FOR CLEAN VERSION SEE STORY NUMBER: 4038463

LEAD IN:

UK wine industry experts are eyeing the upcoming vote on whether to leave the European Union with mixed feelings.

With producers and suppliers heavily reliant on pan-European trade, many remain unsure how Brexit will impact upon business.

STORY-LINE:

Sparkling wine on a summer's day in the English capital.

Glistening flutes and bottles in abundance, and a crowd of happy lunchtime drinkers add to the atmosphere of excitement and discovery, along with an impromptu game of ping pong.

It must be London Wine Week.

This is the third year of the festival, and this year is the most popular to date.

Festival director Emma Murphy says "It's the largest self-guided wine tasting that there is across London. It's kind of the only event of its kind that we have over here. So we work with 125 bars, restaurants, independent merchants who all get involved" .

But although these flutes of fizz are English sparkling wine, much of the wine the festival goers here are tasting is from EU member states such as France, Spain, Portugal, Italy and Germany.

The June 23 referendum on whether to quit the European Union is fast approaching. So is this something the industry should fear?

"I wouldn't have said so," says Murphy.

"Wine trade has been going for long enough, even long before the euro, so I wouldn't have thought that would make much difference to be honest with you. Hopefully not anyway."

At the festival hub on London's Devonshire Square, there are pop-up bars featuring wines from across Europe.

These two young graduate trainees are enjoying wines from Portugal, and with their festival wristband, it costs them just five British Pounds for a flight of three.

Oscar Stenbom and Anna Rogers both agree that things may well be different if Britain leaves the union.

"If it's more expensive for them to send the wine here, if there's more tariffs, then yeah I guess it would be," says Anna, while Oscar is concerned about regulation and labelling:

"It would also be more difficult to know what you are drinking because there won't be as many restrictions on labelling the wine based on where it's actually from and the grape it's actually come from."

The New Street wine shop has been taken over by the wine festival. They sell wines from all over the world but today they are holding a tasting featuring wines from Ribera del Duero in northern Spain.

Most wine drinkers know about the region of Rioja, but Bettina Lemm is informing these festival goers about the region she represents.

"I think they (wines of Ribera del Duero) are still an emerging market, especially in the UK. The UK is an important market for Ribera del Duero, it's the seventh-largest export market for Ribera del Duero but I think that we're still establishing ourselves."

But if the UK is an important export market, is Brexit going to throw the proverbial spanner into the works? Lemm doesn't seem too worried "I think at the moment we're pretty confident as we've seen year to year that exports have grown. I think that's going to continue and I don't think it's a worry that we have at the moment," she says.

Wine used to have a rather old fashioned reputation and a comparatively elderly demographic, but this has changed enormously in recent years.

The prevalence of wine clubs popping up in the UK is an indicator of wine's increasing popularity.

Tom Harrow of Honest Grapes explains why this is "I think this is because people want to engage more with what's in the bottle. It's not just liquid, they want to know the stories behind it, they want to meet the people involved. And there's the sociable aspect, you know wine is fundamentally something which we do with other people," he says.

With 125 venues across the metropolis taking part in this festival, there's plenty of opportunity to enjoy it with friends.

But with such enthusiasm for wine spreading across the country, June 23 could bring disruption, according to Harrow "It's fair to say that we're a bit concerned about the possibilities of Brexit, I think the rising price of the euro against the pound will have a serious effect on quality wine. At the moment more than 60 percent of wine that comes into the UK is shipped in massive great tankers and bottled over here and that's not something we get involved with. But that becomes the only affordable way if the pound plummets against the euro. So I think that it won't be a good thing initially for the wine consumer because the prices of these small artisan wines will go up" .

However, the future might be bright in other, unexpected ways.

"All the English wine makers that I speak to say we are half a degree away from being a perfect climate for sparkling wines at least," says Harrow, and with apologies to climate change icon Al Gore, he adds that "global warming is a good thing for the UK sparkling wine trade."

Reports by the WSTA (Wine and Spirit Trade Association) suggest there is still some way to go as the UK comes in at number six on the list of sales of sparkling wine by origin - but it's rising year on year.

600 million bottles of wine are bottled in the UK.

This makes the UK wine market the sixth largest in the world, generating 173 billion British pounds of economic activity, according to the WSTA. 10 billion British pounds are made through sales.

Also being showcased here is one of the new kids on the alcohol block, Regal Rogue Vermouth.

According to brand founder Mark Ward, vermouth, by definition, is 75 percent wine. It must have wormwood and it must have an ABV (alcohol by volume) of 15 to 24 percent. These three things have to be in place for a producer to put vermouth on the bottle or it flouts recent EU regulations.

Ward, who was brought up in hospitality, began the project in Australia where he worked closely with top Australian chefs who introduced him to indigenous herbs and spices.

"It seemed like a really obvious thing to do, marrying the herbs and spices with this abundance of Australian wine to create a New World style of vermouth. And you know the tradition of vermouth is really led by the European markets. You know, Italian, French, now Spanish - but now there are vermouths coming out of America, the UK, Germany and obviously Australia. So pretty much anywhere where you find wine now, you will find a vermouth of some sort." he says.

Ward is attempting to educate the wine drinking market which, he believes, is mostly unaware of the fact that vermouth is fundamentally a wine.

This can only be helped by a new pop up for 2016, the Vermouth Bar.

The parent company of London Wine Week is the aptly named "Drink Up London", and they're already preparing for the 2017 event - Brexit or no Brexit.

FOR CLEAN VERSION SEE STORY NUMBER: 4038463

LEAD IN:

UK wine industry experts are eyeing the upcoming vote on whether to leave the European Union with mixed feelings.

With producers and suppliers heavily reliant on pan-European trade, many remain unsure how Brexit will impact upon business.

STORY-LINE:

Sparkling wine on a summer's day in the English capital.

Glistening flutes and bottles in abundance, and a crowd of happy lunchtime drinkers add to the atmosphere of excitement and discovery, along with an impromptu game of ping pong.

It must be London Wine Week.

This is the third year of the festival, and this year is the most popular to date.

Festival director Emma Murphy says "It's the largest self-guided wine tasting that there is across London. It's kind of the only event of its kind that we have over here. So we work with 125 bars, restaurants, independent merchants who all get involved" .

But although these flutes of fizz are English sparkling wine, much of the wine the festival goers here are tasting is from EU member states such as France, Spain, Portugal, Italy and Germany.

The June 23 referendum on whether to quit the European Union is fast approaching. So is this something the industry should fear?

"I wouldn't have said so," says Murphy.

"Wine trade has been going for long enough, even long before the euro, so I wouldn't have thought that would make much difference to be honest with you. Hopefully not anyway."

At the festival hub on London's Devonshire Square, there are pop-up bars featuring wines from across Europe.

These two young graduate trainees are enjoying wines from Portugal, and with their festival wristband, it costs them just five British Pounds for a flight of three.

Oscar Stenbom and Anna Rogers both agree that things may well be different if Britain leaves the union.

"If it's more expensive for them to send the wine here, if there's more tariffs, then yeah I guess it would be," says Anna, while Oscar is concerned about regulation and labelling:

"It would also be more difficult to know what you are drinking because there won't be as many restrictions on labelling the wine based on where it's actually from and the grape it's actually come from."

The New Street wine shop has been taken over by the wine festival. They sell wines from all over the world but today they are holding a tasting featuring wines from Ribera del Duero in northern Spain.

Most wine drinkers know about the region of Rioja, but Bettina Lemm is informing these festival goers about the region she represents.

"I think they (wines of Ribera del Duero) are still an emerging market, especially in the UK. The UK is an important market for Ribera del Duero, it's the seventh-largest export market for Ribera del Duero but I think that we're still establishing ourselves."

But if the UK is an important export market, is Brexit going to throw the proverbial spanner into the works? Lemm doesn't seem too worried "I think at the moment we're pretty confident as we've seen year to year that exports have grown. I think that's going to continue and I don't think it's a worry that we have at the moment," she says.

Wine used to have a rather old fashioned reputation and a comparatively elderly demographic, but this has changed enormously in recent years.

The prevalence of wine clubs popping up in the UK is an indicator of wine's increasing popularity.

Tom Harrow of Honest Grapes explains why this is "I think this is because people want to engage more with what's in the bottle. It's not just liquid, they want to know the stories behind it, they want to meet the people involved. And there's the sociable aspect, you know wine is fundamentally something which we do with other people," he says.

With 125 venues across the metropolis taking part in this festival, there's plenty of opportunity to enjoy it with friends.

But with such enthusiasm for wine spreading across the country, June 23 could bring disruption, according to Harrow "It's fair to say that we're a bit concerned about the possibilities of Brexit, I think the rising price of the euro against the pound will have a serious effect on quality wine. At the moment more than 60 percent of wine that comes into the UK is shipped in massive great tankers and bottled over here and that's not something we get involved with. But that becomes the only affordable way if the pound plummets against the euro. So I think that it won't be a good thing initially for the wine consumer because the prices of these small artisan wines will go up" .

However, the future might be bright in other, unexpected ways.

"All the English wine makers that I speak to say we are half a degree away from being a perfect climate for sparkling wines at least," says Harrow, and with apologies to climate change icon Al Gore, he adds that "global warming is a good thing for the UK sparkling wine trade."

Reports by the WSTA (Wine and Spirit Trade Association) suggest there is still some way to go as the UK comes in at number six on the list of sales of sparkling wine by origin - but it's rising year on year.

600 million bottles of wine are bottled in the UK.

This makes the UK wine market the sixth largest in the world, generating 173 billion British pounds of economic activity, according to the WSTA. 10 billion British pounds are made through sales.

Also being showcased here is one of the new kids on the alcohol block, Regal Rogue Vermouth.

According to brand founder Mark Ward, vermouth, by definition, is 75 percent wine. It must have wormwood and it must have an ABV (alcohol by volume) of 15 to 24 percent. These three things have to be in place for a producer to put vermouth on the bottle or it flouts recent EU regulations.

Ward, who was brought up in hospitality, began the project in Australia where he worked closely with top Australian chefs who introduced him to indigenous herbs and spices.

"It seemed like a really obvious thing to do, marrying the herbs and spices with this abundance of Australian wine to create a New World style of vermouth. And you know the tradition of vermouth is really led by the European markets. You know, Italian, French, now Spanish - but now there are vermouths coming out of America, the UK, Germany and obviously Australia. So pretty much anywhere where you find wine now, you will find a vermouth of some sort." he says.

Ward is attempting to educate the wine drinking market which, he believes, is mostly unaware of the fact that vermouth is fundamentally a wine.

This can only be helped by a new pop up for 2016, the Vermouth Bar.

The parent company of London Wine Week is the aptly named "Drink Up London", and they're already preparing for the 2017 event - Brexit or no Brexit.

AP Television

London - 27 May 2016

1. Close of wine glasses

2. Bartender pouring sparkling wine

3. Tilt down on central courtyard at Devonshire Square, the hub for London Wine Week

4. Group of friends enjoying English sparkling wine

5. Men playing table tennis

6. Sign reading (English) "London Wine Week"

7. Set up shot of Emma Murphy, director of London Wine Week

8. SOUNDBITE (English) Emma Murphy, director of London Wine Week

"What's unique about it? It's the largest self-guided wine tasting that there is across London. It's kind of the only event of its kind that we have over here. So we work with 125 bars, restaurants, independent merchants who all get involved whether that's with offers, special menus or ticketed events across the week."

9. Two women with wine flight selection

10. SOUNDBITE (English) Emma Murphy, director of London Wine Week

(Responding to the question Do you think a Brexit will affect the wine industry negatively?)

"I wouldn't have said so, because I mean, I think, you know, wine trade has been going for long enough, even long before the euro, so I wouldn't have thought that would make much difference to be honest with you. Hopefully not anyway."

11. Sign reading (English) "Pop into our pop up wine bars"

12. Various of Portuguese wine pop up

13. Mid of graduate trainees in insurance Oscar Stenpom and Anna Rogers

14. Flight of Portuguese wines

15. SOUNDBITE (English) Oscar Stenbom and Anna Rogers, Insurance Graduate Trainees:

(Responding to question Do you think a Brexit will mean it will be more difficult for people to access quality wine?)

Stenbom: "Yes,"

Rogers: "I guess so, I mean if it's more expensive for them to send the wine here, if there's more tariffs, then yeah I guess it would be."

Stenbom: "It would also be more difficult to know what you're drinking, because there won't be as many restrictions on labelling the wine based on where it's actually from and the grape it's actually come from."

16. Pull focus of Spanish wine labels

17. Vintage bottles of fortified wine

18. Side view of Spanish wine bottles

19. Set up shot of Bettina Lemm with wines from Ribera del Duero in northern Spain

20. SOUNDBITE (English) Bettina Lemm, Westbury Communications (which represents the Ribera del Duero region in the UK):

"I think they (wines of Ribera del Duero) are still an emerging market, especially in the UK. The UK is an important market for Ribera del Duero, it's the seventh-largest export market for Ribera del Duero, but I think that we're still establishing ourselves. A lot of people know some big names from the region, and we're just trying to bring attention to some other grape producers who might not yet have the same recognition."

21. Close of wine labels

22. SOUNDBITE (English) Bettina Lemm, Westbury Communications (who represent the Ribera del Duero region in the UK):

(Responding to the question are you worried about the possibility of a Brexit affecting your export market?)

"I think at the moment we're pretty confident, as we've seen year to year that exports have grown. I think that's going to continue and I don't think it's a worry that we have at the moment."

23. Pan from mediaeval knight sculpture to pop up courtyard

24. Mid of Provence wines pop up

25. Establisher shot of Tom Harrow, wine director of Honest Grapes Wine Club

26. Close of Harrow eyeing the wine

27. SOUNDBITE (English) Tom Harrow, wine director of Honest Grapes:

"There's been a real rise in wine clubs in London and the UK generally of late, and I think this is because people want to engage more with what's in the bottle. It's not just liquid, they want to know the stories behind it, they want to meet the people involved. And there's the sociable aspect, you know wine is fundamentally something which we do with other people."

28. Mid of woman laughing over a glass of wine

29. SOUNDBITE (English) Tom Harrow, wine director of Honest Grapes:

"It's fair to say that we're a bit concerned about the possibilities of Brexit, I think the rising price of the euro against the pound will have a serious effect on quality wine. At the moment more than 60 percent of wine that comes into the UK is shipped in massive great tankers and then bottled over here and that's not something we get involved with. But that becomes the only affordable way if the pound plummets against the euro. So I think that it won't be a good thing initially for the wine consumer because the prices of these small artisan wines will go up."

30. Woman at table with wine

31. SOUNDBITE (English) Tom Harrow, wine director of Honest Grapes:

"All the English wine makers that I speak to say we are half a degree away from being a perfect climate for sparkling wines at least - and even the whites, and to an extent the reds are really coming up. So I have to say it - sorry Al Gore - global warming is a good thing for the UK sparkling wine trade."

32. Various of English rose and white sparkling wines

33. Vermouth being poured into a glass

34. Various of "Regal Rogue" Vermouth bottle

35. Tilt up of Mark Ward, founder of Regal Rogue vermouth, and his produce

36. SOUNDBITE (English) Mark Ward, founder of Regal Rogue vermouth:

"It seemed like a really obvious thing to do, marrying the herbs and spices with this abundance of Australian wine to create a New World style of vermouth. And you know the tradition of vermouth is really led by the European markets. You know, Italian, French, now Spanish - but now there are vermouths coming out of America, the UK, Germany and obviously Australia. So pretty much anywhere where you find wine now, you will find a vermouth of some sort."

37. Crowd of London Wine Week attendees at the Vermouth Bar

38. Mid of vermouth cocktails being made

39. Focus pull of sign reading (English) "Drink Up"

LENGTH: 6:02

LEAD IN:

UK wine industry experts are eyeing the upcoming vote on whether to leave the European Union with mixed feelings.

With producers and suppliers heavily reliant on pan-European trade, many remain unsure how Brexit will impact upon business.

STORY-LINE:

Sparkling wine on a summer's day in the English capital.

Glistening flutes and bottles in abundance, and a crowd of happy lunchtime drinkers add to the atmosphere of excitement and discovery, along with an impromptu game of ping pong.

It must be London Wine Week.

This is the third year of the festival, and this year is the most popular to date.

Festival director Emma Murphy says "It's the largest self-guided wine tasting that there is across London. It's kind of the only event of its kind that we have over here. So we work with 125 bars, restaurants, independent merchants who all get involved" .

But although these flutes of fizz are English sparkling wine, much of the wine the festival goers here are tasting is from EU member states such as France, Spain, Portugal, Italy and Germany.

The June 23 referendum on whether to quit the European Union is fast approaching. So is this something the industry should fear?

"I wouldn't have said so," says Murphy.

"Wine trade has been going for long enough, even long before the euro, so I wouldn't have thought that would make much difference to be honest with you. Hopefully not anyway."

At the festival hub on London's Devonshire Square, there are pop-up bars featuring wines from across Europe.

These two young graduate trainees are enjoying wines from Portugal, and with their festival wristband, it costs them just five British Pounds for a flight of three.

Oscar Stenbom and Anna Rogers both agree that things may well be different if Britain leaves the union.

"If it's more expensive for them to send the wine here, if there's more tariffs, then yeah I guess it would be," says Anna, while Oscar is concerned about regulation and labelling:

"It would also be more difficult to know what you are drinking because there won't be as many restrictions on labelling the wine based on where it's actually from and the grape it's actually come from."

The New Street wine shop has been taken over by the wine festival. They sell wines from all over the world but today they are holding a tasting featuring wines from Ribera del Duero in northern Spain.

Most wine drinkers know about the region of Rioja, but Bettina Lemm is informing these festival goers about the region she represents.

"I think they (wines of Ribera del Duero) are still an emerging market, especially in the UK. The UK is an important market for Ribera del Duero, it's the seventh-largest export market for Ribera del Duero but I think that we're still establishing ourselves."

But if the UK is an important export market, is Brexit going to throw the proverbial spanner into the works? Lemm doesn't seem too worried "I think at the moment we're pretty confident as we've seen year to year that exports have grown. I think that's going to continue and I don't think it's a worry that we have at the moment," she says.

Wine used to have a rather old fashioned reputation and a comparatively elderly demographic, but this has changed enormously in recent years.

The prevalence of wine clubs popping up in the UK is an indicator of wine's increasing popularity.

Tom Harrow of Honest Grapes explains why this is "I think this is because people want to engage more with what's in the bottle. It's not just liquid, they want to know the stories behind it, they want to meet the people involved. And there's the sociable aspect, you know wine is fundamentally something which we do with other people," he says.

With 125 venues across the metropolis taking part in this festival, there's plenty of opportunity to enjoy it with friends.

But with such enthusiasm for wine spreading across the country, June 23 could bring disruption, according to Harrow "It's fair to say that we're a bit concerned about the possibilities of Brexit, I think the rising price of the euro against the pound will have a serious effect on quality wine. At the moment more than 60 percent of wine that comes into the UK is shipped in massive great tankers and bottled over here and that's not something we get involved with. But that becomes the only affordable way if the pound plummets against the euro. So I think that it won't be a good thing initially for the wine consumer because the prices of these small artisan wines will go up" .

However, the future might be bright in other, unexpected ways.

"All the English wine makers that I speak to say we are half a degree away from being a perfect climate for sparkling wines at least," says Harrow, and with apologies to climate change icon Al Gore, he adds that "global warming is a good thing for the UK sparkling wine trade."

Reports by the WSTA (Wine and Spirit Trade Association) suggest there is still some way to go as the UK comes in at number six on the list of sales of sparkling wine by origin - but it's rising year on year.

600 million bottles of wine are bottled in the UK.

This makes the UK wine market the sixth largest in the world, generating 173 billion British pounds of economic activity, according to the WSTA. 10 billion British pounds are made through sales.

Also being showcased here is one of the new kids on the alcohol block, Regal Rogue Vermouth.

According to brand founder Mark Ward, vermouth, by definition, is 75 percent wine. It must have wormwood and it must have an ABV (alcohol by volume) of 15 to 24 percent. These three things have to be in place for a producer to put vermouth on the bottle or it flouts recent EU regulations.

Ward, who was brought up in hospitality, began the project in Australia where he worked closely with top Australian chefs who introduced him to indigenous herbs and spices.

"It seemed like a really obvious thing to do, marrying the herbs and spices with this abundance of Australian wine to create a New World style of vermouth. And you know the tradition of vermouth is really led by the European markets. You know, Italian, French, now Spanish - but now there are vermouths coming out of America, the UK, Germany and obviously Australia. So pretty much anywhere where you find wine now, you will find a vermouth of some sort." he says.

Ward is attempting to educate the wine drinking market which, he believes, is mostly unaware of the fact that vermouth is fundamentally a wine.

This can only be helped by a new pop up for 2016, the Vermouth Bar.

The parent company of London Wine Week is the aptly named "Drink Up London", and they're already preparing for the 2017 event - Brexit or no Brexit.

LEAD IN:

UK wine industry experts are eyeing the upcoming vote on whether to leave the European Union with mixed feelings.

With producers and suppliers heavily reliant on pan-European trade, many remain unsure how Brexit will impact upon business.

STORY-LINE:

Sparkling wine on a summer's day in the English capital.

Glistening flutes and bottles in abundance, and a crowd of happy lunchtime drinkers add to the atmosphere of excitement and discovery, along with an impromptu game of ping pong.

It must be London Wine Week.

This is the third year of the festival, and this year is the most popular to date.

Festival director Emma Murphy says "It's the largest self-guided wine tasting that there is across London. It's kind of the only event of its kind that we have over here. So we work with 125 bars, restaurants, independent merchants who all get involved" .

But although these flutes of fizz are English sparkling wine, much of the wine the festival goers here are tasting is from EU member states such as France, Spain, Portugal, Italy and Germany.

The June 23 referendum on whether to quit the European Union is fast approaching. So is this something the industry should fear?

"I wouldn't have said so," says Murphy.

"Wine trade has been going for long enough, even long before the euro, so I wouldn't have thought that would make much difference to be honest with you. Hopefully not anyway."

At the festival hub on London's Devonshire Square, there are pop-up bars featuring wines from across Europe.

These two young graduate trainees are enjoying wines from Portugal, and with their festival wristband, it costs them just five British Pounds for a flight of three.

Oscar Stenbom and Anna Rogers both agree that things may well be different if Britain leaves the union.

"If it's more expensive for them to send the wine here, if there's more tariffs, then yeah I guess it would be," says Anna, while Oscar is concerned about regulation and labelling:

"It would also be more difficult to know what you are drinking because there won't be as many restrictions on labelling the wine based on where it's actually from and the grape it's actually come from."

The New Street wine shop has been taken over by the wine festival. They sell wines from all over the world but today they are holding a tasting featuring wines from Ribera del Duero in northern Spain.

Most wine drinkers know about the region of Rioja, but Bettina Lemm is informing these festival goers about the region she represents.

"I think they (wines of Ribera del Duero) are still an emerging market, especially in the UK. The UK is an important market for Ribera del Duero, it's the seventh-largest export market for Ribera del Duero but I think that we're still establishing ourselves."

But if the UK is an important export market, is Brexit going to throw the proverbial spanner into the works? Lemm doesn't seem too worried "I think at the moment we're pretty confident as we've seen year to year that exports have grown. I think that's going to continue and I don't think it's a worry that we have at the moment," she says.

Wine used to have a rather old fashioned reputation and a comparatively elderly demographic, but this has changed enormously in recent years.

The prevalence of wine clubs popping up in the UK is an indicator of wine's increasing popularity.

Tom Harrow of Honest Grapes explains why this is "I think this is because people want to engage more with what's in the bottle. It's not just liquid, they want to know the stories behind it, they want to meet the people involved. And there's the sociable aspect, you know wine is fundamentally something which we do with other people," he says.

With 125 venues across the metropolis taking part in this festival, there's plenty of opportunity to enjoy it with friends.

But with such enthusiasm for wine spreading across the country, June 23 could bring disruption, according to Harrow "It's fair to say that we're a bit concerned about the possibilities of Brexit, I think the rising price of the euro against the pound will have a serious effect on quality wine. At the moment more than 60 percent of wine that comes into the UK is shipped in massive great tankers and bottled over here and that's not something we get involved with. But that becomes the only affordable way if the pound plummets against the euro. So I think that it won't be a good thing initially for the wine consumer because the prices of these small artisan wines will go up" .

However, the future might be bright in other, unexpected ways.

"All the English wine makers that I speak to say we are half a degree away from being a perfect climate for sparkling wines at least," says Harrow, and with apologies to climate change icon Al Gore, he adds that "global warming is a good thing for the UK sparkling wine trade."

Reports by the WSTA (Wine and Spirit Trade Association) suggest there is still some way to go as the UK comes in at number six on the list of sales of sparkling wine by origin - but it's rising year on year.

600 million bottles of wine are bottled in the UK.

This makes the UK wine market the sixth largest in the world, generating 173 billion British pounds of economic activity, according to the WSTA. 10 billion British pounds are made through sales.

Also being showcased here is one of the new kids on the alcohol block, Regal Rogue Vermouth.

According to brand founder Mark Ward, vermouth, by definition, is 75 percent wine. It must have wormwood and it must have an ABV (alcohol by volume) of 15 to 24 percent. These three things have to be in place for a producer to put vermouth on the bottle or it flouts recent EU regulations.

Ward, who was brought up in hospitality, began the project in Australia where he worked closely with top Australian chefs who introduced him to indigenous herbs and spices.

"It seemed like a really obvious thing to do, marrying the herbs and spices with this abundance of Australian wine to create a New World style of vermouth. And you know the tradition of vermouth is really led by the European markets. You know, Italian, French, now Spanish - but now there are vermouths coming out of America, the UK, Germany and obviously Australia. So pretty much anywhere where you find wine now, you will find a vermouth of some sort." he says.

Ward is attempting to educate the wine drinking market which, he believes, is mostly unaware of the fact that vermouth is fundamentally a wine.

This can only be helped by a new pop up for 2016, the Vermouth Bar.

The parent company of London Wine Week is the aptly named "Drink Up London", and they're already preparing for the 2017 event - Brexit or no Brexit.

AP Television

London - 27 May 2016

1. Close of wine glasses

2. Bartender pouring sparkling wine

3. Tilt down on central courtyard at Devonshire Square, the hub for London Wine Week

4. Group of friends enjoying English sparkling wine

5. Men playing table tennis

6. Sign reading (English) "London Wine Week"

7. Set up shot of Emma Murphy, director of London Wine Week

8. SOUNDBITE (English) Emma Murphy, director of London Wine Week

"What's unique about it? It's the largest self-guided wine tasting that there is across London. It's kind of the only event of its kind that we have over here. So we work with 125 bars, restaurants, independent merchants who all get involved whether that's with offers, special menus or ticketed events across the week."

9. Two women with wine flight selection

10. SOUNDBITE (English) Emma Murphy, director of London Wine Week

(Responding to the question Do you think a Brexit will affect the wine industry negatively?)

"I wouldn't have said so, because I mean, I think, you know, wine trade has been going for long enough, even long before the euro, so I wouldn't have thought that would make much difference to be honest with you. Hopefully not anyway."

11. Sign reading (English) "Pop into our pop up wine bars"

12. Various of Portuguese wine pop up

13. Mid of graduate trainees in insurance Oscar Stenpom and Anna Rogers

14. Flight of Portuguese wines

15. SOUNDBITE (English) Oscar Stenbom and Anna Rogers, Insurance Graduate Trainees:

(Responding to question Do you think a Brexit will mean it will be more difficult for people to access quality wine?)

Stenbom: "Yes,"

Rogers: "I guess so, I mean if it's more expensive for them to send the wine here, if there's more tariffs, then yeah I guess it would be."

Stenbom: "It would also be more difficult to know what you're drinking, because there won't be as many restrictions on labelling the wine based on where it's actually from and the grape it's actually come from."

16. Pull focus of Spanish wine labels

17. Vintage bottles of fortified wine

18. Side view of Spanish wine bottles

19. Set up shot of Bettina Lemm with wines from Ribera del Duero in northern Spain

20. SOUNDBITE (English) Bettina Lemm, Westbury Communications (which represents the Ribera del Duero region in the UK):

"I think they (wines of Ribera del Duero) are still an emerging market, especially in the UK. The UK is an important market for Ribera del Duero, it's the seventh-largest export market for Ribera del Duero, but I think that we're still establishing ourselves. A lot of people know some big names from the region, and we're just trying to bring attention to some other grape producers who might not yet have the same recognition."

21. Close of wine labels

22. SOUNDBITE (English) Bettina Lemm, Westbury Communications (who represent the Ribera del Duero region in the UK):

(Responding to the question are you worried about the possibility of a Brexit affecting your export market?)

"I think at the moment we're pretty confident, as we've seen year to year that exports have grown. I think that's going to continue and I don't think it's a worry that we have at the moment."

23. Pan from mediaeval knight sculpture to pop up courtyard

24. Mid of Provence wines pop up

25. Establisher shot of Tom Harrow, wine director of Honest Grapes Wine Club

26. Close of Harrow eyeing the wine

27. SOUNDBITE (English) Tom Harrow, wine director of Honest Grapes:

"There's been a real rise in wine clubs in London and the UK generally of late, and I think this is because people want to engage more with what's in the bottle. It's not just liquid, they want to know the stories behind it, they want to meet the people involved. And there's the sociable aspect, you know wine is fundamentally something which we do with other people."

28. Mid of woman laughing over a glass of wine

29. SOUNDBITE (English) Tom Harrow, wine director of Honest Grapes:

"It's fair to say that we're a bit concerned about the possibilities of Brexit, I think the rising price of the euro against the pound will have a serious effect on quality wine. At the moment more than 60 percent of wine that comes into the UK is shipped in massive great tankers and then bottled over here and that's not something we get involved with. But that becomes the only affordable way if the pound plummets against the euro. So I think that it won't be a good thing initially for the wine consumer because the prices of these small artisan wines will go up."

30. Woman at table with wine

31. SOUNDBITE (English) Tom Harrow, wine director of Honest Grapes:

"All the English wine makers that I speak to say we are half a degree away from being a perfect climate for sparkling wines at least - and even the whites, and to an extent the reds are really coming up. So I have to say it - sorry Al Gore - global warming is a good thing for the UK sparkling wine trade."

32. Various of English rose and white sparkling wines

33. Vermouth being poured into a glass

34. Various of "Regal Rogue" Vermouth bottle

35. Tilt up of Mark Ward, founder of Regal Rogue vermouth, and his produce

36. SOUNDBITE (English) Mark Ward, founder of Regal Rogue vermouth:

"It seemed like a really obvious thing to do, marrying the herbs and spices with this abundance of Australian wine to create a New World style of vermouth. And you know the tradition of vermouth is really led by the European markets. You know, Italian, French, now Spanish - but now there are vermouths coming out of America, the UK, Germany and obviously Australia. So pretty much anywhere where you find wine now, you will find a vermouth of some sort."

37. Crowd of London Wine Week attendees at the Vermouth Bar

38. Mid of vermouth cocktails being made

39. Focus pull of sign reading (English) "Drink Up"

LENGTH: 6:02

LEAD IN:

Red, pink, white, sparkling wines and a variety of other alcoholic beverages are quenching the thirsts of visitors to the Hong Kong Vinexpo.

Scotch whisky makers are still buoyant about business opportunities despite worries of Brexit (British exit from the European Union) causing a possible tax hike.

STORY-LINE:

It's a wine lover's paradise.

More than 1,300 exhibitors from all over the world are showcasing a wide range of wines and spirits to people looking for something of higher class in their glass.

The Chairman of Vinexpo, Xavier de Eizaguirre, says there is a slowdown in wine consumption in Europe and China. However he says while people are drinking less volume, they are buying more expensive bottles.

"It's really a trend, in Europe the main producing countries such as France, Italy and Spain have been consuming wines for generations. Today we see a change in terms of consumption habits. People drink less than in the past, but they drink better. So obviously that has an impact on the overall amount of wines consumed, but it's a very positive impact in terms of quality and also in terms of economics, because they drink more expensive wines than before," he says.

Scotch whisky sales remain strong and have a loyal following from consumers worldwide. But there are some concerns about sales if Britain leaves the European Union.

Scottish distillery Duncan Taylor Scotch Whisky Limited, who have almost 8 decades of experience, wants the United Kingdom to stay in Europe.

The company's chairman Euan Shand is concerned about possible tax increases and export regulations if the June 23rd vote decides the UK will leave.

Europe accounts for 40 percent of the company's market sale.

"If taxes go too high, people might not buy so much Scotch whisky, but I think deep down, Europeans have got a great palate for Scotch whisky and I can't really imagine that they're going to stop drinking it," says Shand.

This year is the 300th anniversary of Italian's famous Chianti Classico appellation. As the world's largest wine producer in 2015, Italy has harvested 49.5 million hectolitres of wine last year, according to the International Organisation of Vine and Wine.

The Italian wine company Marchesi Antinori Srl which started making wine in 1385 has its wine farms in the Chianti region, making its signature Chianti Classico wines.

The company is now expanding into in Asia, concentrating on China.

The Vice President of Marchesi Antinori SPA, Albiera Antinori says: "Our major market is still Italy, with 35 percent (sales) followed by North America, then the rest of Europe. For us, at the moment, Asia (market) is still very small, it's about 6 percent of our production. I think China will need a little bit of time to get to know Italian wines, so we just need to come here more and have the wines tasted."

The Hong Kong Vinexpo runs 24-26 May 2016

LEAD IN:

Red, pink, white, sparkling wines and a variety of other alcoholic beverages are quenching the thirsts of visitors to the Hong Kong Vinexpo.

Scotch whisky makers are still buoyant about business opportunities despite worries of Brexit (British exit from the European Union) causing a possible tax hike.

STORY-LINE:

It's a wine lover's paradise.

More than 1,300 exhibitors from all over the world are showcasing a wide range of wines and spirits to people looking for something of higher class in their glass.

The Chairman of Vinexpo, Xavier de Eizaguirre, says there is a slowdown in wine consumption in Europe and China. However he says while people are drinking less volume, they are buying more expensive bottles.

"It's really a trend, in Europe the main producing countries such as France, Italy and Spain have been consuming wines for generations. Today we see a change in terms of consumption habits. People drink less than in the past, but they drink better. So obviously that has an impact on the overall amount of wines consumed, but it's a very positive impact in terms of quality and also in terms of economics, because they drink more expensive wines than before," he says.

Scotch whisky sales remain strong and have a loyal following from consumers worldwide. But there are some concerns about sales if Britain leaves the European Union.

Scottish distillery Duncan Taylor Scotch Whisky Limited, who have almost 8 decades of experience, wants the United Kingdom to stay in Europe.

The company's chairman Euan Shand is concerned about possible tax increases and export regulations if the June 23rd vote decides the UK will leave.

Europe accounts for 40 percent of the company's market sale.

"If taxes go too high, people might not buy so much Scotch whisky, but I think deep down, Europeans have got a great palate for Scotch whisky and I can't really imagine that they're going to stop drinking it," says Shand.

This year is the 300th anniversary of Italian's famous Chianti Classico appellation. As the world's largest wine producer in 2015, Italy has harvested 49.5 million hectolitres of wine last year, according to the International Organisation of Vine and Wine.

The Italian wine company Marchesi Antinori Srl which started making wine in 1385 has its wine farms in the Chianti region, making its signature Chianti Classico wines.

The company is now expanding into in Asia, concentrating on China.

The Vice President of Marchesi Antinori SPA, Albiera Antinori says: "Our major market is still Italy, with 35 percent (sales) followed by North America, then the rest of Europe. For us, at the moment, Asia (market) is still very small, it's about 6 percent of our production. I think China will need a little bit of time to get to know Italian wines, so we just need to come here more and have the wines tasted."

The Hong Kong Vinexpo runs 24-26 May 2016

Hong Kong, 24 May 2016

1. Close of glass of different wines

2. Tilt up of rose wines (Price: US $13.4 per bottle)

3. Mid of rose wine with gold (Price: US $200 per bottle)

4. Close of bottles of wines with gold

5. Pan to right of various Italian wines

6. Mid of woman next to wine bottles in different sizes

7. Mid of visitors and wines on shelf

8. Wide of Xavier de Eizaguirre, Chairman of Vinexpo shaking and smelling wine

9. Close of Xavier de Eizaguirre, Chairman of Vinexpo tasting wine

10. SOUNDBITE (English) Xavier de Eizaguirre, Chairman of Vinexpo:

"It's really a trend, in Europe the main producing countries such as France, Italy and Spain have been consuming wines for generations. Today we see a change in terms of consumption habits. People drink less than in the past, but they drink better. So obviously that has an impact on the overall amount of wines consumed, but it's a very positive impact in terms of quality and also in terms of economics, because they drink more expensive wines than before."

11. Mid of man smelling a glass of white wine

12. Mid of Echezeaux Grand Cru wine (Left) in limited production of 2,400 bottles only (Price: US $558 per bottle) and Corton Grand Cru wine (Right) in limited production of 2,000 bottles only (Price: US$558 per bottle)

13. Wide of Meursault-Genevrieres Premier Cru wine in limited production of 900 bottles only (Price: US$1339)

14. Pan to left from Slovakian wine booth to Scotch whisky booth

15. Mid of visitors in a Scotch whisky booth

16. Tilt up of Euan Shand holding a glass of Scotch whisky

17. Close of a glass of Scotch whisky

18. SOUNDBITE (English) Euan Shand, Chairman of Duncan Taylor Scotch Whisky Limited:

"I could imagine that, Scotch whisky is sold in over 200 countries worldwide. I don't think if there's split up between Britain and Europe that people would stop drinking Scotch whisky. I think there's relationships formed over hundreds and hundreds of years, so I cannot imagine it is going to make a huge dent to Scotch whisky, but it depends on taxation. It's a fickle world out there and if taxes go too high, people might not buy so much Scotch whisky, but I think deep down, Europeans have got a great palate for Scotch whisky and I can't really imagine that they're going to stop drinking it."

19. Close of two bottles of Scotch whisky (US$78 per bottle)

20. Close of a bottle of Scotch whisky made in 1975 (US$1751)

21. Pan to right of Italian wine booths

22. Close of Italian wines

23. Wide of an Italian wine booth

24. Mid of Albiera Antinori, Vice President of Marchesi Antinori SPA pouring wine into glass

25. Close of Albiera Antinori, Vice President of Marchesi Antinori SPA tasting wine

26. SOUNDBITE (English) Albiera Antinori, Vice President of Marchesi Antinori SPA:

"Our major market is still Italy, with 35 percent (sales) followed by North America, then the rest of Europe. For us, at the moment, Asia (market) is still very small, it's about 6 percent of our production. I think China will need a little bit of time to get to know Italian wines, so we just need to come here more and have the wines tasted."

27. Wine of various Italian wines

28. Close of Castel Del Monte Aglianico wine (Left) and Primitivo Salento wine (Right)

29. Mid of visitors

30. Tilt down from chandelier to wines on shelf

31. Mid of two men tasting wine

32. Mid of a wine tasting event

33. Close of man tasting wine

34. Shift focus of wine glasses

35. Wide of visitors

FOR CLEAN VERSION SEE STORY NUMBER: 4040960

LEAD IN

Britons are preparing to vote in a referendum on June 23rd on whether to remain in the European Union.

The last time there was such a vote was in 1975, when the UK was experiencing industrial action, political infighting, maxi skirts and the birth of David Beckham.

STORY-LINE :

In the early 1970s hemlines dropped as inflation grew and economic growth stagnated.

The happy carefree days of the swinging sixties seemed a world away, as angry punks took centre stage.

Jamie Oliver, Russell Brand and that symbol of turn of the century Britain, David Beckham, were all babes in arms in the year that Britain first voted on continued member ship of the EEC.

Brand was just one day old, having being born on June 4, a day before the poll.

In 1975 Microsoft was founded by 19 year old Bill gates and 22 year old Paul Allen, the company would help revolutionised our relationship with technology with its popualr line of personal computers.

Britain joined the European Economic Community, as the EU was then called, in 1973.

But it was a rocky union from the start and three years later Harold Wilson's Labour Party government held a referendum on membership in 5 June 1975.

Wilson had won the British general election on a platform that included a pledge to renegotiate the terms of British membership in the EEC, and the issue split his party.

Wilson led the successful referendum campaign that secured Britain's membership in the European Community under renegotiated terms of membership.

The new leader of the opposition Conservative party, Margaret Thatcher, also campaigned to remain in the European Union in 1975.

She later became prime minister between 1979 and 1990, and as prime minister she became known for her tough line with Brussels.

Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of the Institute of Historical Research at the University of London says the issue of Europe has long troubled British politicians.

"The parties has flipped and flopped over their views of Europe all the way through since the 1960s and in the early 1970s the Labour party was in a way as divided then as the Conservative party is today. "

In 1975 a majority of 67 percent said "yes" to the question: Do you think that the United Kingdom should remain part of the European Community ?

Though membership was secured, the divides within Labour didn't go away, with many leading Cabinet ministers viewing the EEC as incompatible with the aims of socialism.

That fissure, among others, would weaken Labour and pave the way for the election in 1979 of Margaret Thatcher's Conservatives.

Times were tough and globalisation threatend traditional British industry. The great powershouses of the industrial revolution were fading away. Industrial disputes were a common occurence.

"Many of the great industries which had been part of Britain's pioneering of the industrial revoultion were being hollowed out. We were pouring a lot of money into them because many of them were nationalised and the tax payer was paying hundreds of millions to keep things like shipbuilding and steel going, but unfortunately we were making the kind of goods that were too expensive and not that well designed and so our car industry for example began to fold" explains Goldman.

The industrial world gave way to a more serviced based economy. But the virtual marketplace was still a long way off says Dejan Sudjic, Director of London's Design Museum.

"The idea that you could have a computing power on your desk was extraordinary, furturistic and mad."

Life was still very traditional says Goldman, family lesiure in the 1970s meant a day at the beach.

"Still very traditional (lifestyle). Still very simple, obviously none of the technologies that we use to fill our time, people went for their holiday and their leisure locally to the seaside whereever that might be, whichever was closest to them. Foreign travel was still quite rare the package holiday was starting but it was really for the more wealthy people."

But a shadow hung in the air, as the threat of terrorism was spreading from neighbouring Ireland and the Middle East.

Irish republicans, who wanted a divided Ireland reunited and a British withdrawal from Northern Ireland, had begun targeting mainland Britian.

The pub bombings in Birmingham in 1974 killed 21 people.

" 1974 is the day or the year of the famous Birmingham pub bombings, that was the moment when we realised that terror wouldn't stay in Ulster (Northern Ireland) and Londonderry, it was going to come to London, Birmingham and other places on the mainland as well. Terrorism in the Middle East was also new it was brought home to us in the Munich Olympics in 1972, when terror of course leading to the deaths of athletes reminded us of how vunerable major events are. But all this was relatively new at the time and shocking because of that since then of course we have had to cope with it as almost kind of a normal part of life, the threat that is ever present."

During the 1972 Munich Games, eight Palestinian gunmen, members of the Black September militant group entered the Olympic Village and took Israeli team members hostage.

A day later, all 11 were dead.

The drama started before dawn on Sept. 5, 1972, when eight members of a Palestinian terrorist group called Black September clambered over the unguarded fence of the Olympic village.

Wearing track suits and carrying weapons concealed in athletics bags, they burst into the building where the Israeli team was staying, shooting dead wrestling coach Moshe Weinberg and weightlifter Yossi Romano.

Some Israeli athletes slipped through a back door but nine were seized and tied to furniture. The terrorists demanded the release of more than 200 Palestinians held by Israel.

After a day of tense negotiations, the terrorists and their hostages were allowed to leave aboard two helicopters for the Fuerstenfeldbruck military airfield 16 miles away. The terrorists were promised a plane and safe passage to Cairo, Egypt.

Sharpshooters at the airfield opened fire as the terrorists and the hostages prepared to board a Lufthansa jet.

The guerrillas tossed grenades at the hostages, and one of the helicopters was blown up by a terrorist grenade. When the fighting died down, all nine Israeli captives were dead, along with five of their captors and one German policeman.

In the seventies the Soviet American space race was still underway...but by 1975 it had become more co-operative.

Goldman says "If you grew up in the 1960s and early 1970s space was a very exciting element of the kind of public discourse of television and the media of the age because both the Americans and the Soviets were involved in competition to put a man on the moon and develop space through satellites and so forth"

In July 1975, an American Apollo spaceship docked with a Soviet Soyuz spacecraft in orbit in the first superpower link-up of its kind.

The three-man American Apollo crew docked with a two-member Soviet team in Soyuz and the five conducted the first international manned experiments in space.

Today international teams of astronauts and cosmonauts collaborate onboard the International Space Station high above the earth.

One of the major themes of the current referendum debate is immigration.

The 1960s and 1970s saw large numbers of people moving to Britain from former colonies.

"Immigration was already an issue in Britain. It had been since the mid and late 1960s, so it is not as if some of the questions we are debating today are wholly new..far from it." adds Goldman.

West Indians, people from the English-speaking Caribbean, came mainly in the late 1950s and early 1960s, mostly for jobs in public transport. Asian immigration peaked in the 1970s.

Immigrants included Asians from East Africa, fleeing from or expelled by countries that had gained independence from Britain. The largest single group was 27,000 Asians, who were among 70,000 Asians expelled and their property seized by dictator Idi Amin in Uganda in 1972.

The non-white population, excluding those born in Britain, was 418,000 in the 1961 government census and 930,000 in the 1971 count.

Today 8 million people or 14% of the UK population belong to an ethnic minority according to 'A Portrait of Modern Britain' published in 2014 by Policy Exchange, a UK based think tank. The report added that most ethnic people live in urban areas.

In the early 1970s Britain's class system exerted more control over people's lives than now and Europe was another place - an expensive flight or ferry journey away.

Sudjic says times have changed and today the British are less frightened of foreign food and habits.

"The things that we eat, the things we have in our home have been transformed utterly. Britain was suspicious of something called garlic in those days, we drank more beer than we drink wine. Britain was still finding that France was full of exotic stuff like snails and onions. We have embraced all that."

Today Paris is a short (ish) train journey away, Londoners can nip off to the French capital for lunch at a boulveard cafe on the Champs Elysee.

Will Britons continued that awkward embrace or unfriend their neighbours across the sea ?

The EU referendum takes place on June 23, 2016.

FOR CLEAN VERSION SEE STORY NUMBER: 4040960

LEAD IN

Britons are preparing to vote in a referendum on June 23rd on whether to remain in the European Union.

The last time there was such a vote was in 1975, when the UK was experiencing industrial action, political infighting, maxi skirts and the birth of David Beckham.

STORY-LINE :

In the early 1970s hemlines dropped as inflation grew and economic growth stagnated.

The happy carefree days of the swinging sixties seemed a world away, as angry punks took centre stage.

Jamie Oliver, Russell Brand and that symbol of turn of the century Britain, David Beckham, were all babes in arms in the year that Britain first voted on continued member ship of the EEC.

Brand was just one day old, having being born on June 4, a day before the poll.

In 1975 Microsoft was founded by 19 year old Bill gates and 22 year old Paul Allen, the company would help revolutionised our relationship with technology with its popualr line of personal computers.

Britain joined the European Economic Community, as the EU was then called, in 1973.

But it was a rocky union from the start and three years later Harold Wilson's Labour Party government held a referendum on membership in 5 June 1975.

Wilson had won the British general election on a platform that included a pledge to renegotiate the terms of British membership in the EEC, and the issue split his party.

Wilson led the successful referendum campaign that secured Britain's membership in the European Community under renegotiated terms of membership.

The new leader of the opposition Conservative party, Margaret Thatcher, also campaigned to remain in the European Union in 1975.

She later became prime minister between 1979 and 1990, and as prime minister she became known for her tough line with Brussels.

Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of the Institute of Historical Research at the University of London says the issue of Europe has long troubled British politicians.

"The parties has flipped and flopped over their views of Europe all the way through since the 1960s and in the early 1970s the Labour party was in a way as divided then as the Conservative party is today. "

In 1975 a majority of 67 percent said "yes" to the question: Do you think that the United Kingdom should remain part of the European Community ?

Though membership was secured, the divides within Labour didn't go away, with many leading Cabinet ministers viewing the EEC as incompatible with the aims of socialism.

That fissure, among others, would weaken Labour and pave the way for the election in 1979 of Margaret Thatcher's Conservatives.

Times were tough and globalisation threatend traditional British industry. The great powershouses of the industrial revolution were fading away. Industrial disputes were a common occurence.

"Many of the great industries which had been part of Britain's pioneering of the industrial revoultion were being hollowed out. We were pouring a lot of money into them because many of them were nationalised and the tax payer was paying hundreds of millions to keep things like shipbuilding and steel going, but unfortunately we were making the kind of goods that were too expensive and not that well designed and so our car industry for example began to fold" explains Goldman.

The industrial world gave way to a more serviced based economy. But the virtual marketplace was still a long way off says Dejan Sudjic, Director of London's Design Museum.

"The idea that you could have a computing power on your desk was extraordinary, furturistic and mad."

Life was still very traditional says Goldman, family lesiure in the 1970s meant a day at the beach.

"Still very traditional (lifestyle). Still very simple, obviously none of the technologies that we use to fill our time, people went for their holiday and their leisure locally to the seaside whereever that might be, whichever was closest to them. Foreign travel was still quite rare the package holiday was starting but it was really for the more wealthy people."

But a shadow hung in the air, as the threat of terrorism was spreading from neighbouring Ireland and the Middle East.

Irish republicans, who wanted a divided Ireland reunited and a British withdrawal from Northern Ireland, had begun targeting mainland Britian.

The pub bombings in Birmingham in 1974 killed 21 people.

" 1974 is the day or the year of the famous Birmingham pub bombings, that was the moment when we realised that terror wouldn't stay in Ulster (Northern Ireland) and Londonderry, it was going to come to London, Birmingham and other places on the mainland as well. Terrorism in the Middle East was also new it was brought home to us in the Munich Olympics in 1972, when terror of course leading to the deaths of athletes reminded us of how vunerable major events are. But all this was relatively new at the time and shocking because of that since then of course we have had to cope with it as almost kind of a normal part of life, the threat that is ever present."

During the 1972 Munich Games, eight Palestinian gunmen, members of the Black September militant group entered the Olympic Village and took Israeli team members hostage.

A day later, all 11 were dead.

The drama started before dawn on Sept. 5, 1972, when eight members of a Palestinian terrorist group called Black September clambered over the unguarded fence of the Olympic village.

Wearing track suits and carrying weapons concealed in athletics bags, they burst into the building where the Israeli team was staying, shooting dead wrestling coach Moshe Weinberg and weightlifter Yossi Romano.

Some Israeli athletes slipped through a back door but nine were seized and tied to furniture. The terrorists demanded the release of more than 200 Palestinians held by Israel.

After a day of tense negotiations, the terrorists and their hostages were allowed to leave aboard two helicopters for the Fuerstenfeldbruck military airfield 16 miles away. The terrorists were promised a plane and safe passage to Cairo, Egypt.

Sharpshooters at the airfield opened fire as the terrorists and the hostages prepared to board a Lufthansa jet.

The guerrillas tossed grenades at the hostages, and one of the helicopters was blown up by a terrorist grenade. When the fighting died down, all nine Israeli captives were dead, along with five of their captors and one German policeman.

In the seventies the Soviet American space race was still underway...but by 1975 it had become more co-operative.

Goldman says "If you grew up in the 1960s and early 1970s space was a very exciting element of the kind of public discourse of television and the media of the age because both the Americans and the Soviets were involved in competition to put a man on the moon and develop space through satellites and so forth"

In July 1975, an American Apollo spaceship docked with a Soviet Soyuz spacecraft in orbit in the first superpower link-up of its kind.

The three-man American Apollo crew docked with a two-member Soviet team in Soyuz and the five conducted the first international manned experiments in space.

Today international teams of astronauts and cosmonauts collaborate onboard the International Space Station high above the earth.

One of the major themes of the current referendum debate is immigration.

The 1960s and 1970s saw large numbers of people moving to Britain from former colonies.

"Immigration was already an issue in Britain. It had been since the mid and late 1960s, so it is not as if some of the questions we are debating today are wholly new..far from it." adds Goldman.

West Indians, people from the English-speaking Caribbean, came mainly in the late 1950s and early 1960s, mostly for jobs in public transport. Asian immigration peaked in the 1970s.

Immigrants included Asians from East Africa, fleeing from or expelled by countries that had gained independence from Britain. The largest single group was 27,000 Asians, who were among 70,000 Asians expelled and their property seized by dictator Idi Amin in Uganda in 1972.

The non-white population, excluding those born in Britain, was 418,000 in the 1961 government census and 930,000 in the 1971 count.

Today 8 million people or 14% of the UK population belong to an ethnic minority according to 'A Portrait of Modern Britain' published in 2014 by Policy Exchange, a UK based think tank. The report added that most ethnic people live in urban areas.

In the early 1970s Britain's class system exerted more control over people's lives than now and Europe was another place - an expensive flight or ferry journey away.

Sudjic says times have changed and today the British are less frightened of foreign food and habits.

"The things that we eat, the things we have in our home have been transformed utterly. Britain was suspicious of something called garlic in those days, we drank more beer than we drink wine. Britain was still finding that France was full of exotic stuff like snails and onions. We have embraced all that."

Today Paris is a short (ish) train journey away, Londoners can nip off to the French capital for lunch at a boulveard cafe on the Champs Elysee.

Will Britons continued that awkward embrace or unfriend their neighbours across the sea ?

The EU referendum takes place on June 23, 2016.

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, April 3, 1973 (MUTE)

++4:3++

1. Mid of model wearing brown suit by Mary Quant

2. Mid of model wearing turquoise wool skirt by Donegal Designs

3. Mid of model wearing printed chiffon evening dress by Ossie Clark

AP TELEVISION

United States (no exact date and location available)

January 9, 1978

++4:3++

4. Punk group (Sex Pistols) playing and singing.

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, February 18, 2004

++4:3++

5. Jennifer Aniston, poses with Jamie Oliver and his wife Jools at a film premiere

AP TELEVISION

New York, 9 September 2014

6. Various shots David Beckham at clothes event

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, 26 March 2015

7. Arrival of Russell Brand at an event

AP TELEVISION

Rome, Italy, 3 September 1995

++4:3++

8. Bill Gates enters conference room

AP IMAGES

9. In this 1984 file photo, Bill Gates, founder and chairman of Microsoft Corp., is shown.

AP TELEVISION

Rome, Italy, 3 September 1995

++4:3++

10. Close-up Gates

AP TELEVISION

no exact dates or locations available, UK 1974

++4:3++

11. Various of shoppers and supermarkets

12. Cars on London street

13. Harold Wilson and wife pose for press at country home.

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 3, 1975 (MUTE)

++4:3++

14. Mid of Margaret Thatcher wearing a flags-of-Europe sweater, flanked by women also wearing pro-Europe sweaters

15. Mid of Thatcher trying to light a candle / torch

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 9, 2016

++16:9++

16. Set up Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of Institute of Historical Research, University of London

17. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of Institute of Historical Research, University of London

"The parties has flipped and flopped over their views of Europe all the way through since the 1960s and in the early 1970s the Labour party was in its way as divided then as the conservative party is today. "

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, April 26, 1975

++4:3++

18. Wide of Labour Party Conference

19. Harold Wilson addressing conference

UPSOUND : (English) Harold Wilson, Labour Party Leader and Prime Minister in 1975

" On this very fundamental test I know I will not convince those who take a different view, nor will they convince me in the light of my practical experience. But I believe it will be on this question above all others that a decision is finally taken by the people as a whole." Cutaway Michael Foot MP.

AP TELEVISION

United Kingdom, Feburary 10, 1974 - no exact location available (MUTE)

++4:3++

20. Various of non functioning coal mine during national coal strike

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 9, 2016

++16:9++

21. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of Institute of Historical Research, University of London

"Many of the great industries which had been part of Britain's pioneering of the industrial revoultion were being hollowed out. We were pouring a lot of money into them because many of them were nationalised, and the tax payer was paying hundreds of millions to keep things like shipbuilding and steel going, but unfortunately we were making the kind of goods that were too expensive and not that well designed and so our car industry for example began to fold."

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, September 24, 1973 (MUTE)

++4:3++

22. Ford workers walking out of various plants

23. Wide of Ford cars on train

24. Wide entrance to a Ford plant, minimal activity

25. Mid sign Gate 1 Engine Plant

26. Tracking shot along halted production line of Ford engines

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 9, 2016

++16:9++

27. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dejan Sudjic, Director of Design Museum

" Computers were still the size of a room. The idea that you could have a computing power on your desk would have seemed extraordinary, furturistic and mad."

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 3, 1975 (MUTE)

++4:3++

28. Various of people in an office

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 9, 2016

++16:9++

29. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of Institute of Historical Research, University of London

"Still very traditional (lifestyle). Still very simple, obviously none of the technologies that we use to fill our time, people went for their holiday and their leisure locally to the seaside whereever that might be, whichever was closest to them. Foreign travel was still quite rare the package holiday was starting but it was really for the more wealthy people."

AP TELEVISION

Bournemouth, United Kingdom (undated 1973) (MUTE)

++4:3++

30. Various of people at the seaside

AP PHOTOS - NO ACCESS CANADA/BROADCAST USE ONLY/STRICTLY NO ACCESS ONLINE OR MOBILE

Birmingham, United Kingdom, 22 November 1974

31. STILL showing a general view of wreckage inside The Mulberry Bush public house, one of two pubs bombed in Birmingham in 1974

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, December 27, 1973 (MUTE)

++4:3++

32. Various of aftermath of IRA bombing of Stevedore pub

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 9, 2016

++16:9++

33. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of Institute of Historical Research, University of London

" 1974 is the day or the year of the famous Birmingham pub bombings, that was the moment when we realised that terror wouldn't stay in Ulster (Northern Ireland) and Londonderry, it was going to come to London, Birmingham and other places on the mainland as well. Terrorism in the Middle East was also new it was brought home to us in the Munich Olympics in 1972, when terror of course leading to the deaths of athletes reminded us of how vunerable major events were. But all this was relatively new at the time and shocking because of that since then of course we have had to cope with it as almost kind of a normal part of life, the threat that is ever present."

AP IMAGES

34. In this Sept. 5, 1972, file photo, a member of the Arab Commando group which seized members of the Israeli Olympic Team at their quarters at the Munich Olympic Village appears with a hood over his face on the balcony of the village building where the commandos held several members of the Israeli team hostage.

35. West German policemen wearing sweatsuits, bullet-proof vests and armed with submachine guns, take up positions on September 5, 1972 on Olympic Village rooftops where armed Palestine commandos were holding Israeli team members hostage

36. Ankie Spitzer, widow of the Israeli fencing coach, Andre Spitzer, who was slain by Arab terrorists Sept. 5, surveys the room where the incident occurred at Munich's Olympic Village in West Germany on Sept. 8, 1972. The chalk circles on the wall were made by West German police to trace the impact of the bullets.

NASA

Date and location unknown (1975)

++4:3++

37. Rocket launch

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 9, 2016

++16:9++

38. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of Institute of Historical Research, University of London

"If you grew up in the 1960s and early 1970s space was a very exciting element of the kind of public discourse of the television and the media of the age because both the Americans and the Soviets were involved in competition to put a man on the moon and to develop space through satellites and so forth"

NASA

Date and location unknown (1975)

++4:3++

39. Soyuz and Apollo join together, astronauts and cosmonauts meet

AP TELEVISION (MUTE)

no exact dates or locations available, UK 1974

++4:3++

40. Wide of building site

41. Man working on building site

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 9, 2016

++16:9++

42. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of Institute of Historical Research, University of London

"Immigration was already an issue in Britain. It had been since the mid and late 1960s, so it is not as if some of the questions we are debating today are wholly new..far from it."

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, September 24, 1973 (MUTE)

++4:3++

43. Various men take part in industrial action at Ford plant, ethnic minorities amongst them

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, April 30, 1973 (MUTE)

++4:3++

44. Various of rail station during national strike

45. Various of street scenes, buses

AP TELEVISION

Ascot, United Kingdom, June 17, 1974 (MUTE)

++4:3++

46. The Queen in a carriage

47. Wide of racegoers in top hats

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 9, 2016

++16:9++

48. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dejan Sudjic, Director of Design Museum

"The things that we eat, the things we have in our home have been transformed utterly. Britain was suspicious of something called garlic in those days, we drank more beer than we drink wine. People were still finding that France was exotic, full of dangerous stuff like snails and onions. We have embraced all that."

AP TELEVISION

Cannes, France - May 11 1973 (MUTE)

++4:3++

49. Various of Cannes

50. Mid tilt up of woman sunbathing

AP TELEVISION

Paris, France - October 20, 1970 (MUTE)

++4:3++

51. Wide of Eiffel Tower

AP TELEVISION

Paris, France - July 26, 1975 (MUTE)

++4:3++

52. Various of models showing off clothes by designer Ted Lapidus on Parisian street at boulevard cafe

LEAD IN

Britons are preparing to vote in a referendum on June 23rd on whether to remain in the European Union.

The last time there was such a vote was in 1975, when the UK was experiencing industrial action, political infighting, maxi skirts and the birth of David Beckham.

STORY-LINE :

In the early 1970s hemlines dropped as inflation grew and economic growth stagnated.

The happy carefree days of the swinging sixties seemed a world away, as angry punks took centre stage.

Jamie Oliver, Russell Brand and that symbol of turn of the century Britain, David Beckham, were all babes in arms in the year that Britain first voted on continued member ship of the EEC.

Brand was just one day old, having being born on June 4, a day before the poll.

In 1975 Microsoft was founded by 19 year old Bill gates and 22 year old Paul Allen, the company would help revolutionised our relationship with technology with its popualr line of personal computers.

Britain joined the European Economic Community, as the EU was then called, in 1973.

But it was a rocky union from the start and three years later Harold Wilson's Labour Party government held a referendum on membership in 5 June 1975.

Wilson had won the British general election on a platform that included a pledge to renegotiate the terms of British membership in the EEC, and the issue split his party.

Wilson led the successful referendum campaign that secured Britain's membership in the European Community under renegotiated terms of membership.

The new leader of the opposition Conservative party, Margaret Thatcher, also campaigned to remain in the European Union in 1975.

She later became prime minister between 1979 and 1990, and as prime minister she became known for her tough line with Brussels.

Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of the Institute of Historical Research at the University of London says the issue of Europe has long troubled British politicians.

"The parties has flipped and flopped over their views of Europe all the way through since the 1960s and in the early 1970s the Labour party was in a way as divided then as the Conservative party is today. "

In 1975 a majority of 67 percent said "yes" to the question: Do you think that the United Kingdom should remain part of the European Community ?

Though membership was secured, the divides within Labour didn't go away, with many leading Cabinet ministers viewing the EEC as incompatible with the aims of socialism.

That fissure, among others, would weaken Labour and pave the way for the election in 1979 of Margaret Thatcher's Conservatives.

Times were tough and globalisation threatend traditional British industry. The great powershouses of the industrial revolution were fading away. Industrial disputes were a common occurence.

"Many of the great industries which had been part of Britain's pioneering of the industrial revoultion were being hollowed out. We were pouring a lot of money into them because many of them were nationalised and the tax payer was paying hundreds of millions to keep things like shipbuilding and steel going, but unfortunately we were making the kind of goods that were too expensive and not that well designed and so our car industry for example began to fold" explains Goldman.

The industrial world gave way to a more serviced based economy. But the virtual marketplace was still a long way off says Dejan Sudjic, Director of London's Design Museum.

"The idea that you could have a computing power on your desk was extraordinary, furturistic and mad."

Life was still very traditional says Goldman, family lesiure in the 1970s meant a day at the beach.

"Still very traditional (lifestyle). Still very simple, obviously none of the technologies that we use to fill our time, people went for their holiday and their leisure locally to the seaside whereever that might be, whichever was closest to them. Foreign travel was still quite rare the package holiday was starting but it was really for the more wealthy people."

But a shadow hung in the air, as the threat of terrorism was spreading from neighbouring Ireland and the Middle East.

Irish republicans, who wanted a divided Ireland reunited and a British withdrawal from Northern Ireland, had begun targeting mainland Britian.

The pub bombings in Birmingham in 1974 killed 21 people.

" 1974 is the day or the year of the famous Birmingham pub bombings, that was the moment when we realised that terror wouldn't stay in Ulster (Northern Ireland) and Londonderry, it was going to come to London, Birmingham and other places on the mainland as well. Terrorism in the Middle East was also new it was brought home to us in the Munich Olympics in 1972, when terror of course leading to the deaths of athletes reminded us of how vunerable major events are. But all this was relatively new at the time and shocking because of that since then of course we have had to cope with it as almost kind of a normal part of life, the threat that is ever present."

During the 1972 Munich Games, eight Palestinian gunmen, members of the Black September militant group entered the Olympic Village and took Israeli team members hostage.

A day later, all 11 were dead.

The drama started before dawn on Sept. 5, 1972, when eight members of a Palestinian terrorist group called Black September clambered over the unguarded fence of the Olympic village.

Wearing track suits and carrying weapons concealed in athletics bags, they burst into the building where the Israeli team was staying, shooting dead wrestling coach Moshe Weinberg and weightlifter Yossi Romano.

Some Israeli athletes slipped through a back door but nine were seized and tied to furniture. The terrorists demanded the release of more than 200 Palestinians held by Israel.

After a day of tense negotiations, the terrorists and their hostages were allowed to leave aboard two helicopters for the Fuerstenfeldbruck military airfield 16 miles away. The terrorists were promised a plane and safe passage to Cairo, Egypt.

Sharpshooters at the airfield opened fire as the terrorists and the hostages prepared to board a Lufthansa jet.

The guerrillas tossed grenades at the hostages, and one of the helicopters was blown up by a terrorist grenade. When the fighting died down, all nine Israeli captives were dead, along with five of their captors and one German policeman.

In the seventies the Soviet American space race was still underway...but by 1975 it had become more co-operative.

Goldman says "If you grew up in the 1960s and early 1970s space was a very exciting element of the kind of public discourse of television and the media of the age because both the Americans and the Soviets were involved in competition to put a man on the moon and develop space through satellites and so forth"

In July 1975, an American Apollo spaceship docked with a Soviet Soyuz spacecraft in orbit in the first superpower link-up of its kind.

The three-man American Apollo crew docked with a two-member Soviet team in Soyuz and the five conducted the first international manned experiments in space.

Today international teams of astronauts and cosmonauts collaborate onboard the International Space Station high above the earth.

One of the major themes of the current referendum debate is immigration.

The 1960s and 1970s saw large numbers of people moving to Britain from former colonies.

"Immigration was already an issue in Britain. It had been since the mid and late 1960s, so it is not as if some of the questions we are debating today are wholly new..far from it." adds Goldman.

West Indians, people from the English-speaking Caribbean, came mainly in the late 1950s and early 1960s, mostly for jobs in public transport. Asian immigration peaked in the 1970s.

Immigrants included Asians from East Africa, fleeing from or expelled by countries that had gained independence from Britain. The largest single group was 27,000 Asians, who were among 70,000 Asians expelled and their property seized by dictator Idi Amin in Uganda in 1972.

The non-white population, excluding those born in Britain, was 418,000 in the 1961 government census and 930,000 in the 1971 count.

Today 8 million people or 14% of the UK population belong to an ethnic minority according to 'A Portrait of Modern Britain' published in 2014 by Policy Exchange, a UK based think tank. The report added that most ethnic people live in urban areas.

In the early 1970s Britain's class system exerted more control over people's lives than now and Europe was another place - an expensive flight or ferry journey away.

Sudjic says times have changed and today the British are less frightened of foreign food and habits.

"The things that we eat, the things we have in our home have been transformed utterly. Britain was suspicious of something called garlic in those days, we drank more beer than we drink wine. Britain was still finding that France was full of exotic stuff like snails and onions. We have embraced all that."

Today Paris is a short (ish) train journey away, Londoners can nip off to the French capital for lunch at a boulveard cafe on the Champs Elysee.

Will Britons continued that awkward embrace or unfriend their neighbours across the sea ?

The EU referendum takes place on June 23, 2016.

LEAD IN

Britons are preparing to vote in a referendum on June 23rd on whether to remain in the European Union.

The last time there was such a vote was in 1975, when the UK was experiencing industrial action, political infighting, maxi skirts and the birth of David Beckham.

STORY-LINE :

In the early 1970s hemlines dropped as inflation grew and economic growth stagnated.

The happy carefree days of the swinging sixties seemed a world away, as angry punks took centre stage.

Jamie Oliver, Russell Brand and that symbol of turn of the century Britain, David Beckham, were all babes in arms in the year that Britain first voted on continued member ship of the EEC.

Brand was just one day old, having being born on June 4, a day before the poll.

In 1975 Microsoft was founded by 19 year old Bill gates and 22 year old Paul Allen, the company would help revolutionised our relationship with technology with its popualr line of personal computers.

Britain joined the European Economic Community, as the EU was then called, in 1973.

But it was a rocky union from the start and three years later Harold Wilson's Labour Party government held a referendum on membership in 5 June 1975.

Wilson had won the British general election on a platform that included a pledge to renegotiate the terms of British membership in the EEC, and the issue split his party.

Wilson led the successful referendum campaign that secured Britain's membership in the European Community under renegotiated terms of membership.

The new leader of the opposition Conservative party, Margaret Thatcher, also campaigned to remain in the European Union in 1975.

She later became prime minister between 1979 and 1990, and as prime minister she became known for her tough line with Brussels.

Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of the Institute of Historical Research at the University of London says the issue of Europe has long troubled British politicians.

"The parties has flipped and flopped over their views of Europe all the way through since the 1960s and in the early 1970s the Labour party was in a way as divided then as the Conservative party is today. "

In 1975 a majority of 67 percent said "yes" to the question: Do you think that the United Kingdom should remain part of the European Community ?

Though membership was secured, the divides within Labour didn't go away, with many leading Cabinet ministers viewing the EEC as incompatible with the aims of socialism.

That fissure, among others, would weaken Labour and pave the way for the election in 1979 of Margaret Thatcher's Conservatives.

Times were tough and globalisation threatend traditional British industry. The great powershouses of the industrial revolution were fading away. Industrial disputes were a common occurence.

"Many of the great industries which had been part of Britain's pioneering of the industrial revoultion were being hollowed out. We were pouring a lot of money into them because many of them were nationalised and the tax payer was paying hundreds of millions to keep things like shipbuilding and steel going, but unfortunately we were making the kind of goods that were too expensive and not that well designed and so our car industry for example began to fold" explains Goldman.

The industrial world gave way to a more serviced based economy. But the virtual marketplace was still a long way off says Dejan Sudjic, Director of London's Design Museum.

"The idea that you could have a computing power on your desk was extraordinary, furturistic and mad."

Life was still very traditional says Goldman, family lesiure in the 1970s meant a day at the beach.

"Still very traditional (lifestyle). Still very simple, obviously none of the technologies that we use to fill our time, people went for their holiday and their leisure locally to the seaside whereever that might be, whichever was closest to them. Foreign travel was still quite rare the package holiday was starting but it was really for the more wealthy people."

But a shadow hung in the air, as the threat of terrorism was spreading from neighbouring Ireland and the Middle East.

Irish republicans, who wanted a divided Ireland reunited and a British withdrawal from Northern Ireland, had begun targeting mainland Britian.

The pub bombings in Birmingham in 1974 killed 21 people.

" 1974 is the day or the year of the famous Birmingham pub bombings, that was the moment when we realised that terror wouldn't stay in Ulster (Northern Ireland) and Londonderry, it was going to come to London, Birmingham and other places on the mainland as well. Terrorism in the Middle East was also new it was brought home to us in the Munich Olympics in 1972, when terror of course leading to the deaths of athletes reminded us of how vunerable major events are. But all this was relatively new at the time and shocking because of that since then of course we have had to cope with it as almost kind of a normal part of life, the threat that is ever present."

During the 1972 Munich Games, eight Palestinian gunmen, members of the Black September militant group entered the Olympic Village and took Israeli team members hostage.

A day later, all 11 were dead.

The drama started before dawn on Sept. 5, 1972, when eight members of a Palestinian terrorist group called Black September clambered over the unguarded fence of the Olympic village.

Wearing track suits and carrying weapons concealed in athletics bags, they burst into the building where the Israeli team was staying, shooting dead wrestling coach Moshe Weinberg and weightlifter Yossi Romano.

Some Israeli athletes slipped through a back door but nine were seized and tied to furniture. The terrorists demanded the release of more than 200 Palestinians held by Israel.

After a day of tense negotiations, the terrorists and their hostages were allowed to leave aboard two helicopters for the Fuerstenfeldbruck military airfield 16 miles away. The terrorists were promised a plane and safe passage to Cairo, Egypt.

Sharpshooters at the airfield opened fire as the terrorists and the hostages prepared to board a Lufthansa jet.

The guerrillas tossed grenades at the hostages, and one of the helicopters was blown up by a terrorist grenade. When the fighting died down, all nine Israeli captives were dead, along with five of their captors and one German policeman.

In the seventies the Soviet American space race was still underway...but by 1975 it had become more co-operative.

Goldman says "If you grew up in the 1960s and early 1970s space was a very exciting element of the kind of public discourse of television and the media of the age because both the Americans and the Soviets were involved in competition to put a man on the moon and develop space through satellites and so forth"

In July 1975, an American Apollo spaceship docked with a Soviet Soyuz spacecraft in orbit in the first superpower link-up of its kind.

The three-man American Apollo crew docked with a two-member Soviet team in Soyuz and the five conducted the first international manned experiments in space.

Today international teams of astronauts and cosmonauts collaborate onboard the International Space Station high above the earth.

One of the major themes of the current referendum debate is immigration.

The 1960s and 1970s saw large numbers of people moving to Britain from former colonies.

"Immigration was already an issue in Britain. It had been since the mid and late 1960s, so it is not as if some of the questions we are debating today are wholly new..far from it." adds Goldman.

West Indians, people from the English-speaking Caribbean, came mainly in the late 1950s and early 1960s, mostly for jobs in public transport. Asian immigration peaked in the 1970s.

Immigrants included Asians from East Africa, fleeing from or expelled by countries that had gained independence from Britain. The largest single group was 27,000 Asians, who were among 70,000 Asians expelled and their property seized by dictator Idi Amin in Uganda in 1972.

The non-white population, excluding those born in Britain, was 418,000 in the 1961 government census and 930,000 in the 1971 count.

Today 8 million people or 14% of the UK population belong to an ethnic minority according to 'A Portrait of Modern Britain' published in 2014 by Policy Exchange, a UK based think tank. The report added that most ethnic people live in urban areas.

In the early 1970s Britain's class system exerted more control over people's lives than now and Europe was another place - an expensive flight or ferry journey away.

Sudjic says times have changed and today the British are less frightened of foreign food and habits.

"The things that we eat, the things we have in our home have been transformed utterly. Britain was suspicious of something called garlic in those days, we drank more beer than we drink wine. Britain was still finding that France was full of exotic stuff like snails and onions. We have embraced all that."

Today Paris is a short (ish) train journey away, Londoners can nip off to the French capital for lunch at a boulveard cafe on the Champs Elysee.

Will Britons continued that awkward embrace or unfriend their neighbours across the sea ?

The EU referendum takes place on June 23, 2016.

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, April 3, 1973 (MUTE)

++4:3++

1. Mid of model wearing brown suit by Mary Quant

2. Mid of model wearing turquoise wool skirt by Donegal Designs

3. Mid of model wearing printed chiffon evening dress by Ossie Clark

AP TELEVISION

United States (no exact date and location available)

January 9, 1978

++4:3++

4. Punk group (Sex Pistols) playing and singing.

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, February 18, 2004

++4:3++

5. Jennifer Aniston, poses with Jamie Oliver and his wife Jools at a film premiere

AP TELEVISION

New York, 9 September 2014

6. Various shots David Beckham at clothes event

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, 26 March 2015

7. Arrival of Russell Brand at an event

AP TELEVISION

Rome, Italy, 3 September 1995

++4:3++

8. Bill Gates enters conference room

AP IMAGES

9. In this 1984 file photo, Bill Gates, founder and chairman of Microsoft Corp., is shown.

AP TELEVISION

Rome, Italy, 3 September 1995

++4:3++

10. Close-up Gates

AP TELEVISION

no exact dates or locations available, UK 1974

++4:3++

11. Various of shoppers and supermarkets

12. Cars on London street

13. Harold Wilson and wife pose for press at country home.

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 3, 1975 (MUTE)

++4:3++

14. Mid of Margaret Thatcher wearing a flags-of-Europe sweater, flanked by women also wearing pro-Europe sweaters

15. Mid of Thatcher trying to light a candle / torch

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 9, 2016

++16:9++

16. Set up Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of Institute of Historical Research, University of London

17. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of Institute of Historical Research, University of London

"The parties has flipped and flopped over their views of Europe all the way through since the 1960s and in the early 1970s the Labour party was in its way as divided then as the conservative party is today. "

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, April 26, 1975

++4:3++

18. Wide of Labour Party Conference

19. Harold Wilson addressing conference

UPSOUND : (English) Harold Wilson, Labour Party Leader and Prime Minister in 1975

" On this very fundamental test I know I will not convince those who take a different view, nor will they convince me in the light of my practical experience. But I believe it will be on this question above all others that a decision is finally taken by the people as a whole." Cutaway Michael Foot MP.

AP TELEVISION

United Kingdom, Feburary 10, 1974 - no exact location available (MUTE)

++4:3++

20. Various of non functioning coal mine during national coal strike

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 9, 2016

++16:9++

21. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of Institute of Historical Research, University of London

"Many of the great industries which had been part of Britain's pioneering of the industrial revoultion were being hollowed out. We were pouring a lot of money into them because many of them were nationalised, and the tax payer was paying hundreds of millions to keep things like shipbuilding and steel going, but unfortunately we were making the kind of goods that were too expensive and not that well designed and so our car industry for example began to fold."

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, September 24, 1973 (MUTE)

++4:3++

22. Ford workers walking out of various plants

23. Wide of Ford cars on train

24. Wide entrance to a Ford plant, minimal activity

25. Mid sign Gate 1 Engine Plant

26. Tracking shot along halted production line of Ford engines

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 9, 2016

++16:9++

27. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dejan Sudjic, Director of Design Museum

" Computers were still the size of a room. The idea that you could have a computing power on your desk would have seemed extraordinary, furturistic and mad."

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 3, 1975 (MUTE)

++4:3++

28. Various of people in an office

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 9, 2016

++16:9++

29. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of Institute of Historical Research, University of London

"Still very traditional (lifestyle). Still very simple, obviously none of the technologies that we use to fill our time, people went for their holiday and their leisure locally to the seaside whereever that might be, whichever was closest to them. Foreign travel was still quite rare the package holiday was starting but it was really for the more wealthy people."

AP TELEVISION

Bournemouth, United Kingdom (undated 1973) (MUTE)

++4:3++

30. Various of people at the seaside

AP PHOTOS - NO ACCESS CANADA/BROADCAST USE ONLY/STRICTLY NO ACCESS ONLINE OR MOBILE

Birmingham, United Kingdom, 22 November 1974

31. STILL showing a general view of wreckage inside The Mulberry Bush public house, one of two pubs bombed in Birmingham in 1974

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, December 27, 1973 (MUTE)

++4:3++

32. Various of aftermath of IRA bombing of Stevedore pub

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 9, 2016

++16:9++

33. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of Institute of Historical Research, University of London

" 1974 is the day or the year of the famous Birmingham pub bombings, that was the moment when we realised that terror wouldn't stay in Ulster (Northern Ireland) and Londonderry, it was going to come to London, Birmingham and other places on the mainland as well. Terrorism in the Middle East was also new it was brought home to us in the Munich Olympics in 1972, when terror of course leading to the deaths of athletes reminded us of how vunerable major events were. But all this was relatively new at the time and shocking because of that since then of course we have had to cope with it as almost kind of a normal part of life, the threat that is ever present."

AP IMAGES

34. In this Sept. 5, 1972, file photo, a member of the Arab Commando group which seized members of the Israeli Olympic Team at their quarters at the Munich Olympic Village appears with a hood over his face on the balcony of the village building where the commandos held several members of the Israeli team hostage.

35. West German policemen wearing sweatsuits, bullet-proof vests and armed with submachine guns, take up positions on September 5, 1972 on Olympic Village rooftops where armed Palestine commandos were holding Israeli team members hostage

36. Ankie Spitzer, widow of the Israeli fencing coach, Andre Spitzer, who was slain by Arab terrorists Sept. 5, surveys the room where the incident occurred at Munich's Olympic Village in West Germany on Sept. 8, 1972. The chalk circles on the wall were made by West German police to trace the impact of the bullets.

NASA

Date and location unknown (1975)

++4:3++

37. Rocket launch

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 9, 2016

++16:9++

38. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of Institute of Historical Research, University of London

"If you grew up in the 1960s and early 1970s space was a very exciting element of the kind of public discourse of the television and the media of the age because both the Americans and the Soviets were involved in competition to put a man on the moon and to develop space through satellites and so forth"

NASA

Date and location unknown (1975)

++4:3++

39. Soyuz and Apollo join together, astronauts and cosmonauts meet

AP TELEVISION (MUTE)

no exact dates or locations available, UK 1974

++4:3++

40. Wide of building site

41. Man working on building site

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 9, 2016

++16:9++

42. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of Institute of Historical Research, University of London

"Immigration was already an issue in Britain. It had been since the mid and late 1960s, so it is not as if some of the questions we are debating today are wholly new..far from it."

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, September 24, 1973 (MUTE)

++4:3++

43. Various men take part in industrial action at Ford plant, ethnic minorities amongst them

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, April 30, 1973 (MUTE)

++4:3++

44. Various of rail station during national strike

45. Various of street scenes, buses

AP TELEVISION

Ascot, United Kingdom, June 17, 1974 (MUTE)

++4:3++

46. The Queen in a carriage

47. Wide of racegoers in top hats

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 9, 2016

++16:9++

48. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dejan Sudjic, Director of Design Museum

"The things that we eat, the things we have in our home have been transformed utterly. Britain was suspicious of something called garlic in those days, we drank more beer than we drink wine. People were still finding that France was exotic, full of dangerous stuff like snails and onions. We have embraced all that."

AP TELEVISION

Cannes, France - May 11 1973 (MUTE)

++4:3++

49. Various of Cannes

50. Mid tilt up of woman sunbathing

AP TELEVISION

Paris, France - October 20, 1970 (MUTE)

++4:3++

51. Wide of Eiffel Tower

AP TELEVISION

Paris, France - July 26, 1975 (MUTE)

++4:3++

52. Various of models showing off clothes by designer Ted Lapidus on Parisian street at boulevard cafe

The scorching late summer sun of northern Portugal is ripening the black, super-sweet grapes that will go to make what European Union rules say is the only wine that can be called port.

Wine making has for several centuries been a way of life for many families here in the picturesque valley of the River Douro. It's a tradition the EU regulations are designed to protect.

"If it wasn't for wine, the Douro region would be on its knees," says 59-year-old Jose Pereira, a foreman for the Rozes port wine producer, as behind him two dozen local people pick the first grapes of the annual harvest. "Wine is our wealth."

For these workers and the local port wine producers, just like the makers of French champagne, Greek feta cheese or Italy's Parma ham, the EU's name-protection laws help ensure their livelihood by shielding them from industrial-scale, lower-cost copycats.

But port wine's second-largest export market is the United Kingdom, and the impending British exit from the EU is throwing port's almost 50 million euros' (58 million US dollars) worth of annual business there into doubt.

That's because London conspicuously isn't saying whether after leaving the EU next year it will keep the bloc's name protection rules. It could, for example, choose to let in rival port producers from the British Commonwealth, such as South Africa and Australia, as it casts around for post-Brexit trade deals.

Authorities in the United States have long fought against the EU's Geographical Identification (GI) laws, saying they amount to trade barriers - an argument that is not lost on the British government as it eyes closer business ties with Washington.

Product name protection is not a minor issue.

Last week, the EU's Brexit negotiator Michel Barnier singled it out as one of the three main outstanding questions, alongside a possible future border in Ireland and working out the post-Brexit EU-UK relationship.

Enrico Bonadio, Senior Lecturer in intellectual property law at City, University of London, says Geographical Identification laws are "a very sensitive issue which could jeopardize the whole Brexit negotiations."

He reckons the British government, aware that the UK is a major market for the more than 3,000 EU-protected items, is using the issue as "a bargaining chip" to win advantages in other areas of the negotiations.

EU protected names are prized by businesses. The labelling comes with strict regulations on production and is regarded as a quality guarantee that helps branding and sales.

The EU says the scheme seeks to protect local economies and cultures against misuse of names or imitations.

The policy has been a flashpoint before, being a factor in holding up a trade deal between the EU and the United States, where Geographical Identification rules fall under trademark law and where feta and parmesan, for example, are considered generic names.

Portugal's port wine industry offers a look into how a protected name earns its special status and what's at stake for families and businesses in the Brexit talks.

The Douro Valley has an abundance of arresting landscapes along an almost 200-kilometre (120-mile) stretch, reaching from the Atlantic almost into Spain. The spectacular scenery places it on a par with other outstanding European wine regions, such as the Rhine Valley in Germany or France's Loire.

The valley's steep and stony slopes are scored with contours of green vines that ripple back from the river in corrugated lines. Terraces of ancient walls, hand-built in local brown slate, hold gravity at bay. The quiet landscape is punctuated with ridgetop clusters of whitewashed houses and port wine estates called 'quintas.'

Several factors, producers say, make this a singular place: it has weather extremes, with summer bringing heat well above 30 degrees Celsius and winter bringing snow and ice; grape varieties such as Touriga nacional, Tinta roriz and Barroca are unique to Portugal; the poor, bone-dry soil means fewer grapes but a high concentration of sugar; and the slopes, up to 600 metres (2,000 feet) high, offer varying angles of exposure to the sun.

Tractors and trucks have replaced the mules and oxen of yore, but plenty has remained unchanged - including grape-treading in a knee-high granite tank called a 'lagar,' which remains common.

Port is the queen of Portuguese wines. A bottle of 19th-century vintage port, which is the top of the range, can fetch more than 3,000 euros (3,500 US dollars) at auction.

It is a fortified wine, made by adding grape spirit to halt the fermentation and keep the grapes' natural sweetness. It allows wine makers to produce deep, delicately textured wines admired around the world.

It is an ironic twist of Brexit that Britishness runs through the history of Portugal's port wine trade like marbling.

The port business was largely created by, and flourished because of, the British. The port companies, or 'houses,' are called Taylor's, Croft's, Churchill's, Warre's, Sandeman, and Symington, among others.

Taylor's, for example, was established in the Douro Valley in 1744 by Bartholomew Bearsley. After him came, among other bosses, Joseph Taylor, John Fladgate, Frank Yeatman and Alistair Robertson, whose son-in-law Adrian Bridge is now the Managing Director.

Bridge's office is in Vila Nova da Gaia, on the coast by the city of Porto, where the port companies have traditionally brought their wines for aging and shipping.

Standing amid hundreds of centuries-old barrels piled in rows in a musky cellar with granite walls and a wooden roof, Bridge notes that Brexit is already hurting business as the British pound's drop in value against the euro has pushed up port's price on UK shelves.

Taylor's sells port to 105 countries around the world, but Britain is far and away the most important he says, though plans are afoot to expand port's presence in other markets.

He adds, with typical British understatement, that he expects Brexit to "require some degree of readjustment."

Raymond Reynolds, owner of Raymond Reynolds Ltd, a specialist UK Wine importer is not too worried about geographical denominations, which he believes are superceded by historic links between suppliers and buyers.

"They are trusted in terms of their quality and through to retailers and consumers that works as well," he says, adding "the only problem with Brexit is the uncertainty."

Britain and the EU have not yet finalised their divorce agreement, stirring fears among businesses of disruption to trade.

Douro Valley, Portugal - 12 September, 2018

1. Pan of Douro River near Pinhao, Douro Valley

2. Wide of slope with green vines

3. Mid of Ferreira port wine slope

4. Mid of Alves de Sousa port wine slope

5. Wide of protected landscape with sign

6. Close of sign reading (Portuguese) "Douro Wine Valley, World Heritage"

7. Change of focus from slope to vine leaf

8. Workers arriving to harvest

9. Tilt up from bucket to workers going up the hill

10. Close of bucket with grapes

11. Mid of workers

12. Close of worker cutting vines

13. Close of bucket filled with grapes

14. Tilt down from sun to workers walking

15. Set up shot for Jose Pereira, foreman of Rozes port wine producer

16. SOUNDBITE (Portuguese) Jose Pereira, foreman of Rozes port wine producer:

"If it wasn't for wine there would be a crisis, both for our employers and for us. Without the wine the Douro region would be on its knees. Wine is our wealth."

17. Tractor carrying grapes up hill

18. Wide of Quinta da Gricha entrance

19. Workers receiving and processing grapes from the harvest for Churchill's port wine production house

20. Various of grapes being processed

21. Tilt down of Rozes wine barrels

22. Wide of old bottles of port wine

23. Change of focus between vintage port wine bottles

24. SOUNDBITE (Portuguese) Luciano Madureira, oenologist, Rozes port wine production:

"Port wine is good because it's from here, from this region. This is a unique region, where people are very important, the climate, the soil – which is not very rich, eager to produce more but that can't give more than what it already gives. We are in the mountains so what we do is always in small scale but with extraordinary quality."

Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal - 11 September, 2018

25. Entrance to Taylor's port wine cellars house

26. Close of Taylor's symbol

27. Wide of wine barrels at cellar

28. Set up shots for Taylor's managing director Adrian Bridge

29. SOUNDBITE (English) Adrian Bridge, Managing Director, Taylor's port wine house:

"Well, I think that clearly when we are selling a product like Port - which we have done for hundreds of years – we have seen many disruptions, of war and pestilence over the centuries and perhaps if one puts the context of Brexit in these terms of an unfortunate blip that may cause some problems and probably requires some degree of readjustment, I think that would be fair."

30. Wide of royal warrant of appointment

31. Close of royal warrant of appointment reading (English) "By appointment to H.M. Queen Elizabeth II suppliers of Port Wine, Taylor's Port Portugal"

London, UK - 14 September, 2018

32. Various set up shots of Enrico Bonadio, Senior Lecturer in intellectual property law at City, University of London

33. SOUNDBITE (English) Enrico Bonadio, Senior Lecturer in intellectual property law at City, University of London:

"I don't think the Europeans will accept, the EU will accept a Brexit deal which does not protect feta cheese, Parmesan cheese or champagne wine also because the entire final Brexit deal will need to be ratified by national parliaments, 27 national parliaments. Can we imagine the Greek parliament or the Italian parliament or the French parliament having to ratify a final Brexit deal that does not strongly protect feta, parmesan or champagne? It will be difficult. That's why a deadlock on this issue could jeopardize the entire Brexit deal."

London, UK - 19 September, 2018

34. Wide shot of the Raymond Reynolds stall at "The Dirty Dozen" wine and spirits tasting event in Glazier Hall, London

35. Attendee tasting a wine

36. Pan up from bottles of Niepoort port wine to wine tasters

37. Close up of wine being poured

38. Shot of Raymond Reynolds pouring some Niepoort Bioma port

39. Cutaway corks

40. SOUNDBITE: (English) Raymond Reynolds, Owner of Raymond Reynolds Ltd, a specialist UK Wine importer:

"I don't have any fear in that sense (of Geographical Identification ending after Brexit) because you know your sources of supply, we work with our growers, there is a historic link. They are trusted in terms of their quality and through to retailers and consumers that works as well so the only problem with Brexit is the uncertainty."

41. Tilt up of bottle of port

42. Various of Raymond Reynolds with customers

As the interminable process of Brexit continues to drag on, many Britons are choosing to seek out a new life on the European mainland, with the south of France being a popular destination for those keen to make the move.

The commune of Eymet in France's southwest is one such area which has drawn in many expatriates, with the presence of Union Jack flags seen on the shop windows of many small British-owned businesses across the town.

While some of the Brits came to retire, others sought out new business openings, such as tea-shop owners David and Denise White from Oxfordshire, who moved here two years ago.

"We came to this region, because we knew that there are English [people] that reside around Eymet, around the Dordogne," said David, who owns Rose's Tea Room which serves up a selection of British tea and cakes.

"Brexit happened just as we were signing to come to France. And to be fair, I did think about not coming. But yes, I'm glad we did. We set up the business here, and it's been going very well," White added.

Just down the road from the tea room, Londoners Mark and Paul have just arrived. They swapped their busy city life for a cosy Bed and Breakfast in the quiet French countryside, taking advantage of the freedom to travel and work in member states of the European Union.

"I think since freedom of movement, a lot of people from the UK have set up businesses as well in France, like us here," said Paul.

However, the impending prospect of Brexit could bring an end to this privilege and many Brits living on the European mainland are in limbo about their legal situation after the UK departs the bloc.

Some of those who are concerned about the outcome have gone as far as apply for French citizenship, including wine maker Tim Richardson.

"I sent the last paperwork in actually today, because they keep sending it back to get me to give them other papers. So I sent some in again today, and hopefully one day soon, in a year or two years' time, maybe I will be a double-nationality holder," said Rechardson.

But in the meantime, the Brits keep coming.

"Every single week, we get English people in here, house hunting, every week. So I think, if anything, it's made more English people want to come out to France now and basically get settled I think, before the final date of this Brexit," said White.

The cloud of uncertainty that swirls around Brexit makes for an unclear future, and the situation remains complicated as many hold their breath.

"Nobody seems to know what's going to happen, and what is happening, really," said White.

"There is a lot of uncertainty about what will happen post-Brexit, so we are all waiting," said Paul.

Eymet, France - Recent (CGTN - No access Chinese mainland)

1. Grape vines

2. House by water

3. Fountain, architecture in town square

4. Local resident walking dogs

5. SOUNDBITE (English) David White, business owner, Rose's Tea Room (starting with shot 4):

"We came to this region, because we knew that there are English [people] that reside around Eymet, around the Dordogne."

6. Various of signs of small British businesses in town

7. Various of pedestrians, traffic

8. Various of White, his wife talking with reporter

9. Advertising board outside Rose's Tea Room

10. Various of desserts on display

11. SOUNDBITE (English) David White, business owner, Rose's Tea Room (partially overlaid with shot 12-13):

"Brexit happened just as we were signing to come to France. And to be fair, I did think about not coming. But yes, I'm glad we did. We set up the business here, and it's been going very well."

++SHOTS OVERLAYING SOUNDBITE++

12. Shop sign, decorations on wall

13. Cakes

++SHOTS OVERLAYING SOUNDBITE++

14. Various of exterior of houses

15. Owners of local bed and breakfast establishment, Dave, Paul, playing with dog

16. Various of Paul setting breakfast table

17. Various of fruits, bread on table

18. SOUNDBITE (English) Paul, co-owner, Bed and Breakfast hotel (full name not given) (starting with shot 17):

"I think since freedom of movement, a lot of people from the UK have set up businesses as well in France, like us here."

19. Grape vines

20. Tim Richardson, local wine maker, working in vineyard

21. Richardson pouring wine

22. SOUNDBITE (English) Tim Richardson, local wine maker:

"I sent the last paperwork in actually today, because they keep sending it back to get me to give them other papers. So I sent some in again today, and hopefully one day soon, in a year or two years' time, maybe I will be a double-nationality holder."

23. Union Jack flag, French national flag on glass door

24. Sign of small British business

25. SOUNDBITE (English) David White, business owner, Rose's Tea Room (partially overlaid with shot 26):

"Every single week, we get English people in here, house hunting, every week. So I think, if anything, it's made more English people want to come out to France now and basically get settled I think, before the final date of this Brexit."

++SHOT OVERLAYING SOUNDBITE++

26. White serving customers food

++SHOT OVERLAYING SOUNDBITE++

27. White serving food

28. SOUNDBITE (English) David White, business owner, Rose's Tea Room (starting with shot 27):

"Nobody seems to know what's going to happen, and what is happening, really."

29. SOUNDBITE (English) Paul, co-owner, Bed and Breakfast hotel (full name not given):

"There is a lot of uncertainty about what will happen post-Brexit, so we are all waiting."

30. Vineyard

31. White, his wife posing for photos

32. Paul, Dave posing for photos

33. Richardson toasting with wine glass

FOR CLEAN VERSION SEE STORY NUMBER: 4057509

LEAD IN

A newly opened wine museum in Bordeax is quickly becoming a must-see destination for tourists from all over the world.

Cite du Vin pays homage to the region's famous wine heritage using a visual, multi-media approach.

STORY-LINE

The Bordeaux region in Southwestern France is home to some of the most famous wines in the world, thanks to the diversity and quality of the area's soil.

Now a new museum in the city of Bordeaux has been opened to celebrate wine worldwide, exploring its history, culture and geography.

Transcending the borders of France, Cite' du Vin (City of Wine) takes visitors on a journey around the world and through the centuries.

Housed in a 10-storey building it's a jewel of contemporary architecture. Its shape is inspired by the flowing movement of wine as it descends from the bottle to the glass.

The grey and gold coloured structure boasts a 360 degree view of Bordeaux and the Garonne river. The museum, owned by the city of Bordeaux, is quickly becoming a local landmark.

Inside, the Cite' du Vin offers visitors a multi-faceted journey over a 3,000 square metre space.

Key to the tour is a digital audiovisual guide, in eight languages, that allows visitors to explore different themes as they walk through the halls.

Sylvie Cazes is the President of the "Fondation Pour la Culture et les Civilizations du Vin" (Foundation for the Culture and Civilisations of Wine), which is the organisation that runs the Cite' du Vin.

Cazes says Bordeaux, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is the perfect position for the museum:

"Bordeaux needed to have this museum because it's the biggest appellation wine region in France. It's an historic vineyard throughout several millenniums. So it was very important that in the heart of Bordeaux there was this wine museum tracing the wine history, the wine culture, not only of Bordeaux wine but of all the civilisations."

Cazes started working on the wine museum, together with the mayor of Bordeaux Alain Juppe', when the idea was first launched in 2008.

Over the next six years almost one hundred specialists have been involved in the project. They include a scientific committee of geographers, historians and oenologists who worked closely with a scenographer to give the project its distinguished shape.

The museum is divided into themes. Some, like "The Buffet of 5 Senses", engage visitors' sensorial world, taking tourists on a journey through the different smells of wine.

Others, like "The Terroir Table", offer a tour around the globe, exploring how different soils are responsible for the wide variety of wines that we know.

At "The Metamorphosis of Wine" one can track the drink's creation from harvesting to fermentation to bottling. Meanwhile at "All Aboard" museum-goers are treated to an animated movie tracing the history of wine travel, showing how barrels were transported by boat from one country to another. The movie's viewing area is itself shaped like a boat.

"Everything I see is fantastic, including the audiovisual presentation. I like it a lot. And the sensorial areas are the most fascinating for me," says Pepe Schib, a visitor from Italy.

"It's very nice because when I heard about the news (of the museum) I was wondering about what kind of pattern should be the museum (sic). But actually when I come here I think it's very exciting. They're using technical methods to let us know what a wine is and they let us know all the wineries," says Olivia Wang, visitor from China.

Cazes says the success of the museum shows wine is as popular as ever.

"Everyone was afraid when we heard about the Brexit," she says. "Actually up to now it hasn't changed much. I don't think it will because the London market has two functions. One is for a lot of British people, (they) love Bordeaux wines, and also it's a sort of marketplace for other countries. The other countries are all around the world and the demand is going to remain. What is important is the demand."

The Cite' du Vin tour ends with the inevitable: a bar on the top floor, where visitors can sample wines as well as enjoy a bird-eye view of the city and the Garonne river.

Since opening in June the public's response to the museum has been "huge" according to Cazes. In just three months 130,000 people have already taken the Cite' du Vin tour.

Bordeaux, France - 9 September 2016

1. Exterior shot Cite' du Vin building

2. Visitors at terrace of Cite' du Vin building

3. Tilt-down from giant wooden bottles to visitors at "Wine Portraits" section of the Cite' du Vin museum

4. Various video and audio animation at champagne section of "Wine Portraits"

5. Cite' du Vin visitors

6. Visitors at hall as video showing different wine regions is being shown on screen

7. Visitors at "Terroir Table" section

8. Close digital, audiovisual guide being used at "Terroir Table" section

9. Animation at "Terroir Table" section prompted by audiovisual guide shown in shot 6

10. Tilt-up from animated table to screen showing section dedicated to Georgian wines, featuring man talking with English translation. UPSOUND (English): "My name is David and I'm the metropolitan bishop of Alaverdi."

11. Walking shot of President of the Foundation Pour la Culture et le Civilizations du Vin, Sylvie Cazes

12. SOUNDBITE (English) Sylvie Cazes, President of the "Fondation Pour la Culture et les Civilizations du Vin"

"Bordeaux needed to have this museum because it's the biggest appellation wine region in France. It's an historic vineyard throughout several millenniums, so it was very important that in the heart of this Bordeaux city - which is the biggest urban site classified as world heritage, in the world. So it was very important that in the heart of Bordeaux there was this wine museum tracing the wine history, the wine culture, not only of Bordeaux wine but of all the civilisations."

13. Pan right hall dedicated to "The Buffet of 5 Senses"

14. Visitors gathered around table at "The Buffet of 5 Senses" section

15. Visitors pumping pump and smelling odour connected to object inside glass case

16. Incense sticks inside glass case

17. Visitor Pepe Schib at "The Buffet of 5 Senses" table

18. SOUNDBITE (Italian) Pepe Schib, visitor from Italy

"Everything I see is fantastic, including the audiovisual presentation. I like it a lot. And the sensorial areas are the most fascinating for me."

19. Various visitors around "The Buffet of 5 Senses" table, featuring mock wine glasses of different colours of red (the glasses light up once a hand is held over them)

20. SOUNDBITE (English) Sylvie Cazes, President of the "Fondation Pour la Culture et les Civilizations du Vin"

"We wanted people to enjoy because wine is enjoyment, always. And it's a link between the countries. So we wanted a lot of people to be able to have fun in understanding all this wine history. And so we decided to work with a scenograph (scenographer) and to have a very interactive tour with 20 modules, each of them with one theme, very interactive, so that people can really get into the tour."

21. Visitors in front of "Trend Wall" section

22. Pan right bottle at "Trend Wall" section

23. Tilt up from copy of ancient amphora to visitor entering through door at "Gallery of Civilisations" section

24. Pan right showing copy of ancient wall paintings at "Gallery of Civilisations" section

25. Wall screens showing the connection between wine and gods at the "The Divine Wine" section

26. Close of wall screens at "The Divine Wine" section

27. Visitor Mathey Gilbert listening to audiovisual guide

28. SOUNDBITE (French) Mathey Gilbert, visitor from France

"I'm here on a visit because this is something interesting to do in Bordeaux. We've come to visit the city of Bordeaux and at the same time we take advantage of that to see the Cite' du Vin which is a new construction."

29. Visitors at "The Metamorphosis of Wine" section

30. Close of "The Metamorphosis of Wine" section, with writing on wooden barrel reading (English and Spanish): "The barrel cellar - la bodega".

31. Visitor looking at video at "The Metamorphosis of Wine" section

32. Close of video on screen at "The Metamorphosis of Wine" section

33. Visitor Olivia Wang during her museum tour

34. SOUNDBITE (English) Olivia Wang, visitor from China

"It's very nice because when I heard about the news (of the museum) I was wondering about what kind of pattern should be the museum (sic). But actually when I come here I think it's very exciting. They're using technical methods to let us know what a wine is and they let us know all the wineries."

35. Various visitors looking at animated video at "All Aboard" section

36. SOUNDBITE (English) Sylvie Cazes, President of the "Fondation Pour la Culture et les Civilizations du Vin"

"Everyone was afraid when we heard about the Brexit. Actually up to now it hasn't changed much. I don't think it will because the London market has two functions. One is for a lot of British people, (they) love Bordeaux wines, and also it's a sort of marketplace for other countries. The other countries are all around the world and the demand is going to remain. What is important is the demand."

37. Pan left visitors at wine tasting on top floor of Cite' du Vin building

38. Cite' du Vin wine expert talking to visitors (not shown) during wine tasting

39. Wine being poured into glass

40. Visitors drinking wine

41. Visitors at balcony of Cite' du Vin building

42. Aerial view of Bordeaux and of the Garonne river, as seen from top floor of Cite' du Vin building

LEAD IN

A newly opened wine museum in Bordeax is quickly becoming a must-see destination for tourists from all over the world.

Cite du Vin pays homage to the region's famous wine heritage using a visual, multi-media approach.

STORY-LINE

The Bordeaux region in Southwestern France is home to some of the most famous wines in the world, thanks to the diversity and quality of the area's soil.

Now a new museum in the city of Bordeaux has been opened to celebrate wine worldwide, exploring its history, culture and geography.

Transcending the borders of France, Cite' du Vin (City of Wine) takes visitors on a journey around the world and through the centuries.

Housed in a 10-storey building it's a jewel of contemporary architecture. Its shape is inspired by the flowing movement of wine as it descends from the bottle to the glass.

The grey and gold coloured structure boasts a 360 degree view of Bordeaux and the Garonne river. The museum, owned by the city of Bordeaux, is quickly becoming a local landmark.

Inside, the Cite' du Vin offers visitors a multi-faceted journey over a 3,000 square metre space.

Key to the tour is a digital audiovisual guide, in eight languages, that allows visitors to explore different themes as they walk through the halls.

Sylvie Cazes is the President of the "Fondation Pour la Culture et les Civilizations du Vin" (Foundation for the Culture and Civilisations of Wine), which is the organisation that runs the Cite' du Vin.

Cazes says Bordeaux, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is the perfect position for the museum:

"Bordeaux needed to have this museum because it's the biggest appellation wine region in France. It's an historic vineyard throughout several millenniums. So it was very important that in the heart of Bordeaux there was this wine museum tracing the wine history, the wine culture, not only of Bordeaux wine but of all the civilisations."

Cazes started working on the wine museum, together with the mayor of Bordeaux Alain Juppe', when the idea was first launched in 2008.

Over the next six years almost one hundred specialists have been involved in the project. They include a scientific committee of geographers, historians and oenologists who worked closely with a scenographer to give the project its distinguished shape.

The museum is divided into themes. Some, like "The Buffet of 5 Senses", engage visitors' sensorial world, taking tourists on a journey through the different smells of wine.

Others, like "The Terroir Table", offer a tour around the globe, exploring how different soils are responsible for the wide variety of wines that we know.

At "The Metamorphosis of Wine" one can track the drink's creation from harvesting to fermentation to bottling. Meanwhile at "All Aboard" museum-goers are treated to an animated movie tracing the history of wine travel, showing how barrels were transported by boat from one country to another. The movie's viewing area is itself shaped like a boat.

"Everything I see is fantastic, including the audiovisual presentation. I like it a lot. And the sensorial areas are the most fascinating for me," says Pepe Schib, a visitor from Italy.

"It's very nice because when I heard about the news (of the museum) I was wondering about what kind of pattern should be the museum (sic). But actually when I come here I think it's very exciting. They're using technical methods to let us know what a wine is and they let us know all the wineries," says Olivia Wang, visitor from China.

Cazes says the success of the museum shows wine is as popular as ever.

"Everyone was afraid when we heard about the Brexit," she says. "Actually up to now it hasn't changed much. I don't think it will because the London market has two functions. One is for a lot of British people, (they) love Bordeaux wines, and also it's a sort of marketplace for other countries. The other countries are all around the world and the demand is going to remain. What is important is the demand."

The Cite' du Vin tour ends with the inevitable: a bar on the top floor, where visitors can sample wines as well as enjoy a bird-eye view of the city and the Garonne river.

Since opening in June the public's response to the museum has been "huge" according to Cazes. In just three months 130,000 people have already taken the Cite' du Vin tour.

AP Television

Bordeaux, France - 9 September 2016

1. Exterior shot Cite' du Vin building

2. Visitors at terrace of Cite' du Vin building

3. Tilt-down from giant wooden bottles to visitors at "Wine Portraits" section of the Cite' du Vin museum

4. Various video and audio animation at champagne section of "Wine Portraits"

5. Cite' du Vin visitors

6. Visitors at hall as video showing different wine regions is being shown on screen

7. Visitors at "Terroir Table" section

8. Close digital, audiovisual guide being used at "Terroir Table" section

9. Animation at "Terroir Table" section prompted by audiovisual guide shown in shot 6

10. Tilt-up from animated table to screen showing section dedicated to Georgian wines, featuring man talking with English translation. UPSOUND (English): "My name is David and I'm the metropolitan bishop of Alaverdi."

11. Walking shot of President of the Foundation Pour la Culture et le Civilizations du Vin, Sylvie Cazes

12. SOUNDBITE (English) Sylvie Cazes, President of the "Fondation Pour la Culture et les Civilizations du Vin"

"Bordeaux needed to have this museum because it's the biggest appellation wine region in France. It's an historic vineyard throughout several millenniums, so it was very important that in the heart of this Bordeaux city - which is the biggest urban site classified as world heritage, in the world. So it was very important that in the heart of Bordeaux there was this wine museum tracing the wine history, the wine culture, not only of Bordeaux wine but of all the civilisations."

13. Pan right hall dedicated to "The Buffet of 5 Senses"

14. Visitors gathered around table at "The Buffet of 5 Senses" section

15. Visitors pumping pump and smelling odour connected to object inside glass case

16. Incense sticks inside glass case

17. Visitor Pepe Schib at "The Buffet of 5 Senses" table

18. SOUNDBITE (Italian) Pepe Schib, visitor from Italy

"Everything I see is fantastic, including the audiovisual presentation. I like it a lot. And the sensorial areas are the most fascinating for me."

19. Various visitors around "The Buffet of 5 Senses" table, featuring mock wine glasses of different colours of red (the glasses light up once a hand is held over them)

20. SOUNDBITE (English) Sylvie Cazes, President of the "Fondation Pour la Culture et les Civilizations du Vin"

"We wanted people to enjoy because wine is enjoyment, always. And it's a link between the countries. So we wanted a lot of people to be able to have fun in understanding all this wine history. And so we decided to work with a scenograph (scenographer) and to have a very interactive tour with 20 modules, each of them with one theme, very interactive, so that people can really get into the tour."

21. Visitors in front of "Trend Wall" section

22. Pan right bottle at "Trend Wall" section

23. Tilt up from copy of ancient amphora to visitor entering through door at "Gallery of Civilisations" section

24. Pan right showing copy of ancient wall paintings at "Gallery of Civilisations" section

25. Wall screens showing the connection between wine and gods at the "The Divine Wine" section

26. Close of wall screens at "The Divine Wine" section

27. Visitor Mathey Gilbert listening to audiovisual guide

28. SOUNDBITE (French) Mathey Gilbert, visitor from France

"I'm here on a visit because this is something interesting to do in Bordeaux. We've come to visit the city of Bordeaux and at the same time we take advantage of that to see the Cite' du Vin which is a new construction."

29. Visitors at "The Metamorphosis of Wine" section

30. Close of "The Metamorphosis of Wine" section, with writing on wooden barrel reading (English and Spanish): "The barrel cellar - la bodega".

31. Visitor looking at video at "The Metamorphosis of Wine" section

32. Close of video on screen at "The Metamorphosis of Wine" section

33. Visitor Olivia Wang during her museum tour

34. SOUNDBITE (English) Olivia Wang, visitor from China

"It's very nice because when I heard about the news (of the museum) I was wondering about what kind of pattern should be the museum (sic). But actually when I come here I think it's very exciting. They're using technical methods to let us know what a wine is and they let us know all the wineries."

35. Various visitors looking at animated video at "All Aboard" section

36. SOUNDBITE (English) Sylvie Cazes, President of the "Fondation Pour la Culture et les Civilizations du Vin"

"Everyone was afraid when we heard about the Brexit. Actually up to now it hasn't changed much. I don't think it will because the London market has two functions. One is for a lot of British people, (they) love Bordeaux wines, and also it's a sort of marketplace for other countries. The other countries are all around the world and the demand is going to remain. What is important is the demand."

37. Pan left visitors at wine tasting on top floor of Cite' du Vin building

38. Cite' du Vin wine expert talking to visitors (not shown) during wine tasting

39. Wine being poured into glass

40. Visitors drinking wine

41. Visitors at balcony of Cite' du Vin building

42. Aerial view of Bordeaux and of the Garonne river, as seen from top floor of Cite' du Vin building

LENGTH: 6:30

UK: WINE INDUSTRY / DENBIES WINE ESTATE

SOURCE: ASSOCIATED PRESS

RESTRICTIONS: AP CLIENTS ONLY

LENGTH: 6.44

SHOTLIST:

Associated Press

Dorking, Surrey - 8 May 2017

1. Various close of grape vines with bud burnt by frost

2. Low wide of vines in the low lying fields which were worst affected by the frost

3. Pull focus from dandelion to vines

4. Wide pan of Denbies Vineyard on slopes less affected by frost

5. Wide zoom out of Denbies CEO Chris White walking through the vineyard

6. Pull focus from plant in foreground to White walking through vines

7. Close of healthy vine which is already forming a bunch of grapes

8. Mid tilt down of estate building and winery

9. SOUNDBITE: (English) Chris White, Denbies Wine Estate

"We do on the vineyard (is) try and change the varieties of grapes we put on the more frost prone areas, perhaps make sure the bud burst on those varieties start slightly later on in the season, so they're less advanced when it's the dangerous time of year, so it is quite an art, but as I say there's no silver bullet to prevent complete damage. This year was very, very extreme we went down to minus six which is pretty unheard of, that sort of temperature this time of year and when you reach that level no matter what sort of measures you put in place to mitigate frost damage, there's really not an awful lot you can do about it."

VNR: Denbies Wine Estate

Dorking, Surrey - July 2015

10. Aerial of wine estate at harvest time (MUTE)

VNR: Denbies Wine Estate

Dorking, Surrey - October 2014

11. Close of grapes on the vine

12. Close of pickers

13. Close of white grapes

14. Various of mechanical harvester

15. Mid of transporter emptying it tank of grapes

16. Mid top view of grapes on a conveyor belt

17. Wide of grape press

18. Close of juice being extracted

19. Various of bottling process for sparkling wine

Associated Press

Dorking, Surrey - 8 May 2017

20. Various of frostbitten vines

21. SOUNDBITE: (English) Chris White, Denbies Wine Estate

"With the primary buds we've lost probably seventy per cent of the vineyard, so it's quite exceptional to be hit by that amount. It was a mild start to the year and therefore the vines were in quite an advanced stage."

22. Wide top pan of vineyard where the buds are growing healthily

23. Wide of tractor ploughing new field

24. Close pan of healthy vine

25. Various of vine worker carrying bundles of vine roots to plant out a new field

26. Various of man digging in new vines

27. SOUNDBITE: (English) Chris White, Denbies Wine Estate

"English wine growing, certainly of this scale in the UK, is fairly young and therefore there's lots of new players in the market and there has to be a greater understanding of all those new people who are coming into the industry quite how dramatic the weather conditions and the impact it can have on their businesses. We've been here for thirty years so we're fully aware of how extreme the weather can be, but it's what makes the wine so exciting here in the UK, we do have a marginal climate producing some very high quality wines."

28. Various of man walking up and down ladder on wine vat

29. Close low view of vat

30. Various of gauge on wine vat being checked

31. Close of wine tap being opened to fill a glass from the vat

32. Various of wine processing manager offering glass of wine to Chris White

33. Various of the wine being examined and being drunk

34. Wide zoom to the town of Dorking which lies behind the vineyard

35. Various of supermarket shelves with English wines

36. Various of 'Master of Wine' Rebecca Hull walking down aisle in supermarket and picking up a bottle of English sparkling wine

37. Mid of Hull and colleague popping cork on English sparkling wine

38. Close of wine being poured

39. Close of Hull smelling and tasting wine

40. Low mid view of Hull and colleague enjoying wine

41. Close of sparkling wine in glass

42. SOUNDBITE: (English) Rebecca Hull, member of the Institute of Masters of Wine and buyer for Waitrose supermarkets

"Right the way across the southern part of England there's a big seam of chalk which is very similar to what they have in Champagne so it's that kind of soil quality which is absolutely perfect for making sparkling wines, so that's really where the big buzz is in English wines at the moment, it's English fizz, because it really is world class. It's on a par with any sparkling wine that anybody else is producing around the globe."

43. Various of English sparkling wines on supermarket shelves

44. SOUNDBITE: (English) Rebecca Hull, member of the Institute of Masters of Wine and buyer for Waitrose supermarkets

"I think it's just that we've realised that we're really good at it. So the quality has got to that point where as an industry, as a wine industry we've thought oh my goodness, look at this it's fantastic and everyone's really got behind it and realised the potential that we have on these shores."

45. Close of wines on stand in Denbies wine cellar

46. Various of people at wine tasting

47. SOUNDBITE: (English) Ray Payne, wine salesman

"It's an exciting time we're getting away from France and the New World. The New World and England are beating them at their own game."

48. SOUNDBITE: (English) Moreno Ferat, Italian wine grower

"I come around this area and I want to see, try to understand what is the difference about Italy were I work and live and the English wines."

VNR: Denbies Wine Estate

Dorking, Surrey - March 2014

49. Various of sparkling wines being corked and labelled

LEADIN:

The secret to England's award winning wine is the cold climate which nearly decimated this year's crop according to growers in the UK.

The sharp May frost after a mild winter caused severe damage in vineyards across Europe as British producers prepare to celebrate English Wine Week.

STORYLINE:

This is what the frost left behind on the low lying hills of Denbies Wine Estate.

Primary buds were burnt in temperatures down to minus six degrees celcius.

These vines still have secondary growth, but another severe frost could kill these vines.

Denbies like most English producers makes most white and sparkling wines, but it also produces a red Pinot and a well regarded desert wine.

It's a large single estate which means it can literally weather the storm this time.

The vineyard is in the southern area of the Surrey Hills, designated by the UK government an area of outstanding beauty.

It's a multifaceted business, harvesting and processing grapes in its own winery, as well as providing tours, a shop, a restaurant and even a venue for weddings, serving of course, its own estate wines.

Because the cold air settles down on the lower fields these vines planted on the slopes have survived, despite being just a few hundred metres apart.

Denbies CEO Chris White the industry when it comes to the weather the wine growers are on a learning curve.

White says: "We do on the vineyards try and change the varieties of grapes we put on the more frost prone areas, perhaps make sure the bud burst on those varieties start slightly later on in the season, so they're less advanced when it's the dangerous time of year, so it is quite an art, but as I say there's no silver bullet to prevent complete damage. This year was very, very extreme we went down to minus six which is pretty unheard of, that sort of temperature this time of year and when you reach that level no matter what sort of measures you put in place to mitigate frost damage, there's really not an awful lot you can do about it."

English wine growers weren't the only European growers to start calculating losses caused by weather damage, but the UK industry is still developing and isn't as estabilished as those in France and Italy.

According to White: "With the primary buds we've lost probably seventy per cent of the vineyard, so it's quite exceptional to be hit by that amount. It was a mild start to the year and therefore the vines were in quite an advanced stage."

The English wine industry is the fastest growing agri-sector in the UK according to a debate in Parliament last year.

According to the study produced for the British House of Commons the UK exported £441 million (GB) worth of wine in 2015 and in the same year imports totalled £2.9 billion.

English growers say the weather is the reason for the high quality, flavour and acidity of the wines, in 2014 four won gold medals at the International Wine Challenge competition.

The problem is quantity and growers like White argue the danger would be to release other vintages too early to make up the shortfall, thereby releasing wine which isn't of the highest quality.

At Denbies, White has cancelled contracts for workers in Europe to tend to the vines, while putting his own staff to work on planting new fields.

The company is view growth of 30 per cent as achievable.

"English wine growing certainly of this scale in the UK is fairly young and therefore there's lots of new players in the market and there has to be a greater understanding of all those new people who are coming into the industry quite how dramatic the weather conditions and the impact it can have on their businesses. We've been here for thirty years so we're fully aware of how extreme the weather can be, but it's what makes the wine so exciting here in the UK, we do have a marginal climate producing some very high quality wines."

A year ago researchers from the University of East Anglia warned growers to expect "cold snaps, sharp frosts and downpours" at key point during the growing season as a direct consequence of global warming.

Just over the foot hills in the town of Dorking the supermarket shelves are stocking more and more English wines.

As well being a buyer for Waitrose, one of Britain's big supermarket chains, Rebecca Hull is a member of the Institute of Masters of Wine.

According to Hull the southern England enjoys the same chalk soil conditions as the Champagne region of France, although there are around 500 vineyards in England, including one far north in York.

Hull says: "Right the way across the southern part of England there's a big seam of chalk which is very similar to what they have in Champagne so it's that kind of soil quality which is absolutely perfect for making sparkling wines, so that's really where the big buzz is in English wines at the moment, it's English fizz, because it really is world class. It's on a par with any sparkling wine that anybody else is producing around the globe."

The roots of vines are like trees going deep ont he nutrients in the soil but they don't like to stand in water so chalk is the ideal to give complexity tp tje flavour and good drainage

Waitrose produces its own brand English wine as well as products from other growers.

It claims the acreage of planted vines has doubled in the last decade and by 2020, the UK wine industry is expected to produce around ten million bottles a year, with at least a quarter of that being exported.

The growth of English wine has according to British wine growers relied on the easy access to expert picker who work their way across from eastern Europe to the northern vineyards as the harvest season progresses.

White believes Britain's exit, or Brexit from Europe may access to more specialised staff more difficult, equipment for his winery also comes from Europe so that can push up prices.

In the short term however, producers are enjoying a boost from a lower value pound.

Wine producing in England began with the Roman occupation of Britain from around 55 BC, it's taken a long time to get worldwide recognition, but Hull says: "I think it's just that we've realised that we're really good at it. So the quality has got to that point where as an industry, wine industry we've thought oh my goodness, look at this it's fantastic and everyone's really got behind it and realised the potential that we have on these shores."

Back in the cellars at Denbies a tasting is in progress and they include an Italian wine grower Moreno Ferat and a wine salesman Ray Payne.

Payne says: "It's an exciting time were getting away from France and the New World. The New World and England are beating them at their own game"

Moreno Ferat believes the UK has a long way to go he says: "I come around this area and I want to see, try to understand what is the difference about Italy were I work and live and the English wines."

During English Wine Week from May 27th, producers will be hoping to expand interest in their markets abroad as well as at home.

====

Clients are reminded:

(i) to check the terms of their licence agreements for use of content outside news programming and that further advice and assistance can be obtained from the AP Archive on: Tel +44 (0) 20 7482 7482 Email: info@aparchive.com.

(ii) they should check with the applicable collecting society in their Territory regarding the clearance of any sound recording or performance included within the AP Television News service

(iii) they have editorial responsibility for the use of all and any content included within the AP Television News service and for libel, privacy, compliance and third party rights applicable to their Territory.

UK: WINE INDUSTRY / DENBIES WINE ESTATE

SOURCE: ASSOCIATED PRESS

RESTRICTIONS: AP CLIENTS ONLY

LENGTH: 6.44

SHOTLIST:

Associated Press

Dorking, Surrey - 8 May 2017

1. Various close of grape vines with bud burnt by frost

2. Low wide of vines in the low lying fields which were worst affected by the frost

3. Pull focus from dandelion to vines

4. Wide pan of Denbies Vineyard on slopes less affected by frost

5. Wide zoom out of Denbies CEO Chris White walking through the vineyard

6. Pull focus from plant in foreground to White walking through vines

7. Close of healthy vine which is already forming a bunch of grapes

8. Mid tilt down of estate building and winery

9. SOUNDBITE: (English) Chris White, Denbies Wine Estate

"We do on the vineyard (is) try and change the varieties of grapes we put on the more frost prone areas, perhaps make sure the bud burst on those varieties start slightly later on in the season, so they're less advanced when it's the dangerous time of year, so it is quite an art, but as I say there's no silver bullet to prevent complete damage. This year was very, very extreme we went down to minus six which is pretty unheard of, that sort of temperature this time of year and when you reach that level no matter what sort of measures you put in place to mitigate frost damage, there's really not an awful lot you can do about it."

VNR: Denbies Wine Estate

Dorking, Surrey - July 2015

10. Aerial of wine estate at harvest time (MUTE)

VNR: Denbies Wine Estate

Dorking, Surrey - October 2014

11. Close of grapes on the vine

12. Close of pickers

13. Close of white grapes

14. Various of mechanical harvester

15. Mid of transporter emptying it tank of grapes

16. Mid top view of grapes on a conveyor belt

17. Wide of grape press

18. Close of juice being extracted

19. Various of bottling process for sparkling wine

Associated Press

Dorking, Surrey - 8 May 2017

20. Various of frostbitten vines

21. SOUNDBITE: (English) Chris White, Denbies Wine Estate

"With the primary buds we've lost probably seventy per cent of the vineyard, so it's quite exceptional to be hit by that amount. It was a mild start to the year and therefore the vines were in quite an advanced stage."

22. Wide top pan of vineyard where the buds are growing healthily

23. Wide of tractor ploughing new field

24. Close pan of healthy vine

25. Various of vine worker carrying bundles of vine roots to plant out a new field

26. Various of man digging in new vines

27. SOUNDBITE: (English) Chris White, Denbies Wine Estate

"English wine growing, certainly of this scale in the UK, is fairly young and therefore there's lots of new players in the market and there has to be a greater understanding of all those new people who are coming into the industry quite how dramatic the weather conditions and the impact it can have on their businesses. We've been here for thirty years so we're fully aware of how extreme the weather can be, but it's what makes the wine so exciting here in the UK, we do have a marginal climate producing some very high quality wines."

28. Various of man walking up and down ladder on wine vat

29. Close low view of vat

30. Various of gauge on wine vat being checked

31. Close of wine tap being opened to fill a glass from the vat

32. Various of wine processing manager offering glass of wine to Chris White

33. Various of the wine being examined and being drunk

34. Wide zoom to the town of Dorking which lies behind the vineyard

35. Various of supermarket shelves with English wines

36. Various of 'Master of Wine' Rebecca Hull walking down aisle in supermarket and picking up a bottle of English sparkling wine

37. Mid of Hull and colleague popping cork on English sparkling wine

38. Close of wine being poured

39. Close of Hull smelling and tasting wine

40. Low mid view of Hull and colleague enjoying wine

41. Close of sparkling wine in glass

42. SOUNDBITE: (English) Rebecca Hull, member of the Institute of Masters of Wine and buyer for Waitrose supermarkets

"Right the way across the southern part of England there's a big seam of chalk which is very similar to what they have in Champagne so it's that kind of soil quality which is absolutely perfect for making sparkling wines, so that's really where the big buzz is in English wines at the moment, it's English fizz, because it really is world class. It's on a par with any sparkling wine that anybody else is producing around the globe."

43. Various of English sparkling wines on supermarket shelves

44. SOUNDBITE: (English) Rebecca Hull, member of the Institute of Masters of Wine and buyer for Waitrose supermarkets

"I think it's just that we've realised that we're really good at it. So the quality has got to that point where as an industry, as a wine industry we've thought oh my goodness, look at this it's fantastic and everyone's really got behind it and realised the potential that we have on these shores."

45. Close of wines on stand in Denbies wine cellar

46. Various of people at wine tasting

47. SOUNDBITE: (English) Ray Payne, wine salesman

"It's an exciting time we're getting away from France and the New World. The New World and England are beating them at their own game."

48. SOUNDBITE: (English) Moreno Ferat, Italian wine grower

"I come around this area and I want to see, try to understand what is the difference about Italy were I work and live and the English wines."

VNR: Denbies Wine Estate

Dorking, Surrey - March 2014

49. Various of sparkling wines being corked and labelled

LEADIN:

The secret to England's award winning wine is the cold climate which nearly decimated this year's crop according to growers in the UK.

The sharp May frost after a mild winter caused severe damage in vineyards across Europe as British producers prepare to celebrate English Wine Week.

STORYLINE:

This is what the frost left behind on the low lying hills of Denbies Wine Estate.

Primary buds were burnt in temperatures down to minus six degrees celcius.

These vines still have secondary growth, but another severe frost could kill these vines.

Denbies like most English producers makes most white and sparkling wines, but it also produces a red Pinot and a well regarded desert wine.

It's a large single estate which means it can literally weather the storm this time.

The vineyard is in the southern area of the Surrey Hills, designated by the UK government an area of outstanding beauty.

It's a multifaceted business, harvesting and processing grapes in its own winery, as well as providing tours, a shop, a restaurant and even a venue for weddings, serving of course, its own estate wines.

Because the cold air settles down on the lower fields these vines planted on the slopes have survived, despite being just a few hundred metres apart.

Denbies CEO Chris White the industry when it comes to the weather the wine growers are on a learning curve.

White says: "We do on the vineyards try and change the varieties of grapes we put on the more frost prone areas, perhaps make sure the bud burst on those varieties start slightly later on in the season, so they're less advanced when it's the dangerous time of year, so it is quite an art, but as I say there's no silver bullet to prevent complete damage. This year was very, very extreme we went down to minus six which is pretty unheard of, that sort of temperature this time of year and when you reach that level no matter what sort of measures you put in place to mitigate frost damage, there's really not an awful lot you can do about it."

English wine growers weren't the only European growers to start calculating losses caused by weather damage, but the UK industry is still developing and isn't as estabilished as those in France and Italy.

According to White: "With the primary buds we've lost probably seventy per cent of the vineyard, so it's quite exceptional to be hit by that amount. It was a mild start to the year and therefore the vines were in quite an advanced stage."

The English wine industry is the fastest growing agri-sector in the UK according to a debate in Parliament last year.

According to the study produced for the British House of Commons the UK exported £441 million (GB) worth of wine in 2015 and in the same year imports totalled £2.9 billion.

English growers say the weather is the reason for the high quality, flavour and acidity of the wines, in 2014 four won gold medals at the International Wine Challenge competition.

The problem is quantity and growers like White argue the danger would be to release other vintages too early to make up the shortfall, thereby releasing wine which isn't of the highest quality.

At Denbies, White has cancelled contracts for workers in Europe to tend to the vines, while putting his own staff to work on planting new fields.

The company is view growth of 30 per cent as achievable.

"English wine growing certainly of this scale in the UK is fairly young and therefore there's lots of new players in the market and there has to be a greater understanding of all those new people who are coming into the industry quite how dramatic the weather conditions and the impact it can have on their businesses. We've been here for thirty years so we're fully aware of how extreme the weather can be, but it's what makes the wine so exciting here in the UK, we do have a marginal climate producing some very high quality wines."

A year ago researchers from the University of East Anglia warned growers to expect "cold snaps, sharp frosts and downpours" at key point during the growing season as a direct consequence of global warming.

Just over the foot hills in the town of Dorking the supermarket shelves are stocking more and more English wines.

As well being a buyer for Waitrose, one of Britain's big supermarket chains, Rebecca Hull is a member of the Institute of Masters of Wine.

According to Hull the southern England enjoys the same chalk soil conditions as the Champagne region of France, although there are around 500 vineyards in England, including one far north in York.

Hull says: "Right the way across the southern part of England there's a big seam of chalk which is very similar to what they have in Champagne so it's that kind of soil quality which is absolutely perfect for making sparkling wines, so that's really where the big buzz is in English wines at the moment, it's English fizz, because it really is world class. It's on a par with any sparkling wine that anybody else is producing around the globe."

The roots of vines are like trees going deep ont he nutrients in the soil but they don't like to stand in water so chalk is the ideal to give complexity tp tje flavour and good drainage

Waitrose produces its own brand English wine as well as products from other growers.

It claims the acreage of planted vines has doubled in the last decade and by 2020, the UK wine industry is expected to produce around ten million bottles a year, with at least a quarter of that being exported.

The growth of English wine has according to British wine growers relied on the easy access to expert picker who work their way across from eastern Europe to the northern vineyards as the harvest season progresses.

White believes Britain's exit, or Brexit from Europe may access to more specialised staff more difficult, equipment for his winery also comes from Europe so that can push up prices.

In the short term however, producers are enjoying a boost from a lower value pound.

Wine producing in England began with the Roman occupation of Britain from around 55 BC, it's taken a long time to get worldwide recognition, but Hull says: "I think it's just that we've realised that we're really good at it. So the quality has got to that point where as an industry, wine industry we've thought oh my goodness, look at this it's fantastic and everyone's really got behind it and realised the potential that we have on these shores."

Back in the cellars at Denbies a tasting is in progress and they include an Italian wine grower Moreno Ferat and a wine salesman Ray Payne.

Payne says: "It's an exciting time were getting away from France and the New World. The New World and England are beating them at their own game"

Moreno Ferat believes the UK has a long way to go he says: "I come around this area and I want to see, try to understand what is the difference about Italy were I work and live and the English wines."

During English Wine Week from May 27th, producers will be hoping to expand interest in their markets abroad as well as at home.

====

Clients are reminded:

(i) to check the terms of their licence agreements for use of content outside news programming and that further advice and assistance can be obtained from the AP Archive on: Tel +44 (0) 20 7482 7482 Email: info@aparchive.com.

(ii) they should check with the applicable collecting society in their Territory regarding the clearance of any sound recording or performance included within the AP Television News service

(iii) they have editorial responsibility for the use of all and any content included within the AP Television News service and for libel, privacy, compliance and third party rights applicable to their Territory.