living in the UK.

Peter Booker, who retired with his schoolteacher wife to Tavira in the eastern Algarve 17 years ago after a three-decade career in the British coal industry, founded the Algarve History Association, which encourages expatriates to learn about Portugal.

Booker rejects the benefits argument, saying reciprocity is fair and right.

He said he benefits in Portugal ... and the Portuguese benefit in Britain. That, he said, is right and it should remain like that.

Sheila MacDonald a retired Scottish woman, lives in Tavira Garden, a condominium set around a large swimming pool, in the town of the same name, that is home to dozens of expatriates.

She came for the healthy climate and belongs to expat clubs that study books, music and archaeology.

She worries about welfare and "this whole business of 'no welfare for people who are emigrating into Great Britain," and asks about the "Brits who have emigrated into the EU."

Sixty-year-old Michael Wood says the Portuguese Health Service has been a good friend to him as well, with prices "next to nothing" when compared to Britain.

Wood does not consider returning anytime soon.

"Why? Why would I want to?" He says with a smile.

Britain's House of Commons library estimates there are roughly 1.2 (m) million British migrants living in other EU countries, especially France, Spain and Portugal.

Analysts reckon, however, the true number could be at least double that and maybe a lot more because many people don't bother registering with their embassies or local authorities.

Vilamoura - 1 March 2016

1. Pensioners playing a game of bowls known as 'woods' at the lawn bowls green of Vilamoura

2. Players and score board marker

3. Set up shot for pensioner John Hewitson

4. SOUNDBITE (English) John Hewitson, 73-year-old pensioner:

"All pensions are paid into the UK and it comes out here in Euros. We went through a good patch and then we come through a bad patch. I think if UK did come out of the Eurozone (referring to the European Union) I think it would mean that the pound is fluctuating again quite a lot before it stabilises and it could stabilise the wrong way and go nearer the one to one, I suppose, which would be a disaster for the pensioners."

5. Wide of lawn bowls green

Albufeira - 1 March 2016

6. Pan from ocean to beach

7. Various of restaurants in downtown Albufeira

8. Sign reading "English Breakfast"

9. Set up shot for pensioner Michael Wood pulling a pint

10. Close of pint of beer

11. SOUNDBITE (English) Michael Wood, 60-year-old pensioner and pub owner:

"I go to see the doctor and it costs me five Euros. I go to the Emergency and it costs me 15 Euros. I don't mind paying five Euros or 15 Euros because you know you're going to get seen straight away, within half-an-hour or maybe within an hour. You're not sitting there for eight or nine hours and if it is an emergency you're straight in anyway. And of course the cost of prescriptions - next to nothing, really."

12. Close of logo on Wood's shirt

13. SOUNDBITE (English) Michael Wood, 60-year-old pensioner and pub owner:

"People say, 'would you ever go back to England?' I say, 'Why?' Why would I want to? I'm quite happy here."

Tavira - 2 March 2016

14. Sign of Tavira Garden, residential and holiday complex

15. Mid of swimming pool

16. Set up shot for pensioner Sheila MacDonald

17. SOUNDBITE (English) Sheila MacDonald, 79-year-old Pensioner:

"We're concerned about GP services here. Are we going to be entitled to it? In theory, if they are going to prevent this whole business of 'no welfare for people who are emigrating into Great Britain', then what about the Brits who have emigrated into the EU?"

Olhao - 2 March 2016

18. Various of Olhao dock

19. Set up shot for pensioner Peter Booker

20. SOUNDBITE (English) Peter Booker, pensioner and founder of Algarve History Association:

"The agreements with the European Union mean free movement of labour and people within the Union. I don't see what's wrong with that happening. I benefit here in Portugal, Portuguese benefit in Britain and I think that that is right, it should remain like that and I don't see any justification for altering those rules."

21. Various of news stand with British papers

Albufeira - 1 March 2016

22. Various of Albufeira beach

The Lithuanian National Anthem resonated loudly in the square in front of Peterborough's majestic gothic cathedral. About 100 Lithuanians assembled to celebrate the Baltic country's national holiday.

For the third largest immigrant community in the town the joyous event was over shadowed by fears for their future living in a nation that recently voted to leave the European Union.

"They see this country like their home. For them, for their kids, for their future," said Judita Gru who volunteers in the community organizing events and publishing a Lithuanian-language magazine.

More than 30,000 migrants have moved to Peterborough since the turn of the century, and foreign influence is noticeable in multi-ethnic Millfield, where some supermarkets are stocked with Polish sausages, Indian spices, Chinese vegetables and other imported goods.

While the city has long been home to Pakistani, Afro-Caribbean and Italian minorities, it was the surge in migrants from EU members Poland, Lithuania and Slovakia and more recently Romania and Bulgaria that pushed many residents to vote "leave" in the 23 June referendum. Sixty-one percent of Peterborough's electorate wanted out, compared to 52 percent in all of Britain.

For many people who voted Britain out of the European Union, Peterborough is a warning: streets taken over by foreign languages, customs and religions; British identity eroded with each pub converted into a shawarma shop or ethnic food store.

'Bram' runs the last English pub in the area and he remembers of the names of each one that closed in the past decade. He laments that newcomers don't mix into the community.

Today, the landlord has put the building up for sale and he fears the new owners have no intention of keeping the business running.

'Leave' voters strongly rejected the idea that their concerns over immigration were racially motivated. Their resentment focused mainly on the number of new people moving into city, the apparent segregation of communities, and the lack of proper integration.

"Where I used to work, I was the only person who spoke English," said Mick Bullock, 53, who says he took early retirement to escape the loneliness of having no one to chat with a coffee or lunch break.

While immigration was a major factor pushing many to vote 'leave,' most people acknowledge the hard work done by Eastern European immigrants, often filling jobs British citizens shy away from.

"All the workers who work they are Latvian, Polish, Russian, Czech republic," said Antra Jansone, 43-year-old Lithuanian working as an interpreter for the British National Health Service.

One of the workers is Viktor Savicius who's lived in Peterborough for 10 years. His day started at 5 a.m. with a 45 minute drive to a factory where he spray-paints trailers 10-hours a day, four or five days a week. Right now he's also working Saturdays spray painting a bridge to earn some extra money for his family of six.

"They were shouting on every corner 'You come to us, we need you, you'll get plenty of work," Savicius remembers. "Now it's very different."

Attitudes toward migrants have hardened since, but he said he understands why.

"If you look at a map of Great Britain, it's not that big a country," he said. "It may be a great country, but not a big country."

Savicius himself is no fan of the European Union and originally voted against Lithuania joining.

A former lumberjack in Lithuania, he says his company collapsed when Lithuania joined the European Union and new regulations capped his production, so he understands Britain's desire for independence.

British tabloids a few years ago sent alarming dispatches from the city about hordes of migrants queuing at the city's welfare offices to claim benefits.

Yet even the coordinator of the local "vote leave" campaign, said reports of welfare abuse were exaggerated and noted that some British people abuse the system, too.

"The actual reality is people do come here and they work hard. That's never been the issue," said Jay Beecher, the deputy leader of the nationalist UK Independence Party's branch in Peterborough.

"The problem we are seeing now is not anything to do with the quality of the people, it's the quantity of people coming here."

The Lithuanian National Anthem resonated loudly in the square in front of Peterborough's majestic gothic cathedral. About 100 Lithuanians assembled to celebrate the Baltic country's national holiday.

For the third largest immigrant community in the town the joyous event was over shadowed by fears for their future living in a nation that recently voted to leave the European Union.

"They see this country like their home. For them, for their kids, for their future," said Judita Gru who volunteers in the community organizing events and publishing a Lithuanian-language magazine.

More than 30,000 migrants have moved to Peterborough since the turn of the century, and foreign influence is noticeable in multi-ethnic Millfield, where some supermarkets are stocked with Polish sausages, Indian spices, Chinese vegetables and other imported goods.

While the city has long been home to Pakistani, Afro-Caribbean and Italian minorities, it was the surge in migrants from EU members Poland, Lithuania and Slovakia and more recently Romania and Bulgaria that pushed many residents to vote "leave" in the 23 June referendum. Sixty-one percent of Peterborough's electorate wanted out, compared to 52 percent in all of Britain.

For many people who voted Britain out of the European Union, Peterborough is a warning: streets taken over by foreign languages, customs and religions; British identity eroded with each pub converted into a shawarma shop or ethnic food store.

'Bram' runs the last English pub in the area and he remembers of the names of each one that closed in the past decade. He laments that newcomers don't mix into the community.

Today, the landlord has put the building up for sale and he fears the new owners have no intention of keeping the business running.

'Leave' voters strongly rejected the idea that their concerns over immigration were racially motivated. Their resentment focused mainly on the number of new people moving into city, the apparent segregation of communities, and the lack of proper integration.

"Where I used to work, I was the only person who spoke English," said Mick Bullock, 53, who says he took early retirement to escape the loneliness of having no one to chat with a coffee or lunch break.

While immigration was a major factor pushing many to vote 'leave,' most people acknowledge the hard work done by Eastern European immigrants, often filling jobs British citizens shy away from.

"All the workers who work they are Latvian, Polish, Russian, Czech republic," said Antra Jansone, 43-year-old Lithuanian working as an interpreter for the British National Health Service.

One of the workers is Viktor Savicius who's lived in Peterborough for 10 years. His day started at 5 a.m. with a 45 minute drive to a factory where he spray-paints trailers 10-hours a day, four or five days a week. Right now he's also working Saturdays spray painting a bridge to earn some extra money for his family of six.

"They were shouting on every corner 'You come to us, we need you, you'll get plenty of work," Savicius remembers. "Now it's very different."

Attitudes toward migrants have hardened since, but he said he understands why.

"If you look at a map of Great Britain, it's not that big a country," he said. "It may be a great country, but not a big country."

Savicius himself is no fan of the European Union and originally voted against Lithuania joining.

A former lumberjack in Lithuania, he says his company collapsed when Lithuania joined the European Union and new regulations capped his production, so he understands Britain's desire for independence.

British tabloids a few years ago sent alarming dispatches from the city about hordes of migrants queuing at the city's welfare offices to claim benefits.

Yet even the coordinator of the local "vote leave" campaign, said reports of welfare abuse were exaggerated and noted that some British people abuse the system, too.

"The actual reality is people do come here and they work hard. That's never been the issue," said Jay Beecher, the deputy leader of the nationalist UK Independence Party's branch in Peterborough.

"The problem we are seeing now is not anything to do with the quality of the people, it's the quantity of people coming here."

Peterborough - 6 July 2016

1. Various of the Peterborough Lithuanian community singing national anthem

2. SOUNDBITE (English) Judita Gru, Lithuanian community leader:

"They see this country like their home. For them, for their kids, for their future, so there are worries about this (means: outcome of the referendum): how it will be in the future because for now there is big uncertainty."

3. Various of Lincoln Road

Peterborough - 5 July 2016

4. Exterior of 'The Hand & Heart' pub

5. Interiors of 'The Hand & Heart' pub

6. Pub manager pouring pint of beer

7. SOUNDBITE (English) Brammer, no first name given and known as 'Bram', pub manager:

"To have a multicultural organisation or a multicultural society, it's a gentle trickle, isn't it, surely? A gentle trickle, people coming in, getting to know each other and learning to work with each other and fine. But to 'whoom' all of a sudden to swamp a particular area with a lot of people from a particular culture that is alien to the people who already live there, it causes friction."

8. Cutaway of patrons

9. Bram drinking

10. SOUNDBITE (English) Brammer, no first name given and known as 'Bram', pub manager:

"Virtually everybody on the street got on. There was never any trouble. There was predominantly a lot of English people, a lot of them elderly, there was a West Indian doctor across the road who was very friendly, there was a Pakistani family who lived next to me who were very, very friendly. One or two Polish people in the street, but it was a very good mix and it was very, very very, very friendly. And everybody drank in the pub."

11. Exterior pub

12. 'For Sale' sign on the pub

13. Various of the Peterborough market

14. SOUNDBITE (English) Bruce Johnson, 67-year-old market seller:

"I don't think it has anything to do with racism. The people that are here now, I'm quite happy with them stopping (means: staying) but as long as they mix in and work, and don't come here for just the benefits of living in England, which I think a lot of them have done."

15. Various cutaways of market

16. SOUNDBITE (English) Mick Bullock, 67-year-old retiree:

"Where I used to work, I was the only person around me who spoke any English. All the rest of them spoke either Lithuanian or Polish. So I had no one to talk to at work."

17. Various cutaways of market

18. SOUNDBITE (English) Antra Jansone, 43-year-old National Health Service interpreter from Lithuania:

"All the factories around Peterborough, all the workers who work they are Latvian, Polish, Russian, Czech Republic, all those people they are foreign people who does all the hard jobs in factories and the fields, and also in those conditions where I don't think English people would work."

Peterborough - 6 July 2016

19. Various of Viktor Savicius leaving his house for work at 5:00 am

20. Various of Viktor driving

21. SOUNDBITE (English) Viktor Savicius, 44-year-old industrial painter:

"England and all the United Kingdom and Northern Ireland they said 'Oh, you can come straight away and work for us' but they needed (us) then. They were shouting on every corner 'You come to us, we need you, you'll get plenty of work.' Yes, it was like that at that time, now it's very different."

22. Cutaway

23. SOUNDBITE (English) Viktor Savicius, 44-year-old industrial painter:

"And now it's so many of Eastern Europeans in here. If you look at a map of Great Britain, it's not that big a country. It may be a great country, but not a big country. So they simply run out of where (means: space). They can't take everybody, there are limits and they are just about to exceed them."

24. Various of Viktor walking into his workplace

Peterborough - 5 July 2016

25. Various of central square in Peterborough

26. Close-up British flag

27. SOUNDBITE (English) Jay Beecher, 'Vote Leave' campaign coordinator for Peterborough and deputy chairman of the nationalist UK Independence Party's branch in Peterborough:

"The actual reality is people do come here and they work hard. That's never been the issue. The problem is a lack of integration that we are starting to see. In Peterborough, you originally had the Italians that moved here because they went over and moved (worked) in the brick pits - we were short on labour. They came in smaller numbers, they integrated, and as a result of that, we have Italian communities but they are English-speaking and they have introduced bits of their culture to us as well. So we absorbed that really nicely. The same with the Pakistani community who came to Peterborough and established here. They did exactly the same: came in smaller numbers and integrated really well into our society and have made massive contributions. The problem that we are seeing at the moment is not anything to do with the quality of people coming here, it's the quantity of people coming here."

28. Cutaway

29. SOUNDBITE (English) Jay Beecher, 'Vote Leave' campaign coordinator for Peterborough and deputy chairman of the nationalist UK Independence Party's branch in Peterborough

"We normally see areas in Peterborough where for instance Polish people will live on a few streets in a certain area, Romanians in another because it's familiar to them. They know they can come to England and they can move to an area that is Polish speaking. It's similar to when the Brits (means: British) move over to Spain. Stereotypically, English people tend to move to an English speaking resort or area. So you cannot blame the immigrant for coming here and for not integrating - we need to promote better integration. But the only way we are ever going to do that is by controlling immigration and reducing the volume."

30. Various of the Peterborough Lithuanian community singing traditional song

With marching bands and all groups of society out in strength, Norway celebrates Constitution Day, taking pride in its sovereignty.

The small Scandinavian country's independence was hard won, having been ruled by Denmark for more than 400 years, and then by Sweden for nearly another century.

For some people, the experience of having been ruled from afar can explain Norway's reluctance to embrace the European Union project.

"We are on the edge of Europe and we know what it means to be governed from abroad," says Hans Petter Bergseth who is marching with friends from his skiing club. "I think it's deep in our soul that we want to be independent."

But whilst Norway has twice rejected EU membership in referendums in 1972 and 1994, the nation relies on a close relationship with Brussels. Seventy to 80 percent of all Norwegian exports go to the EU markets and cooperation is viewed as essential in the areas of education, research and many more.

Access to the EU's single market comes at a price.

Norway has signed up the European Economic Area (EEA) agreement, and therefore had to implement more than three quarters of all EU laws with no formal influence on how they are drafted.

More importantly, Norway has had to agree to four EU-style freedoms: free movement of goods, services, people and capital.

Today, Norway has more EU migrants per person than Britain. More than 300,000 EU nationals live here, mostly people from Poland and Sweden attracted by the prospects of high-paid jobs and a generous welfare state.

For many companies, this influx of foreign workers has been beneficial. In the small fishing village of Skjervoy several hours north of Tromso, a salmon processing plant has become dependent on foreign workers.

"We don't have enough Norwegian workers who want to work in the fish industry," explains plant manager Tore Pedersen.

Many of these foreign workers are from Romania, like Christian, who arrived nearly four years ago after growing tired of poorly paid jobs in Italy.

"I'm travelling with a Romanian passport, I've had no problem," he explains.

This factory processes 365 tons of fish per day: salmon fillets and whole fish destined for restaurants and dining tables across Europe. It's the main employer in the village, and managers say the business would not be able to grow without foreign workers willing to work the assembly lines.

Here, most workers are unionised and Pedersen says foreign workers are paid the same as Norwegians. Something the unions dispute.

Across the fishing industry, construction industry, hotel and restaurants, they report cases of employers using foreign workers that are not unionized and therefore don't benefit from the collective bargaining agreements that guarantee a minimum wage and regulated working conditions.

"If they don't know the system, they work up to 12 hours," complains union leader Gunn Paulsen, who was picketing a hotel during a four-week long strike across the Norwegian hotel industry calling for better pay. "They ruin it for the next (person) who's coming in, the Norwegians coming in who know the regulations."

Whilst many large hotel groups are unionized, smaller or independent ones without a protection are free to pay their staff whatever they wish. "However low they get in Norway they get higher than in other countries," said Paulsen.

For Professor Bjorn Hersoug from the Arctic University of Tromso, companies that seek to get around ordinary labour conditions by outsourcing the hiring for foreign workers represent a threat to the Norwegian model that balances free markets with a strong social welfare state.

"There is a fear of labour dumping," says Hersoug. "In some instances, it looks like they have working conditions that are considerably worse than agreed through the ordinary agreements for minimum wages for example."

But despite the challenges brought by the EEA agreement, cooperation with the EU and access to the single market remains essential for Norway.

"The EEA agreement is something I would call a corner stone in the Norwegian economy," says Elisabeth Aspaker, the Norwegian Minister of the EEA and EU Affairs.

"We have to face the reality that the EU is our most important market," she says. "We do need cooperation when it comes to research, education, and in many other aspects."

With marching bands and all groups of society out in strength, Norway celebrates Constitution Day, taking pride in its sovereignty.

The small Scandinavian country's independence was hard won, having been ruled by Denmark for more than 400 years, and then by Sweden for nearly another century.

For some people, the experience of having been ruled from afar can explain Norway's reluctance to embrace the European Union project.

"We are on the edge of Europe and we know what it means to be governed from abroad," says Hans Petter Bergseth who is marching with friends from his skiing club. "I think it's deep in our soul that we want to be independent."

But whilst Norway has twice rejected EU membership in referendums in 1972 and 1994, the nation relies on a close relationship with Brussels. Seventy to 80 percent of all Norwegian exports go to the EU markets and cooperation is viewed as essential in the areas of education, research and many more.

Access to the EU's single market comes at a price.

Norway has signed up the European Economic Area (EEA) agreement, and therefore had to implement more than three quarters of all EU laws with no formal influence on how they are drafted.

More importantly, Norway has had to agree to four EU-style freedoms: free movement of goods, services, people and capital.

Today, Norway has more EU migrants per person than Britain. More than 300,000 EU nationals live here, mostly people from Poland and Sweden attracted by the prospects of high-paid jobs and a generous welfare state.

For many companies, this influx of foreign workers has been beneficial. In the small fishing village of Skjervoy several hours north of Tromso, a salmon processing plant has become dependent on foreign workers.

"We don't have enough Norwegian workers who want to work in the fish industry," explains plant manager Tore Pedersen.

Many of these foreign workers are from Romania, like Christian, who arrived nearly four years ago after growing tired of poorly paid jobs in Italy.

"I'm travelling with a Romanian passport, I've had no problem," he explains.

This factory processes 365 tons of fish per day: salmon fillets and whole fish destined for restaurants and dining tables across Europe. It's the main employer in the village, and managers say the business would not be able to grow without foreign workers willing to work the assembly lines.

Here, most workers are unionised and Pedersen says foreign workers are paid the same as Norwegians. Something the unions dispute.

Across the fishing industry, construction industry, hotel and restaurants, they report cases of employers using foreign workers that are not unionized and therefore don't benefit from the collective bargaining agreements that guarantee a minimum wage and regulated working conditions.

"If they don't know the system, they work up to 12 hours," complains union leader Gunn Paulsen, who was picketing a hotel during a four-week long strike across the Norwegian hotel industry calling for better pay. "They ruin it for the next (person) who's coming in, the Norwegians coming in who know the regulations."

Whilst many large hotel groups are unionized, smaller or independent ones without a protection are free to pay their staff whatever they wish. "However low they get in Norway they get higher than in other countries," said Paulsen.

For Professor Bjorn Hersoug from the Arctic University of Tromso, companies that seek to get around ordinary labour conditions by outsourcing the hiring for foreign workers represent a threat to the Norwegian model that balances free markets with a strong social welfare state.

"There is a fear of labour dumping," says Hersoug. "In some instances, it looks like they have working conditions that are considerably worse than agreed through the ordinary agreements for minimum wages for example."

But despite the challenges brought by the EEA agreement, cooperation with the EU and access to the single market remains essential for Norway.

"The EEA agreement is something I would call a corner stone in the Norwegian economy," says Elisabeth Aspaker, the Norwegian Minister of the EEA and EU Affairs.

"We have to face the reality that the EU is our most important market," she says. "We do need cooperation when it comes to research, education, and in many other aspects."

AP TELEVISION

Tromso - 17 May 2016

1. Various of Constitution Day parade

2. SOUNDBITE (English) Hans Petter Bergseth, 53-year-old medical adviser:

"Well, it's a young nation. Quite a proud nation. We are on the edge of Europe and we know what it means to be governed from abroad or we know what it means to be governed by larger countries. So I think it's deep in our soul that we want to be independent pretty much yes."

3. Various of Constitution Day parade

AP TELEVISION

Skjervoy - 18 May 2016

4. Various of Skjervoy harbour

5. Various exteriors of salmon processing plant

6. SOUNDBITE (English) Tore Pedersen, Fish processing plant manager:

"We have 180 people working here at Skjervoy and 60 percent of the workers are from other countries. It's a fact that we don't have enough Norwegian workers who want to work in the fish industry, so we need people from other countries to come and work at Skjervoy."

7. Christian in front of the processing plant

8. SOUNDBITE (English) Christian, No last Name given, factory worker from Romania:

"My name is Christian and I come from Romania. I've been here for four years - almost four years. I'm travelling with a Romanian passport, I've don't have any problems with travel. We don't need a visa or something like that - it's very easy to come here from Romania. It's a nice country to come to."

9. Various of filleting assembly line

10. Various of salmon packaging line

11. Various of salmon slaughter room

AP TELEVISION

Tromso - 17 May, 2016

12. Various of Tromso seen from onboard a boat in the fjord

AP TELEVISION

Tromso - 20 May, 2016

13. Various of local hotel staff on strike

14. SOUNDBITE (English) Gunn Paulsen, Union Leader:

"Before the oil strikes (meaning the fall in oil prices) it has been good for Norway because you had to have people working here, but then it started what we call in Norway the 'Monkey business' - that they started to pay lower to the people from other places, because they accept it, because however low they get in Norway they get higher than in other countries. So this is the bad thing."

15. Cutaway

16. SOUNDBITE (English) Gunn Paulsen, Union Leader:

"If they don't know the system, they work up to 12 hours. It's not nice because they ruin it for the next (person) who's coming in, the Norwegians coming in who know the regulations - but you can't say anything to the others working like this, because it's okay, they've always been doing this."

AP TELEVISION

Tromso - 19 May, 2016

17. Various of Tromso harbour

18. Professor Bjorn Hersoug walking along harbour seafront

19. SOUNDBITE (English) Prof. Bjorn Hersoug, Arctic University of Tromso:

"You know, seen from the Norwegian point of view, if you can get around the ordinary salary conditions, the labour conditions by hiring a company from, for example, from Poland, and you make a deal with this Polish company where they provide you with the labour which is unorganised (non-unionized) then you are getting around the rules. You can legally pay them less, but that kind of undermines the whole Norwegian model in the longer run."

20. Cutaway

21. SOUNDBITE (English) Prof. Bjorn Hersoug, Arctic University of Tromso

"We see that we have a number of people coming from the European Union countries and in some instances it looks like they have working conditions that are considerably worse than agreed through the ordinary Norwegian agreements for minimum wages for example. So there is kind of a fear of labour dumping."

AP TELEVISION

Tromso, Norway - 17 MAY 2016

22. Various of Tromso seen from onboard a boat in the fjord

AP TELEVISION

Brussels, Belgium - 25 MAY 2016

23. Various of EU flags

24. SOUNDBITE (English) Elisabeth Aspaker, Minister of the EEA and EU Affairs:

"I think Norway is in a very special situation. We have this huge fortune in our oil, we have developed a solid welfare state and people think 'we can do by ourselves' or 'we can go on alone.' But in another way, we have to face the reality that the EU is our most important market, up to 70 or 80 percent of all the exported goods from Norway go to the EU market, and we do need cooperation when it comes to research, education, and in many other aspects. These days it's about migration, it's about security policy. So the EEA agreement is something I would call a corner stone in the Norwegian economy and if you go to the Parliament today, they will be a solid majority for the agreement although we are not a member of the EU."

32. Various of Norway House in Brussels

LEAD IN:

With Brexit looming, fears are growing that border controls between Northern Ireland and the Irish Republic could become a reality.  

If that happens among the worst affected industries in the border areas will be tourism which relies heavily on ease of travel between the two jurisdictions.   

STORY-LINE:

Just four kilometres (2.5 miles) south of the border with Northern Ireland, Belturbet in Co. Cavan in the Irish Republic is on the front line of the Brexit crisis.  

Tourism, in particular fishing and boat cruising, is the town's biggest industry, drawing in visitors from Europe and from all around Ireland both north and south.

During the Troubles, tourism in Belturbet was in decline, but since the 1998 Good Friday Agreement which ended the conflict, things have been looking up.  

Investment in tourism infrastructure rose - including the construction of a new marina - drawing in visitors keen to explore the region known for its scenic lakes and rivers.  

But with Brexit looming locals are worried that the tourism industry could be badly affected.  

Cruising company ABC Boats has a base at Belturbet and another one over the border at Aghinver in County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland.

Just outside Belturbet, the Erne River marks the border itself, with one river bank in Northern Ireland and the other in the Republic of Ireland, illustrating the complexity of the issue which has stalled Brexit.

ABC's Sean Greenan, who manages the Belturbet Marina, says he's worried that European visitors in particular will stay away if Brexit results in new border controls.

"Our…majority of our customers come from…from Europe. So you have, you have German, eh Austrian, Switzerland, you know that's…that's ninety percent of our customers em, what way are they going to react? This is what we need to ask ourselves. What way are they going to react looking at coming to Ireland after Brexit?"  

The removal of the militarised border in 1998 increased cross border trade and fuelled economic growth which has benefited people both north and south.

The Senator George Mitchell Peace Bridge marking the border just outside the town has become a potent symbol of north/south co-operation.

Opened in 1999 as a replacement for another bridge which was blown up during the Troubles, today cars and trucks travel across the border without hindrance.

The only way to tell that you have crossed the border is road markings which change on the bridge from white in Northern Ireland to yellow in the Republic of Ireland.

If a new border is constructed this marks the spot where locals fear security infrastructure will reappear stifling cross border co-operation.   

35 kilometres up river from Belturbet is Enniskillen in Co. Fermanagh, Northern Ireland,  which is also heavily reliant on tourism.   

Most visitors to Enniskillen travel up from the Republic of Ireland and locals are concerned that that could be jeopardised by Brexit.

Terry McCartney is the Managing Director of the Belmore Court & Motel, one of the largest hotels in the town.

"People flying into Ireland mostly fly into Dublin. Eh once they get into Dublin if they want to come north they have to hire a car. Will there be a border? Will there not be a border? Will they be able to bring their car across the border? Will they need a visa to come across the border? So those are all issues in terms of guests and residents em. But on top of that then we also have the issue of workers em. We have a number of jobs which are filled mainly by people who work…or who come from outside the UK and Ireland. After Brexit will those people be able to stay? Will be be able to get additional people to do those important jobs in in the accommodation sector? So em those are big issues for us and definitely very uncertain."

Back on the River Erne linking Belturbet and Enniskillen, life continues on at its leisurely pace, at least for now.

It's the years of uncertainty surrounding Brexit that have been the the biggest problem facing businesses like ABC Boats, says manager Sean Greenan.

"What we need as a company here, and what our clients need - knowledge. We need to know what's going to happen next year. We're going to want to need to know what's going to happen the following year. And at the end of the day we've got to deal with whatever that is. But we've got to know. You can't deal with anything until you know about it."

Protecting the many gains made under the Good Friday Agreement and avoiding the return of a hard border are the most important things going forward, says Brendan Fey a local politician and pub owner.

"I believed that we were going to be an economic island - cross border, health, electricity, phones, everything. It has thrown everything up now, we have to get back to that. People talk about a united Ireland - I would just park that, that's not important just at the moment. The important thing is that we don't have borders anywhere on this island."   

The UK is due to leave the European Union on October 31st.  The British government is currently still trying to thrash out a deal with the European Union ahead or the EU summit on October 17-18.

ASSOCIATED PRESS

Belturbet, Co. Cavan, Ireland, October 9th 2019.

1. Wide aerial of town. ++MUTE++

2. Wide aerial of town and boats on river. ++MUTE++

3. Wide low-level aerial of boats on river. ++MUTE++

4. Close up zoom in of engraved plaque reading (English): "This project has been part financed by the EU special support programme for Peace and Reconciliation."  

5. Wide pan of passing cruise boat.

6. Wide tilt from water turbulence at back of boat to river.

7. Wide frontal view of cruise boat.

8. Close up of boat driver's face seen through windscreen.

9. SOUNDBITE (English) Sean Greenan, ABC Boats Marina Manager, The Marina Belturbet.

"Our…majority of our customers come from…from Europe. So you have, you have German, eh Austrian, Switzerland, you know that's…that's ninety percent of our customers em, what way are they going to react? This is what we need to ask ourselves. What way are they going to react looking at coming to Ireland after Brexit?"  

10. Wide of road with passing traffic.

11. Medium of sign: 'Reject Brexit - Hard Border, Job Losses, Food Shortages.'

12. Medium of sign: 'Hard Border? Soft Border? No Border !'

13. Wide of bridge with passing traffic.

14. Close up of engraved plaque: 'Senator George Mitchell Peace Bridge, Aghalane" - which sits on the border

15. Close up pan from white line on road to yellow line on road marking 'border' between Ireland and Northern Ireland

ASSOCIATED PRESS

Enniskillen, Co. Fermanagh, Northern Ireland - October 10th 2019.

16. Wide aerial of town. ++MUTE++

17. Wide of town main street with traffic.

18. Medium of pedestrians.

19. Wide of hotel and cars on road.

20. Close up of British flag.

21. Medium of sign: 'Belmore Court & Motel'.

22. Medium pan of man entering hotel reception.

23. SOUNDBITE (English) Terry McCartney, Managing Director, Belmore Court & Motel.  

"People flying into Ireland mostly fly into Dublin. Eh once they get into Dublin if they want to come north they have to hire a car. Will there be a border ? Will there not be a border? Will they be able to bring their car across the border? Will they need a visa to come across the border? So those are all issues in terms of guests and residents em. But on top of that then we also have the issue of workers em. We have a number of jobs which are filled mainly by people who work…or who come from outside the UK and Ireland. After Brexit will those people be able to stay? Will be be able to get additional people to do those important jobs in in the accommodation sector? So em those are big issues for us and definitely very uncertain."

24. Wide pan of cruise boats.

25. Medium of fisherman.

ASSOCIATED PRESS

Belturbet, Co. Cavan, Ireland, October 9th 2019.

26. Wide frontal view of cruise boat.

27. Medium of boat driver seen from below.

28. Close up of speedometer.

29. Close up pan of man's face.

30. SOUNDBITE (English) Sean Greenan, ABC Boats Marina Manager, The Marina Belturbet.

"What we need as a company here, and what our clients need - knowledge. We need to know what's going to happen next year. We're going to want to need to know what's going to happen the following year. And at the end of the day we've got to deal with whatever that is. But we've got to know. You can't deal with anything until you know about it."

31. Medium of Brendan Fey standing on riverbank jetty.

32. SOUNDBITE (English), Brendan Fey, Cavan Country Councillor and pub owner.     

"I believed that we were going to be an economic island - cross border, health, electricity, phones, everything. It has thrown everything up now, we have to get back to that. People talk about a united Ireland - I would just park that, that's not important just at the moment. The important thing is that we don't have borders anywhere on this island."   

ASSOCIATED PRESS

Archive  : Lough Erne, Enniskillen - 28 May 2013

33. Various of lake with cruise boats

34. Sunshine reflected on water

35. Cruiser on the water

36. Police speed boat on patrol

POOL

Archive : Lough Erne, Enniskillen, Co. Fermanagh, Northern Ireland - June 2013

37. Aerial tilt down of area around Lough Erne to Lough Erne Resort Hotel

LEAD IN:

With Brexit looming, fears are growing that border controls between Northern Ireland and the Irish Republic could become a reality.  

If that happens among the worst affected industries in the border areas will be tourism which relies heavily on ease of travel between the two jurisdictions.   

STORY-LINE:

Just four kilometres (2.5 miles) south of the border with Northern Ireland, Belturbet in Co. Cavan in the Irish Republic is on the front line of the Brexit crisis.  

Tourism, in particular fishing and boat cruising, is the town's biggest industry, drawing in visitors from Europe and from all around Ireland both north and south.

During the Troubles, tourism in Belturbet was in decline, but since the 1998 Good Friday Agreement which ended the conflict, things have been looking up.  

Investment in tourism infrastructure rose - including the construction of a new marina - drawing in visitors keen to explore the region known for its scenic lakes and rivers.  

But with Brexit looming locals are worried that the tourism industry could be badly affected.  

Cruising company ABC Boats has a base at Belturbet and another one over the border at Aghinver in County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland.

Just outside Belturbet, the Erne River marks the border itself, with one river bank in Northern Ireland and the other in the Republic of Ireland, illustrating the complexity of the issue which has stalled Brexit.

ABC's Sean Greenan, who manages the Belturbet Marina, says he's worried that European visitors in particular will stay away if Brexit results in new border controls.

"Our…majority of our customers come from…from Europe. So you have, you have German, eh Austrian, Switzerland, you know that's…that's ninety percent of our customers em, what way are they going to react? This is what we need to ask ourselves. What way are they going to react looking at coming to Ireland after Brexit?"  

The removal of the militarised border in 1998 increased cross border trade and fuelled economic growth which has benefited people both north and south.

The Senator George Mitchell Peace Bridge marking the border just outside the town has become a potent symbol of north/south co-operation.

Opened in 1999 as a replacement for another bridge which was blown up during the Troubles, today cars and trucks travel across the border without hindrance.

The only way to tell that you have crossed the border is road markings which change on the bridge from white in Northern Ireland to yellow in the Republic of Ireland.

If a new border is constructed this marks the spot where locals fear security infrastructure will reappear stifling cross border co-operation.   

35 kilometres up river from Belturbet is Enniskillen in Co. Fermanagh, Northern Ireland,  which is also heavily reliant on tourism.   

Most visitors to Enniskillen travel up from the Republic of Ireland and locals are concerned that that could be jeopardised by Brexit.

Terry McCartney is the Managing Director of the Belmore Court & Motel, one of the largest hotels in the town.

"People flying into Ireland mostly fly into Dublin. Eh once they get into Dublin if they want to come north they have to hire a car. Will there be a border? Will there not be a border? Will they be able to bring their car across the border? Will they need a visa to come across the border? So those are all issues in terms of guests and residents em. But on top of that then we also have the issue of workers em. We have a number of jobs which are filled mainly by people who work…or who come from outside the UK and Ireland. After Brexit will those people be able to stay? Will be be able to get additional people to do those important jobs in in the accommodation sector? So em those are big issues for us and definitely very uncertain."

Back on the River Erne linking Belturbet and Enniskillen, life continues on at its leisurely pace, at least for now.

It's the years of uncertainty surrounding Brexit that have been the the biggest problem facing businesses like ABC Boats, says manager Sean Greenan.

"What we need as a company here, and what our clients need - knowledge. We need to know what's going to happen next year. We're going to want to need to know what's going to happen the following year. And at the end of the day we've got to deal with whatever that is. But we've got to know. You can't deal with anything until you know about it."

Protecting the many gains made under the Good Friday Agreement and avoiding the return of a hard border are the most important things going forward, says Brendan Fey a local politician and pub owner.

"I believed that we were going to be an economic island - cross border, health, electricity, phones, everything. It has thrown everything up now, we have to get back to that. People talk about a united Ireland - I would just park that, that's not important just at the moment. The important thing is that we don't have borders anywhere on this island."   

The UK is due to leave the European Union on October 31st.  The British government is currently still trying to thrash out a deal with the European Union ahead or the EU summit on October 17-18.

ASSOCIATED PRESS

Belturbet, Co. Cavan, Ireland, October 9th 2019.

1. Wide aerial of town. ++MUTE++

2. Wide aerial of town and boats on river. ++MUTE++

3. Wide low-level aerial of boats on river. ++MUTE++

4. Close up zoom in of engraved plaque reading (English): "This project has been part financed by the EU special support programme for Peace and Reconciliation."  

5. Wide pan of passing cruise boat.

6. Wide tilt from water turbulence at back of boat to river.

7. Wide frontal view of cruise boat.

8. Close up of boat driver's face seen through windscreen.

9. SOUNDBITE (English) Sean Greenan, ABC Boats Marina Manager, The Marina Belturbet.

"Our…majority of our customers come from…from Europe. So you have, you have German, eh Austrian, Switzerland, you know that's…that's ninety percent of our customers em, what way are they going to react? This is what we need to ask ourselves. What way are they going to react looking at coming to Ireland after Brexit?"  

10. Wide of road with passing traffic.

11. Medium of sign: 'Reject Brexit - Hard Border, Job Losses, Food Shortages.'

12. Medium of sign: 'Hard Border? Soft Border? No Border !'

13. Wide of bridge with passing traffic.

14. Close up of engraved plaque: 'Senator George Mitchell Peace Bridge, Aghalane" - which sits on the border

15. Close up pan from white line on road to yellow line on road marking 'border' between Ireland and Northern Ireland

ASSOCIATED PRESS

Enniskillen, Co. Fermanagh, Northern Ireland - October 10th 2019.

16. Wide aerial of town. ++MUTE++

17. Wide of town main street with traffic.

18. Medium of pedestrians.

19. Wide of hotel and cars on road.

20. Close up of British flag.

21. Medium of sign: 'Belmore Court & Motel'.

22. Medium pan of man entering hotel reception.

23. SOUNDBITE (English) Terry McCartney, Managing Director, Belmore Court & Motel.  

"People flying into Ireland mostly fly into Dublin. Eh once they get into Dublin if they want to come north they have to hire a car. Will there be a border ? Will there not be a border? Will they be able to bring their car across the border? Will they need a visa to come across the border? So those are all issues in terms of guests and residents em. But on top of that then we also have the issue of workers em. We have a number of jobs which are filled mainly by people who work…or who come from outside the UK and Ireland. After Brexit will those people be able to stay? Will be be able to get additional people to do those important jobs in in the accommodation sector? So em those are big issues for us and definitely very uncertain."

24. Wide pan of cruise boats.

25. Medium of fisherman.

ASSOCIATED PRESS

Belturbet, Co. Cavan, Ireland, October 9th 2019.

26. Wide frontal view of cruise boat.

27. Medium of boat driver seen from below.

28. Close up of speedometer.

29. Close up pan of man's face.

30. SOUNDBITE (English) Sean Greenan, ABC Boats Marina Manager, The Marina Belturbet.

"What we need as a company here, and what our clients need - knowledge. We need to know what's going to happen next year. We're going to want to need to know what's going to happen the following year. And at the end of the day we've got to deal with whatever that is. But we've got to know. You can't deal with anything until you know about it."

31. Medium of Brendan Fey standing on riverbank jetty.

32. SOUNDBITE (English), Brendan Fey, Cavan Country Councillor and pub owner.     

"I believed that we were going to be an economic island - cross border, health, electricity, phones, everything. It has thrown everything up now, we have to get back to that. People talk about a united Ireland - I would just park that, that's not important just at the moment. The important thing is that we don't have borders anywhere on this island."   

ASSOCIATED PRESS

Archive  : Lough Erne, Enniskillen - 28 May 2013

33. Various of lake with cruise boats

34. Sunshine reflected on water

35. Cruiser on the water

36. Police speed boat on patrol

POOL

Archive : Lough Erne, Enniskillen, Co. Fermanagh, Northern Ireland - June 2013

37. Aerial tilt down of area around Lough Erne to Lough Erne Resort Hotel

LEAD IN:

As the Brexit drama plays out in Britain, expats and holidaymakers are watching and waiting from afar.

The island of Corfu is arguably the most British of the Greek islands, and, for now at least, business is good.

But the Brits there are counting down the days till March 29.

STORY-LINE:

Many of Corfu's customs are rooted in the British protectorate era of the 19th century.

Its fortresses and palaces once held British soldiers and Lord High Commissioners.

Authors Lawrence and Gerald Durrell lived here too, and their books about Corfu became part of popular culture.

Charter flights from the UK have been arriving here since the 1970s.  

This year's high season is expected to bring nearly a million tourists to the Ionian island, more than half of them from the UK.  

So far, Britain's fast approaching departure from the European Union has not changed the status of Corfu as a favourite holiday destination.

Some hotels are already almost fully booked, holiday home construction continues on the north-east coast known as Kensington-on-Sea, and businesses are showing little sign of concern.

Claire Harris, a hotel owner, says more Brits have booked in this year, compared to last year.

"The bookings from the UK market are actually up 67% on what they were this time last year. So, why that is, I'm not a professional, but I just get the feeling that people want to book now so they guarantee the price that they've got. So if something happens after Brexit - the pound drops and the price of holidays goes up - they know that they've booked something."

Married to a Greek national, Claire has lived in Corfu for 25 years. She's been to briefing sessions organised by consular officials to inform the roughly 10,000 British residents of Corfu on the different scenarios they could face on March 29. That's the day Britain is scheduled to leave the European Union.

"People were more concerned about taking their animals when they go back to the UK, whether they could take their animals, which seems strange to me. I'm more concerned about the future of my children who are both British and Greek," she says.

She admits to having some concern about the recognition of their Greek academic qualifications.

Local historian Alekos Damaskinos argues that bonds between Britain and the island are too strong to be seriously damaged by Brexit.  

He says Corfu had a positive experience under British rule, unlike other Ionian islands, and adopted British traditions.

"One most important thing left from the British was the game of cricket, which in Greece I don't think they know what it means. And we had two teams to start with - but now, there are about 15."

Corfu Town's Spianada Square has its own cricket pitch and the game still thrives with teams from all over the Commonwealth coming to play at the numerous local clubs.

Corfu is also the birthplace of Prince Philip, the Duke of Edinburgh, who was born Prince of Greece and Denmark at Mon Repos villa, in the outskirts of Corfu Town. His son, Prince Charles, is a regular visitor.

"Well, he's not really Greek, no, although he was born here," says local historian Alekos Damaskinos.

There are other leftovers from British rule: Ginger beer, known here as 'tzitzibira,' and chutney remain popular. And most locals have played in or know a member of one of the island's 18 marching bands, inspired by British army bands.

Elsa Karydi is a member of the Philarmonic Society of Corfu.

"Well, the British know how to march and they do like a marching band, so that was the influence," she says.

At the British owned The Navigators pub, most of the clientele are Brits living at a private marina.

Linda Kontomares is the pub manager.

"I can't see that Brexit is going to affect us that much here," she says.

"The clientele that we get, it'll carry on and I don't think is going to affect us as a business."

But she says Brexit scaremongering has reached the island.

British citizens living in Corfu will need to get a residence permit and obtain a Greek driving license but there also are many unknowns.

"Until the 29th of March actually hits us and we know exactly what's going on - nobody has given 100 percent advice on how it's going to go," says Kontomares .

Corfu island, Greece - 9 March 2019

++ NO AUDIO++

1. Aerial shot of the Spianada, Corfu's main square. Greece's mainland and Albania's snow-covered peaks in the background

2. Aerial shot of the cricket pitch in the Spianada

Corfu town, 7 March 2019

3. Various of the entrance to the Old Fortress where the Old British barracks were located

4. Various of the Palace of Saint Michael and Saint George, originally the residence of the British Lord High Commissioner of the Ionian Islands.

Kalami bay, 8 March 2019

++ NO AUDIO++

5. Aerial shot of Kalami bay, area where authors Lawrence Durrell and his younger brother Gerald lived in the 30s

6. Aerial shot of the White House, residence of Lawrence Durrell

Kalami, 8 March 2019

7. Quote from author Lawrence Durrell's book Prospero's Cell on the wall of The White House (now a restaurant)

Agios Georgios, 7 March 2019

8. Exterior of the Blue Sea Hotel

9. Various of Claire Harris, co-owner of the hotel

10. SOUNDBITE (English) Claire Harris, co-owner of Blue Sea Hotel:

"The bookings from the UK market are actually up 67% on what they were this time last year. So, why that is, I'm not a professional, but I just get the feeling that people want to book now so they guarantee the price that they've got. So if something happens after Brexit - the pound drops and the price of holidays goes up - they know that they've booked something."

11. Various of Harris with one of her dogs

12. SOUNDBITE (English) Claire Harris, co-owner of Blue Sea Hotel:

" People were more concerned about taking their animals when they go back to the UK, whether they could take their animals, which seems strange to me. I'm more concerned about the future of my children who are both British and Greek."

Nissaki, 8 March 2019

13. Various of local historian and author Alekos Damaskinos at this house overlooking the Ionian Sea

14. SOUNDBITE (English) Alekos Damaskinos, author and local historian of Corfu:

" One most important thing left from the British was the game of cricket, which in Greece I don't think they know what it means. And we had two teams to start with - but now, there are about 15."

Chrisida, 9 March 2019

15. Various of training of Kerkyraikos Gymnastikos Syllogos (Corfiot Athletic Club), the oldest cricket club in Corfu

Corfu town, 8 March 2019

16. Various of Xeimarios ginger beer, the local and only ginger beer brand, known in Greek as " tzitzibira"

Mon Repos, 7 March 2019

17. Various exteriors of Mon Repos villa, former royal residence and birthplace of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh

Nissaki, 8 March 2019

18. SOUNDBITE (English) Alekos Damaskinos, author and local historian of Corfu:

"Very few people know that, well, he's (Prince Philip) not really Greek, no, although he was born here."

Corfu town, 8 March 2019

19. Various of rehearsal of Philarmonic Society of Corfu marching band (created by imitating the British army band after Queen Victoria forbade British marching bands playing in orthodox religious services in Corfu)

20. Saxophone player and repertoire manager Elsa Karydi entering the Philarmonic Society of Corfu museum

21. SOUNDBITE (English) Elsa Karydi, member of the Philarmonic Society of Corfu:

" Well, the British know how to march and they do like a marching band, so that was the influence."

Kontokali, 8 March 2019

22. Exterior of the English pub The Navigators

23. Various of Linda Kontomares, manager of the pub and interiors

24. SOUNDBITE (English) Linda Kontomares, manager of English pub The Navigators

" I think there could be a lot of scaremongering going on on the island, which I have seen in the last few months: That English people, or British people, will not be able to do this, to do that, they won't be able to work, they need this paper, that paper, and the other paper. But until the 29th of March actually hits us and we know exactly what's going on, nobody has given 100 percent advice on how it's going to go."

25. Various of Kontomares talking to clients – the majority are retired Brits

26. SOUNDBITE (English) Linda Kontomares, manager of English pub The Navigators

" I can't see that Brexit is going to affect us that much here. As I said we have a lot of expats that already live here. Whether it will affect them personally or not, I'm not sure. But the clientele that we get, it'll carry on and I don't think is going to affect us as a business."

Corfu town, 9 March 2019

++ NO AUDIO++

27. Aerial shot yachts and boats being prepared for the upcoming high season

Nissaki- Kalami, 8 March 2019

++ NO AUDIO++

28. Various aerial shots of Nissaki - Kalami, known as Kensington-on Sea due to the high number of Brits who own houses there

LEAD IN:

As the Brexit drama plays out in Britain, expats and holidaymakers are watching and waiting from afar.

The island of Corfu is arguably the most British of the Greek islands, and, for now at least, business is good.

But the Brits there are counting down the days till March 29.

STORY-LINE:

Many of Corfu's customs are rooted in the British protectorate era of the 19th century.

Its fortresses and palaces once held British soldiers and Lord High Commissioners.

Authors Lawrence and Gerald Durrell lived here too, and their books about Corfu became part of popular culture.

Charter flights from the UK have been arriving here since the 1970s.  

This year's high season is expected to bring nearly a million tourists to the Ionian island, more than half of them from the UK.  

So far, Britain's fast approaching departure from the European Union has not changed the status of Corfu as a favourite holiday destination.

Some hotels are already almost fully booked, holiday home construction continues on the north-east coast known as Kensington-on-Sea, and businesses are showing little sign of concern.

Claire Harris, a hotel owner, says more Brits have booked in this year, compared to last year.

"The bookings from the UK market are actually up 67% on what they were this time last year. So, why that is, I'm not a professional, but I just get the feeling that people want to book now so they guarantee the price that they've got. So if something happens after Brexit - the pound drops and the price of holidays goes up - they know that they've booked something."

Married to a Greek national, Claire has lived in Corfu for 25 years. She's been to briefing sessions organised by consular officials to inform the roughly 10,000 British residents of Corfu on the different scenarios they could face on March 29. That's the day Britain is scheduled to leave the European Union.

"People were more concerned about taking their animals when they go back to the UK, whether they could take their animals, which seems strange to me. I'm more concerned about the future of my children who are both British and Greek," she says.

She admits to having some concern about the recognition of their Greek academic qualifications.

Local historian Alekos Damaskinos argues that bonds between Britain and the island are too strong to be seriously damaged by Brexit.  

He says Corfu had a positive experience under British rule, unlike other Ionian islands, and adopted British traditions.

"One most important thing left from the British was the game of cricket, which in Greece I don't think they know what it means. And we had two teams to start with - but now, there are about 15."

Corfu Town's Spianada Square has its own cricket pitch and the game still thrives with teams from all over the Commonwealth coming to play at the numerous local clubs.

Corfu is also the birthplace of Prince Philip, the Duke of Edinburgh, who was born Prince of Greece and Denmark at Mon Repos villa, in the outskirts of Corfu Town. His son, Prince Charles, is a regular visitor.

"Well, he's not really Greek, no, although he was born here," says local historian Alekos Damaskinos.

There are other leftovers from British rule: Ginger beer, known here as 'tzitzibira,' and chutney remain popular. And most locals have played in or know a member of one of the island's 18 marching bands, inspired by British army bands.

Elsa Karydi is a member of the Philarmonic Society of Corfu.

"Well, the British know how to march and they do like a marching band, so that was the influence," she says.

At the British owned The Navigators pub, most of the clientele are Brits living at a private marina.

Linda Kontomares is the pub manager.

"I can't see that Brexit is going to affect us that much here," she says.

"The clientele that we get, it'll carry on and I don't think is going to affect us as a business."

But she says Brexit scaremongering has reached the island.

British citizens living in Corfu will need to get a residence permit and obtain a Greek driving license but there also are many unknowns.

"Until the 29th of March actually hits us and we know exactly what's going on - nobody has given 100 percent advice on how it's going to go," says Kontomares .

Corfu island, Greece - 9 March 2019

++ NO AUDIO++

1. Aerial shot of the Spianada, Corfu's main square. Greece's mainland and Albania's snow-covered peaks in the background

2. Aerial shot of the cricket pitch in the Spianada

Corfu town, 7 March 2019

3. Various of the entrance to the Old Fortress where the Old British barracks were located

4. Various of the Palace of Saint Michael and Saint George, originally the residence of the British Lord High Commissioner of the Ionian Islands.

Kalami bay, 8 March 2019

++ NO AUDIO++

5. Aerial shot of Kalami bay, area where authors Lawrence Durrell and his younger brother Gerald lived in the 30s

6. Aerial shot of the White House, residence of Lawrence Durrell

Kalami, 8 March 2019

7. Quote from author Lawrence Durrell's book Prospero's Cell on the wall of The White House (now a restaurant)

ASSOCIATED PRESS - AP CLIENTS ONLY

Agios Georgios, 7 March 2019

8. Exterior of the Blue Sea Hotel

9. Various of Claire Harris, co-owner of the hotel

10. SOUNDBITE (English) Claire Harris, co-owner of Blue Sea Hotel:

"The bookings from the UK market are actually up 67% on what they were this time last year. So, why that is, I'm not a professional, but I just get the feeling that people want to book now so they guarantee the price that they've got. So if something happens after Brexit - the pound drops and the price of holidays goes up - they know that they've booked something."

11. Various of Harris with one of her dogs

12. SOUNDBITE (English) Claire Harris, co-owner of Blue Sea Hotel:

" People were more concerned about taking their animals when they go back to the UK, whether they could take their animals, which seems strange to me. I'm more concerned about the future of my children who are both British and Greek."

Nissaki, 8 March 2019

13. Various of local historian and author Alekos Damaskinos at this house overlooking the Ionian Sea

14. SOUNDBITE (English) Alekos Damaskinos, author and local historian of Corfu:

" One most important thing left from the British was the game of cricket, which in Greece I don't think they know what it means. And we had two teams to start with - but now, there are about 15."

Chrisida, 9 March 2019

15. Various of training of Kerkyraikos Gymnastikos Syllogos (Corfiot Athletic Club), the oldest cricket club in Corfu

Corfu town, 8 March 2019

16. Various of Xeimarios ginger beer, the local and only ginger beer brand, known in Greek as " tzitzibira"

Mon Repos, 7 March 2019

17. Various exteriors of Mon Repos villa, former royal residence and birthplace of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh

Nissaki, 8 March 2019

18. SOUNDBITE (English) Alekos Damaskinos, author and local historian of Corfu:

"Very few people know that, well, he's (Prince Philip) not really Greek, no, although he was born here."

Corfu town, 8 March 2019

19. Various of rehearsal of Philarmonic Society of Corfu marching band (created by imitating the British army band after Queen Victoria forbade British marching bands playing in orthodox religious services in Corfu)

20. Saxophone player and repertoire manager Elsa Karydi entering the Philarmonic Society of Corfu museum

21. SOUNDBITE (English) Elsa Karydi, member of the Philarmonic Society of Corfu:

" Well, the British know how to march and they do like a marching band, so that was the influence."

Kontokali, 8 March 2019

22. Exterior of the English pub The Navigators

23. Various of Linda Kontomares, manager of the pub and interiors

24. SOUNDBITE (English) Linda Kontomares, manager of English pub The Navigators

" I think there could be a lot of scaremongering going on on the island, which I have seen in the last few months: That English people, or British people, will not be able to do this, to do that, they won't be able to work, they need this paper, that paper, and the other paper. But until the 29th of March actually hits us and we know exactly what's going on, nobody has given 100 percent advice on how it's going to go."

25. Various of Kontomares talking to clients – the majority are retired Brits

26. SOUNDBITE (English) Linda Kontomares, manager of English pub The Navigators

" I can't see that Brexit is going to affect us that much here. As I said we have a lot of expats that already live here. Whether it will affect them personally or not, I'm not sure. But the clientele that we get, it'll carry on and I don't think is going to affect us as a business."

Corfu town, 9 March 2019

++ NO AUDIO++

27. Aerial shot yachts and boats being prepared for the upcoming high season

Nissaki- Kalami, 8 March 2019

++ NO AUDIO++

28. Various aerial shots of Nissaki - Kalami, known as Kensington-on Sea due to the high number of Brits who own houses there

Chef Mohammed-Faizul Haque makes it all look so easy.

He adds a ladle of base sauce and then lemon to a pan of sizzling chicken, sending flames shooting skyward.

Then he reaches into a line of vessels at the back of the stove for pinches of cumin, coriander, salt, chili and garlic, the feel of the ingredients between his fingers as his only measure.

After the demonstration, he sends a plate of Balti kuchi chilli chicken upstairs to the dining room at the Taste of India in London.

Haque's deft touch isn't easy to replicate, and that's a big problem for Britain's curry houses, which are shutting down at a rate of two a week, in part because there aren't enough chefs.

Restaurant owners, who backed the campaign to leave the European Union after assurances it would lead to more visas for South Asian cooks, feel betrayed, angry that they helped deliver the vote to only to have the government fail to deliver on promises to help save their industry.

Rather than easing the shortage, Brexit is likely to make the situation worse by cutting off the flow of eastern European workers who have increasingly filled the gaps in recent years.

Brexit is just the latest episode in the curry crisis that is hitting a country where chicken tikka masala is as much the national dish as fish and chips.

In addition to a chef shortage, Britain's 12,000 Indian restaurants are struggling with competition from pre-prepared supermarket meals, delivery companies that demand high fees, and rising food prices.

Though casually referred to as Indian food, most curry houses are run by Bangladeshi immigrants and their offspring who fused South Asian flavours with British tastes to create a new cuisine worth an estimated 4.5 billion pounds (5.6 billion US dollars) to the economy annually.

The unease of the curry houses is replicated in ways large and small across Britain, as Prime Minister Theresa May prepares to begin the legal process of leaving the EU later this month.

May has taken a tough stance on the issue after anger about uncontrolled immigration fuelled last year's vote to leave the EU.

While exiting the bloc will allow Britain to limit European immigration for the first time in 40 years, the government has so far refused to relax the rules for migrants from non-EU countries.

The government also refuses to discuss any changes, arguing it would hurt its negotiating position.

The current rules require migrants from outside the EU to have a job paying at least 35,000 pounds (44,000 US dollars) a year, more than many nurses make in Britain.

Curry houses, which make a profit by selling food at reasonable prices, can't meet that standard.

Restaurant owners have in recent years filled the gap by hiring Eastern Europeans, particularly Poles and Romanians.

Between 5,000 and 6,000 curry house workers are East Europeans out of a total 150,000 across the country.

Aga Pozniak, 38, is a qualified teacher from Lodz in central Poland. Though she now serves customers in front of house at the Taste of India, she started out as a kitchen assistant.

Like many Eastern European workers, she doesn't know how long she'll be able to stay in the UK in a post Article 50 era.

The restaurants, some of which have been in the family for decades, can no longer look to the next generation to fill the gaps.

As mothers and fathers have prospered and become part of British society, many of their children have moved into professions such as law and medicine rather than cooking.

And with no new influx of onion choppers in the pipeline, even those who want to stay in the business are having a tough time.

Sayem Ahmed, for example, wants to transform the Taste of India into a Michelin-starred eatery, and he's studying business at Middlesex University to make that dream come true.

But the 19-year-old is finding himself increasingly pulling shifts at the family restaurant , time that takes him away from his studies.

What is at stake, says Enam Ali, owner of Le Raj in Epsom, is not the heritage of Bangladesh, but the heritage of Britain.

Eastern European workers sometimes have trouble communicating with the chefs, who find themselves learning the Romanian words for green pepper and onion.

Worse still, many have never even seen a curry, unlike previous generations who came from south Asia who at least had passing acquaintance with such food and who often aspired to open curry houses of their own.

But they don't balk at long hours chopping vegetables and washing dishes.

Gheorghe Otel, a chef from Romania working in Ali's kitchen, says he would like to become an experienced chef but adds that it takes time.

Meanwhile, punters now worry about the prospect of the nation's favourite food disappearing from the UK's high streets.

London - 9 March 2017

1. Various of chef Mohammed-Faizul Haque cooking chicken dish at Taste of India restaurant

2. Various of Haque putting food into hatch and closing it

3. Polish waitress Aga Pozniak opening hatch and taking food out

4. Pozniak serving food at table

5. SOUNDBITE (English) Aga Pozniak, qualified teacher form Lodz in central Poland:

"Now, the situation is not really clear so we don't know what's going to happen in future and what the government negotiations outcome will be like. So now, most people who came here, especially not long ago like me for example, are thinking 'okay should I stay? Should I invest in myself here or maybe should I come back? Maybe I should go somewhere else because I don't really want to come back to my home country, so maybe I should go somewhere else'."

6. Various of customers in curry house

7. Sayem Ahmed, 19-year-old son of owner of Taste of India, in restaurant

8. SOUNDBITE (English) Sayem Ahmed, Son of owner of Taste of India:

"Not only our restaurant, I'd say the industry is in danger and we really need to think of something fast."

9. Celebrity chef and Senior Vice President of Bangladesh Caterers Association UK, Oli Khan, walking

10. SOUNDBITE (English) Oli Khan, Celebrity Chef and Senior Vice President of Bangladesh Caterers Association UK:

"Basically, before the Brexit we had our Brexit minister and then we had (previous) the mayor of London (Boris Johnson). They've actually promised us they said that, you know, 'if you support the Brexit, then we will make sure that we'll get a lot of people from South Asia' and that is not happening actually. Because now they have turned around and are saying something else. The curry houses are not quite happy with this decision."

11. Exterior of Taste of India restaurant

Epsom - 15 March, 2017

12. Romanians and Indian staff in the kitchen at Le Raj Indian restaurant

13. Various of chef chopping vegetables

14. Various of Romanian chef Gheorghe Otel cooking food

15. SOUNDBITE (Romanian) Gheorghe Otel, chef from Romania:

"I would like to become an experienced chef but it takes a long time as it's a busy restaurant but I want to learn. This is a good restaurant with a good name in this country."

16. Various of Otel placing prawns on a plate

17. Restaurant owner Enam Ali in at restaurant counter

18. SOUNDBITE (English) Enam Ali, owner of Le Raj restaurant:

"The British curry industry has wholeheartedly supported Brexit because we feel it would be fair policy and we can bring people from outside the EU, from India, Bangladesh, Pakistan where people can come and look after our business because the industry needs chefs desperately. So this is something now that is happening opposite, because the people we are currently working on - helping hand from the European worker - Romanian and Polish - they are now going to leave so what we end up with is nobody to work for us. So we will be really closing our restaurant. Already we are seeing the indications of two restaurants each week is closing. One hundred thousand people depending on the curry industry and we feel (it is a) really worried time for us."

London - 9 March 2017

19. Various exteriors of curry house

20. SOUNDBITE (English) Theo Turner, Local resident:

"It's not great. I love curry, go and have a curry maybe once every two weeks, something like that, so it is a big part of my life. I love going out with my mates for a curry."

21. Restaurant sign

22. SOUNDBITE (English) Kevin Baker, Local resident:

"In light of Brexit I don't think it's a surprise. I think everybody could have expected that to happen. I think it's going to be sad if they go there, it's a pretty big part of the culture here in London."

23. Exterior of Indian restaurant

+UPDATED EDIT AND SCRIPT+

FRA BEAUJOLAIS

SOURCE: ASSOCIATED PRESS

RESTRICTIONS: AP Clients Only

LENGTH: 7:56

SHOTLIST:

ASSOCIATED PRESS - AP CLIENTS ONLY

Paris, France - 21 November 2019

1. Various shots of Bernard Roques-Bouges, owner of 'Au Petit Chavignol' brasserie pouring Beaujolais Nouveau wine from cask into glass and testing it

2. Close up Beaujolais Nouveau in glasses

ASSOCIATED PRESS - AP CLIENTS ONLY

Saint-Jean-d'Ardieres, France - 12 November 2019

3. Close of 2019 Beaujolais Nouveau bottles on conveyor belt inside wine producer warehouse

4. Wide of bottling production line

5. Tracking shot of bottle along conveyor belt and General Director of Vinescence wine production company, Jean-Paul Civeyrac, walking towards labelling machine

6. Various of machine sticking labels on bottles

7. Mid of Civeyrac holding up bottle, UPSOUND (French) "So it's 2019 Beaujolais Nouveau, then you have the batch name and this indication that the wine comes from an environment-friendly farm."

8. Wide of line of bottles down conveyor belt and employees packing them in cardboard boxes

9. Mid of bottles down conveyor belt with fresh label reading 'Nouveau'

10. SOUNDBITE (French) Jean-Paul Civeyrac, General Director of Vinescence wine production company:

"The market for Beaujolais Nouveau like the one you see here is a global market – the first market in the world being Japan. The French market is also very important but you'll find some around the world, from the United States to Northern Europe. Eastern Europe countries also drink a lot (of Beaujolais Nouveau)."

11. Pan of bottle with fresh label reading 'Beaujolais'

12. Mid of box packed with 2019 Beaujolais Nouveau bottles down conveyor belt to stationing area

ASSOCIATED PRESS - AP CLIENTS ONLY

Romaneche-Thorins, France - 12 November 2019

13. Mid of Georges Duboeuf logo on side of warehouse of largest Beaujolais Nouveau producer

14. Tracking shot of Duboeuf President Franck Duboeuf walking across warehouse to last stacks of Beaujolais Nouveau yet to be shipped to clients

15. SOUNDBITE (French) Franck Duboeuf, President of Georges Duboeuf wine production company:

"This is the Beaujolais Nouveau that's being shipped to Boulogne and Calais (harbours on the Channel) to our client and then over here, we have another destination with our client (food industry wholesaler) Metro and it will be delivered to Paris."

16. Mid of Duboeuf looking at label on side of Beaujolais Nouveau shipment

17. Wide of Duboeuf standing outside wine shop with logo on façade

18. Pan of Duboeuf arranging bottles on table in front of him

19. Mid of 2019 Beaujolais Nouveau bottles on table with Duboeuf in foreground

20. Wide of showing bottle of rose

21. SOUNDBITE (French) Franck Duboeuf, President of Duboeuf wine production company:

"It's clear that if we didn't have a presence with this year's Beaujolais Nouveau, it could disappear from the (US) market altogether with such important competition and also because it's like a rendez-vous. If you miss the rendez-vous, it could, in following years, jeopardise what you've worked hard to build in 40 years. It was crucial that we save this campaign… in the future, it's the entire 2019 production, an entire region, an entire sector (that are threatened) and it's extremely complicated and worrying."

22. Close of 2019 Beaujolais Nouveau bottles produced for French and export markets by Georges Duboeuf wines

ASSOCIATED PRESS - AP CLIENTS ONLY

Villie-Morgon, France -12 November 2019

23. Close of Dominique Piron's 2019 Beaujolais Nouveau bottles

24. Wide of bottles sitting on top barrel with Piron in background leaning against stack of casks

25. Close of logo for Piron's winemaking company

26. SOUNDBITE (French) Dominique Piron, Winemaker and President of Beaujolais winemakers' association:

"Japan has lowered its taxes on imports but that doesn't mean they're buying more wine. China imports a lot of wine from Chile and Australia with no-tax deals between governments – that's unfair competition. Global wine trade is complicated nowadays especially at a time when competition is fierce. Globally, wine production is in overproduction and there's a tighter funnel when it comes to sales."

27. Mid of Piron during interview

28. SOUNDBITE (French) Dominique Piron, Winemaker and President of Beaujolais winemakers' association:

"We're lucky enough to see, in the past two or three years and with this new chapter that we're writing, Beaujolais sales on the increase, at a time when red wine consumption is going down globally in favour of Rose and white wines and with strong competition. Just an example: since the beginning of 2019 and up to the end of last August, the first 8 months of the year, French wine exports have fell by 2 percent. Three regions in France have seen theirs increase. The Loire valley with 4.5 percent, Burgundy at 5.5 percent and Beaujolais at 11 percent."

ASSOCIATED PRESS - AP CLIENTS ONLY

Chatillon, France - 13 November 2015

29. Wide of village of Chatillon, home to the Chasselay vineyard

30. Wide of Chasselay vineyard with view of Beaujolais hills

31. Wide of organic vines in row on Chasselay vineyard

32. Pull focus of vine branches

33. Wide of country road with sign showing direction to Chasselay 'Domaine'

34. Wide of Claire Chasselay wheeling boxes of Beaujolais Nouveau to back of van

35. Mid of Chasselay loading boxes into van

36. SOUNDBITE (French) Claire Chasselay, organic wine grower:

"Today, if you really want to make a living we have to stop selling our wines at a low price. We have to sell it at the right price and a price that generates a living wage for the winegrower but also the wine merchant and the restaurant owner. The right price. It's the same for all agricultural sectors. We're not asking to sell our bottles for 150 euros (166 US dollars) but an appropriate price. Consumers need to be – and I think they are – in a position to realise that they're ready to spend a little more for their wine or their meat or their cheese because they want to drink good quality products."

37. Wide of country road outside Chasselay family estate

ASSOCIATED PRESS - AP CLIENTS ONLY

Paris, France - 21 November 2019

38. Various shots of customers inside brasserie during lunchtime cheering and drinking Beaujolais

39. SOUNDBITE (French) Thierry Bobot, Parisian

"For me it's very good. Maybe there is a better one, that's possible, but it's very very good, very pleasant, very light with a very fruity aftertaste. For me, it's perfect but will everybody like it?."

40. Various shots of people drinking Beaujolais

LEADIN:

Celebration is the mot du jour in France’s Beaujolais region, with winemakers and sellers uncorking the season’s Beaujolais Nouveau with feasting and fanfare.

But uncertainty is clouding this year’s festivities as the French wine industry finds itself increasingly squeezed by unfavorable geopolitics and turbulent markets.

STORYLINE:

The wait is over as one of the year's most anticipated wine events is underway.

Parisians are enjoying a taste of the newly released Beaujolais Nouveau, the famous French young red wine whose unveiling is keenly anticipated every year by wine lovers around the world.

The grapes making up the wine in these bottles were harvested by hand only a few weeks ago.

At the Vinescence wine production company, wine was bottled and labelled ready for the market place.

Beaujolais, a region spanning 55 kilometers (34 miles) north of Lyon, has spent decades marketing its wines globally.

It now exports to more than 110 countries, according to statistics from Vinescence, which works with 310 winemakers in the area.

"The market for Beaujolais Nouveau like the one you see here is a global market – the first market in the world being Japan. The French market is also very important but you'll find some around the world, from the United States to Northern Europe. Eastern Europe countries also drink a lot (of Beaujolais Nouveau)," says the General Director of Vinescence, Jean-Paul Civeyrac.

An idiosyncratic wine known for its youth, rather than its age, Beaujolais Nouveau has seen particular success.

But considerable uncertainty is clouding this year's celebration, as the French wine industry finds itself increasingly squeezed by unfavourable geopolitics and turbulent markets.

New American tariffs are denting profits. Brexit still looms. Unrest in Hong Kong has shaken that market. And China is turning to Chilean and Argentine wines instead.

The Trump administration imposed the 25 percent import tax on most French still wines last month as part of a trade spat with the European Union over illegal subsidies for the aircraft giant Airbus.

Orders had already been placed, and places on planes or boats reserved, for this year's Beaujolais Nouveau by the time the tariffs took effect.

Producers said they struck up arrangements to shoulder part of the cost themselves — and distribute most of the rest along the supply chain — in order to retain their American clientele.

Franck Duboeuf, president of the largest Beaujolais Nouveau producer in the world, says the recent market developments are worrying.

"It's clear that if we didn't have a presence with this year's Beaujolais Nouveau, it could disappear from the (US) market altogether with such important competition and also because it's like a rendez-vous. If you miss the rendez-vous, it could, in following years, jeopardise what you've worked hard to build in 40 years. It was crucial that we save this campaign… in the future, it's the entire 2019 production, an entire region, an entire sector (that are threatened) and it's extremely complicated and worrying," he says.

On top of the tariffs, uncertainty lingers around future trade with the United Kingdom, which is heading toward an early election December 12 that will determine the future of Brexit.

When and how Brexit takes shape could impact the wine trade down the line.

Changing tastes complicate the picture further.

The Japanese, who were buying a "tsunami" of Beaujolais a decade ago, seem to be losing their appetite for the wine, says the President of Beaujolais winemakers' association Dominique Piron.

Twelve years ago, French winemakers sold one bottle of Beaujolais Nouveau for every 12 inhabitants in Japan — a total of 12 million bottles per year, according to Piron. Now, Japan imports about half that number.

"Japan has lowered its taxes on imports but that doesn't mean they're buying more wine. China imports a lot of wine from Chile and Australia with no-tax deals between governments – that's unfair competition. Global wine trade is complicated nowadays especially at a time when competition is fierce. Globally, wine production is in overproduction and there's a tighter funnel when it comes to sales."

Other Beaujolais producers, like organic winemaker Claire Chasselay, are orienting their businesses toward local consumers instead.

The size of winemaking operations in the region has grown with global demand.

Fifteen years ago, 4,000 producers made wine here; now, that number stands at 2,000, according to Piron, as big producers have acquired smaller operations and expanded their reach.

The Chasselay family, which has run vineyards north of Chatillon since the 15th century, has sought to buck that trend.

Chasselay says her philosophy centres around returning to winemaking's roots: small-scale, without pesticides, and focused on producing wine for mainly domestic consumers to pair with good food and lively company.

But she insists that Beaujolais Nouveau producers should not be selling their wine cheaply.

"Today, if you really want to make a living we have to stop selling our wines at a low price. We have to sell it at the right price and a price that generates a living wage for the winegrower but also the wine merchant and the restaurant owner. The right price," she says.

The Chasselays decided two decades ago to stop spraying with chemicals their vines, pre-empting the preference for organic products that has gripped younger consumers in recent years and placed pressure on winemakers to adapt their growing techniques.

Though they exported 6,000 of the 22,500 bottles of Beaujolais Nouveau they sold this year, Chasselay prefers to see her wine on nearby shelves and tables.

This year's Beaujolais Nouveau in now in Paris ( 21 November) being enjoyed by customers in the 'Au Petit Chavignol' brasserie.

Wine lover Thierry Bobot says he is happy with this year's vintage: " For me it's very good. Maybe there is a better one, that's possible, but it's very very good, very pleasant, very light with a very fruity aftertaste. For me, it's perfect but will everybody like it?."

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LEAD IN:

Last minute preparations are underway in the Beaujolais region ahead of the release of France's most famous young wine.

Beaujolais Nouveau producers are concerned about the impact US tariffs and increased competition will have on their industry.

But it seems the wine itself is tasting good this year.

STORY-LINE:

Production for one of the year's most anticipated wine events is underway.

The grapes making up the wine in these bottles were harvested by hand only a few weeks ago.

At the Vinescence wine production company, wine is being bottled and labelled ahead of the third Thursday of November, when winemakers and sellers are set to uncork the season's Beaujolais Nouveau with feasting and fanfare.

Beaujolais, a region spanning 55 kilometers (34 miles) north of Lyon, has spent decades marketing its wines globally.

It now exports to more than 110 countries, according to statistics from Vinescence, which works with 310 winemakers in the area.

"The market for Beaujolais Nouveau like the one you see here is a global market – the first market in the world being Japan. The French market is also very important but you'll find some around the world, from the United States to Northern Europe. Eastern Europe countries also drink a lot (of Beaujolais Nouveau)," says the General Director of Vinescence, Jean-Paul Civeyrac.

An idiosyncratic wine known for its youth, rather than its age, Beaujolais Nouveau has seen particular success.

But considerable uncertainty is clouding this year's celebration, as the French wine industry finds itself increasingly squeezed by unfavourable geopolitics and turbulent markets.

New American tariffs are denting profits. Brexit still looms. Unrest in Hong Kong has shaken that market. And China is turning to Chilean and Argentine wines instead.

The Trump administration imposed the 25 percent import tax on most French still wines last month as part of a trade spat with the European Union over illegal subsidies for the aircraft giant Airbus.

Orders had already been placed, and places on planes or boats reserved, for this year's Beaujolais Nouveau by the time the tariffs took effect.

Producers said they struck up arrangements to shoulder part of the cost themselves — and distribute most of the rest along the supply chain — in order to retain their American clientele.

Franck Duboeuf, president of the largest Beaujolais Nouveau producer in the world, says the recent market developments are worrying.

"It's clear that if we didn't have a presence with this year's Beaujolais Nouveau, it could disappear from the (US) market altogether with such important competition and also because it's like a rendez-vous. If you miss the rendez-vous, it could, in following years, jeopardise what you've worked hard to build in 40 years. It was crucial that we save this campaign… in the future, it's the entire 2019 production, an entire region, an entire sector (that are threatened) and it's extremely complicated and worrying," he says.

On top of the tariffs, uncertainty lingers around future trade with the United Kingdom, which is heading toward an early election December 12 that will determine the future of Brexit.

When and how Brexit takes shape could impact the wine trade down the line.

Changing tastes complicate the picture further.

The Japanese, who were buying a "tsunami" of Beaujolais a decade ago, seem to be losing their appetite for the wine, says the President of Beaujolais winemakers' association Dominique Piron.

Twelve years ago, French winemakers sold one bottle of Beaujolais Nouveau for every 12 inhabitants in Japan — a total of 12 million bottles per year, according to Piron. Now, Japan imports about half that number.

"Japan has lowered its taxes on imports but that doesn't mean they're buying more wine. China imports a lot of wine from Chile and Australia with no-tax deals between governments – that's unfair competition. Global wine trade is complicated nowadays especially at a time when competition is fierce. Globally, wine production is in overproduction and there's a tighter funnel when it comes to sales."

Other Beaujolais producers, like organic winemaker Claire Chasselay, are orienting their businesses toward local consumers instead.

The size of winemaking operations in the region has grown with global demand.

Fifteen years ago, 4,000 producers made wine here; now, that number stands at 2,000, according to Piron, as big producers have acquired smaller operations and expanded their reach.

The Chasselay family, which has run vineyards north of Chatillon since the 15th century, has sought to buck that trend.

Chasselay says her philosophy centres around returning to winemaking's roots: small-scale, without pesticides, and focused on producing wine for mainly domestic consumers to pair with good food and lively company.

But she insists that Beaujolais Nouveau producers should not be selling their wine cheaply.

"Today, if you really want to make a living we have to stop selling our wines at a low price. We have to sell it at the right price and a price that generates a living wage for the winegrower but also the wine merchant and the restaurant owner. The right price," she says.

The Chasselays decided two decades ago to stop spraying with chemicals their vines, pre-empting the preference for organic products that has gripped younger consumers in recent years and placed pressure on winemakers to adapt their growing techniques.

Though they exported 6,000 of the 22,500 bottles of Beaujolais Nouveau they sold this year, Chasselay prefers to see her wine on nearby shelves and tables.

Eight days before market day, she loaded one of the season's last orders into her van and drove it 17 kilometers to the wine shop and restaurant of Gaetan Vial in Charbonnières-les-Bains.

Swirling the light red around in his mouth, Vial pronounced it "top-notch."

"It has this fresh aftertaste that makes you want to pour yourself another glass. It has strength in taste and substance, so everything you need," Vial says.

"Yet another good year."

Saint-Jean-d'Ardieres, France - 12 November 2019

1. Close of 2019 Beaujolais Nouveau bottles on conveyor belt inside wine producer warehouse

2. Wide of bottling production line

3. Tracking shot of bottle along conveyor belt and General Director of Vinescence wine production company, Jean-Paul Civeyrac, walking towards labelling machine

4. Various of machine sticking labels on bottles

5. Mid of Civeyrac holding up bottle, UPSOUND (French) "So it's 2019 Beaujolais Nouveau, then you have the batch name and this indication that the wine comes from an environment-friendly farm."

6. Wide of line of bottles down conveyor belt and employees packing them in cardboard boxes

7. Mid of bottles down conveyor belt with fresh label reading 'Nouveau'

8. SOUNDBITE (French) Jean-Paul Civeyrac, General Director of Vinescence wine production company:

"The market for Beaujolais Nouveau like the one you see here is a global market – the first market in the world being Japan. The French market is also very important but you'll find some around the world, from the United States to Northern Europe. Eastern Europe countries also drink a lot (of Beaujolais Nouveau)."

9. Pan of bottle with fresh label reading 'Beaujolais'

10. Mid of box packed with 2019 Beaujolais Nouveau bottles down conveyor belt to stationing area

Romaneche-Thorins, France - 12 November 2019

11. Mid of Georges Duboeuf logo on side of warehouse of largest Beaujolais Nouveau producer

12. Tracking shot of Duboeuf President Franck Duboeuf walking across warehouse to last stacks of Beaujolais Nouveau yet to be shipped to clients

13. SOUNDBITE (French) Franck Duboeuf, President of Georges Duboeuf wine production company:

"This is the Beaujolais Nouveau that's being shipped to Boulogne and Calais (harbours on the Channel) to our client and then over here, we have another destination with our client (food industry wholesaler) Metro and it will be delivered to Paris."

14. Mid of Duboeuf looking at label on side of Beaujolais Nouveau shipment

15. Wide of Duboeuf standing outside wine shop with logo on façade

16. Pan of Duboeuf arranging bottles on table in front of him

17. Mid of 2019 Beaujolais Nouveau bottles on table with Duboeuf in foreground

18. Wide of showing bottle of rose

19. SOUNDBITE (French) Franck Duboeuf, President of Duboeuf wine production company:

"It's clear that if we didn't have a presence with this year's Beaujolais Nouveau, it could disappear from the (US) market altogether with such important competition and also because it's like a rendez-vous. If you miss the rendez-vous, it could, in following years, jeopardise what you've worked hard to build in 40 years. It was crucial that we save this campaign… in the future, it's the entire 2019 production, an entire region, an entire sector (that are threatened) and it's extremely complicated and worrying."

20. Close of 2019 Beaujolais Nouveau bottles produced for French and export markets by Georges Duboeuf wines

Villie-Morgon, France -12 November 2019

21. Close of Dominique Piron's 2019 Beaujolais Nouveau bottles

22. Wide of bottles sitting on top barrel with Piron in background leaning against stack of casks

23. Close of logo for Piron's winemaking company

24. SOUNDBITE (French) Dominique Piron, Winemaker and President of Beaujolais winemakers' association:

"Japan has lowered its taxes on imports but that doesn't mean they're buying more wine. China imports a lot of wine from Chile and Australia with no-tax deals between governments – that's unfair competition. Global wine trade is complicated nowadays especially at a time when competition is fierce. Globally, wine production is in overproduction and there's a tighter funnel when it comes to sales."

25. Mid of Piron during interview

26. SOUNDBITE (French) Dominique Piron, Winemaker and President of Beaujolais winemakers' association:

"We're lucky enough to see, in the past two or three years and with this new chapter that we're writing, Beaujolais sales on the increase, at a time when red wine consumption is going down globally in favour of Rose and white wines and with strong competition. Just an example: since the beginning of 2019 and up to the end of last August, the first 8 months of the year, French wine exports have fell by 2 percent. Three regions in France have seen theirs increase. The Loire valley with 4.5 percent, Burgundy at 5.5 percent and Beaujolais at 11 percent."

Chatillon, France - 13 November 2015

27. Wide of village of Chatillon, home to the Chasselay vineyard

28. Wide of Chasselay vineyard with view of Beaujolais hills

29. Wide of organic vines in row on Chasselay vineyard

30. Pull focus of vine branches

31. Wide of country road with sign showing direction to Chasselay 'Domaine'

32. Wide of Claire Chasselay wheeling boxes of Beaujolais Nouveau to back of van

33. Mid of Chasselay loading boxes into van

34. SOUNDBITE (French) Claire Chasselay, organic wine grower:

"Today, if you really want to make a living we have to stop selling our wines at a low price. We have to sell it at the right price and a price that generates a living wage for the winegrower but also the wine merchant and the restaurant owner. The right price. It's the same for all agricultural sectors. We're not asking to sell our bottles for 150 euros (166 US dollars) but an appropriate price. Consumers need to be – and I think they are – in a position to realise that they're ready to spend a little more for their wine or their meat or their cheese because they want to drink good quality products."

35. Wide of country road outside Chasselay family estate

Charbonniere-les-Bains, France - 13 November 2015

36. Wide of Chasselay holding door of shop as wine shop manager and oenologist Gaetan Vial wheels in boxes of Beaujolais Nouveau

37. Mid of Vial placing boxes along wall at back of shop

38. Mid of cork being pulled out of 2019 Nouveau bottle

39. Mid of wine being poured into glasses

40. Mid of Vial reaching for glass and smelling wine

41. Mid of Vial tasting wine

42. SOUNDBITE (French) Gaëtan Vial, Wine shop manager and oenologist:

"It has this fresh aftertaste that makes you want to pour yourself another glass. It has strength in taste and substance, so everything you need. You also have the taste of the fruit that's typical of Beaujolais Nouveau and it's balanced. It also has this acidity that's very enjoyable and the tannins are supple so.. yet another good year."

43. Mid of Vial talking to Chasselay

44. Mid of reflection of Vial and Chasselay holding glasses inside shop