Author Thomas Harding is in the process of doing what the descendants of many Holocaust victims would find unimaginable: applying for a German passport.

When Britain voted to leave the European Union in June, the 48-year-old had to make a decision that was never necessary before the referendum - should he request the restoration of German citizenship stripped from his family by the Third Reich? He needed only a few hours to make up his mind.

“This is more than the practical, this is also about something for us, or for me, it's about something spiritual, it's about reconciliation,’’ he said. “It's about acknowledging the truth of the horrors of the past but also about trying to build a better future together, and as a European, that's what I hope to do."

It is one of the complicated realities of the UK’s pending divorce from the EU that many Britons whose ancestors came from other parts of Europe are claiming citizenship in other member states so they can retain ties to the Continent. Inquiries about passports are up at the German, Austrian, French and Polish embassies.

Some want to retain the ability to travel easily from country to country or maintain business ties. Others just want to be part of the European Union.

But for Jews whose families fled Germany to escape Adolf Hitler, the decision means re-examining long-held beliefs about history and the country that once persecuted them.

The children and grandchildren of Jewish refugees are taking advantage of a law that allows the descendants of people persecuted by the Nazis to regain the citizenship that was stripped from them in the 1930s and 1940s. More than 400 Britons have sought information about the law since the June 23 referendum, and German authorities have received at least 100 formal applications, compared with about 20 annually in recent years.

Michael Newman, chief executive of the Association of Jewish Refugees, said Brexit has fuelled interest in German citizenship, but it’s hard to know how many people will actually apply. Jews are now able to consider such a step because Germany has made huge strides in addressing the past, creating a culture of remembrance, he said.

“No amount of blood money or memorials will satisfy or suffice for some people but in terms of addressing its past and owning up to it and looking into things, it's done much that many other countries haven't,’’ said Newman.

Many of those seeking restoration of their citizenship don’t intend to live in Germany, but want the freedom to travel and work in EU nations.

Ben Lewis, a 49-year-old documentary filmmaker, is among those who would like to regain German citizenship.

Lewis, whose film and production company has worked for years on the continent, sees the potential of Brexit as an abomination, particularly the anti-immigrant sentiment that influenced many people to vote to leave.

“I just want to take a firm stance, a documented stance etched in acid on stone, that I object to Brexit," he said.

The decision for many might have been prompted by Brexit, but had been years in the making for some. Harding, for one, has long been coming to terms with his German past, a journey documented in part in his book, “The House by the Lake.’’

The way Harding sees it, Germany is now showing leadership by taking in over a million refugees.

As the result of the EU referendum became clear on the morning of June 24, Harding was on the phone to the German embassy to inquire about citizenship.

It’s logical, he says, for Jews to cling to the EU, which was created to build international links that would make another European war impossible.

“It was much less about saying goodbye to Britain than saying hello to Europe," he said.

London - 5 October 2016

1. Pan down from German and European Union flags to entrance of German Embassy in London

2. Various of flags

3. Mid of author Thomas Harding sitting on grass looking at passport that belonged to his German Jewish grandfather

4. Close of Harding's face

5. Various of passport

6. SOUNDBITE (English) Thomas Harding, author, in the process of applying for restoration of German passport following Brexit vote:

"This is more than the practical, this is also about something for us, or for me, it's about something spiritual, it's about reconciliation. It's about acknowledging the truth of the horrors of the past but also about trying to build a better future together, and as a European, that's what I hope to do."

7. Cutaway passport and photo of Harding's grandparents

8. SOUNDBITE (English) Thomas Harding, author, in the process of applying for restoration of German passport following Brexit vote:

"I think what has happened to me is I have become much more open towards Germany and at the same time following Brexit, I realised that there was going to be a very real loss. It was likely that me and my family would be unable to live and work in 27 countries in Europe and given the fact that I didn't have to give up my British passport, I didn't have to live in Germany by necessity or learn German, show I could speak German, it didn't seem like there was anything to lose and so for me, it was much less about saying goodbye to Britain than saying hello to Europe."

9. Harding flicking through passport

10. Mid of exhibit of Jewish Museum in London

11. Soft focus, yellow star that Jews were forced to wear in Nazi Germany

12. Set up of documentary maker Ben Lewis

13. Close of Lewis looking at museum exhibit

14. SOUNDBITE (English) Ben Lewis, documentary maker, in the process of applying for restoration of German passport following Brexit vote:

"Well, it was immediately after Brexit I thought the restoration of German citizenship was something that I wanted, because before Brexit I was part of the EU anyway. I was a European, I was deeply engaged in German culture from the age of 14 when I first started learning German, and in a way my whole life was orientated around creating links around rebuilding, if you like, as a Jew, links between myself, in Britain and German culture."

15. Cutaway hands

16. SOUNDBITE (English) Ben Lewis, documentary maker, in the process of applying for restoration of German passport following Brexit vote:

"I have many motivations for wanting to get German citizenship. I am thinking a lot about my child, I want him to have the same advantages in life that I had, you know, to be able to play on a European field. I've worked all over Europe in my life. I love Berlin - I could imagine living there. Perhaps that would happen in the future. And I just want to take a firm stance, a documented stance, something etched in acid on stone, that I object to Brexit."

17. Set up shot of Michael Newman, chief executive of the Association of Jewish Refugees

18. Newman typing

19. SOUNDBITE (English) Michael Newman, chief executive of the Association of Jewish Refugees:

"Well I think this is uppermost in the minds of the government that they are not going to walk away from any post Holocaust responsibilities and I think most people would look at what Germany has done since the Second World War in terms of addressing its past, the culture of remembrance, the educational resources, it's committed to teaching about the holocaust and see that what it has done has been leading the way and if you look at issues like restitution, archive, opening archives, documentation centres, even opening and creating museums, they are, they're leading the way in many respects in dealing with their history. It remains of course very subjective because no amount of blood, money or memorials will satisfy or suffice for some people but in terms of addressing its past and owning up to it and looking into things, it's done much that many other countries haven't."

20. Wide of German Embassy entrance for public

21. Close of entrance

22. Sign reading 'Welcome' in German and English

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County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland, close to the border - 26 June, 2016

1. Grazing sheep

2. Sheep grazing

3. Marked sheep

4. Farmer Hugh Maguire driving in car on his farmland, UPSOUND (English): Hugh Maguire, farmer: "And southern Ireland is right over there, it's probably not a quarter mile across."

5. SOUNDBITE (English) Hugh Maguire, farmer:

"Well, I voted to remain, and I thought the result was a disaster for farming especially in Northern Ireland, where we are dependent on 80 per cent of our income from the single farm payment or subsidies. So I honestly think in a few years' time, if we remain the same, there'll be no farming up in this part of Northern Ireland. We should be treated in Northern Ireland the same as the Republic."

6. Maguire closing gate

7. Cow grazing, farm in the background

Belcoo, County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland - 25 June, 2016

8. Bridge leading from Blacklion, Republic of Ireland, to Belcoo, Northern Ireland (UK)

9. Town sign of Belcoo, with speed limit in miles per hour

10. People walking down bridge

Belcoo, Northern Ireland (UK) - 26 June, 2016

11. Businessman Jonathan Balfour paying in supermarket

12. Woman taking newspaper from stand in supermarket

13. Newspaper headline of 'Sunday Times' reading (English) "After Brexit, what now?"

14. Jonathan Balfour and his children Dorothy and Jona leaving supermarket

15. SOUNDBITE (English) Jonathan Balfour, 42, owner of Elite Electronic Systems in Enniskillen, Northern Ireland:

"I am involved in manufacturing, so a lot of our customers are in Europe, and I think it's going to make it more difficult for us to compete in Europe with our competitors, and our cost of goods is more expensive because of this."

Blacklion, Republic of Ireland - 25 June, 2016

16. Bridge leading from Belcoo, UK, to Blacklion, Republic of Ireland, with town sign of Blacklion (in English and Gaelic) and speed limit in kilometres per hour

17. Ireland cup in "The Market House" tourist centre and gift shop

18. Tourist gifts on shelf

19. SOUNDBITE (English) Helena Corcoran, 61, tourist administrator, living in Blacklion for 15 years:

"Because we are so close with Belcoo and Blacklion, we're neighbours, and we're fearful that they will ask us for passports and that this will happen. But really it's the unknown at the moment, so that's the fear."

20. Corcoran talking to colleague Margaret McCauley and Cavan County councillor John Paul Feeley in tourist centre

21. Feeley leaving "The Market House" tourist centre

22. SOUNDBITE (English) John Paul Feeley, Cavan County councillor:

"It's going to increase the cost of doing business between both parts of Ireland, and it's going to have an impact on the over 30-thousand people who commute either north or south of the border to work and to avail of education on a daily basis. It's a very serious situation for us, it's one that we are going to watch and wait, and hope that a solution is found that minimizes the impact of 'Brexit'.''

Newry, Northern Ireland (UK) - 26 June, 2016

23."Brexit" campaign posters for "Leave" and "Remain" in street in town

24. Bridge in town centre

25. Fans from Northern Ireland wearing jerseys of the football team of the Republic of Ireland standing singing outside "Quayside Inn" during Euro 2016 match of Ireland against France

26. Fans wearing jerseys of the football team of the Republic of Ireland singing inside "Quayside Inn" while watching the Euro 2016 match of Ireland against France

27. Waitress pulling a pint of beer

28. Fan watching match, shaking head

29. SOUNDBITE (English) Ian Downey, 46, furniture-maker from Newry:

"It's so close to the border, and when there was a break-up of Ireland, it left us in a bad situation, if you know what I mean. We're in the north but we should really be part of the south."

30. Ian Downey watching the Euro 2016 match of Ireland against France, rooting for Ireland

31. SOUNDBITE (English) Ian Downey, 46, furniture maker from Newry:

"I don't want the border to go back up again because it would create tension here.''

32. Geraldine Merendino outside "Quayside Inn"

33. SOUNDBITE (English) Geraldine Merendino, 48, mother of three from Newry:

"We're not sure yet, I don't even think the politicians know what's going to happen next. They called an EU referendum, I don't think they got the answer they truly wanted, and now everybody's up in arms over it. So, we'll just have to wait and see what happens."

34. Girls walking down street in Newry

35. Various of view from Narrow Water Castle across river to Republic of Ireland

36. Narrow Water Castle near Newry

STORYLINE:

Residents on Ireland's border are trying to imagine what life will be like if Northern Ireland leaves the European Union.

Many now fear that the clock could soon be turned decades back to dark days when the border was a fortified conflict zone.

Northern Ireland farmer Hugh Maguire, like many residents along the United Kingdom's virtually unmarked land border with the Republic of Ireland, faces the risk of financial ruin if Britain proceeds with plans to exit the European Union, whose agricultural subsidies provide most of his income from highland pastures of cows and sheep.

Maguire called last week's referendum verdict, with 52 per cent voting UK-wide to leave the bloc, including 44 per cent in Northern Ireland, "a disaster."

Many now fear that both British and Irish authorities will have no choice but to redeploy customs officers and police to deter immigration and smuggling.

The shock decision to back "Brexit" sent the British pound tumbling against other currencies, including the euro used in the Republic of Ireland.

"A lot of our customers are in Europe, and I think it's going to make it more difficult for us to compete in Europe," said Jonathan Balfour, director of Elite Electronic Systems, a business that employs around 200 in the nearby Northern Ireland town of Enniskillen. The company assembles printed circuit boards and other electronic peripherals but finds its cost for imported materials is rising in tune with the pound's sharp decline.

For the people in Newry, Northern Ireland, it appeared normal to root for the Republic during the Euro 2016. "We're in the north but we should really be part of the south," said Ian Downey, one of the many Northern Irish fans wearing the green jerseys of the Republic of Ireland during Ireland's match against France on Sunday.

"I don't want the border to go back up again because it would create tension here,'' he added.

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With the campaign for Britain's referendum on whether to stay in or leave the European Union in its final stages, and the poll date fast approaching, European citizens expressed their views on what the implications for the rest of the Europe would be, should Britain choose an exit from the 28-nation economic bloc.

Some are concerned at the prospect of the bloc having to move on with one member less and fear the vote to leave could lead to the demise of the union itself.

Rome resident Walter Simonato said a "pretty important piece" of the EU would be lost, if Britain decides to leave.

"It will cause troubles to everyone remaining in the European Union," Simonato said.

Mojca Gaetz, a tourist guide from Slovenia who has lived in Vienna, Austria for 25 years argued that staying in the EU is "about solidarity".

She said she sees Britain's membership in the EU as a "decisive role" that can determine the future of the Union.

"I think they should better stay in the EU, because I think the EU is very sensitive at the moment, it has big problems," Gaetz said.

Her opinion is shared in Athens, Greece by a 58-year-old doctor, Alexandros Tzeferakos.

"For the rest of us Europeans, the presence of Britain in the EU is a strong pylon of support to the European construct," he said.

Rome resident Salvatore Feriani, however, believes Britain would be better off outside the EU and said that Italy should consider leaving the bloc.

"My opinion is that if you are in Europe you have to be under Germany so, it is not useful being part of it."

In the German capital Berlin, there was both ambivalence to the UK leaving and the opinion that it should stay in the grouping.

A 53-year-old portfolio manager from Oslo, Norway said whether Britain leaves or stays does not make a big difference to the economy.

"Being the second biggest economy of Europe, the European community will have to integrate the UK anyway."

Toma, a 66-year-old pensioner from Galati in Romania expressed his concern over the possible loss of jobs.

"There are many Romanian citizens that work in Great Britain and of course their income that would have been sent to our country would have to suffer," Toma said.

Romania joined the EU in 2007 but its citizens gained the right to work without restrictions across the European Union in 2014.

Transitional controls were imposed by some member states on nationals of the two poorest countries in the bloc, Romania and Bulgaria, limiting their rights to work and claim benefits for the first seven years of their membership in the EU.

Britain goes to the polls on 23 June to decide whether to leave or stay in the European Union.

With the campaign for Britain's referendum on whether to stay in or leave the European Union in its final stages, and the poll date fast approaching, European citizens expressed their views on what the implications for the rest of the Europe would be, should Britain choose an exit from the 28-nation economic bloc.

Some are concerned at the prospect of the bloc having to move on with one member less and fear the vote to leave could lead to the demise of the union itself.

Rome resident Walter Simonato said a "pretty important piece" of the EU would be lost, if Britain decides to leave.

"It will cause troubles to everyone remaining in the European Union," Simonato said.

Mojca Gaetz, a tourist guide from Slovenia who has lived in Vienna, Austria for 25 years argued that staying in the EU is "about solidarity".

She said she sees Britain's membership in the EU as a "decisive role" that can determine the future of the Union.

"I think they should better stay in the EU, because I think the EU is very sensitive at the moment, it has big problems," Gaetz said.

Her opinion is shared in Athens, Greece by a 58-year-old doctor, Alexandros Tzeferakos.

"For the rest of us Europeans, the presence of Britain in the EU is a strong pylon of support to the European construct," he said.

Rome resident Salvatore Feriani, however, believes Britain would be better off outside the EU and said that Italy should consider leaving the bloc.

"My opinion is that if you are in Europe you have to be under Germany so, it is not useful being part of it."

In the German capital Berlin, there was both ambivalence to the UK leaving and the opinion that it should stay in the grouping.

A 53-year-old portfolio manager from Oslo, Norway said whether Britain leaves or stays does not make a big difference to the economy.

"Being the second biggest economy of Europe, the European community will have to integrate the UK anyway."

Toma, a 66-year-old pensioner from Galati in Romania expressed his concern over the possible loss of jobs.

"There are many Romanian citizens that work in Great Britain and of course their income that would have been sent to our country would have to suffer," Toma said.

Romania joined the EU in 2007 but its citizens gained the right to work without restrictions across the European Union in 2014.

Transitional controls were imposed by some member states on nationals of the two poorest countries in the bloc, Romania and Bulgaria, limiting their rights to work and claim benefits for the first seven years of their membership in the EU.

Britain goes to the polls on 23 June to decide whether to leave or stay in the European Union.

Rome, Italy - 14 June 2016

1. Wide of Coliseum

2. SOUNDBITE (Italian) Vox pop - Antonietta Fornasiero, Rome resident:

"Certainly they (the Brits) are very convinced of their chances (to do well without the EU) and therefore in my opinion they will exit, but then there is the question of the economy. After all, there are a lot of countries in the rest of Europe so we will make it, while their economy could be affected a lot."

3. Mid of a couple walking

4. SOUNDBITE (Italian) Vox pop - Walter Simonato, Rome resident:

"It's a choice that belongs to each population, each country, I mean we are in a democracy. However, this (Brexit) will cause troubles to everyone remaining in the European Union and that makes sense because we'll lose a pretty important piece (of the EU)."

5. Mid of tourists in front of the Coliseum

6. SOUNDBITE (Italian) Vox pop - Salvatore Feriani, Rome resident:

"Why do they have to be under Germany when actually their economy could be leading Europe and make them grow as a country, as a nation. My opinion is that if you are in Europe you have to be under Germany so, it is not useful being part of it. Besides, we should also exit."

7. Exterior wide of John Cabot University of Rome

8. Wide of Franco Pavoncello, Professor of Political Science, President of John Cabot University walking

9. SOUNDBITE (English) Franco Pavoncello, Professor of Political Science, President of John Cabot University:

"Italians are starting to look at this with quite some worry, they are perplexed by the possibility of Britain moving out, there is always been an affinity between Italy and Britain also in terms of European discussions and I think there is a lot of concern also for what could happen to the euro, what could happen to the future of the union if Britain were to move out."

10. Wide of Coliseum

Vienna, Austria - 14 June 2016

11. Vienna opera house, people walking past

12. Sculpture of fountain in front of the opera house

13. People walking on street

14. SOUNDBITE (German) Vox pop - Mojca Gaetz, Vienna resident:

"I think they should better stay in the EU, because I think the EU is very sensitive at the moment, it has big problems. This is also about solidarity. I think whether they stay or not plays a decisive role. In my opinion the future doesn't look very positive. I have the feeling that the European Union is going to fall apart anyway at some point."

15. Newspaper cover with headline reading (German) "When die British leave"

16. Magazine cover reading (German): "Please don't go!"

17. SOUNDBITE (German) Vox pop - Erwin Kostolanski, Vienna resident:

"Actually I don't care at all."

18. Vienna Opera House

19. SOUNDBITE (German) Vox pop - Isolde Wetzer, Vienna resident:

"I would advise the British to stay. Otherwise all the work that was done during the past decade - well actually decades - would have been for nothing."

20. Various of Saint Stephen's cathedral

Oslo, Norway - 14 June 2016

21. People sunbathing in front of the Norwegian parliament

22. Norwegian flag

23. SOUNDBITE (English) Vox pop - Thomas Svendsen, 25-year-old teacher:

"I feel a bit sad about it. I think that Britain should stay, both for its own sake, but also for the sake of preserving the union."

24. Various of Karl Johans gate street in Oslo with the Royal Palace in background

25. Equestrian statute of King Charles III John

26. SOUNDBITE (English) Vox pop - Tore Vaeret, 53 year-old portfolio manager:

"I don't think it will make that big a difference because being the second biggest economy of Europe, the European community will have to integrate the UK anyway."

27. Various of fountain in central Oslo

Athens, Greece - 15 June 2016

28. Medium of the Parthenon

29. Wide of tourists with Acropolis on the background

30. SOUNDIBITE (Greek) Vox pop - Alexandros Tzeferakos, 58, doctor:

"(The Brexit referendum) Yes it is of concern to us (Greeks). But it is foremost a European problem and an internal matter for the British which, as people are smart, they are capable and are well informed about all European affairs and I think they have not only the knowledge but also the capability to judge what was beneficial and what was not beneficial from Europe. But for the rest of us Europeans the presence of Britain (in the EU) is a strong pylon of support to the European construct."

31. Close up of Hadrians Arch

32. Wide of street with cars passing in front of Hadrians Arch

Bucharest, Romania - 15 June 2016

33. Various of Romanian Atheneum Music hall in central Bucharest on Victoria avenue

34. SOUNDBITE (Romanian) Vox pop - Toma (no last name) 66 year-old pensioner from Galati:

"I'd say this will not be a good thing. I mean this would affect all the other countries in the Union. Both financially and regarding jobs."

35. Cutaway statue in Revolution Square central Bucharest

36. SOUNDBITE (Romanian) Vox pop - Toma (no last name) 66 year-old pensioner from Galati

"Because there are many Romanian citizens that work in Great Britain and of course their income that would have been sent to our country would have to suffer."

37. Various of Romanian Houses of the Parliament on Unirii avenue in central Bucharest

Berlin - 16 June 2016

38. Pariser Platz and Brandenburg Gate

39. Tourists at Pariser Platz

40. SOUNDBITE (German) Vox pop - Andreas Sasse ,57, Potsdam resident:

"If the British think that it is in their favour to leave the European Union then they have to take that road."

41. Pariser Platz with Brandenburg Gate

42. Horse and carriage

43. SOUNDBITE (German) Bernd Leitenberger, 48, Frankfurt area resident:

"I'm not in support of a Brexit. I think it would be better if the UK remains in the EU."

44. Pariser Platz and Brandenburg Gate

The Houses of Parliament - an iconic London site that attracts visitors from all over the world.

Tourism is now worth 22.1 billion pounds (32 billion US dollars) annually to the UK, according to Visit Britain, Britain's national tourism agency.

Visit Britain also said that last year there were 36.1 million tourist visits, with 67 percent from the European Union.

On 23 June, the UK will vote in a referendum whether to stay in or out of the EU and many in the tourist industry are concerned that a possible leave vote will jeopardise the European holiday market.

One of those is Kyle Haughton, managing director of City Cruises.

His cruise ships carry 6 million passengers a year - in the height of summer 60 percent are from abroad, the majority from the EU.

Of the 240 staff that he employs, 50 percent are from outside the UK, mostly from the EU.

"Any change or decline in passengers coming into the country is going to affect our business quite lot and there are reports that people in Germany, Italy and France are less likely to come to the UK if we leave the EU than if we stay."

His fears are backed up by UK Inbound, which represents 360 tourist businesses.

Deidre Wells, chief executive of UKinbound has called leaving the EU "economic suicide."

"Why would you remove yourself from a market that provides two thirds of our business for our members," she said.

Tourists had mixed views about a UK "brexit".

Marco Ghiribelli, an Italian tourist, said he thought the UK would be economically better outside.

"It's not economically convenient for the UK to stay in the EU. Brexit makes sense economically as the UK economy is stronger than most of the EU countries."

Others such as Babette Pascalev, a tourist from Germany, said: "I think it is hard now because the idea is to get Europe together not apart."

But others say a Brexit would not make any difference to the tourism business.

They say nothing will change.

Alexander Goransson, travel analyst at Euromonitor International believes the expected drop in sterling following a brexit vote would attract tourists due to an increased spending power.

"In the short term I would expect to see a depreciation of the pound which will have both a positive and negative impact on tourism. UK tourists would be less likely to travel abroad and stay at home, whereas on the other hand the UK would actually become a more attractive destination for inbound tourists as prices would be relatively cheaper."

But most people in the tourist industry are hoping for a remain vote on June 23.

The Houses of Parliament - an iconic London site that attracts visitors from all over the world.

Tourism is now worth 22.1 billion pounds (32 billion US dollars) annually to the UK, according to Visit Britain, Britain's national tourism agency.

Visit Britain also said that last year there were 36.1 million tourist visits, with 67 percent from the European Union.

On 23 June, the UK will vote in a referendum whether to stay in or out of the EU and many in the tourist industry are concerned that a possible leave vote will jeopardise the European holiday market.

One of those is Kyle Haughton, managing director of City Cruises.

His cruise ships carry 6 million passengers a year - in the height of summer 60 percent are from abroad, the majority from the EU.

Of the 240 staff that he employs, 50 percent are from outside the UK, mostly from the EU.

"Any change or decline in passengers coming into the country is going to affect our business quite lot and there are reports that people in Germany, Italy and France are less likely to come to the UK if we leave the EU than if we stay."

His fears are backed up by UK Inbound, which represents 360 tourist businesses.

Deidre Wells, chief executive of UKinbound has called leaving the EU "economic suicide."

"Why would you remove yourself from a market that provides two thirds of our business for our members," she said.

Tourists had mixed views about a UK "brexit".

Marco Ghiribelli, an Italian tourist, said he thought the UK would be economically better outside.

"It's not economically convenient for the UK to stay in the EU. Brexit makes sense economically as the UK economy is stronger than most of the EU countries."

Others such as Babette Pascalev, a tourist from Germany, said: "I think it is hard now because the idea is to get Europe together not apart."

But others say a Brexit would not make any difference to the tourism business.

They say nothing will change.

Alexander Goransson, travel analyst at Euromonitor International believes the expected drop in sterling following a brexit vote would attract tourists due to an increased spending power.

"In the short term I would expect to see a depreciation of the pound which will have both a positive and negative impact on tourism. UK tourists would be less likely to travel abroad and stay at home, whereas on the other hand the UK would actually become a more attractive destination for inbound tourists as prices would be relatively cheaper."

But most people in the tourist industry are hoping for a remain vote on June 23.

London - 2 June 2016

1. Houses of Parliament seen from a river cruise boat

2. Woman taking picture of the Houses of Parliament

3. The London Eye seen from a river cruise boat

4. Part of the London Eye

5. Woman taking photo

6. People on board the river cruise boat

7. St Paul's Cathedral and other buildings

8. River cruise boat approaching Tower Bridge

9. Set up of Kyle Haughton, managing director of City Cruises

10. SOUNDBITE (English) Kyle Haughton, managing director of City Cruises:

"At City Cruises we carry 4 million passengers a year and over half of them come from overseas, the majority of which coming from EU countries, so any change or decline in passengers coming into the country is going to affect our business quite lot and there are reports that people in Germany, Italy and France are less likely to come to the UK if we leave the EU than if we stay."

London - 1 June 2016

11. Various of Deidre Wells, chief executive of UKinbound, at her desk

12. SOUNDBITE (English) Deidre Wells, chief executive of UKinbound:

"I've described it as economic suicide in the past. Why would you deliberately remove yourself from a market that provides two thirds of our business for our members."

London - 2 June 2016

13. People on board the river cruise boat with the Shard in the background

14. Set up of French tourist Kahina Berroua

15. SOUNDBITE (French) Kahina Berroua, French tourist:

"I will be sad. The UK has a lot of power in Europe so it won't be the same."

16. Various of tourists inside the river cruise boat

17. Set up of Marco Ghiribelli, Italian tourist

18. SOUNDBITE (Italian) Marco Ghiribelli, Italian tourist:

"It's not economically convenient for the UK to stay in the EU. Brexit makes sense economically as the UK economy is stronger than most of the EU countries."

19. SOUNDBITE (German) Babette Pascalev, tourist from Germany:

"I think it is hard now because the idea is to get Europe together not apart."

20. Houses of Parliament with open top tourist bus driving past

21. Union Jack flag on top of the Houses of Parliament

22. People on open top bus driving past the Houses of Parliament

23. People on bus

24. People on bus driving past flags

25. Various of Alexander Goransson, travel analyst at Euromonitor International, on laptop

26. SOUNDBITE Alexander Goransson, travel analyst at Euromonitor International:

"In the short term I would expect to see a depreciation of the pound which will have both a positive and negative impact on tourism. UK tourists would be less likely to travel abroad and stay at home, whereas on the other hand the UK would actually become a more attractive destination for inbound tourists as prices would be relatively cheaper."

27. People on open top bus

28. View of London black cabs and Union Jack flags

Fears of "Brexit" are stark among the inhabitants of Blacklion in the Republic of Ireland and Belcoo in Northern Ireland, UK - two border villages that could be further separated if the United Kingdom opts to leave the European Union.

Only a gurgling stream separates the two villages, but Ireland's soft border could become a hard fact of life again if the United Kingdom leaves the European Union, the sovereignty-sharing bloc that has done much to blur the 95-year-old boundary.

Should a majority of British voters reject continued EU membership in the UK's June 23 referendum, Northern Ireland's nearly 500-kilometre (310-mile) frontier with the Irish Republic would become the only British land border with the 27-nation EU.

The closely intertwined residents of Belcoo in Northern Ireland and Blacklion barely 200 metres (218 yards) away in the republic would find themselves again in two diverging lands.

While some view that prospect as an opportunity, many more express dread at the thought.

Farmer Hugh Maguire, 60, whose Blacklion home rests barely inside the republic but whose nearby farm of sheep, cattle and hens lies in Northern Ireland, said he could not survive without EU subsidies.

Both communities are heavily dependent on EU funding. Agriculture is the top employer, and farms receive 329 euros (365 US dollars) per hectare of land from the EU's Single Farm Payment subsidy scheme in place since 2003, an annual payment exceeding 80,000 euros (90,000 US dollars) for Maguire's 241-hectare farm.

Few Northern Ireland farmers are confident that the British government, long a critic of EU farm subsidies, would maintain anything close to that level of state support.

Maguire estimates that EU payments provide two-thirds of his income while most of the rest requires open market access to livestock marts in the republic, where prices for spring lamb are stronger.

Behind the bar in 'Jack's Bar' in Belcoo in Northern Ireland, owner Paul Leonard and his son Stephen look likely to cancel each other's votes. The son favors staying in the EU, while the father is eyeing the exit.

Fears of "Brexit" are stark among the inhabitants of Blacklion in the Republic of Ireland and Belcoo in Northern Ireland, UK - two border villages that could be further separated if the United Kingdom opts to leave the European Union.

Only a gurgling stream separates the two villages, but Ireland's soft border could become a hard fact of life again if the United Kingdom leaves the European Union, the sovereignty-sharing bloc that has done much to blur the 95-year-old boundary.

Should a majority of British voters reject continued EU membership in the UK's June 23 referendum, Northern Ireland's nearly 500-kilometre (310-mile) frontier with the Irish Republic would become the only British land border with the 27-nation EU.

The closely intertwined residents of Belcoo in Northern Ireland and Blacklion barely 200 metres (218 yards) away in the republic would find themselves again in two diverging lands.

While some view that prospect as an opportunity, many more express dread at the thought.

Farmer Hugh Maguire, 60, whose Blacklion home rests barely inside the republic but whose nearby farm of sheep, cattle and hens lies in Northern Ireland, said he could not survive without EU subsidies.

Both communities are heavily dependent on EU funding. Agriculture is the top employer, and farms receive 329 euros (365 US dollars) per hectare of land from the EU's Single Farm Payment subsidy scheme in place since 2003, an annual payment exceeding 80,000 euros (90,000 US dollars) for Maguire's 241-hectare farm.

Few Northern Ireland farmers are confident that the British government, long a critic of EU farm subsidies, would maintain anything close to that level of state support.

Maguire estimates that EU payments provide two-thirds of his income while most of the rest requires open market access to livestock marts in the republic, where prices for spring lamb are stronger.

Behind the bar in 'Jack's Bar' in Belcoo in Northern Ireland, owner Paul Leonard and his son Stephen look likely to cancel each other's votes. The son favors staying in the EU, while the father is eyeing the exit.

AP TELEVISION

Blacklion, Republic of Ireland - 24 May 2016

1. Farmer Hugh Maguire with a calf and cows on pasture

2. Close of calf

3. Sheep running on pasture

4. Maguire, pointing to horizon UPSOUND (English): "Right around the borderline of the mountain, right the way on, you can see parts of Southern Ireland."

5. Sheep grazing

6. SOUNDBITE (English) Hugh Maguire, farmer:

"Probably 70 percent of my income is off it, 65 to 70 percent is from the EU (European Union). We couldn't survive only for the subsidies. There is no way we could survive, especially on this land that we're farming."

7. Maguire leaving farm through gate

AP TELEVISION

Belcoo, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom (UK) - 24 May 2016

8. Bridge leading from Belcoo, Northern Ireland (UK) to Blacklion, Republic of Ireland, with sign reading (English and Gaelic) "Welcome to County Cavan"

9. Close of sign reading (English and Gaelic) "Blacklion" with speed limit in kilometres per hour

10. Bridge connecting Belcoo, Northern Ireland (UK) and Blacklion, Republic of Ireland

AP TELEVISION

Blacklion, Republic of Ireland - 24 May 2016

11. Sign of "The Market House" tourist centre and gift shop

12. Tourist administrator Helena Corcoran talking to colleague in tourist centre

13. Leprechaun puppets for sale in tourist centre

14. SOUNDBITE (English) Helena Corcoran, tourist administrator and local resident:

"We've had so much tragedy and grief along the border area, that I just feel and hope that they will stay in. My fear is, I suppose, that this border will appear and will make everyday life difficult for everybody basically, because this is the main road from North to South, from Sligo, and we get a lot of traffic, a lot of tourists, and we've already suffered enough in this area, so we don't need to suffer anymore."

15. Mug for sale with images of Ireland and reading (English) "Greetings from Ireland"

AP TELEVISION

Blacklion, Republic of Ireland - 25 May 2016

16. Top shot of bridge connecting Blacklion, Republic of Ireland and Belcoo, Northern Ireland (UK)

17. SOUNDBITE (English) John Paul Feeley, Cavan County councilman:

"Europe, and the structural funding and the peace funding have been hugely important in terms of giving areas like this the leg-up that they need to reach or to get into step with the rest of the country and progress economically."

AP TELEVISION

Belcoo, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom (UK) - 25 May 2016

18. Sign reading (English) Belcoo, with speed limit in miles per hour

19. Bartender Stephen Leonard carrying board out of pub "Jack's Bar"

20. Stephen Leonard serving guests inside pub

21. SOUNDBITE (English) Stephen Leonard, bartender:

"Behind the bar you hear both sides of the story, and you hear now a lot of things like there'll be borders back up, the police will be back out stopping and just all stuff like that, and I've never witnessed it, and I wouldn't like to witness it from what you've heard years ago."

22. Stephen Leonard talking to his father Paul Leonard

23. SOUNDBITE (English) Paul Leonard, self-employed pub owner:

"It probably would possibly enhance the economy again, maybe we'd be freer to be able to do things without the regulation of Europe, you know, so it would. At the end of the day, before the UK market ever went down to the EU, they have always had a very strong economy, they were always well able to survive. They have an identity of their own."

24. Paul Leonard pouring beer and handing glass to his son UPSOUND (English): "Hey Stephen, that's for you."

25. Stephen Leonard drinking beer in pub

26. Pan from river to bridge between Blacklion, Republic of Ireland and Belcoo, Northern Ireland (UK)

It's been 25 years since the Penallta Colliery fell silent: the river once black with soot is now green and nature has taken back its place in this valley in South Wales.

Eddie Cullen grew-up here in a family of miners and remembers the decline of the town and the sorrow at seeing the heart of his community torn away.

"Everyone was frightened when the pit shut," he says.

With dire poverty and high unemployment rates, South Wales has benefited from generous grants and financing schemes from the European Union to rejuvenate the area's economy.

Yet on 23 June - the day of the UK referendum - the region voted massively to leave the EU.

The modern highway connecting Brynmawr with other former coal-mining towns in the Valleys region of South Wales was partly funded by the European Union, replacing a three-lane road known for its many deadly accidents.

In Abbw Vale, where 62 percent voted out, EU funds have also been used to improve railway lines, open museums, schools and training centres built where the steel works once stood.

Paul Thomas, who voted 'remain', worries Brexit could jeopardise these achievements.

"There was going to be more development but we don't know what's going to happen now," he says.

But back in the old city centre retired truck driver John Thompson doesn't agree, saying that "there's been no benefit to this area at all"

"Leave" campaigners say many of the EU projects are gimmicky and haven't led to any tangible improvements for people.

Also, they consider the EU money as British money to begin with, since overall Britain contributes more money than it gets back from the EU.

Welsh Conservative leader Andrew RT Davies, was one politician to go against the party's UK leader, Prime Minister David Cameron, and vote for Britain to quit the EU

Davies used the metaphor of an out-of-control car to describe the EU, saying that people used the referendum to effectively say "I want to get out, the way this car is driven, we're going to hit a brick wall."

But for one Welsh company, Brexit was the brick wall.

In Pontypridd, a town climbing up misty hillsides north of Cardiff, Jenny Hughes said her education consultancy firm lost three potential contracts the day after the referendum as European partners pulled out.

Even though Wales receives hundreds of millions of pounds annually in EU funding, more than half of the Welsh electorate voted for Britain to leave the EU.

Puzzling many analysts, the "leave" vote was strongest in deprived post-industrial areas that have arguably benefited the most from EU support.

"Wales might have shot itself in the foot," says Ed Poole, lecturer in politics at Cardiff University, explaining that Wales has been one of the biggest net beneficiaries of being in the European Union.

A study he co-authored before the vote estimated that Wales receives a net annual benefit of 245 million (British) pounds (327 million US dollars) from the EU budget, or about 79 pounds (105 US dollars) per head.

That compares with a net contribution of 151 pounds (201 US dollars) per head for all of the United Kingdom.

It's possible, Poole says, that some voters didn't fully understand the role of EU funds in supporting their communities - or chose to ignore it.

It's been 25 years since the Penallta Colliery fell silent: the river once black with soot is now green and nature has taken back its place in this valley in South Wales.

Eddie Cullen grew-up here in a family of miners and remembers the decline of the town and the sorrow at seeing the heart of his community torn away.

"Everyone was frightened when the pit shut," he says.

With dire poverty and high unemployment rates, South Wales has benefited from generous grants and financing schemes from the European Union to rejuvenate the area's economy.

Yet on 23 June - the day of the UK referendum - the region voted massively to leave the EU.

The modern highway connecting Brynmawr with other former coal-mining towns in the Valleys region of South Wales was partly funded by the European Union, replacing a three-lane road known for its many deadly accidents.

In Abbw Vale, where 62 percent voted out, EU funds have also been used to improve railway lines, open museums, schools and training centres built where the steel works once stood.

Paul Thomas, who voted 'remain', worries Brexit could jeopardise these achievements.

"There was going to be more development but we don't know what's going to happen now," he says.

But back in the old city centre retired truck driver John Thompson doesn't agree, saying that "there's been no benefit to this area at all"

"Leave" campaigners say many of the EU projects are gimmicky and haven't led to any tangible improvements for people.

Also, they consider the EU money as British money to begin with, since overall Britain contributes more money than it gets back from the EU.

Welsh Conservative leader Andrew RT Davies, was one politician to go against the party's UK leader, Prime Minister David Cameron, and vote for Britain to quit the EU

Davies used the metaphor of an out-of-control car to describe the EU, saying that people used the referendum to effectively say "I want to get out, the way this car is driven, we're going to hit a brick wall."

But for one Welsh company, Brexit was the brick wall.

In Pontypridd, a town climbing up misty hillsides north of Cardiff, Jenny Hughes said her education consultancy firm lost three potential contracts the day after the referendum as European partners pulled out.

Even though Wales receives hundreds of millions of pounds annually in EU funding, more than half of the Welsh electorate voted for Britain to leave the EU.

Puzzling many analysts, the "leave" vote was strongest in deprived post-industrial areas that have arguably benefited the most from EU support.

"Wales might have shot itself in the foot," says Ed Poole, lecturer in politics at Cardiff University, explaining that Wales has been one of the biggest net beneficiaries of being in the European Union.

A study he co-authored before the vote estimated that Wales receives a net annual benefit of 245 million (British) pounds (327 million US dollars) from the EU budget, or about 79 pounds (105 US dollars) per head.

That compares with a net contribution of 151 pounds (201 US dollars) per head for all of the United Kingdom.

It's possible, Poole says, that some voters didn't fully understand the role of EU funds in supporting their communities - or chose to ignore it.

Hengoad - 29 June 2016

1. Various of abandoned coal mine

2. SOUNDBITE (English) Eddie Cullen, excavator driver:

"At first, everybody was frightened when the pit (coal mine) shut, but life has got to go on and we've still done well. There has been a lot of unemployment in Wales, but we've just got to travel further for the work, like me."

3. Cutaway of dog

4. SOUNDBITE (English) Eddie Cullen, excavator driver:

"Everybody has just had enough, you know. They want their identity back as a country, you know, rather than being run by people from outside the country."

5. Grafiti on abandoned coal mine reading (English) "Don't steal our heritage."

6. Various of abandoned coal mine

Near Brynmawr - 30 June 2016

7. Various of road sign indicating EU financing for the motorway

8. Traffic on motorway

Abbw Vale - 30 June 2016

9. Tilt down on piece of machinery from the old steel works that previously occupied site

10. Various of new college partially financed by the EU

11. Various of new recreational centre partially financed by the EU

12. SOUNDBITE (English) Paul Thomas, occupational therapist:

"My dad worked at the steelworks. He used to come home and tell us when we were kids that he'd have to use a push bike to go from one end of the factory to the other end of the factory. Sadly it's gone now, but with the EU funding we've got the leisure centre now, we've got the college, we've got the school, we've got the hospital. There was going to be more development here, but we don't know what's going to happen now."

Near Brynmawr - 30 June 2016

13. Various of the town

14. Street in centre of town with sign reading (English) "Vote Leave."

15. Close of Welsh flag

16. SOUNDBITE (English) John Thompson, retired truck driver:

"I would say no. We haven't seen no benefit to this area at all. They do leave us a road now as you know, you've seen the sign, the European sign on it, but what you've got to think about is: they don't give us nothing. It's our money, part of our money coming back to us. We've given them the money and they just send some back to us. They don't give us nothing really."

Cardiff - 29 June 2016

17. View over Cardiff Bay with National Theatre Wales in foreground

18. Close of sign reading (English and Welsh) "National Assembly for Wales."

19. SOUNDBITE (English) Andrew RT Davies, Welsh Conservative leader:

"Well, it's British money in the first place. It goes out there, and we leave 50 percent of that money out there and 50 percent comes back. So that's the narrative here. We are all for embracing cooperation with other countries, we are all for working as allies in national security and self-defence, but there comes a point where self-determination has to come into this as well."

20. Various of Andrew RT Davies, Welsh Conservative leader

21. SOUNDBITE (English) Andrew RT Davies, Welsh Conservative leader:

"Very often, these schemes will seem to be managed by elites and ultimately not delivering for the communities that were supposed to benefit, and so people actually used the opportunity of the referendum to say 'whoa, stop the car, I want to get out, the way this car is driven, we're going to hit a brick wall."

Pontypridd - 29 June 2016

22. Various of Jenny Hughes, co-founder of Pontydysgu, a Welsh educational research institute, looking at the company website

23. SOUNDBITE (English) Jenny Hughes, co-founder of Pontydysgu:

"So, all of a sudden, we personally can't tender for anymore, but more particularly, our partners or consortia that we work with are saying now, 'well, actually we don't want to work with you' - they do want to work with us but they don't feel they can because they don't know what's going to happen."

24. Hughes at her desk

Cardiff - 29 June 2016

25. Various of Ed Poole, lecturer in Politics and International Relations at Cardiff University, at his desk

26. SOUNDBITE (English) Ed Poole, lecturer in Politics and International Relations at Cardiff University:

"I would say that unfortunately, in the long term, Wales might have shot itself in the foot on an economic basis."

27. Cutaway

28. SOUNDBITE (English) Ed Poole, lecturer in Politics and International Relations at Cardiff University:

"It's not just the structural funds that benefit the poorest areas in Wales - that's to the tune of about 400 million (British) pounds (534 million US dollars) per year. It's also the agricultural policy, which is very specifically supporting small scale businesses, which is Wales' specialism because of the topography of Wales. It's about 260 million (pounds, 347 million US dollars) per year, and it's also access to the single market."

Merthyr Tydfil - 30 June 2016

29. Various of open-pit mine and surrounding landscape

In the sunny seaside resort city of Benidorm, which has a vibrant British community of around 3,500 people, British expats expressed their concerns about what a Brexit can mean for them, with work permits, health care and pensions among the top worries.

Their situation will be one of the things to be negotiated between the UK and the European Union in the coming months and years after Britain voted Thursday to leave the bloc.

The British expat community in Spain was split between those who could vote and those, like bar owner Chuck Daulson, who have lived away from Britain for longer than 15 years, disqualifying them from voting in the referendum.

He was concerned he would have to go back to Britain and lose all he's worked for in the 23 years he's lived and worked in Spain.

While being one of the largest communities of British people living abroad with around 300,000 officially registered as residents, Spain is a key holiday destination for British tourists.

The outcome of the vote was also a concern for Spaniards making a living off the tourism industry, which, in places like Benidorm, depends heavily on British travellers.

In the sunny seaside resort city of Benidorm, which has a vibrant British community of around 3,500 people, British expats expressed their concerns about what a Brexit can mean for them, with work permits, health care and pensions among the top worries.

Their situation will be one of the things to be negotiated between the UK and the European Union in the coming months and years after Britain voted Thursday to leave the bloc.

The British expat community in Spain was split between those who could vote and those, like bar owner Chuck Daulson, who have lived away from Britain for longer than 15 years, disqualifying them from voting in the referendum.

He was concerned he would have to go back to Britain and lose all he's worked for in the 23 years he's lived and worked in Spain.

While being one of the largest communities of British people living abroad with around 300,000 officially registered as residents, Spain is a key holiday destination for British tourists.

The outcome of the vote was also a concern for Spaniards making a living off the tourism industry, which, in places like Benidorm, depends heavily on British travellers.

Benidorm - June 24 2016

1. Various of beach in Benidorm

2. Various of tourists watching British Prime Minister David Cameron's resignation on TV in a bar

3. SOUNDBITE (English) Chuck Daulson, Englishman living in Spain for 23 years, 51-year-old bar owner:

"We're very scared because I've been here 23 years, I've got my house, my kids were born here, they've been to Spanish school, I've got a bar, I've got a lot to lose. If I go back to England, I've got nothing. No house. Nothing."

4. England flags hanging in the bar

5. SOUNDBITE (English) Chuck Daulson, Englishman living in Spain for 23 years, 51-year-old bar owner:

"We don't know how we're going to be now, we might have no pension, we might have no medical, we may have to sell our properties, we've lived here for a lot of years, we don't know how it's going to affect us anymore."

6. Various of Sarah, no last name given, serving customers in bar

7. SOUNDBITE (English) Sarah, 28-year-old Londoner living in Benidorm for 3 years, waitress:

"I've got my mum to vote on my behalf for me, I voted 'in' obviously. If we leave the EU, then it's bad on us expats who live here, obviously we'll lose our medical care, we'll lose our right to work without a work permit. Me and my boyfriend, we've lived here for 3 years, we won't get a chance to get a mortgage or anything like that now."

8. Various of people watching the news on TV at a terrace bar

9. SOUNDBITE (English) Julianne, (no last name given), 75-year-old English tourist in Benidorm, retired:

"We want to control our borders and make our own decisions, and for my grandchildren I think it would be better that we're on our own."

10. Various of newspaper stand

11. SOUNDBITE (Spanish) Gemma, (no last name given), Benidorm native working in the tourism industry:

"We make a living out of foreign people, I think 80 percent of tourists coming here to Benidorm and all the coast around are English."

12. Shot of tourist post at the beach

13. SOUNDBITE (Spanish) Gemma, (no last name given), Benidorm native working in the tourism industry:

"We think it can affect us a lot in our business, in the work that we do, so we're concerned about what can happen, and yes we're a little bit scared."

14. Various of Sterling vs Euro currency exchange sign being changed in the street

British residents in Spain were among those watching the EU referendum result closely on Thursday as the UK voted on whether to remain within or leave the European Union.

Spain has one of the largest communities of British people living abroad, with around 300-thousand Brits officially registered as residents.

It is also a key holiday destination for British tourists.

In the seaside resort city of Benidorn, which has a vibrant British community of around 3,500 people, Brits expressed their concerns on Thursday about what a 'Leave' vote would mean for local British residents and tourists, with a possible weaker pound being a key worry for some.

Most people were going out as usual and most clubs didn't broadcast the TV specials on the referendum, although early after polls closed in Britain some people were seen watching the results in at least a couple of bars in the area of Levante Beach.

The British expat community in Spain is split between those who can vote and those who have lived away from Britain for longer than fifteen years, disqualifying them from a say on whether the UK remains in union with their adopted country.

Many of them are afraid of the consequences of a potential Brexit for their status in Spain, which would depend on negotiations between the EU and the UK should the 'Leave' side triumph.

British residents in Spain were among those watching the EU referendum result closely on Thursday as the UK voted on whether to remain within or leave the European Union.

Spain has one of the largest communities of British people living abroad, with around 300-thousand Brits officially registered as residents.

It is also a key holiday destination for British tourists.

In the seaside resort city of Benidorn, which has a vibrant British community of around 3,500 people, Brits expressed their concerns on Thursday about what a 'Leave' vote would mean for local British residents and tourists, with a possible weaker pound being a key worry for some.

Most people were going out as usual and most clubs didn't broadcast the TV specials on the referendum, although early after polls closed in Britain some people were seen watching the results in at least a couple of bars in the area of Levante Beach.

The British expat community in Spain is split between those who can vote and those who have lived away from Britain for longer than fifteen years, disqualifying them from a say on whether the UK remains in union with their adopted country.

Many of them are afraid of the consequences of a potential Brexit for their status in Spain, which would depend on negotiations between the EU and the UK should the 'Leave' side triumph.

Benidorm - 23 June 2016

++NIGHT SHOTS++

1. Various of coast promenade in Benidorm

2. Close of Union Jack bunting

3. Various of nightclubs

4. Television screen showing news programme on EU Referendum

5. Louise Bell, 42-years-old, UK-born but has been living in Spain for 19 years, watching television programme on EU referendum

6. SOUNDBITE (English) Louise Bell, born in Nottingham but has been living in Spain for 19 years:

"I believe that it's not going to make much difference if we come out of the Euro (sic.). I think everything will stay more or less the same as it was 19 years ago; it's just that you would have to have a work permit to come over to Spain, which I think is more safer for the people travelling around, people with no papers will be more controlled. And my vote is out, because I'm English and I think I deserve, for my country, for my family, that they get the best from their own country."

7. Jim Lions and his wife, UK tourists, watching television coverage

8. SOUNDBITE (English) Jim Lions, 58-years-old, UK tourist in Benidorm:

"I have not voted because I've been here in Benidorm on holiday."

9. Close of Jim Lions

10. SOUNDBITE (English) Jim Lions, 58-years-old, UK tourist in Benidorm:

"I vote we stay in because it's good for a lot of British, could be a lot of problems if we go alone, it's good for companies, the company I work for we deal all over Europe, so it's very good for us."

11. Close of sign reading "Titanic Bar"

12. Bar customers having a drink and watching television coverage

13. SOUNDBITE (English) Denise Wood, 60-years-old, UK tourist:

"I voted by proxy before I came away, I voted to come out of the EU and I don't think that our country benefits from the EU, and I don't think that the politicians know what to do with the country."

14. Various of bars in Benidorm

British residents in Spain were among those watching the EU referendum result closely on Thursday as the UK voted whether to reamain a part of, or leave the European Union.

While one of the largest communities of British people living abroad with around 300,000 Brits officially registered as resident, Spain is also a key holiday destination for British tourists.

In the sunny seaside resort city of Benidorn, which has a vibrant British community of around 3,500 people, beachgoers expressed their concerns on Thursday about what a 'Leave' vote would mean for local British residents and tourists, with a possible weaker pound being a key worry for some.

The British expat community in Spain is split between those who can vote and those who have lived away from Britain for longer than fifteen years, disqualifying them from a say on whether the UK remains in union with their adopted country.

Many of them are afraid of the consequences of a potential Brexit for their status in Spain, which would depend on negotiations between the EU and the UK should the 'Leave' side triumph.

Some of the British people holidaying in Spain expressed their oppinion about the referendum.

British residents in Spain were among those watching the EU referendum result closely on Thursday as the UK voted whether to reamain a part of, or leave the European Union.

While one of the largest communities of British people living abroad with around 300,000 Brits officially registered as resident, Spain is also a key holiday destination for British tourists.

In the sunny seaside resort city of Benidorn, which has a vibrant British community of around 3,500 people, beachgoers expressed their concerns on Thursday about what a 'Leave' vote would mean for local British residents and tourists, with a possible weaker pound being a key worry for some.

The British expat community in Spain is split between those who can vote and those who have lived away from Britain for longer than fifteen years, disqualifying them from a say on whether the UK remains in union with their adopted country.

Many of them are afraid of the consequences of a potential Brexit for their status in Spain, which would depend on negotiations between the EU and the UK should the 'Leave' side triumph.

Some of the British people holidaying in Spain expressed their oppinion about the referendum.

Benidorm - 23 June 2016

1. Various of beach in Benidorm

2. SOUNDBITE (English) Karen Maining, 50-years-old, UK-born but has been living in Benidorm for 23 years, translator and teacher, cannot vote in the referendum:

"I'm unable to vote because I've lived here over the 10 year period, which makes me a permanent resident of Spain, but I'm obviously British born"

3. Beach

4. SOUNDBITE (English) Karen Maining, 50-years-old, UK-born but has been living in Benidorm for 23 years, translator and teacher, cannot vote in the referendum:

"I think a lot of people are very scared to leave; they'd like to leave but they're scared for the one reason that they live in Spain. I think the majority here that can vote would vote for in, because they're scared that they would have to leave. Again, that's a shame, because that's lack of information. You know, I don't think ... Spain does very well out of tourism, and I don't think in any instance would Spain want to lose the tourism that it has."

5. British tourists seated on a bar terrace

6. SOUNDBITE (English) Donald George, 71-years-old, Englishman traveling as tourist in Benidorm, voted 'Remain' via postal vote:

"If we leave the EU, I'm sure that the rate of Sterling against the Euro would … "Whooosh" (gesturing upwards with hands)…. It would explode, we couldn't afford to take our holidays in Europe anymore".

7. Various of Becky and her daughter playing on the beach

8. SOUNDBITE (English) Becky (no surname given), 25-years-old, from Leeds, housewife, voted 'Remain' via postal vote:

"I've postal-voted in for the sake of our country to be united and safe and welcoming to all".

9. Various of beach

10. Crowds drinking at bar

FOR CLEAN VERSION SEE STORY NUMBER: 4041332

LEAD IN:

Britons are preparing to head to the polls to vote on whether to remain in the European Union.

The June 23 vote is putting Britain's national identity under the spotlight. So what does being British mean in 2016?

STORY-LINE

The London Eye, Piccadilly Circus and the Houses of Parliament: three of Britain's top tourist attractions.

Last year 36 million visitors spent just over 22 billion pounds (31.5 billion US dollars) to see some of the most British of sites, according to government statistics.

One of the biggest draws for overseas visitors is the Royal family.

Queen Elizabeth II has just celebrated her 90th birthday with three days of official ceremonies.

The service in St Paul's Cathedral, the Trooping of the Colour and a picnic down the Mall were quintessentially 'British' events at sites that register on most tourists' 'to do' lists.

Robert Johnston, the fashion director of British GQ Magazine, says the Royal family is an important part of Britain's appeal to tourists.

"People come here for the traditions and the colour - the Trooping of the Colour literally - of all these things that make London and Britain such an historic nation," he says.

But there's more to Britain than royal pomp and circumstance.

Brand Britain has travelled the globe with famous faces, and places, flying the flag.

In the swinging sixties there was The Beatles.

In the seventies - the decade that the UK voted to remain in Europe the last time around - street fashion was gritty, torn and inspired a young group that shocked the world: The Sex Pistols.

The Glam Rock era of the seventies also launched David Bowie around the globe.

More recently, British style has been represented by supermodel Kate Moss, and David and Victoria Beckham.

Camden in North West London, the home of the late singer Amy Winehouse, epitomises a certain kind of gritty, street fashion.

Camden market has long been a major tourist trap, pulling in around 100,000 visitors every weekend, according to Tourist Information UK. Camden council says visitors to the borough spend 1.2 billion pounds (1.7 billion US dollars) in the area every year.

Over in East London, a different kind of street style is on display. The area around Shoreditch and Brick Lane is a hipster heartland of coffee shops and vintage fashion boutiques.

Brick Lane is also the heart of a thriving Bangladeshi community, and famous for its many curry houses.

Britain's cultural mix has long been seen in the nation's cuisine. Here on Brick Lane, you can sample one of Britain's most popular dishes, a Chicken Tikka Masala.

In the traditional Victorian seaside town of Margate, midweek day-trippers relax in the sun.

Despite the nation's changing tastes, there's still plenty of takers for the traditional British favourites, fish and chips and ale.

The British have become famous for their queuing abilities throughout the years.

A Visa Contactless study released in 2014 claims that the average Brit spends over 18 hours a year queuing. For Londoners, it's an average of 9.11 minutes per week.

Forty-four percent of the 2,000 consumers who took part in the online survey conducted by OnePoll, said that queuing was worse than doing the washing up.

The EU referendum takes place on June 23rd.

FOR CLEAN VERSION SEE STORY NUMBER: 4041332

LEAD IN:

Britons are preparing to head to the polls to vote on whether to remain in the European Union.

The June 23 vote is putting Britain's national identity under the spotlight. So what does being British mean in 2016?

STORY-LINE

The London Eye, Piccadilly Circus and the Houses of Parliament: three of Britain's top tourist attractions.

Last year 36 million visitors spent just over 22 billion pounds (31.5 billion US dollars) to see some of the most British of sites, according to government statistics.

One of the biggest draws for overseas visitors is the Royal family.

Queen Elizabeth II has just celebrated her 90th birthday with three days of official ceremonies.

The service in St Paul's Cathedral, the Trooping of the Colour and a picnic down the Mall were quintessentially 'British' events at sites that register on most tourists' 'to do' lists.

Robert Johnston, the fashion director of British GQ Magazine, says the Royal family is an important part of Britain's appeal to tourists.

"People come here for the traditions and the colour - the Trooping of the Colour literally - of all these things that make London and Britain such an historic nation," he says.

But there's more to Britain than royal pomp and circumstance.

Brand Britain has travelled the globe with famous faces, and places, flying the flag.

In the swinging sixties there was The Beatles.

In the seventies - the decade that the UK voted to remain in Europe the last time around - street fashion was gritty, torn and inspired a young group that shocked the world: The Sex Pistols.

The Glam Rock era of the seventies also launched David Bowie around the globe.

More recently, British style has been represented by supermodel Kate Moss, and David and Victoria Beckham.

Camden in North West London, the home of the late singer Amy Winehouse, epitomises a certain kind of gritty, street fashion.

Camden market has long been a major tourist trap, pulling in around 100,000 visitors every weekend, according to Tourist Information UK. Camden council says visitors to the borough spend 1.2 billion pounds (1.7 billion US dollars) in the area every year.

Over in East London, a different kind of street style is on display. The area around Shoreditch and Brick Lane is a hipster heartland of coffee shops and vintage fashion boutiques.

Brick Lane is also the heart of a thriving Bangladeshi community, and famous for its many curry houses.

Britain's cultural mix has long been seen in the nation's cuisine. Here on Brick Lane, you can sample one of Britain's most popular dishes, a Chicken Tikka Masala.

In the traditional Victorian seaside town of Margate, midweek day-trippers relax in the sun.

Despite the nation's changing tastes, there's still plenty of takers for the traditional British favourites, fish and chips and ale.

The British have become famous for their queuing abilities throughout the years.

A Visa Contactless study released in 2014 claims that the average Brit spends over 18 hours a year queuing. For Londoners, it's an average of 9.11 minutes per week.

Forty-four percent of the 2,000 consumers who took part in the online survey conducted by OnePoll, said that queuing was worse than doing the washing up.

The EU referendum takes place on June 23rd.

AP TELEVISION

London, UK - 22 February 2016

1. Wide of UK Houses of Parliament as London bus passes

London, UK - 16 June 2016

2. Wide of the London Eye

London, UK - 3 August 2015

3. Wide of Eros statue at Piccadilly Circus as London bus passes

London, UK - 16 June 2016

4. Wide of Buckingham Palace

London, UK - 7 June 2016

5. SOUNDBITE (English) Robert Johnston, Fashion Director of British GQ Magazine:

"People come here for the traditions and the colour - the Trooping of the Colour literally - all these things that make London and Britain such an historic nation."

AP TELEVISION

London, UK - 11 June, 2016

6. Various of Queen Elizabeth II at the Trooping of the Colour as part of her 90th birthday celebrations

UNIVERSAL ARCHIVES

London, UK - 31 October 1963

++BLACK AND WHITE FOOTAGE / MUTE++

++4:3++

7. Various of Beatles getting off plane in London

AP PHOTOS - NO ACCESS CANADA/BROADCAST USE ONLY/STRICTLY NO ACCESS ONLINE OR MOBILE

1973 (exact date and location unknown)

8. STILL of British glam rocker David Bowie seen in 1973 during his Ziggy Stardust period

AP TELEVISION

Date and location not available

++4:3++

9. Punk group The Sex Pistols playing and singing

AP TELEVISION

London, UK - 24 January 2012

++16:9++

10. Kate Moss at photo call, zoom in to close

POOL

London, UK - 27 November 2003

++4:3++

11. Wide of David Beckham with wife Victoria Beckham at Buckingham Palace

AP TELEVISION

London, UK - 3 July 2012

++16:9++

12. Wide of Camden sign

13. Girl wearing goth street fashion in Camden

London, UK - 16 June, 2016

14. Pull focus of street sign reading: (English) "Brick Lane E1"

15. A curry house on Brick Lane

Margate, UK - 8 June 2016

16 . Various of Margate beach and people relaxing in sunshine

17. Mid of shop owner serving fish and chips

18. Mid of man drinking pint of beer

19. Close of drinks on table in pub

London, UK - 16 June, 2016

20. Wide of people queuing for bus and getting on

London, UK - 16 June 2016

21. Mid of British souvenirs and postcards on sale in London

Margate, UK - 8 June 2016

22. Mid of British flag

LEAD IN:

Britons are preparing to head to the polls to vote on whether to remain in the European Union.

The June 23 vote is putting Britain's national identity under the spotlight. So what does being British mean in 2016?

STORY-LINE

The London Eye, Piccadilly Circus and the Houses of Parliament: three of Britain's top tourist attractions.

Last year 36 million visitors spent just over 22 billion pounds (31.5 billion US dollars) to see some of the most British of sites, according to government statistics.

One of the biggest draws for overseas visitors is the Royal family.

Queen Elizabeth II has just celebrated her 90th birthday with three days of official ceremonies.

The service in St Paul's Cathedral, the Trooping of the Colour and a picnic down the Mall were quintessentially 'British' events at sites that register on most tourists' 'to do' lists.

Robert Johnston, the fashion director of British GQ Magazine, says the Royal family is an important part of Britain's appeal to tourists.

"People come here for the traditions and the colour - the Trooping of the Colour literally - of all these things that make London and Britain such an historic nation," he says.

But there's more to Britain than royal pomp and circumstance.

Brand Britain has travelled the globe with famous faces, and places, flying the flag.

In the swinging sixties there was The Beatles.

In the seventies - the decade that the UK voted to remain in Europe the last time around - street fashion was gritty, torn and inspired a young group that shocked the world: The Sex Pistols.

The Glam Rock era of the seventies also launched David Bowie around the globe.

More recently, British style has been represented by supermodel Kate Moss, and David and Victoria Beckham.

Camden in North West London, the home of the late singer Amy Winehouse, epitomises a certain kind of gritty, street fashion.

Camden market has long been a major tourist trap, pulling in around 100,000 visitors every weekend, according to Tourist Information UK. Camden council says visitors to the borough spend 1.2 billion pounds (1.7 billion US dollars) in the area every year.

Over in East London, a different kind of street style is on display. The area around Shoreditch and Brick Lane is a hipster heartland of coffee shops and vintage fashion boutiques.

Brick Lane is also the heart of a thriving Bangladeshi community, and famous for its many curry houses.

Britain's cultural mix has long been seen in the nation's cuisine. Here on Brick Lane, you can sample one of Britain's most popular dishes, a Chicken Tikka Masala.

In the traditional Victorian seaside town of Margate, midweek day-trippers relax in the sun.

Despite the nation's changing tastes, there's still plenty of takers for the traditional British favourites, fish and chips and ale.

The British have become famous for their queuing abilities throughout the years.

A Visa Contactless study released in 2014 claims that the average Brit spends over 18 hours a year queuing. For Londoners, it's an average of 9.11 minutes per week.

Forty-four percent of the 2,000 consumers who took part in the online survey conducted by OnePoll, said that queuing was worse than doing the washing up.

The EU referendum takes place on June 23rd.

LEAD IN:

Britons are preparing to head to the polls to vote on whether to remain in the European Union.

The June 23 vote is putting Britain's national identity under the spotlight. So what does being British mean in 2016?

STORY-LINE

The London Eye, Piccadilly Circus and the Houses of Parliament: three of Britain's top tourist attractions.

Last year 36 million visitors spent just over 22 billion pounds (31.5 billion US dollars) to see some of the most British of sites, according to government statistics.

One of the biggest draws for overseas visitors is the Royal family.

Queen Elizabeth II has just celebrated her 90th birthday with three days of official ceremonies.

The service in St Paul's Cathedral, the Trooping of the Colour and a picnic down the Mall were quintessentially 'British' events at sites that register on most tourists' 'to do' lists.

Robert Johnston, the fashion director of British GQ Magazine, says the Royal family is an important part of Britain's appeal to tourists.

"People come here for the traditions and the colour - the Trooping of the Colour literally - of all these things that make London and Britain such an historic nation," he says.

But there's more to Britain than royal pomp and circumstance.

Brand Britain has travelled the globe with famous faces, and places, flying the flag.

In the swinging sixties there was The Beatles.

In the seventies - the decade that the UK voted to remain in Europe the last time around - street fashion was gritty, torn and inspired a young group that shocked the world: The Sex Pistols.

The Glam Rock era of the seventies also launched David Bowie around the globe.

More recently, British style has been represented by supermodel Kate Moss, and David and Victoria Beckham.

Camden in North West London, the home of the late singer Amy Winehouse, epitomises a certain kind of gritty, street fashion.

Camden market has long been a major tourist trap, pulling in around 100,000 visitors every weekend, according to Tourist Information UK. Camden council says visitors to the borough spend 1.2 billion pounds (1.7 billion US dollars) in the area every year.

Over in East London, a different kind of street style is on display. The area around Shoreditch and Brick Lane is a hipster heartland of coffee shops and vintage fashion boutiques.

Brick Lane is also the heart of a thriving Bangladeshi community, and famous for its many curry houses.

Britain's cultural mix has long been seen in the nation's cuisine. Here on Brick Lane, you can sample one of Britain's most popular dishes, a Chicken Tikka Masala.

In the traditional Victorian seaside town of Margate, midweek day-trippers relax in the sun.

Despite the nation's changing tastes, there's still plenty of takers for the traditional British favourites, fish and chips and ale.

The British have become famous for their queuing abilities throughout the years.

A Visa Contactless study released in 2014 claims that the average Brit spends over 18 hours a year queuing. For Londoners, it's an average of 9.11 minutes per week.

Forty-four percent of the 2,000 consumers who took part in the online survey conducted by OnePoll, said that queuing was worse than doing the washing up.

The EU referendum takes place on June 23rd.

AP Television

London, UK - 22 February 2016

1. Wide of UK Houses of Parliament as London bus passes

London, UK - 16 June 2016

2. Wide of the London Eye

London, UK - 3 August 2015

3. Wide of Eros statue at Piccadilly Circus as London bus passes

London, UK - 16 June 2016

4. Wide of Buckingham Palace

London, UK - 7 June 2016

5. SOUNDBITE (English) Robert Johnston, Fashion Director of British GQ Magazine:

"People come here for the traditions and the colour - the Trooping of the Colour literally - all these things that make London and Britain such an historic nation."

AP Television

London, UK - 11 June, 2016

6. Various of Queen Elizabeth II at the Trooping of the Colour as part of her 90th birthday celebrations

UNIVERSAL ARCHIVES

London, UK - 31 October 1963

++BLACK AND WHITE FOOTAGE / MUTE++

++4:3++

7. Various of Beatles getting off plane in London

AP PHOTOS - No Access Canada/Broadcast use only/Strictly No Access Online or Mobile

1973 (exact date and location unknown)

8. STILL of British glam rocker David Bowie seen in 1973 during his Ziggy Stardust period

AP Television

Date and location not available

++4:3++

9. Punk group The Sex Pistols playing and singing

AP Television

London, UK - 24 January 2012

++16:9++

10. Kate Moss at photo call, zoom in to close

UK POOL

London, UK - 27 November 2003

++4:3++

11. Wide of David Beckham with wife Victoria Beckham at Buckingham Palace

AP Television

London, UK - 3 July 2012

++16:9++

12. Wide of Camden sign

13. Girl wearing goth street fashion in Camden

London, UK - 16 June, 2016

14. Pull focus of street sign reading: (English) "Brick Lane E1"

15. A curry house on Brick Lane

Margate, UK - 8 June 2016

16 . Various of Margate beach and people relaxing in sunshine

17. Mid of shop owner serving fish and chips

18. Mid of man drinking pint of beer

19. Close of drinks on table in pub

London, UK - 16 June, 2016

20. Wide of people queuing for bus and getting on

London, UK - 16 June 2016

21. Mid of British souvenirs and postcards on sale in London

Margate, UK - 8 June 2016

22. Mid of British flag

With marching bands and all groups of society out in strength, Norway celebrates Constitution Day, taking pride in its sovereignty.

The small Scandinavian country's independence was hard won, having been ruled by Denmark for more than 400 years, and then by Sweden for nearly another century.

For some people, the experience of having been ruled from afar can explain Norway's reluctance to embrace the European Union project.

"We are on the edge of Europe and we know what it means to be governed from abroad," says Hans Petter Bergseth who is marching with friends from his skiing club. "I think it's deep in our soul that we want to be independent."

But whilst Norway has twice rejected EU membership in referendums in 1972 and 1994, the nation relies on a close relationship with Brussels. Seventy to 80 percent of all Norwegian exports go to the EU markets and cooperation is viewed as essential in the areas of education, research and many more.

Access to the EU's single market comes at a price.

Norway has signed up the European Economic Area (EEA) agreement, and therefore had to implement more than three quarters of all EU laws with no formal influence on how they are drafted.

More importantly, Norway has had to agree to four EU-style freedoms: free movement of goods, services, people and capital.

Today, Norway has more EU migrants per person than Britain. More than 300,000 EU nationals live here, mostly people from Poland and Sweden attracted by the prospects of high-paid jobs and a generous welfare state.

For many companies, this influx of foreign workers has been beneficial. In the small fishing village of Skjervoy several hours north of Tromso, a salmon processing plant has become dependent on foreign workers.

"We don't have enough Norwegian workers who want to work in the fish industry," explains plant manager Tore Pedersen.

Many of these foreign workers are from Romania, like Christian, who arrived nearly four years ago after growing tired of poorly paid jobs in Italy.

"I'm travelling with a Romanian passport, I've had no problem," he explains.

This factory processes 365 tons of fish per day: salmon fillets and whole fish destined for restaurants and dining tables across Europe. It's the main employer in the village, and managers say the business would not be able to grow without foreign workers willing to work the assembly lines.

Here, most workers are unionised and Pedersen says foreign workers are paid the same as Norwegians. Something the unions dispute.

Across the fishing industry, construction industry, hotel and restaurants, they report cases of employers using foreign workers that are not unionized and therefore don't benefit from the collective bargaining agreements that guarantee a minimum wage and regulated working conditions.

"If they don't know the system, they work up to 12 hours," complains union leader Gunn Paulsen, who was picketing a hotel during a four-week long strike across the Norwegian hotel industry calling for better pay. "They ruin it for the next (person) who's coming in, the Norwegians coming in who know the regulations."

Whilst many large hotel groups are unionized, smaller or independent ones without a protection are free to pay their staff whatever they wish. "However low they get in Norway they get higher than in other countries," said Paulsen.

For Professor Bjorn Hersoug from the Arctic University of Tromso, companies that seek to get around ordinary labour conditions by outsourcing the hiring for foreign workers represent a threat to the Norwegian model that balances free markets with a strong social welfare state.

"There is a fear of labour dumping," says Hersoug. "In some instances, it looks like they have working conditions that are considerably worse than agreed through the ordinary agreements for minimum wages for example."

But despite the challenges brought by the EEA agreement, cooperation with the EU and access to the single market remains essential for Norway.

"The EEA agreement is something I would call a corner stone in the Norwegian economy," says Elisabeth Aspaker, the Norwegian Minister of the EEA and EU Affairs.

"We have to face the reality that the EU is our most important market," she says. "We do need cooperation when it comes to research, education, and in many other aspects."

With marching bands and all groups of society out in strength, Norway celebrates Constitution Day, taking pride in its sovereignty.

The small Scandinavian country's independence was hard won, having been ruled by Denmark for more than 400 years, and then by Sweden for nearly another century.

For some people, the experience of having been ruled from afar can explain Norway's reluctance to embrace the European Union project.

"We are on the edge of Europe and we know what it means to be governed from abroad," says Hans Petter Bergseth who is marching with friends from his skiing club. "I think it's deep in our soul that we want to be independent."

But whilst Norway has twice rejected EU membership in referendums in 1972 and 1994, the nation relies on a close relationship with Brussels. Seventy to 80 percent of all Norwegian exports go to the EU markets and cooperation is viewed as essential in the areas of education, research and many more.

Access to the EU's single market comes at a price.

Norway has signed up the European Economic Area (EEA) agreement, and therefore had to implement more than three quarters of all EU laws with no formal influence on how they are drafted.

More importantly, Norway has had to agree to four EU-style freedoms: free movement of goods, services, people and capital.

Today, Norway has more EU migrants per person than Britain. More than 300,000 EU nationals live here, mostly people from Poland and Sweden attracted by the prospects of high-paid jobs and a generous welfare state.

For many companies, this influx of foreign workers has been beneficial. In the small fishing village of Skjervoy several hours north of Tromso, a salmon processing plant has become dependent on foreign workers.

"We don't have enough Norwegian workers who want to work in the fish industry," explains plant manager Tore Pedersen.

Many of these foreign workers are from Romania, like Christian, who arrived nearly four years ago after growing tired of poorly paid jobs in Italy.

"I'm travelling with a Romanian passport, I've had no problem," he explains.

This factory processes 365 tons of fish per day: salmon fillets and whole fish destined for restaurants and dining tables across Europe. It's the main employer in the village, and managers say the business would not be able to grow without foreign workers willing to work the assembly lines.

Here, most workers are unionised and Pedersen says foreign workers are paid the same as Norwegians. Something the unions dispute.

Across the fishing industry, construction industry, hotel and restaurants, they report cases of employers using foreign workers that are not unionized and therefore don't benefit from the collective bargaining agreements that guarantee a minimum wage and regulated working conditions.

"If they don't know the system, they work up to 12 hours," complains union leader Gunn Paulsen, who was picketing a hotel during a four-week long strike across the Norwegian hotel industry calling for better pay. "They ruin it for the next (person) who's coming in, the Norwegians coming in who know the regulations."

Whilst many large hotel groups are unionized, smaller or independent ones without a protection are free to pay their staff whatever they wish. "However low they get in Norway they get higher than in other countries," said Paulsen.

For Professor Bjorn Hersoug from the Arctic University of Tromso, companies that seek to get around ordinary labour conditions by outsourcing the hiring for foreign workers represent a threat to the Norwegian model that balances free markets with a strong social welfare state.

"There is a fear of labour dumping," says Hersoug. "In some instances, it looks like they have working conditions that are considerably worse than agreed through the ordinary agreements for minimum wages for example."

But despite the challenges brought by the EEA agreement, cooperation with the EU and access to the single market remains essential for Norway.

"The EEA agreement is something I would call a corner stone in the Norwegian economy," says Elisabeth Aspaker, the Norwegian Minister of the EEA and EU Affairs.

"We have to face the reality that the EU is our most important market," she says. "We do need cooperation when it comes to research, education, and in many other aspects."

AP TELEVISION

Tromso - 17 May 2016

1. Various of Constitution Day parade

2. SOUNDBITE (English) Hans Petter Bergseth, 53-year-old medical adviser:

"Well, it's a young nation. Quite a proud nation. We are on the edge of Europe and we know what it means to be governed from abroad or we know what it means to be governed by larger countries. So I think it's deep in our soul that we want to be independent pretty much yes."

3. Various of Constitution Day parade

AP TELEVISION

Skjervoy - 18 May 2016

4. Various of Skjervoy harbour

5. Various exteriors of salmon processing plant

6. SOUNDBITE (English) Tore Pedersen, Fish processing plant manager:

"We have 180 people working here at Skjervoy and 60 percent of the workers are from other countries. It's a fact that we don't have enough Norwegian workers who want to work in the fish industry, so we need people from other countries to come and work at Skjervoy."

7. Christian in front of the processing plant

8. SOUNDBITE (English) Christian, No last Name given, factory worker from Romania:

"My name is Christian and I come from Romania. I've been here for four years - almost four years. I'm travelling with a Romanian passport, I've don't have any problems with travel. We don't need a visa or something like that - it's very easy to come here from Romania. It's a nice country to come to."

9. Various of filleting assembly line

10. Various of salmon packaging line

11. Various of salmon slaughter room

AP TELEVISION

Tromso - 17 May, 2016

12. Various of Tromso seen from onboard a boat in the fjord

AP TELEVISION

Tromso - 20 May, 2016

13. Various of local hotel staff on strike

14. SOUNDBITE (English) Gunn Paulsen, Union Leader:

"Before the oil strikes (meaning the fall in oil prices) it has been good for Norway because you had to have people working here, but then it started what we call in Norway the 'Monkey business' - that they started to pay lower to the people from other places, because they accept it, because however low they get in Norway they get higher than in other countries. So this is the bad thing."

15. Cutaway

16. SOUNDBITE (English) Gunn Paulsen, Union Leader:

"If they don't know the system, they work up to 12 hours. It's not nice because they ruin it for the next (person) who's coming in, the Norwegians coming in who know the regulations - but you can't say anything to the others working like this, because it's okay, they've always been doing this."

AP TELEVISION

Tromso - 19 May, 2016

17. Various of Tromso harbour

18. Professor Bjorn Hersoug walking along harbour seafront

19. SOUNDBITE (English) Prof. Bjorn Hersoug, Arctic University of Tromso:

"You know, seen from the Norwegian point of view, if you can get around the ordinary salary conditions, the labour conditions by hiring a company from, for example, from Poland, and you make a deal with this Polish company where they provide you with the labour which is unorganised (non-unionized) then you are getting around the rules. You can legally pay them less, but that kind of undermines the whole Norwegian model in the longer run."

20. Cutaway

21. SOUNDBITE (English) Prof. Bjorn Hersoug, Arctic University of Tromso

"We see that we have a number of people coming from the European Union countries and in some instances it looks like they have working conditions that are considerably worse than agreed through the ordinary Norwegian agreements for minimum wages for example. So there is kind of a fear of labour dumping."

AP TELEVISION

Tromso, Norway - 17 MAY 2016

22. Various of Tromso seen from onboard a boat in the fjord

AP TELEVISION

Brussels, Belgium - 25 MAY 2016

23. Various of EU flags

24. SOUNDBITE (English) Elisabeth Aspaker, Minister of the EEA and EU Affairs:

"I think Norway is in a very special situation. We have this huge fortune in our oil, we have developed a solid welfare state and people think 'we can do by ourselves' or 'we can go on alone.' But in another way, we have to face the reality that the EU is our most important market, up to 70 or 80 percent of all the exported goods from Norway go to the EU market, and we do need cooperation when it comes to research, education, and in many other aspects. These days it's about migration, it's about security policy. So the EEA agreement is something I would call a corner stone in the Norwegian economy and if you go to the Parliament today, they will be a solid majority for the agreement although we are not a member of the EU."

32. Various of Norway House in Brussels

Talk to Brian Hall about economics, trading blocs, or the value of the British currency, and there's one factor, and one factor only, shaping his view in the June 23 referendum on whether Britain should stay in the European Union: immigration.

He's tired of eastern Europeans arriving on these shores, and he plans to use his vote to make that point.

"How it has changed is influx of Europeans from eastern Europe in Dover," said the proprietor of the W & G Hall convenience store. "It's dragged the town down because there has been 'white flight' as well which is what's happening and people are just moving away and the town is just 'going down the pan' (deteriorating)."

The "remain" camp led by Prime Minister David Cameron appears to have won the economic argument, with key business figures warning that leaving the EU might bring calamity, but the "leave" camp may be winning the emotional argument about how unchecked immigration is transforming British life.

Led by former London Mayor Boris Johnson and UK Independence Party chief Nigel Farage, they claim that British workers have been hurt because EU "freedom of movement" laws mean that Hungarians, Slovaks, Poles and others can come to Britain visa-free to live, work and claim benefits.

They warn that if Turkey joins the EU - a prospect that is not imminent - it will give millions more access to Britain. And they point out that Cameron's government has failed to make good on promises to cut immigration.

That's created plenty of resentment in Dover, Britain's prime port for ferry and vehicle traffic across the English Channel.

On a clear day, the coast of France is visible from Dover's famous white cliffs, and they provided a vital vantage point for the early detection of German bombers heading toward London during World War II. The concern now is not enemy attack - although an armed Russian submarine was recently intercepted in the Channel - but Europeans who arrive legally under the EU's rules guaranteeing the free movement of people.

To the chagrin of some locals, the rules give Poles, Slovaks, Romanians and others from countries admitted to the EU after the collapse of the Soviet bloc the same right to live and work in Dover as Britons who have been here for generations.

Some long-time residents say they are angry about having to compete for medical care and school places for their children with newcomers who have no ties to Britain.

The "leave" campaign has not spelled out how it intends to curb immigration, but its "Take Back Control" campaign slogan sums up the group's approach.

Its leaders argue that by walking away from the 28-nation bloc, Britain will once again be able to enact and enforce its own visa policies, without having its hands tied by the EU's implacable freedom of movement policies.

No longer, they say, would citizens of poorer Eastern European countries be able to come to Britain and enjoy the same privileges as Britons.

That argument is gaining traction in Dover, a slightly rundown small town.

"If we come out of the EU, we can support our own country which we should do, instead of helping everyone else out," said Paul Rayworth, a 48-year-old local, repeating a familiar claim made by legions of "leave" backers.

Three recent research reports that find EU immigrants actually pay more in taxes to Britain than they take out in benefits and services, according to the National Institute of Economic and Social Research in London.

And John Powell, Director of National Operations at Migrant Help UK is optimistic NGOs such as his can make a difference for the better.

"Of course, you get any group, anywhere, in any part of the country, in any country - there will always be some tension and the trick is to make people aware of each other's differences, to integrate them, to make them understand and then that's the trick there to living in harmony," he says.

"And I think by and large we do achieve it here. We have in the past put forward projects, for instance with the Roma community in Dover to help better integration and others."

The resentment of newcomers in Dover is hardly universal. Some residents believe Britain has an obligation to offer a helping hand.

To 58-year-old local Bill Burne, the world has changed and it is time to move on.

"I believe we are living under an illusion that we are still great. I don't know about leaving the European market because I don't know the effects of it but I feel we should have a reality check."

Talk to Brian Hall about economics, trading blocs, or the value of the British currency, and there's one factor, and one factor only, shaping his view in the June 23 referendum on whether Britain should stay in the European Union: immigration.

He's tired of eastern Europeans arriving on these shores, and he plans to use his vote to make that point.

"How it has changed is influx of Europeans from eastern Europe in Dover," said the proprietor of the W & G Hall convenience store. "It's dragged the town down because there has been 'white flight' as well which is what's happening and people are just moving away and the town is just 'going down the pan' (deteriorating)."

The "remain" camp led by Prime Minister David Cameron appears to have won the economic argument, with key business figures warning that leaving the EU might bring calamity, but the "leave" camp may be winning the emotional argument about how unchecked immigration is transforming British life.

Led by former London Mayor Boris Johnson and UK Independence Party chief Nigel Farage, they claim that British workers have been hurt because EU "freedom of movement" laws mean that Hungarians, Slovaks, Poles and others can come to Britain visa-free to live, work and claim benefits.

They warn that if Turkey joins the EU - a prospect that is not imminent - it will give millions more access to Britain. And they point out that Cameron's government has failed to make good on promises to cut immigration.

That's created plenty of resentment in Dover, Britain's prime port for ferry and vehicle traffic across the English Channel.

On a clear day, the coast of France is visible from Dover's famous white cliffs, and they provided a vital vantage point for the early detection of German bombers heading toward London during World War II. The concern now is not enemy attack - although an armed Russian submarine was recently intercepted in the Channel - but Europeans who arrive legally under the EU's rules guaranteeing the free movement of people.

To the chagrin of some locals, the rules give Poles, Slovaks, Romanians and others from countries admitted to the EU after the collapse of the Soviet bloc the same right to live and work in Dover as Britons who have been here for generations.

Some long-time residents say they are angry about having to compete for medical care and school places for their children with newcomers who have no ties to Britain.

The "leave" campaign has not spelled out how it intends to curb immigration, but its "Take Back Control" campaign slogan sums up the group's approach.

Its leaders argue that by walking away from the 28-nation bloc, Britain will once again be able to enact and enforce its own visa policies, without having its hands tied by the EU's implacable freedom of movement policies.

No longer, they say, would citizens of poorer Eastern European countries be able to come to Britain and enjoy the same privileges as Britons.

That argument is gaining traction in Dover, a slightly rundown small town.

"If we come out of the EU, we can support our own country which we should do, instead of helping everyone else out," said Paul Rayworth, a 48-year-old local, repeating a familiar claim made by legions of "leave" backers.

Three recent research reports that find EU immigrants actually pay more in taxes to Britain than they take out in benefits and services, according to the National Institute of Economic and Social Research in London.

And John Powell, Director of National Operations at Migrant Help UK is optimistic NGOs such as his can make a difference for the better.

"Of course, you get any group, anywhere, in any part of the country, in any country - there will always be some tension and the trick is to make people aware of each other's differences, to integrate them, to make them understand and then that's the trick there to living in harmony," he says.

"And I think by and large we do achieve it here. We have in the past put forward projects, for instance with the Roma community in Dover to help better integration and others."

The resentment of newcomers in Dover is hardly universal. Some residents believe Britain has an obligation to offer a helping hand.

To 58-year-old local Bill Burne, the world has changed and it is time to move on.

"I believe we are living under an illusion that we are still great. I don't know about leaving the European market because I don't know the effects of it but I feel we should have a reality check."

Dover - 10 June 2016

1. Pan of Dover

2. White cliffs and port

3. Ferry leaving port

4. Dover city centre

5. Various of pub with sign with menu, reading: (English) "We take euros"

6. Various of migrants in city centre

7. Exterior of W & G Hall convenience store

8. Various set up of Brian Hall, owner of W & G Hall convenience store

9. SOUNDBITE (English): Brian Hall, owner of W & G Hall convenience store

"Well, how it has changed is influx of Europeans from eastern Europe. In Dover it's mainly Roma gypsies as well. So, you know, I've not had a problem. We've had Poles here, hardworking. But the percentage of them (migrants) in the town has just become too much, you know. It's dragged the town down because there has been 'white flight' as well which is what's happening and people are just moving away and the town is just 'going down the pan' (deteriorating)."

10. Flags of teams playing in the European Championships in France

11. SOUNDBITE (English): Brian Hall, owner of W & G Hall convenience store

"I get on with everybody, I've been here 40 years, I'm a pillar of the community and the town's just changed out of all recognition and not for the better. I'm not saying it's just because of the immigrants coming in. I think seaside towns generally in this country, whether it be Margate, Ramsgate, Hastings - you know they seem to get more than their fair share. I know there's other places around the country, like Peterborough and Boston, where the agricultural workers are, in Cambridgeshire. So... they, they just don't seem to... they're never going to integrate as they should."

12. Various of England paraphernalia in shop

13. Various of England (St George) flag in a house window

14. Various set up shots of John Powell, Director of National Operations at Migrant Help UK

15. SOUNDBITE (English): John Powell, Director of National Operations at Migrant Help UK

"Of course, you get any group, anywhere, in any part of the country, in any country - there will always be some tension and the trick is to make people aware of each other's differences, integrate them, make them understand and then that's the trick there to living in harmony. And I think by and large we do achieve it here. We have in the past put forward projects, for instance with the Roma community in Dover, to help better integration and others."

16. Dover town hall

17. Monument to those killed in the First and Second World War outside town hall

18. Main shopping street in Dover

19. Flags of European countries

20. SOUNDBITE (English): Paul Rayworth, 48-year-old local

"If we come out of the EU, we can support our own country which we should do, instead of helping everyone else out. Billions, and all that - the money is going nowhere, innit? It's, like, just draining us dry. We used to be Great Britain. Now we're just Britain so really we should get the 'great' back and sort ourselves out really, shouldn't we?"

21. Mid of street

22. SOUNDBITE (English): Jason Lancett, 48-year-old construction worker

"I'll be voting out because a lot of political reasons. One, immigration. Two, fishermen, the local fishermen. Three, the local homeless people. There are more homeless people in Dover as you can see, more drug addicts. The people they do let into the country, they're not contributing into the community. I'll be voting out and that's one of the reasons."

23. Mid of street

24. SOUNDBITE (English): Bill Burne, 58-year-old local

"I believe we are living under an illusion that we are still 'great'. I don't know about leaving the European market because I don't know the effects of it. But I feel we should have a reality check."

25. Various of port

26. Various wide shots of Dover

27. Wide of Dover castle

FOR CLEAN VERSION SEE STORY NUMBER: 4040966

LEAD IN

Britons are preparing to head to the polls to vote on whether to remain in the European Union.

The June 23 vote is putting Britain's national identity under the spotlight.

So what does being British mean in 2016?

STORY-LINE

The London Eye, Piccadilly Circus and the Houses of Parliament: three of Britain's top tourist attractions.

Last year 36 million visitors spent just over 22 billion pounds (31.5 billion US dollars) to see some of the most British of sites, according to government statistics.

One of the biggest draws for overseas visitors is the royal family.

Queen Elizabeth II has just celebrated her 90th birthday with three days of official ceremonies.

The service in St Paul's Cathedral, the Trooping of the Colour and a picnic down the Mall were quintessentially 'British' events at sites that register on most tourists' 'to do' lists.

Robert Johnston, the fashion director of British GQ Magazine, says the Royal family is an important part of Britain's appeal to tourists.

"One thing that Britain has is a very recognisable figurehead in HM The Queen who has been amazing, and people come here for the traditions and the colour - the Trooping of the Colour literally - of all these things that make London and Britain such an historic nation," he says.

But there's more to Britain than royal pomp and circumstance.

Brand Britain has travelled the globe with famous faces, and places, flying the flag.

In the swinging sixties there was Carnaby Street, The Beatles, and The Rolling Stones. In the seventies - the decade that the UK voted to remain in Europe the last time around - street fashion was gritty, torn and inspired a young group that shocked the world: The Sex Pistols.

The Glam Rock era of the seventies also launched David Bowie around the globe. A style icon, the lad from South London epitomises Brand Britain of the past.

More recently, British style has been represented by supermodel Kate Moss, and David and Victoria Beckham.

Johnston says British style is about extremes.

"From a style perspective, you tend to come up with two almost polar opposites. Because there's one: Posh, you think bowler hats, you think Saville Row you think pin-stripe suits, you think point-to-point. But simultaneously, you also think street scene, you think east London, you think hipsters, you think the most vibrant street fashion possibly in the world."

Camden in North West London, the home of the late singer Amy Winehouse, epitomises a certain kind of gritty, street fashion.

Camden market has long been a major tourist trap, pulling in around 100,000 visitors every weekend, according to Tourist Information UK. Camden council says visitors to the borough spend 1.2 billion pounds (1.7 billion US dollars) in the area every year.

Over in East London, a different kind of street style is on display. The area around Shoreditch and Brick Lane is a hipster heartland of coffee shops and vintage fashion boutiques.

Brick Lane is also the heart of a thriving Bangladeshi community, and famous for its many curry houses.

A 2014 report called ' A Portrait of Modern Britain' by the UK think tank Policy Exchange claims that over the past decade the UK's white population has remained roughly the same, while the minority population has almost doubled.

Black Africans and Bangladeshis are the fastest growing minority communities.

Britain's cultural mix has long been seen in the nation's cuisine. Here on Brick Lane, you can sample one of Britain's most popular dishes, a Chicken Tikka Masala.

It's classed by many as a national dish - as British as a bag of fish and chips.

Johnston says the dish is a great example of how Britain takes influences from other cultures and makes them its own.

"The British national dish is chicken tikka masala. British fashion, what we think as being very, very British such as punk, we repackaged it really - we're the David Bowie of nations we have a great ability to spot what's going on, take it and re-sell it to the world," says Johnston.

In the traditional Victorian seaside town of Margate, midweek day-trippers relax in the sun.

Among them is Iain Aitch, an English writer and journalist, and the author of 'We're British, Innit'.

He says Britishness is a complicated concept.

"Almost like an amalgamation and a collection of different things that have happened over time rather than one particular thing you can put your finger on, and those things change as well. So, for example in Britain, everyone might say a Sunday roast or fish and chips, that's a quintessentially British meal, but then suddenly everyone says it's chicken tikka masala."

But despite the nation's changing tastes, there's still plenty of takers for the traditional British favourites, fish and chips and ale.

Another long standing British favourite is the tennis tournament at Wimbledon, which this year takes place from 27 June to 10 July.

It conjours up Pimms, strawberries and cream, and queues.

The British have become famous for their queuing abilities throughout the years.

A Visa Contactless study released in 2014 claims that the average Brit spends over 18 hours a year queuing. For Londoners, it's an average of 9.11 minutes per week.

Forty-four percent of the 2,000 consumers who took part in the online survey conducted by OnePoll, said that queuing was worse than doing the washing up.

"Another trait of ours is this sort of weird not wanting to complain about things. So, someone pushes into a queue we probably won't say anything about it. We'll sort of myther (meaning be irritated) and we'll be annoyed about it behind the scenes, we might say to our friends; 'Did you see that?' but we probably won't actually confront the person that's pushed into the queue," says Aitch.

What is British in 2016 depends on who you ask.

Bridget Moore says: "I think it's just being able to enjoy being at the seaside on a beautiful day and that's being British."

Rob Moore thinks it's a sense of humour. "I think it's self-deprecating humour. This is what distinguishes us from Americans mainly and probably from many Europeans, particularly the French and the Germans."

While for Sue Bernard, being British is about taking pride in your national identity.

With the EU referendum coming up, a new chapter in Britain's history may be about to begin.

The EU referendum takes place on June 23rd.

FOR CLEAN VERSION SEE STORY NUMBER: 4040966

LEAD IN

Britons are preparing to head to the polls to vote on whether to remain in the European Union.

The June 23 vote is putting Britain's national identity under the spotlight.

So what does being British mean in 2016?

STORY-LINE

The London Eye, Piccadilly Circus and the Houses of Parliament: three of Britain's top tourist attractions.

Last year 36 million visitors spent just over 22 billion pounds (31.5 billion US dollars) to see some of the most British of sites, according to government statistics.

One of the biggest draws for overseas visitors is the royal family.

Queen Elizabeth II has just celebrated her 90th birthday with three days of official ceremonies.

The service in St Paul's Cathedral, the Trooping of the Colour and a picnic down the Mall were quintessentially 'British' events at sites that register on most tourists' 'to do' lists.

Robert Johnston, the fashion director of British GQ Magazine, says the Royal family is an important part of Britain's appeal to tourists.

"One thing that Britain has is a very recognisable figurehead in HM The Queen who has been amazing, and people come here for the traditions and the colour - the Trooping of the Colour literally - of all these things that make London and Britain such an historic nation," he says.

But there's more to Britain than royal pomp and circumstance.

Brand Britain has travelled the globe with famous faces, and places, flying the flag.

In the swinging sixties there was Carnaby Street, The Beatles, and The Rolling Stones. In the seventies - the decade that the UK voted to remain in Europe the last time around - street fashion was gritty, torn and inspired a young group that shocked the world: The Sex Pistols.

The Glam Rock era of the seventies also launched David Bowie around the globe. A style icon, the lad from South London epitomises Brand Britain of the past.

More recently, British style has been represented by supermodel Kate Moss, and David and Victoria Beckham.

Johnston says British style is about extremes.

"From a style perspective, you tend to come up with two almost polar opposites. Because there's one: Posh, you think bowler hats, you think Saville Row you think pin-stripe suits, you think point-to-point. But simultaneously, you also think street scene, you think east London, you think hipsters, you think the most vibrant street fashion possibly in the world."

Camden in North West London, the home of the late singer Amy Winehouse, epitomises a certain kind of gritty, street fashion.

Camden market has long been a major tourist trap, pulling in around 100,000 visitors every weekend, according to Tourist Information UK. Camden council says visitors to the borough spend 1.2 billion pounds (1.7 billion US dollars) in the area every year.

Over in East London, a different kind of street style is on display. The area around Shoreditch and Brick Lane is a hipster heartland of coffee shops and vintage fashion boutiques.

Brick Lane is also the heart of a thriving Bangladeshi community, and famous for its many curry houses.

A 2014 report called ' A Portrait of Modern Britain' by the UK think tank Policy Exchange claims that over the past decade the UK's white population has remained roughly the same, while the minority population has almost doubled.

Black Africans and Bangladeshis are the fastest growing minority communities.

Britain's cultural mix has long been seen in the nation's cuisine. Here on Brick Lane, you can sample one of Britain's most popular dishes, a Chicken Tikka Masala.

It's classed by many as a national dish - as British as a bag of fish and chips.

Johnston says the dish is a great example of how Britain takes influences from other cultures and makes them its own.

"The British national dish is chicken tikka masala. British fashion, what we think as being very, very British such as punk, we repackaged it really - we're the David Bowie of nations we have a great ability to spot what's going on, take it and re-sell it to the world," says Johnston.

In the traditional Victorian seaside town of Margate, midweek day-trippers relax in the sun.

Among them is Iain Aitch, an English writer and journalist, and the author of 'We're British, Innit'.

He says Britishness is a complicated concept.

"Almost like an amalgamation and a collection of different things that have happened over time rather than one particular thing you can put your finger on, and those things change as well. So, for example in Britain, everyone might say a Sunday roast or fish and chips, that's a quintessentially British meal, but then suddenly everyone says it's chicken tikka masala."

But despite the nation's changing tastes, there's still plenty of takers for the traditional British favourites, fish and chips and ale.

Another long standing British favourite is the tennis tournament at Wimbledon, which this year takes place from 27 June to 10 July.

It conjours up Pimms, strawberries and cream, and queues.

The British have become famous for their queuing abilities throughout the years.

A Visa Contactless study released in 2014 claims that the average Brit spends over 18 hours a year queuing. For Londoners, it's an average of 9.11 minutes per week.

Forty-four percent of the 2,000 consumers who took part in the online survey conducted by OnePoll, said that queuing was worse than doing the washing up.

"Another trait of ours is this sort of weird not wanting to complain about things. So, someone pushes into a queue we probably won't say anything about it. We'll sort of myther (meaning be irritated) and we'll be annoyed about it behind the scenes, we might say to our friends; 'Did you see that?' but we probably won't actually confront the person that's pushed into the queue," says Aitch.

What is British in 2016 depends on who you ask.

Bridget Moore says: "I think it's just being able to enjoy being at the seaside on a beautiful day and that's being British."

Rob Moore thinks it's a sense of humour. "I think it's self-deprecating humour. This is what distinguishes us from Americans mainly and probably from many Europeans, particularly the French and the Germans."

While for Sue Bernard, being British is about taking pride in your national identity.

With the EU referendum coming up, a new chapter in Britain's history may be about to begin.

The EU referendum takes place on June 23rd.

AP Television

London, UK - 16 June 2016

++16:9++

1. Various of the London Eye

AP Television

London, UK - 3 August 2015

++16:9++

2. Wide of Eros statue at Piccadilly Circus as London bus passes

3. Wide of Piccadilly Circus

AP Television

London, UK - 22 February 2016

++16:9++

4. Wide of UK Houses of Parliament as London bus passes

5. Close of clock face at the top of Elizabeth Tower, which houses Big Ben

AP Television

London, UK - 16 June 2016

++16:9++

6. Wide of Big Ben as seen from Buckingham Palace

7. Wide of Buckingham Palace

8. Wide of Queen Victoria memorial outside Buckingham Palace

UK POOL

London, UK - 3 June 2012

++16:9++

9. Mid of Queen Elizabeth II with Prince Philip (centre), Charles (left) and Camilla (right) on royal barge during Diamond Jubilee celebrations

10. Mid of Duke and Duchess of Cambridge and Prince Harry on royal barge

11. Pull out of royal barge sailing down River Thames during Diamond Jubilee celebrations

AP Television

London, UK - 7 June 2016

++16:9++

12. Various setup shots of Robert Johnston, Fashion Director of British GQ Magazine, reading copy of 'GQ' magazine

13. SOUNDBITE (English) Robert Johnston, Fashion Director of British GQ Magazine:

"One thing that Britain has is a very recognisable figurehead in HM The Queen who has been amazing, and people come here for the traditions and the colour - the Trooping of the Colour literally - all these things that make London and Britain such an historic nation."

AP Television

London, UK - 11 June, 2016

++16:9++

14. Various of Queen Elizabeth II at the Trooping of the Colour as part of her 90th birthday celebrations

AP Television

London, UK, - 25 January 1967

++BLACK AND WHITE FOOTAGE / MUTE++

++4:3++

15. Mid of man modelling suit and opening fur coat

16. Mid zoom into man in cape

17. Close tilt up of man in fitted trousers and dress blazer

AP Television

London, UK - 1960s

++BLACK AND WHITE FOOTAGE / MUTE++

++4:3++

18. Various of man looking at shop in Carnaby Street

19. Mid of shop in Carnaby Street

20. Tilt up of mannequin outside shop

21. Close tilt down of man putting shirt in carrier bag

22. Wide of man by scooters

UNIVERSAL ARCHIVES

London, UK - 31 October 1963

++BLACK AND WHITE FOOTAGE / MUTE++

++4:3++

23. Various of Beatles getting off plane in London

UPITN

London, UK - 5 July 1969

++BLACK AND WHITE FOOTAGE++

++4:3++

24. Various of Rolling Stones pop concert in London's Hyde Park

AP Television

Date and location not available

++4:3++

25. Various of punk group The Sex Pistols playing and singing

AP Television

USA - 2005 (exact date and location unknown)

++4:3++

26. Mid of David Bowie and fashion model Iman

AP Television

Tokyo, Japan - 8 March 2004

++4:3++

27. Pull in of David Bowie arriving at news conference

AP PHOTOS - No Access Canada/Broadcast use only/Strictly No Access Online or Mobile

1973 (exact date and location unknown)

28. STILL of British glam rocker David Bowie seen in 1973 during his Ziggy Stardust period

AP PHOTOS - No Access Canada/Broadcast use only/Strictly No Access Online or Mobile

Philadelphia, USA - 1 December 1972

29. STILL of David Bowie in his Ziggy Stardust period pictured in Philadelphia

AP PHOTOS - No Access Canada/Broadcast use only/Strictly No Access Online or Mobile

New York, USA - 15 December 2003

30. STILL of David Bowie launching his United States leg of his worldwide tour called "A Reality Tour," at Madison Square Garden in New York

AP Television

London, UK - 30 April 2007

++4:3++

31. Various of Kate Moss launching collection in Top Shop window on Oxford Street

AP Television

London, UK - 24 January 2012

++16:9++

32. Wide of Kate Moss arriving at photo call, zoom in to close

UK POOL

London, UK - 27 November 2003

++4:3++

33. Various of David Beckham with wife Victoria Beckham at Buckingham Palace

AP Television

London, UK - August 2000

++4:3++

34. Various of David and Victoria Beckham at CD signing

AP Television

London, UK - 7 June 2016

++16:9++

35. SOUNDBITE (English) Robert Johnston, Fashion Director of British GQ Magazine:

"From a style perspective, you tend to actually come up with two almost polar opposites. Because there's one: posh. You think bowler hats, you think Saville Row you think pin-striped suits, you think point-to-point. But simultaneously, you also think street scene, you think east London, you think hipsters, you think the most vibrant street fashion possibly in the world."

AP Television

London, UK - 3 July 2012

++16:9++

36. Various of punk and goth street fashion in Camden

AP Television

London, UK - 16 June, 2016

++16:9++

37. Various of hipster in Brick Lane cafe

38. Various of hipsters on street in Brick Lane

39. Wide of street art of car crushed by bomb

40. Pull focus of street sign reading: (English) "Brick Lane E1"

41. Various of curry houses on Brick Lane

42. Various of menu for curry house selling Chicken Tikka Masala

AP Television

London, UK - 7 June 2016

++16:9++

43. SOUNDBITE (English) Robert Johnston, Fashion Director of British GQ Magazine:

"The British national dish is chicken tikka masala. British fashion, what we think as being very, very British such as punk, we repackaged it really - we took it from New York. We're the David Bowie of nations, we have a great ability to spot what's going on, take it and re-sell it to the world."

AP Television

Margate, UK - 8 June 2016

++16:9++

44 . Various of Margate beach and people relaxing in sunshine

45. Setup shot of author Iain Aitch looking out across beach

46. Cutaway of seagull on beach

47. SOUNDBITE (English) Iain Aitch, Author:

"Almost like an amalgamation and a collection of different things that have happened over time rather than one particular thing you can put your finger on, and those things change as well. So, for example in Britain, everyone might say a Sunday roast or fish and chips, that's a quintessentially British meal, but then suddenly everyone says it's chicken tikka masala."

48. Various of shop owner serving fish and chips

49. Mid of man drinking pint of beer

50. Close of drinks on table in pub

51. Various of woman pulling pint of beer and placing it on bar

UNIVERSAL ARCHIVES

London, UK - 1935

++BLACK AND WHITE FOOTAGE++

++4:3++

52. Various archive footage of Britain's Fred Perry defeating Baron von Cramm of Germany to win the Wimbledon Men's Singles title

AP Television

London, UK - 29 June 2015

++16:9++

53. Pan right from couple looking at an order of play board at Wimbledon Tennis Championships

54. Pull out of queue outside the All England Lawn Tennis Club

AP Television

London, UK - 16 June, 2016

++16:9++

55. Various of people queuing for bus and getting on

AP Television

Margate, UK - 8 June 2016

++16:9++

56. SOUNDBITE (English) Iain Aitch, Author:

"Another trait of ours is this sort of weird not wanting to complain about things. So, if someone pushes into a queue, we probably won't say anything about it. We'll sort of myther and we'll be annoyed about it behind the scenes, we might say to our friends; 'Did you see that?' but we probably won't actually confront the person that's pushed into the queue."

57. Wide of beach and people relaxing in sunshine

58. SOUNDBITE (English) Bridget Moore, Vox pop:

"I think it's just being able to enjoy being at the seaside on a beautiful day and that's being British."

59. Wide of family relaxing in sunshine

60. SOUNDBITE (English) Rob Moore, Vox pop:

"I think it's self-deprecating humour. This is what distinguishes us from Americans mainly and probably from many Europeans, particularly the French and the Germans."

61. Wide of ice cream sign

62. SOUNDBITE (English) Sue Bernard, Vox pop:

"I think pride, that's what I think. British people have got a pride of being British."

AP Television

London, UK - 16 June 2016

++16:9++

63. Various of British souvenirs and postcards on sale in London

AP Television

Margate, UK - 8 June 2016

++16:9++

64. Mid of British flag

LEAD IN

Britons are preparing to head to the polls to vote on whether to