As UK's Prime Minister Theresa May wants to start Britain's divorce from the European Union (EU), eleven judges may stand in her way.

On Monday, May's government will ask the justices of the Supreme Court to overturn a ruling that Parliament must hold a vote before Britain's exit negotiations can begin, a case that has raised a constitutional quandary and inflamed the country's heated debate about Brexit.

May plans to trigger two years of divorce talks before the end of March 2017 by invoking Article 50 of the EU's key treaty, using centuries-old government powers known as royal prerogative.

The powers - traditionally held by the monarch but now used by politicians - enable decisions about joining or leaving international treaties to be made without a vote of Parliament.

A hairdresser and a financial entrepreneur, Deir Dos Santos and Gina Miller, went to court to argue that leaving the EU will remove some of their rights, including free movement within the bloc, and that shouldn't be done without Parliament's approval.

Last month, three High Court judges agreed, but the government says they have misinterpreted the law.

Government lawyers led by Attorney General Jeremy Wright will argue this week that the British people have spoken by voting in a June 23 referendum to leave the EU.

In written arguments published before Monday's hearing, government lawyers say the use of royal prerogative to start the talks is "constitutionally appropriate and lawful."

Many legal experts say the government will likely lose its appeal and be forced to give Parliament a vote, but the government was left with little choice than to proceed with the case anyway.

"It's politically problematic, I think, to be seen to not pursue all legal avenues to obstruct this attempt to, in the eyes of some critics, derail the Brexit process," says Jeff King, Professor of Law, University College London.

In a reflection of the constitutional importance of the case - which hinges on the balance of power between Parliament and the executive - all 11 Supreme Court judges will hear the appeal, the first time the full court has sat since it was founded in 2009.

The case is scheduled to last four days, with a ruling likely in January.

Complicating the picture are new participants including the Scottish government, which argues the Edinburgh-based Scottish Parliament should get a vote, too.

Britons voted by 52 to 48 percent on June 23 to leave the EU, but voters in Scotland strongly backed staying in, and the Scottish government says they should not be dragged out of the EU against their will.

London - 1 December 2016

1. Exterior of UK Supreme Court building, traffic on street

2. Close of symbol reading (English): "The Supreme Court"

3. Various exteriors of Supreme Court building

4. Various of Jeff King, Professor of Law, University College London, looking at book

5. SOUNDBITE (English) Jeff King, Professor of Law, University College London:

"Well, I think that there are two reasons probably (why the government appealed the High Court ruling that Parliament must hold a vote before negotiations of Britain's exit from the European Union can begin). The first is that it was very confident that it would win at the beginning, and I think it's reluctant to move from that position of confidence. And secondly, it's politically problematic, I think, to be seen to not pursue all legal avenues to obstruct this attempt to, in the eyes of some critics, derail the Brexit process."

6. Cutaway of King

7. SOUNDBITE (English) Jeff King, Professor of Law, University College London:

"The reaction in some of the media (to the government's loss in the High Court), in particular in the Daily Mail and the Daily Express was, I would say, outrageous. It has been common to criticise judges in the past and I think criticism of judges is perfectly acceptable - they are public officials after all, but this type of language, 'Enemies of the people' (Daily Mail headline the day after the ruling) reminded me of the kinds of things we saw in Nazi Germany."

8. Cutaway of King

9. SOUNDBITE (English) Jeff King, Professor of Law, University College London:

"This is quintessentially a role for judges to play. It's an unclear legal position. The devolved governments don't agree, many members of parliament don't agree. There needs to be an authoritative ruling on what the role of these statutes is in the Brexit process, and that can only be given by a court."

10. Cutaway of King

11. SOUNDBITE (English) Jeff King, Professor of Law, University College London:

"I think that a government loss at the Supreme Court would not derail the Brexit process, but I also think it would be more than a mere speed bump because having to bring forward legislation to give notice would mean that there would be a participation of a much broader range of voices, both in Parliament and in the devolved legislatures and among the devolved governments. And when these voices are heard there is a political obligation of sorts to respond to these voices, to take them into account, to not proceed in a way that ignores them altogether, and I think that will make a difference to the outcome of the Brexit process, but I don't think it will stop it."

12. Cutaway of King

13. Pan of books

14. Various exteriors of Houses of Parliament

British voters are deciding in a June 23 referendum on whether or not to leave the European Union with business owners, employers and analysts in disagreement as to how a so-called 'Brexit' may impact the jobs market.

Unemployment nearly across the 28-nation bloc stands at over 10 percent, almost double the UK rate.

Those in the remain camp argue that over three million jobs in the UK are linked to trade with the EU and point to massive investment from Europe into the Britain.

The EU has guaranteed workers' rights in the UK with guaranteed holiday pay, paid maternity and increased protection in the work place.

Many of UK's trade unions, major businesses and almost all the city say that a leave vote would have major negative repercussions for British workers with fears that a recession could hit wags and noting that financial services and huge players in the industrial sector would carry out on a threat to leave the UK.

Take Airbus UK, a company which employs 15,000 people, its president, Paul Kahn, says he wouldn't necessarily pull out of the UK, but long term investment would come under threat.

"The biggest issue we have with Brexit is that we just don't know what out looks like. So that's where the short-term uncertainty happens. And as soon as you create that uncertainty then that starts to affect long-term decisions. So the impact that I worry about is the long-term impact, he says.

"And that lack of investment, once the investment is made somewhere else that is it. The investment isn't going to be taken away from the other country it goes to so we will have lost out for a generation so that really becomes an issue for our children and our children's children about what sort of jobs we have, what sort of economy we have, how balanced is that economy, do we make things."

But those for Brexit say that EU regulation has hindered business, and that leaving the EU may create more jobs, as well as arguing that lower migration could push wages up.

JD Wetherspoon pub chain owner and founder Tim Martin who employs 37,500 people sees the European Union as "fundamentally undemocratic" and has been campaigning hard to leave the EU.

He donated 200,000 pounds (284,000 US dollars) to the official leave campaign and is distributing anti-remain beer mats and magazines arguing for Brexit in his 900 pubs up and down the country.

"If we have democracy, we will do really well. We will be able to sort all the other problems out and there is no reason why we can't be a more prosperous country," he says. "We will have more money because we won't be paying so much into the EU, and it will unleash great entrepreneurial forces within the country."

Not all his staff agree. Alex Papa is a 21 year old student from Rome studying international business at Birkbeck University, College of London, and has been working behind the bar at a branch JD Wetherspoon for a year. He says he is worried about a leave vote from "an economic point of view, and especially for a personal point of view."

"If I ever wanted my child or my family to come here one day in order to divide (share) their life with me, that would be impossible," he says.

Specialist in the EU job market Swati Dhingra of the London School Economics also worries about the implication of a leave vote, saying that her analysis shows that reduced trade and investment with the EU could leave to a five percent contraction in the British economy, leading to a loss of over 300-thousand jobs.

She also argues against those in the leave camp who tie UK unemployment to migration levels, the long standing view of many Brexiters, including UK Independence Party leader and EU lawmaker Nigel Farage.

"We know population growth also has increases in demand which also ends up contributing to economic growth. So what we expect from migration is a very similar kind of story which is you've got access to people who are well educated often or whose education was something you didn't contribute and now they're coming into your country. So they end up creating jobs, they end up also not taking away jobs from British workers, and the main reason is in a growing economy there is room for everybody," she says.

The uncertainty over the result of the EU referendum remains with some polls showing a majority of British voters are in favour of leaving, while others point toward the opposite scenario.

British voters are deciding in a June 23 referendum on whether or not to leave the European Union with business owners, employers and analysts in disagreement as to how a so-called 'Brexit' may impact the jobs market.

Unemployment nearly across the 28-nation bloc stands at over 10 percent, almost double the UK rate.

Those in the remain camp argue that over three million jobs in the UK are linked to trade with the EU and point to massive investment from Europe into the Britain.

The EU has guaranteed workers' rights in the UK with guaranteed holiday pay, paid maternity and increased protection in the work place.

Many of UK's trade unions, major businesses and almost all the city say that a leave vote would have major negative repercussions for British workers with fears that a recession could hit wags and noting that financial services and huge players in the industrial sector would carry out on a threat to leave the UK.

Take Airbus UK, a company which employs 15,000 people, its president, Paul Kahn, says he wouldn't necessarily pull out of the UK, but long term investment would come under threat.

"The biggest issue we have with Brexit is that we just don't know what out looks like. So that's where the short-term uncertainty happens. And as soon as you create that uncertainty then that starts to affect long-term decisions. So the impact that I worry about is the long-term impact, he says.

"And that lack of investment, once the investment is made somewhere else that is it. The investment isn't going to be taken away from the other country it goes to so we will have lost out for a generation so that really becomes an issue for our children and our children's children about what sort of jobs we have, what sort of economy we have, how balanced is that economy, do we make things."

But those for Brexit say that EU regulation has hindered business, and that leaving the EU may create more jobs, as well as arguing that lower migration could push wages up.

JD Wetherspoon pub chain owner and founder Tim Martin who employs 37,500 people sees the European Union as "fundamentally undemocratic" and has been campaigning hard to leave the EU.

He donated 200,000 pounds (284,000 US dollars) to the official leave campaign and is distributing anti-remain beer mats and magazines arguing for Brexit in his 900 pubs up and down the country.

"If we have democracy, we will do really well. We will be able to sort all the other problems out and there is no reason why we can't be a more prosperous country," he says. "We will have more money because we won't be paying so much into the EU, and it will unleash great entrepreneurial forces within the country."

Not all his staff agree. Alex Papa is a 21 year old student from Rome studying international business at Birkbeck University, College of London, and has been working behind the bar at a branch JD Wetherspoon for a year. He says he is worried about a leave vote from "an economic point of view, and especially for a personal point of view."

"If I ever wanted my child or my family to come here one day in order to divide (share) their life with me, that would be impossible," he says.

Specialist in the EU job market Swati Dhingra of the London School Economics also worries about the implication of a leave vote, saying that her analysis shows that reduced trade and investment with the EU could leave to a five percent contraction in the British economy, leading to a loss of over 300-thousand jobs.

She also argues against those in the leave camp who tie UK unemployment to migration levels, the long standing view of many Brexiters, including UK Independence Party leader and EU lawmaker Nigel Farage.

"We know population growth also has increases in demand which also ends up contributing to economic growth. So what we expect from migration is a very similar kind of story which is you've got access to people who are well educated often or whose education was something you didn't contribute and now they're coming into your country. So they end up creating jobs, they end up also not taking away jobs from British workers, and the main reason is in a growing economy there is room for everybody," she says.

The uncertainty over the result of the EU referendum remains with some polls showing a majority of British voters are in favour of leaving, while others point toward the opposite scenario.

AP TELEVISION

London - 27 May 2016

1. Various of Italian student and barman Alex Papa pulling pint of London Pride beer at Baker street JD Wetherspoon pub

2. Pan from fruit machine to booklet in all JD Wetherspoon pubs on referendum called "In or Out - you decide."

3. JD Wetherspoon owner and founder Tim Martin drinking half pint at bar

4. Pull focus into European beer pumps

5. Wetherspoon referendum booklet

6. SOUNDBITE (English) Tim Martin, JD Wetherspoon owner and founder:

"The economist have got it wrong. They've got it wrong of the Euro because they didn't concentrate on the big picture. And the big picture is you can't have a currency without a government. It doesn't work. This time, they're again not concentrating on the big picture. Democracy, freedom, prosperity is the big picture. And they're turning it around as they did with the Euro and looking at micro issues which are very secondary. If we have democracy, we will do really well. We will be able to sort all the other problems out and there's no reason why we can't be a prosperous country. We will have more money because we won't be paying so much into the EU, and it will unleash great entrepreneurial forces within the country."

7. Papa behind the bar pulling pint

8. Close of Papa's face

9. SOUNDBITE (English) Alex Papa, 21-year-old student from Rome, studying international business at Birkbeck College, University of London, and has been working in JD Wetherspoon for a year:

"I came here in order to start my university, and work part time in order to better myself. And I discovered in this country, there is these possibilities, opportunities that my country didn't give to me. I am worried about exit of Britain in the European Union from an economic point of view, and especially for a personal point of view. If I ever wanted my child or my family to come here one day in order to divide (share) their life with me, that would be impossible."

10. Various of people at bar

11. SOUNDBITE (English) Craig Milligan, 33-year-old builder from London:

"Definitely out. 100 percent out. Yes, at the moment I feel there are threats getting made by the government, and I don't believe a word of it at the moment. I see out as always the best way. At the moment we have got too many bureaucrats in Europe telling us exactly what we've got to do, and when we've got to do it, and I don't think we're able to govern our own country any more to be honest."

AIRBUS VNR

UK (Exact location unknown) - Date unavailable

12. Various of people working in an Airbus factory

AP TELEVISION

London – 13 June 2016

13. Set up of Paul Kahn, Airbus UK President

14. SOUNDBITE (English) Paul Kahn, Airbus UK President:

"The biggest issue we have with Brexit is that we just don't know what out looks like. So that's where the short-term uncertainty happens. And as soon as you create that uncertainty then that starts to affect long-term decisions. So the impact that I worry about is the long-term impact. And that lack of investment, once the investment is made somewhere else that is it. The investment isn't going to be taken away from the other country it goes to so we will have lost out for a generation so that really becomes an issue for our children and our children's children about what sort of jobs we have, what sort of economy do we have, how balanced is that economy, do we make things."

AIRBUS VNR

UK (Exact location unknown) - Date unavailable

15. Various of people working in an Airbus factory

AP TELEVISION

London – 13 June 2016

16. SOUNDBITE (English) Paul Kahn, Airbus UK President:

"In Airbus Group we make things that fly and we're very proud of that and we're very good at it. But that comes from a regulatory environment that is integrated, it's a European regulatory environment. We do things once to one standard so if you introduce a British standard as well as a European standard then that makes things more complicated it doesn't make things simpler and that's the environment we are in."

17. Airbus model on desk

AP TELEVISION

London - 27 May 2016

18. Various set ups of Swati Dhingra, assistant professor of economics at the London School of Economics and co-author of report on Life Outside the EU

19. SOUNDBITE (English) Swati Dhingra, Assistant Professor of economics at the London School of Economics and co-author of report on Life Outside the EU:

"British economy would contract about five percent, we would see about a five percent loss in the British GDP primarily because there would be reduced trade and investment with the European Union and potentially with the rest of the world as we loose access to the European market. So roughly what translates into would be somewhere in the order of 300-thousand job loss which is what many reports have given, the number. So we would see because of the contraction in the British economy an impact on jobs available to British workers."

20. Dhingra looking at her own report on immigration and Brexit on computer screen

21. SOUNDBITE (English) Swati Dhingra, Assistant Professor of economics at the London School of Economics and co-author of report on Life Outside the EU:

"We know population growth also has increases in demand and which also ends up contributing to economic growth. So what we expect from migration is a very similar kind of story, which is you've got access to people who are well educated often or whose education was something you didn't contribute to and now they're coming into your country. So they end up creating jobs, they end up also not taking away jobs from British workers, and the main reason is in a growing economy there is room for everybody."

22. Papa pulling pint in the pub

23. Tilt up to In or Out sign

With less than a month to go before the United Kingdom's referendum on whether to remain in or leave the European Union, campaigners are desperately trying to encourage young people to register to vote.

The outcome of the referendum could depend on whether young people shake off their apathy and vote in sufficient numbers on 23 June, according to a recent opinion poll conducted for the Observer newspaper.

At last year's UK general election, only 43 per cent of those aged 18-24 voted, compared with 78 per cent of over-65s.

A similar turnout would see British youngsters' future in Europe determined by Eurosceptic older voters, who are much more likely to cast their ballots on the day.

The Electoral Reform Society has warned of a "worrying generation gap", with its survey showing that 21 per cent of 18- to 24-year-olds say they are very interested in the referendum, compared with 47 per cent of those over 65.

Comedian Eddie Izzard is one of many campaigners trying to encourage young people to vote to remain in the EU.

He has launched a campaign to visit 31 cities in 31 days to stir up the youth vote.

This week he visited the University of Reading for a debate with Daniel Hannan, a Conservative Member of the European Parliament and pro-Brexit campaigner.

With less than a month to go before the United Kingdom's referendum on whether to remain in or leave the European Union, campaigners are desperately trying to encourage young people to register to vote.

The outcome of the referendum could depend on whether young people shake off their apathy and vote in sufficient numbers on 23 June, according to a recent opinion poll conducted for the Observer newspaper.

At last year's UK general election, only 43 per cent of those aged 18-24 voted, compared with 78 per cent of over-65s.

A similar turnout would see British youngsters' future in Europe determined by Eurosceptic older voters, who are much more likely to cast their ballots on the day.

The Electoral Reform Society has warned of a "worrying generation gap", with its survey showing that 21 per cent of 18- to 24-year-olds say they are very interested in the referendum, compared with 47 per cent of those over 65.

Comedian Eddie Izzard is one of many campaigners trying to encourage young people to vote to remain in the EU.

He has launched a campaign to visit 31 cities in 31 days to stir up the youth vote.

This week he visited the University of Reading for a debate with Daniel Hannan, a Conservative Member of the European Parliament and pro-Brexit campaigner.

Reading - 24 May 2016

1. Various of comedian Eddie Izzard, a prominent campaigner for Britain remaining in the European Union, talking on stage at a debate on the subject at the University of Reading (Izzard is touring 31 UK cities in 31 days in a bid to encourage young people to vote to remain in the EU)

2. Various of students in audience

3. Daniel Hannan, Conservative Member of the European Parliament and pro-Brexit campaigner, talking on stage

4. SOUNDBITE (English) Eddie Izzard, comedian and campaigner to remain in the European Union:

"If they want a vision for the future - and I think young people do want a positive vision for the future, not a negative putting up boundaries, Brexit, let's go away - let's stand there, let's stand and fight for our place in Europe, rather than run and hide from Europe."

5. SOUNDBITE (English) Daniel Hannan, Conservative Member of the European Parliament and pro Brexit campaigner:

"It's not that they have weighed and then discarded the case for leave, it's not even that they have despised and disdained it, it's that they have never heard it, they weren't aware there was one. And so I hope that I can introduce at least some people to the very strong democratic and economic arguments for independence."

6. Izzard talking to students

7. Students

8. SOUNDBITE (English) Becky Page, student:

"I'd like to vote but I just need to inform myself more of which way I want to go. Initially I was thinking of staying but now I'm hearing reasons for leaving."

9. Various of students in student bar

10. Student Ramsay Amin playing snooker

11. SOUNDBITE (English) Ramsay Amin, student:

"I personally don't have enough knowledge to actually vote for either stay in or stay out. But judging by past experience it is probably better to stay in."

12. Various of Oli Ratcliffe, student union president at the University of Reading, sticking up flyers about the the referendum in a bid to encourage people to vote

13. SOUNDBITE (English) Oli Ratcliffe, student union president at the University of Reading:

"They are quite disillusioned with politics, a lot of students, unfortunately, so when referendums and elections come about they often see it as something which they can't relate to and they might not see it as important."

14. Various of Daniel Masters, editor of the student newspaper 'The Spark', looking at the latest edition

15. SOUNDBITE (English) Daniel Masters, student and editor of the student newspaper 'The Spark':

"We're run by the (European) Commission, we're run by the (European) Council, which are not elected and they essentially run our policy without asking us, so we don't have control over our agricultural policy and we don't have control of our fisheries policy or anything."

16. Set-up of student Ben Cooper (left)

17. SOUNDBITE (English) Ben Cooper, student:

"So, I want to vote 'in'. Firstly, I think it's better for our country as a whole. Me personally, I come from a farming background, so I have quite a lot of interest in EU subsidies."

18. Various of people walking along high street

19. Set-up of sales assistant Rachel Stannett (wearing black and white striped dress)

20. SOUNDBITE (English) Rachel Stannett, sales assistant:

"No, to be fair I haven't (thought about the EU referendum). I don't know really that much about it. And I don't know who to vote for."

21. SOUNDBITE (English) Dev Sabharwal, student:

"Frankly, I'm just not that bothered by it. I mean I think I should be a bit bothered by it because it probably does affect me quite a lot but I don't really know a lot about it to be fair."

22. SOUNDBITE (English) Katie Dowset, college of further education student:

"I've heard that like the EU want to make us have the euro and I don't really want the euro."

23. Various of people walking along street, drinking at table

Both the supporters and the opponents of Brexit gathered outside the UK parliament on Wednesday, after British lawmakers voted against leaving the EU without a deal or so-called no-deal Brexit.

Although the lawmakers' 321-278 vote has no legal force, Deborah Houland was amongst those who were celebrating the results of the vote in the House of Commons.

She said that she has "never been so relieved" in her life, and was now hoping that Article 50, the legal process that triggers the Brexit process, will be revokek.

Meanwhile, Pam Watts, a pro-Brexit protester said the 17.4 million people who voted for Brexit in 2016 will not accept any alternative options other than leaving the EU bloc.

The British parliament is scheduled to decide on Thursday whether to put an extension on Article 50.

Catherine Barnard, professor of law at University of Cambridge warned, however, that delaying Brexit would need EU approval even if British lawmakers vote in favour of an extension.

London - 13 March 2019

++NIGHT SHOTS++

1. Remain protesters cheering and hugging each other after the vote on no-deal Brexit

2. EU flag

3. SOUNDBITE (English) Vox pop, Deborah Houland, pro-remain protester:

"I'm just elated. I've never ever felt so relieved about anything in my life. This is just what we needed because this country was about to face the biggest crisis its ever faced and now we've got a chance. If we have a soft Brexit, whatever, as long as is it wasn't a hard Brexit we can deal with it. Hopefully, hopefully Article 50 will be revoked."

4. SOUNDBITE (English) William Relton, pro-remain protester:

"I am astounded actually. I'm quite astounded. I think it's the most fantastic thing. It means that we now cannot leave without some sort of a deal and if we have to leave on March 29th, they are now going to have to revoke Article 50. It's over, I mean, it's kind of over. It's amazing."

5. Protesters waving EU and Union Jack flags

6. Close of protesters singing, zoom out to protesters waving flags

7. Various of pro-Brexit protesters

8. Pro-Brexit flags

9. SOUNDBITE (English) Vox pop, Mike Ranson, pro-Brexit protester:

"Very disappointed, very disappointed if that's the case. That's just thrown our whole democracy over the wall. There's a lot of angry people out there and I think there's going to be a lot of more angry people now. So I think you're going to see...I don't know. I'm angry now, you know, I'm very angry."

10 . SOUNDBITE (English) Vox pop, Pam Watts, pro-Brexit protester:

"I still don't think, you know, it's not all over and I still think we'll get Brexit in the end, despite what the political class thinks they're going to do. Because if you think about it, what is the alternative to trash Brexit and then face 17.4 million people who are not going to roll over and accept it? So if you want riots on the street, if you want people like me out there actually talking revolution. Fine go ahead. Take Brexit away."

11. Wide of Brexiteers

12. Close up of Brexit sign reading (English): "Let's go WTO!"

13. Wide of parliament

14. Pro-EU protesters with flags

15. Set up of Catherine Barnard, professor of law, University of Cambridge

16. SOUNDBITE (English) Catherine Barnard, professor of law, University of Cambridge:

"Well, what we do know is that there was a non-binding vote, which said that the MPs, by a very slim margin, want no-deal taken off the table. But that's only the start of the problems because it's not really in the UK's power to take no-deal off the table. The only way we can guarantee to do it is by revoking the Article 50 notification, so turning off that notification and reverting to the position before, which of course goes against what the referendum said. So it inevitably spills over into the vote tomorrow night, which is going to ask for an extension of Article 50, so that something can be negotiated in between times. And the problem is even with that requesting an extension of Article 50, again we can request, we can't get, the EU has got to grant it to us."

17. Cutaway of EU flags

18. SOUNDBITE (English) Catherine Barnard, professor of law, University of Cambridge:

"The Sun (UK newspaper) the day after it was first voted down called it Brextinct, i.e. it was dead as a dodo, there was a picture of a dodo on the front page of the Sun. I'm not so sure, because at the moment it's the only game in town. There are no other options on the table apart from withdrawing Article 50 and starting all over again and there seems to be no sign of that at the moment."

19. Barnard's hand

20. Exterior of the parliament

21. SOUNDBITE (English) Catherine Barnard, professor of law, University of Cambridge:

"I think the European Union institutions are literally tearing their hair out over this, they cannot get their heads round British politics and they cannot understand why Theresa May managed to go to Brussels, get changes that apparently she wanted to her own deal, and then not have managed to square them with her own party, so she could get them through the Commons. And so they think what on Earth, what sort of system have we got?  And furthermore, they look at the vote tonight and they'll say 'gosh, it's close', it's not as if the parliament was sending out a very clear message pro or against no-deal."

22. Tilt down from EU flags to protesters

23. Flags

FOR CLEAN VERSION SEE STORY NUMBER: 4045006

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Scientists controlling EU projects worth millions of dollars say the British exit from Europe risks the future of medical research, and may endanger future treatments for cancer and children.

Research projects at Kings and University Colleges in London rely on the collaboration of hundreds of doctors and multidisciplinary scientists across Europe - which could come under threat because of Brexit.

STORY-LINE:

Precision medicine is changing the future for cancer patients.

This lab at University College London has devised a safer and simpler alternative to standard radioactive techniques of imaging tumours.

Professor Xavier Golay's team has discovered a way to make a tumour light up with a simple sugar solution.

Because the solution is not radioactive is doesn't carry the same side effects which make patients sick.

It means radiodlogists can see tumours in more detail and check them more frequently.

That in turn allows doctors to personalise drug treatments for the patient.

They can respond more quickly, seeing what works and what doesn't and that speed could save more lives.

The team here is about to begin a trial on the new imaging technique thanks to a six and a half million Euro grant from the European Union.

The whole university has 103-million Euros to fund medical and science projects over the next few years.

All currently funded projects will be allowed to complete - but it's what happens next that's vexing doctors and scientist who argue breakthroughs don't come to order at the end of one trial.

Golay says for the vast majority of scientists in Britain the result of the recent EU referendum - for the UK to exit - was a shock.

Golay says it's not just the money which will risk future projects like this.

His team - like most university and hospital research groups - comes from all over the European Union.

Collaboration on this imaging project is with other specialist scientists at the Max Planck Institute in Germany as well as other units including France and Italy.

He's already concerned about the future.

"I've heard of at least two, three very senior people who've said okay right, now I'm taking all my grant with me and I'm going back to Germany, Switzerland, France because actually, in that way, they know they'll still have access and it's not only access to funding because the funding is great in this country, it is really good. It's really (about) access to funding and this opportunity to collaborate."

At preschool age Rens Van Velzen's parents realised he was struggling with dyslexia, but when he went to school it became clear he was autistic.

Van Velzen, now a highly intelligent fifteen year old, is part of Europe's largest study into mental health disorder.

Here researchers like Hannah Haywood combine genetics, neuroimaging, cognitive testing and clinical assessments to try to discover what are the causes.

The research project called EU Aims is carried out here at Kings College London in collaboration with scientists in other centres of Europe.

Costing 32 million Euros it's also the biggest grant given to any one project.

Autism Spectrum Disorder is a developmental problem which affects the way people interact with the world around them.

People are affected differently and scientists want to understand why those differences occur.

Haywood says: "One can go on to a life where they never speak, they are highly affected and quite disabled. Another person can go on (to be) fully verbal and become a professor at Cambridge (University) and someone else can go on and live a full life with marriage and children, why does that happen? Why does it affect people so differently when it's effectively the same condition. So we're trying to answer those questions, we're trying to understand why it affects different people in different ways and I think the thing that really attracted me to the project is because, we're trying to highlight the great skills and strengths in this group as well as the things that people find difficult."

The goal is to identify biomarkers and develop drug treatments.

It's a long term study, but how long can it continue here and what happens to the research after the current funding ends in 2020?

Rens Van Velzen is already preparing for A-levels in maths, chemistry and physics.

But his autism means life outside the classroom is not always straightforward.

He explains: "Quite often when talking peer to peer, the other person can get frustrated with how I respond because they're (I'm) not responding the way that they're expecting me to respond as the people usually do. So quite often I don't pick up someone's annoyed, or that sort of thing. It's very hard to explain because I haven't had the experience of not having autism."

Haywood, like others on the team, is convinced the project must be protected and fears Britain leaving the EU will end large scale endeavours like this which progress more steadily because of the wide collaboration among doctors and scientists.

She says: "Quite often there can be a lot of negativity around being diagnosed and living with the condition and in my work, I've worked with autism for twelve years, I have met some of the most skilled and highly intelligent people."

Van Velzen has been part of the study since it started.

Now he's hoping for a career in astrophysics.

"I think I'll work on either discovering more about our universe and our place in it, or working on ways to get to other parts of the universe," says Van Velzen.

After completing puzzles in record time he goes on for tests in the eye tracking unit.

Studies have used eye-tracing technology to see how long autistic children spend looking at the social and non-social features in a series of images on pictures and videos like these.

Ren's mother Jose Van Velzen is a cognitive neuroscientist herself although she does not work on this project.

While she is confident about her son's academic success she worries about how he will cope with work and whether he will find happiness in personal relationships.

She says: "It is sometimes challenging for Rens to keep track of what the person he's talking to is feeling and how he's being perceived. He's very much driven by telling things as they are, or how he sees them and of course in normal interaction, in normal relationships you constantly monitor what the other person is thinking. That's definitely very challenging for him and he is aware that this is one of his weaknesses he needs to work on he cannot always deal with it at that particular time and I think that is something in general that will make relationships and work environments quite a challenging place for him."

According to scientists here this project is the first of it kind in the world developing the infrastructure which will underpin new treatments for autism.

There are hundreds of scientists involved in British research projects which are funded by the EU.

The lead scientist on the autism project at Kings is Professor Declan Murphy - and he too is concerned about what Brexit will mean.

He says:"It's virtually impossible for one country alone to recruit the amount of patients that you really need for a large scale, modern day trial, or study that's going to lead to reliable results. We increasingly recognise that big questions need big populations to come up with the right answers and we simply cannot deliver the amount of patients for the amount of science from one centre from one country. For Example my work needs approximately a thousand individuals who are affected by autism. You couldn't recruit that from one centre, or from one country within a time frame that is meaningful, but we can do that by going to mulitple centres across Europe, working together and learning from eachother."

The EU's Horizon 2020 budget is 80-billion Euro which funds medicine and science research across Europe.

Britain's split from the EU will leave a funding gap as well as a brain drain according to Murphy and he argues it will be the children with autism who will lose out.

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Scientists controlling EU projects worth millions of dollars say the British exit from Europe risks the future of medical research, and may endanger future treatments for cancer and children.

Research projects at Kings and University Colleges in London rely on the collaboration of hundreds of doctors and multidisciplinary scientists across Europe - which could come under threat because of Brexit.

STORY-LINE:

Precision medicine is changing the future for cancer patients.

This lab at University College London has devised a safer and simpler alternative to standard radioactive techniques of imaging tumours.

Professor Xavier Golay's team has discovered a way to make a tumour light up with a simple sugar solution.

Because the solution is not radioactive is doesn't carry the same side effects which make patients sick.

It means radiodlogists can see tumours in more detail and check them more frequently.

That in turn allows doctors to personalise drug treatments for the patient.

They can respond more quickly, seeing what works and what doesn't and that speed could save more lives.

The team here is about to begin a trial on the new imaging technique thanks to a six and a half million Euro grant from the European Union.

The whole university has 103-million Euros to fund medical and science projects over the next few years.

All currently funded projects will be allowed to complete - but it's what happens next that's vexing doctors and scientist who argue breakthroughs don't come to order at the end of one trial.

Golay says for the vast majority of scientists in Britain the result of the recent EU referendum - for the UK to exit - was a shock.

Golay says it's not just the money which will risk future projects like this.

His team - like most university and hospital research groups - comes from all over the European Union.

Collaboration on this imaging project is with other specialist scientists at the Max Planck Institute in Germany as well as other units including France and Italy.

He's already concerned about the future.

"I've heard of at least two, three very senior people who've said okay right, now I'm taking all my grant with me and I'm going back to Germany, Switzerland, France because actually, in that way, they know they'll still have access and it's not only access to funding because the funding is great in this country, it is really good. It's really (about) access to funding and this opportunity to collaborate."

At preschool age Rens Van Velzen's parents realised he was struggling with dyslexia, but when he went to school it became clear he was autistic.

Van Velzen, now a highly intelligent fifteen year old, is part of Europe's largest study into mental health disorder.

Here researchers like Hannah Haywood combine genetics, neuroimaging, cognitive testing and clinical assessments to try to discover what are the causes.

The research project called EU Aims is carried out here at Kings College London in collaboration with scientists in other centres of Europe.

Costing 32 million Euros it's also the biggest grant given to any one project.

Autism Spectrum Disorder is a developmental problem which affects the way people interact with the world around them.

People are affected differently and scientists want to understand why those differences occur.

Haywood says: "One can go on to a life where they never speak, they are highly affected and quite disabled. Another person can go on (to be) fully verbal and become a professor at Cambridge (University) and someone else can go on and live a full life with marriage and children, why does that happen? Why does it affect people so differently when it's effectively the same condition. So we're trying to answer those questions, we're trying to understand why it affects different people in different ways and I think the thing that really attracted me to the project is because, we're trying to highlight the great skills and strengths in this group as well as the things that people find difficult."

The goal is to identify biomarkers and develop drug treatments.

It's a long term study, but how long can it continue here and what happens to the research after the current funding ends in 2020?

Rens Van Velzen is already preparing for A-levels in maths, chemistry and physics.

But his autism means life outside the classroom is not always straightforward.

He explains: "Quite often when talking peer to peer, the other person can get frustrated with how I respond because they're (I'm) not responding the way that they're expecting me to respond as the people usually do. So quite often I don't pick up someone's annoyed, or that sort of thing. It's very hard to explain because I haven't had the experience of not having autism."

Haywood, like others on the team, is convinced the project must be protected and fears Britain leaving the EU will end large scale endeavours like this which progress more steadily because of the wide collaboration among doctors and scientists.

She says: "Quite often there can be a lot of negativity around being diagnosed and living with the condition and in my work, I've worked with autism for twelve years, I have met some of the most skilled and highly intelligent people."

Van Velzen has been part of the study since it started.

Now he's hoping for a career in astrophysics.

"I think I'll work on either discovering more about our universe and our place in it, or working on ways to get to other parts of the universe," says Van Velzen.

After completing puzzles in record time he goes on for tests in the eye tracking unit.

Studies have used eye-tracing technology to see how long autistic children spend looking at the social and non-social features in a series of images on pictures and videos like these.

Ren's mother Jose Van Velzen is a cognitive neuroscientist herself although she does not work on this project.

While she is confident about her son's academic success she worries about how he will cope with work and whether he will find happiness in personal relationships.

She says: "It is sometimes challenging for Rens to keep track of what the person he's talking to is feeling and how he's being perceived. He's very much driven by telling things as they are, or how he sees them and of course in normal interaction, in normal relationships you constantly monitor what the other person is thinking. That's definitely very challenging for him and he is aware that this is one of his weaknesses he needs to work on he cannot always deal with it at that particular time and I think that is something in general that will make relationships and work environments quite a challenging place for him."

According to scientists here this project is the first of it kind in the world developing the infrastructure which will underpin new treatments for autism.

There are hundreds of scientists involved in British research projects which are funded by the EU.

The lead scientist on the autism project at Kings is Professor Declan Murphy - and he too is concerned about what Brexit will mean.

He says:"It's virtually impossible for one country alone to recruit the amount of patients that you really need for a large scale, modern day trial, or study that's going to lead to reliable results. We increasingly recognise that big questions need big populations to come up with the right answers and we simply cannot deliver the amount of patients for the amount of science from one centre from one country. For Example my work needs approximately a thousand individuals who are affected by autism. You couldn't recruit that from one centre, or from one country within a time frame that is meaningful, but we can do that by going to mulitple centres across Europe, working together and learning from eachother."

The EU's Horizon 2020 budget is 80-billion Euro which funds medicine and science research across Europe.

Britain's split from the EU will leave a funding gap as well as a brain drain according to Murphy and he argues it will be the children with autism who will lose out.

London, UK - 7 July 2016

1. Various CT scans showing liver cancer pre and post therapy to illustrate the relationship between tumours and glucose

2. Mid of Professor Xavier Golay looking at scans in his MRI lab at the UCL Institute of Neurology

3. Various of Golay and researcher looking at scans

4. Close of tumour in rat highlighted by non radioactive glucose

5. SOUNDBITE: (English) Xavier Golay, professor of neurophysics, UCL Institute of Neurology

"I've heard of at least two, three very senior people who've said okay right, now I'm taking all my grant with me and I'm going back to Germany, Switzerland, France because actually, in that way, they know they'll still have access and it's not only access to funding because the funding is great in this country, it is really good. It's really (about) access to funding and this opportunity to collaborate."

6. Close of autistic teenager Rens Van Velzen answering questions testing his cognitive and executive function at Kings College London

7. Close of psychologist Hannah Hayward asking questions

8. Mid of Velzen ticking off words he understands

9. Various of Velzen watching next task being set up

10. Mid of Velzen touching laptop screen to pick out the emotion displayed on the photo on the monitor

11. Close of Velzen touching the word "Cautious"

12. Close of touch screen

13. Mid of Velzen watching screen observed by Hayward

14. Close of Velzen

15. SOUNDBITE: (English) Hannah Hayward psychologist, EU Aims (autism research project) Kings College London

"One can go on to a life where they never speak, they are highly affected and quite disabled. Another person can go on (to be) fully verbal and become a professor at Cambridge (University) and someone else can go on and live a full life with marriage and children, why does that happen? Why does it affect people so differently when it's effectively the same condition? So we're trying to answer those questions, we're trying to understand why it affects different people in different ways and I think the thing that really attracted me to the project is because, we're trying to highlight the great skills and strengths in this group as well as the things that people find difficult."

16. Close of Hayward starting stopwatch

17. Close of cube pattern Velzen has to recreate

18. Close tilt down of Hayward observing

19. Close of Velzen

20. Close pan from pattern and blocks being constructed by Velzen

21. Mid of Velzen completing puzzle watched by Hayward

22. SOUNDBITE: (English) Rens Van Velzen, teenager in Kings College autisim research group

"Quite often when talking peer to peer, the other person can get frustrated with how I respond because they're (I'm) not responding the way that they're expecting me to respond as the people usually do. So quite often I don't pick up someone's annoyed, or that sort of thing. It's very hard to explain because I haven't had the experience of not having autism."

23. Various of Van Velzen completing other puzzles with black and yellow blocks

24. SOUNDBITE: (English) Hannah Hayward psychologist, EU Aims (autism research project) Kings College London

"Quite often there can be a lot of negativity around being diagnosed and living with the condition and in my work, I've worked with autism for twelve years, I have met some of the most skilled and highly intelligent people."

25. Various of Hayward attaching EEG wires to Van Velzen before eye tracking tests

26. SOUNDBITE: (English) Rens Van Velzen, teenager in Kings College autisim research group

"I think I'll work on either discovering more about our universe and our place in it, or working on ways to get to other parts of the universe."

27. Mid of monitor displaying photographs of facial expressions with options to pick the right description

28. Close of Van Velsen tapping keyboard

29. Mid of test continuing on monitor

30. SOUNDBITE: (English) Jose Van Velzen, Rens' mother (who is also a cognitive neuroscientist)

"It is sometimes challenging for Rens to keep track of what the person he's talking to is feeling and how he's being perceived. He's very much driven by telling things as they are, or how he sees them and of course in normal interaction, in normal relationships, you constantly monitor what the other person is thinking. That's definitely very challenging for him, and he is aware that this is one of his weaknesses he needs to work on he cannot always deal with it at that particular time and I think that is something in general that will make relationships and work environments quite a challenging place for him."

31. Mid rear view of Rens Van Velzen being shown photos in the eye tracking suite

32. Various of monitor

33. Various of Hayward carrying out tracking test

34. Hayward's monitor showing Rens Van Velzen responding to photographs

35. Mid rear view of Van Velzen watching animated patterns appear on screen

36. Various of Professor Declan Murphy lead scientist on the EU Aims study on autism

37. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Declan Murphy lead scientist, EU Aims study on autism, Kings College London

"It's virtually impossible for one country alone to recruit the amount of patients that you really need for a large scale, modern day trial, or study that's going to lead to reliable results. We increasingly recognise that big questions need big populations to come up with the right answers, and we simply cannot deliver the amount of patients for the amount of science from one centre from one country. For example, my work needs approximately a thousand individuals who are affected by autism. You couldn't recruit that from one centre, or from one country within a time frame that is meaningful, but we can do that by going to mulitple centres across Europe, working together and learning from eachother."

38. Mid rear view of Rens Van Velzen responding to picture during eyetracking test

39. Close of EEG reading on monitor

Many residents of the north east England city of Sunderland, which voted overwhelmingly to leave the European Union in 2016, say they feel let down and fatigued after a deal for the United Kingdom to leave the bloc was approved by European leaders on Sunday.

Colin Moran was part of a group called the 'Metric Martyrs' which, in 2001, supported a Sunderland shopkeeper's court battle against an EU directive that made the failure to use metric scales an offence from 1 January 2000.

He believes British Prime Minister Theresa May's Brexit deal is "a complete mess".

"We voted no and it was the job of the government at the risk of a no deal to deliver leaving," he said on Monday. "No ifs. No buts and what it's turned into is a complete political mess."

Moran said Sunderland's fight with the EU went a long way back.

"The very first inkling that the public had in this country that there was something not quite right about our membership of the European Union was when the citizens of this country were forbidden to buy in their traditional weights and measures, which they all understood and did not understand metric," he said, referring to the UK's Imperial weights and measurements system. "Nobody ever asked for a half a kilo of steak, so there was something not quite right about that," he said.

Rodney Atkinson, a campaigner against the European Union and brother of English actor Rowan Atkinson, said May's deal was "the most disgraceful constitutional issue that has ever faced the British people".

"We have a prime minister who has entered negotiations in order to extricate us from a situation in which we were controlled by the European Union and to restore our sovereignty," he said at his home outside of Sunderland.

"She has actually managed to produce a deal that ties us even more to that EU with giving us even less power than we had before. So, it is quite an achievement to achieve such a disaster in so short a time."

Other residents of Sunderland said they were bitterly disappointed at the outcome of the deal that was finalised by EU leaders on Sunday.

Harry Mcatoniney, a retired IT project manager who voted to leave the EU in the 2016 referendum, said the deal was a betrayal of the country.

"This is not what I voted for," he said. "I think this is a betrayal of what the country actually voted for. The country was looking to take back control and I think we've ceded control. We've conceded everything."

Jeremy Anderson, a distribution centre worker in the city said he bored of the topic that has become more and more confusing over time.

"I am personally just kind of bored with it," he said. "I don't really understand enough of it to make a strong judgement on it on what the deal is she signed and what's in it for us. All I can gather is that we're not going to get everything we want and we are still pretty much tied in. So I'm just bored and I did vote to leave."

Kathleen Doolan, a retired nurse, said she too was confused by Brexit and what its consequences would be in the future.

"I don't think I really understand exactly what the full consequences are going to be in the future," she said. "It's been an ongoing topic on the television and I just think that all the different opinions that float by and I think it just confuses people and they're not really sure of what's gonna happen."

And there are some in the city who buck the trend.

Andrea Erington, a further education college lecturer in Sunderland, said she voted to remain in the European Union in 2016 and that she expected a difficult future for the UK.

"I understand other people's feelings about why they wanted to leave, but personally I think it's been a great loss for us," she said.

"We've had a lot of freedom to travel between countries and to work between countries and when I can see a good relationship, I can see a strain perhaps in the future."

Sunderland - 26 November 2018

1. Various of Colin Moran watching Brexit news reporting on television

2. SOUNDBITE (English) Colin Moran, EU leave voter:

"We voted no and it was the job of the government at the risk of a no deal to deliver leaving. No ifs, no buts. And what it's turned into is a complete political mess."

3. Close of Colin Moran's hands

4. Various of British Railways model train

5. SOUNDBITE (English) Colin Moran, EU leave voter and Metric Martyr:

"The very first inkling that the public had in this country that there was something not quite right about our membership of the European Union when the citizens of this country were forbidden to buy in their traditional weights and measures, which they all understood and did not understand metric. Nobody ever asked for a half a kilo of steak, so there was something not quite right about that."

6. Various of anti European Union activist Rodney Atkinson reading documents in living room

7. SOUNDBITE (English) Rodney Atkinson, former UK Independence Party leadership candidate and anti European Union activist:

"Well I think it's the most disgraceful constitutional issue that has ever faced the British people. We have a prime minister who has entered negotiations in order to extricate us from a situation in which we were controlled by the European Union and to restore our sovereignty. She has actually managed to produce a deal which ties us even more to that European Union with giving us even less power than we had before. So it is quite an achievement to achieve such a disaster in so short a time."

8. Wide of Roker beach promenade in Sunderland

9. Close of Sunderland City Council sign

10. Various of Harry Mcatoniney, retired IT project manager, looking at the sea

11. SOUNDBITE (English) Harry Mcatoniney, retired IT project manager:

"This is not what I voted for. I think this is a betrayal of what the country actually voted for. The country was looking to take back control and I think we've ceded control. We've conceded everything. The latest fisheries. The latest Gibraltar thing. They are just more concessions."

12. Wide of two people walking dog on Roker beach in Sunderland

13. SOUNDBITE (English) Jeremy Anderson, distribution centre worker:

"I am personally just kind of bored with it. I don't really understand enough of it to make a strong judgement on it, on what the deal is she signed and what's in it for us. But all I can gather is that we're not going to get everything we want and we are still pretty much tied in. So I'm just bored and I did vote to leave."

14. Wide of dog walkers on beach

15. SOUNDBITE (English) Kathleen Doolan, retired nurse:

"I think it's very confusing. I don't think I really understand exactly what the full consequences are going to be in the future. It's

been an ongoing topic on the television and I just think that all the different opinions that float by, and I think it just confuses people and they're not really sure of what's gonna happen."

16. Various of Sunderland city centre

17. SOUNDBITE (English) Andrea Erington, further education college lecturer:

"I understand other people's feelings about why they wanted to leave, but personally I think it'd be a great loss for us. We've had a lot of freedom to travel between countries and to work between countries, and while I can see a good relationship, I can see a strain perhaps in the future."

18. Various of Sunderland City Centre

19. City of Sunderland Parking sign

British Prime Minister Boris Johnson suffered a major defeat in Parliament on Tuesday night as rebellious lawmakers voted to seize control of the Brexit agenda.

The prime minister immediately said he would call for a new general election.

Britain's Parliament will attempt to defy Johnson's Brexit plans on Wednesday as lawmakers seek a way out of the impasse that has gripped the nation since the 2016 vote to leave the European Union.

The House of Commons is confronting Johnson over his insistence that the UK leave the EU on Oct. 31 even without a withdrawal agreement to cushion the economic blow.

It will consider a measure that will try to block a departure without a deal.

Catherine Barnard, a professor of European Union Law at University of Cambridge says calling a general election is "more complicated than it looks."

"The opposition parties are united in saying we will not vote in favour of calling for a general election at the moment," Barnard said.

"What they say is we must take a no-deal Brexit off the table first. That's what the bill is trying to do at the moment. And then they will agree to having a general election."

A new general election would take Britain's future directly to the people for a third general election in four years.

London - 4 September 2019

1. Various of Professor of European Union Law at University of Cambridge, Catherine Barnard, reading magazine

2. SOUNDBITE (English) Catherine Barnard, Professor of European Union Law at University of Cambridge:

"It's more complicated than it looks unfortunately, but what you're see in yesterday's vote is that parliament is trying to reassert control. And, of course many people who voted to leave the European Union, because they valued the British Parliament over the role of the European Parliament, and so they say said 'we are taking back control' and that's what Parliament did yesterday. Now, it's only a stepping stone, it's not a major legal step, but what we saw yesterday was the decision by parliament to take back control of the order book and that means, that today, legislation will be tabled not by the government, as it's usually the case, but by the MPs. And this will be a bill, to delay Brexit until the end of December unless parliament says, 'we should go ahead with a no-deal Brexit on 31st of October'. The crucial issue is of course in fact, it's not in the UK's gift to say we want an extension, we will have to ask the EU for an extension"

3. Cutaway of Barnard

4. SOUNDBITE (English) Catherine Barnard, Professor of European Union Law at University of Cambridge:

"Normally you would expect the opposition to say 'yes bring it on because we want to have a general election because we want to win because we want to become the next government'. However what's interesting this time is that the opposition parties are united in saying we will not vote in favour of calling for a general election at the moment for the simple reason that they talk about sequencing. Now sequencing doesn't sound very exciting. But what they say is we must take a no-deal Brexit off the table first. That's what the bill is trying to do at the moment. And then they will agree to having a general election, they will vote in favour of it so that Boris Johnson gets a two thirds majority, they will vote in favour of it but only if it takes place at a time when we won't accidentally fall out of the European Union."

5. Various cutaways of Barnard

6. SOUNDBITE (English) Catherine Barnard, Professor of European Union Law at University of Cambridge:

"There's a real irony about this of course because in the referendum a lot of people said they voted leave because they wanted to take back control to the Westminster parliament. And now what we're seeing, the narrative that's being developed, is direct democracy through referendum versus representative democracy through MPs."

7. Wide of room

8. SOUNDBITE (English) Catherine Barnard, Professor of European Union Law at University of Cambridge:

"We're in highly unchartered waters. Nobody knows what's going to happen next. So what we can say has happened is that the parliament, the MPs have been able to take back control of the rulebook. That means that they will table this bill today. But the bill has got to pass through the House of Commons, which of course is already not certain and then it's got to pass through the House of Lords. And while the Lords is predominately 'remain' there are a lot of peers, lords who are in favour of Brexit and who do not like this bill and they will try to filibuster and filibuster is the jargon term for talking talking talking so a bill runs out of time."

9. Barnard walking through office

10. Various of poster