FOR CLEAN VERSION SEE STORY NUMBER: 4080859

LEAD IN:

London has always been one of the world's leading lights in the fashion industry - but has Brexit dulled some of its shine?

At the Pure London fashion retail show - and with London Fashion Week on the horizon - brand owners and designers give their views on doing business in Brexit Britain.

STORY-LINE:

On the catwalk at Pure London it's business as usual.

The models strut their stuff to the music and packed crowds squeeze in for a glimpse of the latest trends.

But behind the flash and the glamour - is London still an attractive venue for fashion brands?

With Britain voting to leave the EU, and uncertainty hanging over all sectors of industry, the UK's fashion talent is preparing to weather the storm.

Maggie Song studied fashion in Beijing but came to the UK 13 years ago to make her name in the industry she loves.

In this time she has founded three labels, her most successful brand is Jolie Moi which can be found in some of the UK's largest department stores (John Lewis, Debenhams, House of Fraser).

She considers her business to be small to medium sized. Her clothes are designed in the UK but the materials and production happen in China.

When the result of the Brexit vote was announced she was on a business trip in Beijing and recalls her horror at hearing the news.

"I was shocked (when she heard the Brexit result). I couldn't think anything and also I couldn't speak, so, I was watching the exchange rate on the Internet, I can see the drop, the pound, this dramatic drop to the dollar and immediately I realised how tough it will be for small business," she says.

Song is expecting a tough 2017 as the low value of the pound starts to bite. She expects she will have to lower her margins to absorb the impact of Brexit.

But not everybody is suffering from the falling pound, according to Pure London's show director Julie Driscoll.

"So the exchange rate means for international brands it's really easy for them to enter the UK market, so more than ever before we're seeing international companies, international fashion collections wanting to come to the UK to explore opportunities and indeed this means this is our largest Pure London ever," she says.

One of the foreign fashion brands visiting Pure London for the first time is French jewellery maker Pas Si Sages Bijoux (Not So Wise) from Lyon.

Their funky, Bohemian-inspired jewellery is low/to mid priced and is all designed and produced in France. They are now looking to expand into the British market.

Chloe Chenu, the director of Pas Si Sages Bijoux, demonstrates the latest product - a back necklace.

She believes Brexit has not changed anything in the fashion world and thinks the UK is still a great place to do business... perhaps thanks to the eccentric English style.

"London is always the place for fashion, the most important in the world, even after Brexit, that doesn't change anything. We always come to sell products, English people are always eccentric and they want French products," she says.

It's the same story for Turkish designer Ece Kavran, whose range called Urun features minimalist, classic pieces.

She says London is still top of her list for places to do business because of its pace and willingness to try new brands. She says in France and Italy the market is much slower and more traditional.

"But England is an expandable market, it's forever open to the new idea, to the new brand, and I think that's what makes it, England, very compelling for us," she says.

But fashion is more than just sales and spreadsheets, it's about creating brands - and there is no bigger brand than a country itself. So has brand Britain been tarnished by its decision to leave the EU?

Personal stylist Justyna Szal is at the show to soak up inspiration for new season looks.

She is originally from near Krakow in Poland, but works in London - dressing and making her clients look as on trend as possible.

Szal likes the idea of Brexit and does not feel it has had any negative impact on London as a fashion hub. In fact, she's quite enjoying all the attention, with the eyes of the world turning to Britain.

"No, I haven't found it less interesting. I actually found it more interesting because of the whole situation people are starting to be more interested in the UK and I think actually it's a pleasant advantage and the fashion business hasn't been more in bloom than it is nowadays," she says.

According to an industry report, compiled by Inside Retail, fashion is worth 50 billion UK pounds (approx. 62 billion US dollars) per annum in the UK - the second most important retail sector only behind food.

The British Retail Consortium estimates that in October 2015, online accounted for 26.3 per cent of total clothing sales - even higher for footwear.

The UK is already the world leader in online fashion sales, leading France, Germany, Japan and the USA.

Keely Stocker is the editor of Drapers, a long-running fashion industry magazine.

In a typically British way, she thinks this is a time to keep calm and carry on.

"I think it's definitely a challenging time, mainly because of the uncertainty more than anything else," she says. "But I think those people that are doing well are the ones that are really focusing on their customer, focusing on their product and just getting on with it until we know exactly what that (Brexit) is going to mean."

One of those at the show who is hoping to do just that is Bilguun Brower, owner of Mongolian Kingdom.

He is buying high-end Mongolian woollen products and selling them in the UK. The fall in value of the pound is an issue he will have to contend with in the coming years, but Brower believes there is a strong market for his products in the UK because of its damp, cold climate.

Exhibiting for the first time, he is introducing his new line of yak's wool scarves.

Brower, and the other small British business owners at Pure, will all be hoping the UK can secure strong trade deals as quickly as possible.

Pure London is one of the leading fashion retail shows in the Europe, with over 11,000 buyers visiting the show between February 12-14.

London, UK - 12 February 2017

1. Mid of woman on catwalk in furry coat and sunglasses

2. Various of woman in camel coat with long scarf on catwalk

3. Cutaway of woman taking photo of catwalk

4. Mid of woman in grey dress with metal bead shoulder attachments

5. Various set up shots of Maggie Song, owner of labels, Jolie Moi and Emily & Me, taking red dress from peg

6. SOUNDBITE: (English) Maggie Song, British fashion labels owner (Jolie Moi and Emily & Me):

"I was shocked (when she heard the Brexit result). I couldn't think anything and also I couldn't speak, so, I was watching the exchange rate on the internet, I can see the drop, the pound, this dramatic drop to the dollar and immediately I realised how tough it will be for small business."

7. Mid of show visitors walking

8. Mid of woman hanging jacket

9. Various of man looking at shoes

10. Various set up shots of Pure London show director, Julie Driscoll looking at scarf

11. SOUNDBITE: (English) Julie Driscoll, Pure London show director:

"So the exchange rate means for international brands it's really easy for them to enter the UK market, so more than ever before we're seeing international companies, international fashion collections wanting to come to the UK to explore opportunities and indeed that means this is our largest Pure London ever."

12. Pan right of Pas Si Sages Bijoux jewellery from Lyon, France

13. Pull focus of bracelets

14. Tilt up from bracelets to earrings

15. Tilt up of back necklace

16. Mid of Chloe Chenu demonstrating how the back necklace is worn

17. Close details of necklace

18. SOUNDBITE: (French) Chloe Chenu, director, Pas Si Sages Bijoux:

"London is always the place for fashion, the most important in the world, even after Brexit, that doesn't change anything. We always come to sell products, English people are always eccentric and they want French products."

19. Close tilt up of two-tone leather skirt by Urun (from Turkey)

20. Close pan left of designer Ece Kavran showing colleague her new skirt design

21. Mid of same

22. Close of Kavran

23. SOUNDBITE: (English) Ece Kavran, designer, Urun:

"But England is an expandable market, it's forever open to the new idea, to the new brand, and I think that's what makes it, England, very compelling for us."

24. Wide of woman in gothic clothing on catwalk

25. Close of woman photographing the show

26. Wide pull focus of crowd on smartphones watching the show

27. Tilt up of model during gothic show

28. Various set up shots of personal stylist Justyna Szal

29. SOUNDBITE: (English) Justyna Szal, personal stylist:

"No, I haven't found it less interesting. I actually found it more interesting because of the whole situation people actually are starting to be more interested in the UK and I think actually it's a pleasant advantage and the fashion business hasn't been more in bloom than it is nowadays."

30. Various set up shots of fashion editor Keely Stocker looking at show

31. SOUNDBITE: (English) Keely Stocker, editor of Drapers magazine:

"I think it's definitely a challenging time, mainly because of the uncertainty more than anything else but I think those people that are doing well are the ones that are really focusing on their customer, focusing on their product and just getting on with it until we know exactly what that (Brexit) is going to mean."

32. Close pull from Mongolian/UK flag to Bilguun Brower, owner of Mongolian Kingdom

33. Close tilt down to yak

34. Various of Brower looking at Mongolian yak scarf

35. Various of fashion show with models in red dresses

LEAD IN:

London has always been one of the world's leading lights in the fashion industry - but has Brexit dulled some of its shine?

At the Pure London fashion retail show - and with London Fashion Week on the horizon - brand owners and designers give their views on doing business in Brexit Britain.

STORY-LINE:

On the catwalk at Pure London it's business as usual.

The models strut their stuff to the music and packed crowds squeeze in for a glimpse of the latest trends.

But behind the flash and the glamour - is London still an attractive venue for fashion brands?

With Britain voting to leave the EU, and uncertainty hanging over all sectors of industry, the UK's fashion talent is preparing to weather the storm.

Maggie Song studied fashion in Beijing but came to the UK 13 years ago to make her name in the industry she loves.

In this time she has founded three labels, her most successful brand is Jolie Moi which can be found in some of the UK's largest department stores (John Lewis, Debenhams, House of Fraser).

She considers her business to be small to medium sized. Her clothes are designed in the UK but the materials and production happen in China.

When the result of the Brexit vote was announced she was on a business trip in Beijing and recalls her horror at hearing the news.

"I was shocked (when she heard the Brexit result). I couldn't think anything and also I couldn't speak, so, I was watching the exchange rate on the Internet, I can see the drop, the pound, this dramatic drop to the dollar and immediately I realised how tough it will be for small business," she says.

Song is expecting a tough 2017 as the low value of the pound starts to bite. She expects she will have to lower her margins to absorb the impact of Brexit.

But not everybody is suffering from the falling pound, according to Pure London's show director Julie Driscoll.

"So the exchange rate means for international brands it's really easy for them to enter the UK market, so more than ever before we're seeing international companies, international fashion collections wanting to come to the UK to explore opportunities and indeed this means this is our largest Pure London ever," she says.

One of the foreign fashion brands visiting Pure London for the first time is French jewellery maker Pas Si Sages Bijoux (Not So Wise) from Lyon.

Their funky, Bohemian-inspired jewellery is low/to mid priced and is all designed and produced in France. They are now looking to expand into the British market.

Chloe Chenu, the director of Pas Si Sages Bijoux, demonstrates the latest product - a back necklace.

She believes Brexit has not changed anything in the fashion world and thinks the UK is still a great place to do business... perhaps thanks to the eccentric English style.

"London is always the place for fashion, the most important in the world, even after Brexit, that doesn't change anything. We always come to sell products, English people are always eccentric and they want French products," she says.

It's the same story for Turkish designer Ece Kavran, whose range called Urun features minimalist, classic pieces.

She says London is still top of her list for places to do business because of its pace and willingness to try new brands. She says in France and Italy the market is much slower and more traditional.

"But England is an expandable market, it's forever open to the new idea, to the new brand, and I think that's what makes it, England, very compelling for us," she says.

But fashion is more than just sales and spreadsheets, it's about creating brands - and there is no bigger brand than a country itself. So has brand Britain been tarnished by its decision to leave the EU?

Personal stylist Justyna Szal is at the show to soak up inspiration for new season looks.

She is originally from near Krakow in Poland, but works in London - dressing and making her clients look as on trend as possible.

Szal likes the idea of Brexit and does not feel it has had any negative impact on London as a fashion hub. In fact, she's quite enjoying all the attention, with the eyes of the world turning to Britain.

"No, I haven't found it less interesting. I actually found it more interesting because of the whole situation people are starting to be more interested in the UK and I think actually it's a pleasant advantage and the fashion business hasn't been more in bloom than it is nowadays," she says.

According to an industry report, compiled by Inside Retail, fashion is worth 50 billion UK pounds (approx. 62 billion US dollars) per annum in the UK - the second most important retail sector only behind food.

The British Retail Consortium estimates that in October 2015, online accounted for 26.3 per cent of total clothing sales - even higher for footwear.

The UK is already the world leader in online fashion sales, leading France, Germany, Japan and the USA.

Keely Stocker is the editor of Drapers, a long-running fashion industry magazine.

In a typically British way, she thinks this is a time to keep calm and carry on.

"I think it's definitely a challenging time, mainly because of the uncertainty more than anything else," she says. "But I think those people that are doing well are the ones that are really focusing on their customer, focusing on their product and just getting on with it until we know exactly what that (Brexit) is going to mean."

One of those at the show who is hoping to do just that is Bilguun Brower, owner of Mongolian Kingdom.

He is buying high-end Mongolian woollen products and selling them in the UK. The fall in value of the pound is an issue he will have to contend with in the coming years, but Brower believes there is a strong market for his products in the UK because of its damp, cold climate.

Exhibiting for the first time, he is introducing his new line of yak's wool scarves.

Brower, and the other small British business owners at Pure, will all be hoping the UK can secure strong trade deals as quickly as possible.

Pure London is one of the leading fashion retail shows in the Europe, with over 11,000 buyers visiting the show between February 12-14.

London, UK - 12 February 2017

1. Mid of woman on catwalk in furry coat and sunglasses

2. Various of woman in camel coat with long scarf on catwalk

3. Cutaway of woman taking photo of catwalk

4. Mid of woman in grey dress with metal bead shoulder attachments

5. Various set up shots of Maggie Song, owner of labels, Jolie Moi and Emily & Me, taking red dress from peg

6. SOUNDBITE: (English) Maggie Song, British fashion labels owner (Jolie Moi and Emily & Me):

"I was shocked (when she heard the Brexit result). I couldn't think anything and also I couldn't speak, so, I was watching the exchange rate on the internet, I can see the drop, the pound, this dramatic drop to the dollar and immediately I realised how tough it will be for small business."

7. Mid of show visitors walking

8. Mid of woman hanging jacket

9. Various of man looking at shoes

10. Various set up shots of Pure London show director, Julie Driscoll looking at scarf

11. SOUNDBITE: (English) Julie Driscoll, Pure London show director:

"So the exchange rate means for international brands it's really easy for them to enter the UK market, so more than ever before we're seeing international companies, international fashion collections wanting to come to the UK to explore opportunities and indeed that means this is our largest Pure London ever."

12. Pan right of Pas Si Sages Bijoux jewellery from Lyon, France

13. Pull focus of bracelets

14. Tilt up from bracelets to earrings

15. Tilt up of back necklace

16. Mid of Chloe Chenu demonstrating how the back necklace is worn

17. Close details of necklace

18. SOUNDBITE: (French) Chloe Chenu, director, Pas Si Sages Bijoux:

"London is always the place for fashion, the most important in the world, even after Brexit, that doesn't change anything. We always come to sell products, English people are always eccentric and they want French products."

19. Close tilt up of two-tone leather skirt by Urun (from Turkey)

20. Close pan left of designer Ece Kavran showing colleague her new skirt design

21. Mid of same

22. Close of Kavran

23. SOUNDBITE: (English) Ece Kavran, designer, Urun:

"But England is an expandable market, it's forever open to the new idea, to the new brand, and I think that's what makes it, England, very compelling for us."

24. Wide of woman in gothic clothing on catwalk

25. Close of woman photographing the show

26. Wide pull focus of crowd on smartphones watching the show

27. Tilt up of model during gothic show

28. Various set up shots of personal stylist Justyna Szal

29. SOUNDBITE: (English) Justyna Szal, personal stylist:

"No, I haven't found it less interesting. I actually found it more interesting because of the whole situation people actually are starting to be more interested in the UK and I think actually it's a pleasant advantage and the fashion business hasn't been more in bloom than it is nowadays."

30. Various set up shots of fashion editor Keely Stocker looking at show

31. SOUNDBITE: (English) Keely Stocker, editor of Drapers magazine:

"I think it's definitely a challenging time, mainly because of the uncertainty more than anything else but I think those people that are doing well are the ones that are really focusing on their customer, focusing on their product and just getting on with it until we know exactly what that (Brexit) is going to mean."

32. Close pull from Mongolian/UK flag to Bilguun Brower, owner of Mongolian Kingdom

33. Close tilt down to yak

34. Various of Brower looking at Mongolian yak scarf

35. Various of fashion show with models in red dresses

FOR CLEAN VERSION SEE STORY NUMBER: 4038463

LEAD IN:

UK wine industry experts are eyeing the upcoming vote on whether to leave the European Union with mixed feelings.

With producers and suppliers heavily reliant on pan-European trade, many remain unsure how Brexit will impact upon business.

STORY-LINE:

Sparkling wine on a summer's day in the English capital.

Glistening flutes and bottles in abundance, and a crowd of happy lunchtime drinkers add to the atmosphere of excitement and discovery, along with an impromptu game of ping pong.

It must be London Wine Week.

This is the third year of the festival, and this year is the most popular to date.

Festival director Emma Murphy says "It's the largest self-guided wine tasting that there is across London. It's kind of the only event of its kind that we have over here. So we work with 125 bars, restaurants, independent merchants who all get involved" .

But although these flutes of fizz are English sparkling wine, much of the wine the festival goers here are tasting is from EU member states such as France, Spain, Portugal, Italy and Germany.

The June 23 referendum on whether to quit the European Union is fast approaching. So is this something the industry should fear?

"I wouldn't have said so," says Murphy.

"Wine trade has been going for long enough, even long before the euro, so I wouldn't have thought that would make much difference to be honest with you. Hopefully not anyway."

At the festival hub on London's Devonshire Square, there are pop-up bars featuring wines from across Europe.

These two young graduate trainees are enjoying wines from Portugal, and with their festival wristband, it costs them just five British Pounds for a flight of three.

Oscar Stenbom and Anna Rogers both agree that things may well be different if Britain leaves the union.

"If it's more expensive for them to send the wine here, if there's more tariffs, then yeah I guess it would be," says Anna, while Oscar is concerned about regulation and labelling:

"It would also be more difficult to know what you are drinking because there won't be as many restrictions on labelling the wine based on where it's actually from and the grape it's actually come from."

The New Street wine shop has been taken over by the wine festival. They sell wines from all over the world but today they are holding a tasting featuring wines from Ribera del Duero in northern Spain.

Most wine drinkers know about the region of Rioja, but Bettina Lemm is informing these festival goers about the region she represents.

"I think they (wines of Ribera del Duero) are still an emerging market, especially in the UK. The UK is an important market for Ribera del Duero, it's the seventh-largest export market for Ribera del Duero but I think that we're still establishing ourselves."

But if the UK is an important export market, is Brexit going to throw the proverbial spanner into the works? Lemm doesn't seem too worried "I think at the moment we're pretty confident as we've seen year to year that exports have grown. I think that's going to continue and I don't think it's a worry that we have at the moment," she says.

Wine used to have a rather old fashioned reputation and a comparatively elderly demographic, but this has changed enormously in recent years.

The prevalence of wine clubs popping up in the UK is an indicator of wine's increasing popularity.

Tom Harrow of Honest Grapes explains why this is "I think this is because people want to engage more with what's in the bottle. It's not just liquid, they want to know the stories behind it, they want to meet the people involved. And there's the sociable aspect, you know wine is fundamentally something which we do with other people," he says.

With 125 venues across the metropolis taking part in this festival, there's plenty of opportunity to enjoy it with friends.

But with such enthusiasm for wine spreading across the country, June 23 could bring disruption, according to Harrow "It's fair to say that we're a bit concerned about the possibilities of Brexit, I think the rising price of the euro against the pound will have a serious effect on quality wine. At the moment more than 60 percent of wine that comes into the UK is shipped in massive great tankers and bottled over here and that's not something we get involved with. But that becomes the only affordable way if the pound plummets against the euro. So I think that it won't be a good thing initially for the wine consumer because the prices of these small artisan wines will go up" .

However, the future might be bright in other, unexpected ways.

"All the English wine makers that I speak to say we are half a degree away from being a perfect climate for sparkling wines at least," says Harrow, and with apologies to climate change icon Al Gore, he adds that "global warming is a good thing for the UK sparkling wine trade."

Reports by the WSTA (Wine and Spirit Trade Association) suggest there is still some way to go as the UK comes in at number six on the list of sales of sparkling wine by origin - but it's rising year on year.

600 million bottles of wine are bottled in the UK.

This makes the UK wine market the sixth largest in the world, generating 173 billion British pounds of economic activity, according to the WSTA. 10 billion British pounds are made through sales.

Also being showcased here is one of the new kids on the alcohol block, Regal Rogue Vermouth.

According to brand founder Mark Ward, vermouth, by definition, is 75 percent wine. It must have wormwood and it must have an ABV (alcohol by volume) of 15 to 24 percent. These three things have to be in place for a producer to put vermouth on the bottle or it flouts recent EU regulations.

Ward, who was brought up in hospitality, began the project in Australia where he worked closely with top Australian chefs who introduced him to indigenous herbs and spices.

"It seemed like a really obvious thing to do, marrying the herbs and spices with this abundance of Australian wine to create a New World style of vermouth. And you know the tradition of vermouth is really led by the European markets. You know, Italian, French, now Spanish - but now there are vermouths coming out of America, the UK, Germany and obviously Australia. So pretty much anywhere where you find wine now, you will find a vermouth of some sort." he says.

Ward is attempting to educate the wine drinking market which, he believes, is mostly unaware of the fact that vermouth is fundamentally a wine.

This can only be helped by a new pop up for 2016, the Vermouth Bar.

The parent company of London Wine Week is the aptly named "Drink Up London", and they're already preparing for the 2017 event - Brexit or no Brexit.

FOR CLEAN VERSION SEE STORY NUMBER: 4038463

LEAD IN:

UK wine industry experts are eyeing the upcoming vote on whether to leave the European Union with mixed feelings.

With producers and suppliers heavily reliant on pan-European trade, many remain unsure how Brexit will impact upon business.

STORY-LINE:

Sparkling wine on a summer's day in the English capital.

Glistening flutes and bottles in abundance, and a crowd of happy lunchtime drinkers add to the atmosphere of excitement and discovery, along with an impromptu game of ping pong.

It must be London Wine Week.

This is the third year of the festival, and this year is the most popular to date.

Festival director Emma Murphy says "It's the largest self-guided wine tasting that there is across London. It's kind of the only event of its kind that we have over here. So we work with 125 bars, restaurants, independent merchants who all get involved" .

But although these flutes of fizz are English sparkling wine, much of the wine the festival goers here are tasting is from EU member states such as France, Spain, Portugal, Italy and Germany.

The June 23 referendum on whether to quit the European Union is fast approaching. So is this something the industry should fear?

"I wouldn't have said so," says Murphy.

"Wine trade has been going for long enough, even long before the euro, so I wouldn't have thought that would make much difference to be honest with you. Hopefully not anyway."

At the festival hub on London's Devonshire Square, there are pop-up bars featuring wines from across Europe.

These two young graduate trainees are enjoying wines from Portugal, and with their festival wristband, it costs them just five British Pounds for a flight of three.

Oscar Stenbom and Anna Rogers both agree that things may well be different if Britain leaves the union.

"If it's more expensive for them to send the wine here, if there's more tariffs, then yeah I guess it would be," says Anna, while Oscar is concerned about regulation and labelling:

"It would also be more difficult to know what you are drinking because there won't be as many restrictions on labelling the wine based on where it's actually from and the grape it's actually come from."

The New Street wine shop has been taken over by the wine festival. They sell wines from all over the world but today they are holding a tasting featuring wines from Ribera del Duero in northern Spain.

Most wine drinkers know about the region of Rioja, but Bettina Lemm is informing these festival goers about the region she represents.

"I think they (wines of Ribera del Duero) are still an emerging market, especially in the UK. The UK is an important market for Ribera del Duero, it's the seventh-largest export market for Ribera del Duero but I think that we're still establishing ourselves."

But if the UK is an important export market, is Brexit going to throw the proverbial spanner into the works? Lemm doesn't seem too worried "I think at the moment we're pretty confident as we've seen year to year that exports have grown. I think that's going to continue and I don't think it's a worry that we have at the moment," she says.

Wine used to have a rather old fashioned reputation and a comparatively elderly demographic, but this has changed enormously in recent years.

The prevalence of wine clubs popping up in the UK is an indicator of wine's increasing popularity.

Tom Harrow of Honest Grapes explains why this is "I think this is because people want to engage more with what's in the bottle. It's not just liquid, they want to know the stories behind it, they want to meet the people involved. And there's the sociable aspect, you know wine is fundamentally something which we do with other people," he says.

With 125 venues across the metropolis taking part in this festival, there's plenty of opportunity to enjoy it with friends.

But with such enthusiasm for wine spreading across the country, June 23 could bring disruption, according to Harrow "It's fair to say that we're a bit concerned about the possibilities of Brexit, I think the rising price of the euro against the pound will have a serious effect on quality wine. At the moment more than 60 percent of wine that comes into the UK is shipped in massive great tankers and bottled over here and that's not something we get involved with. But that becomes the only affordable way if the pound plummets against the euro. So I think that it won't be a good thing initially for the wine consumer because the prices of these small artisan wines will go up" .

However, the future might be bright in other, unexpected ways.

"All the English wine makers that I speak to say we are half a degree away from being a perfect climate for sparkling wines at least," says Harrow, and with apologies to climate change icon Al Gore, he adds that "global warming is a good thing for the UK sparkling wine trade."

Reports by the WSTA (Wine and Spirit Trade Association) suggest there is still some way to go as the UK comes in at number six on the list of sales of sparkling wine by origin - but it's rising year on year.

600 million bottles of wine are bottled in the UK.

This makes the UK wine market the sixth largest in the world, generating 173 billion British pounds of economic activity, according to the WSTA. 10 billion British pounds are made through sales.

Also being showcased here is one of the new kids on the alcohol block, Regal Rogue Vermouth.

According to brand founder Mark Ward, vermouth, by definition, is 75 percent wine. It must have wormwood and it must have an ABV (alcohol by volume) of 15 to 24 percent. These three things have to be in place for a producer to put vermouth on the bottle or it flouts recent EU regulations.

Ward, who was brought up in hospitality, began the project in Australia where he worked closely with top Australian chefs who introduced him to indigenous herbs and spices.

"It seemed like a really obvious thing to do, marrying the herbs and spices with this abundance of Australian wine to create a New World style of vermouth. And you know the tradition of vermouth is really led by the European markets. You know, Italian, French, now Spanish - but now there are vermouths coming out of America, the UK, Germany and obviously Australia. So pretty much anywhere where you find wine now, you will find a vermouth of some sort." he says.

Ward is attempting to educate the wine drinking market which, he believes, is mostly unaware of the fact that vermouth is fundamentally a wine.

This can only be helped by a new pop up for 2016, the Vermouth Bar.

The parent company of London Wine Week is the aptly named "Drink Up London", and they're already preparing for the 2017 event - Brexit or no Brexit.

AP Television

London - 27 May 2016

1. Close of wine glasses

2. Bartender pouring sparkling wine

3. Tilt down on central courtyard at Devonshire Square, the hub for London Wine Week

4. Group of friends enjoying English sparkling wine

5. Men playing table tennis

6. Sign reading (English) "London Wine Week"

7. Set up shot of Emma Murphy, director of London Wine Week

8. SOUNDBITE (English) Emma Murphy, director of London Wine Week

"What's unique about it? It's the largest self-guided wine tasting that there is across London. It's kind of the only event of its kind that we have over here. So we work with 125 bars, restaurants, independent merchants who all get involved whether that's with offers, special menus or ticketed events across the week."

9. Two women with wine flight selection

10. SOUNDBITE (English) Emma Murphy, director of London Wine Week

(Responding to the question Do you think a Brexit will affect the wine industry negatively?)

"I wouldn't have said so, because I mean, I think, you know, wine trade has been going for long enough, even long before the euro, so I wouldn't have thought that would make much difference to be honest with you. Hopefully not anyway."

11. Sign reading (English) "Pop into our pop up wine bars"

12. Various of Portuguese wine pop up

13. Mid of graduate trainees in insurance Oscar Stenpom and Anna Rogers

14. Flight of Portuguese wines

15. SOUNDBITE (English) Oscar Stenbom and Anna Rogers, Insurance Graduate Trainees:

(Responding to question Do you think a Brexit will mean it will be more difficult for people to access quality wine?)

Stenbom: "Yes,"

Rogers: "I guess so, I mean if it's more expensive for them to send the wine here, if there's more tariffs, then yeah I guess it would be."

Stenbom: "It would also be more difficult to know what you're drinking, because there won't be as many restrictions on labelling the wine based on where it's actually from and the grape it's actually come from."

16. Pull focus of Spanish wine labels

17. Vintage bottles of fortified wine

18. Side view of Spanish wine bottles

19. Set up shot of Bettina Lemm with wines from Ribera del Duero in northern Spain

20. SOUNDBITE (English) Bettina Lemm, Westbury Communications (which represents the Ribera del Duero region in the UK):

"I think they (wines of Ribera del Duero) are still an emerging market, especially in the UK. The UK is an important market for Ribera del Duero, it's the seventh-largest export market for Ribera del Duero, but I think that we're still establishing ourselves. A lot of people know some big names from the region, and we're just trying to bring attention to some other grape producers who might not yet have the same recognition."

21. Close of wine labels

22. SOUNDBITE (English) Bettina Lemm, Westbury Communications (who represent the Ribera del Duero region in the UK):

(Responding to the question are you worried about the possibility of a Brexit affecting your export market?)

"I think at the moment we're pretty confident, as we've seen year to year that exports have grown. I think that's going to continue and I don't think it's a worry that we have at the moment."

23. Pan from mediaeval knight sculpture to pop up courtyard

24. Mid of Provence wines pop up

25. Establisher shot of Tom Harrow, wine director of Honest Grapes Wine Club

26. Close of Harrow eyeing the wine

27. SOUNDBITE (English) Tom Harrow, wine director of Honest Grapes:

"There's been a real rise in wine clubs in London and the UK generally of late, and I think this is because people want to engage more with what's in the bottle. It's not just liquid, they want to know the stories behind it, they want to meet the people involved. And there's the sociable aspect, you know wine is fundamentally something which we do with other people."

28. Mid of woman laughing over a glass of wine

29. SOUNDBITE (English) Tom Harrow, wine director of Honest Grapes:

"It's fair to say that we're a bit concerned about the possibilities of Brexit, I think the rising price of the euro against the pound will have a serious effect on quality wine. At the moment more than 60 percent of wine that comes into the UK is shipped in massive great tankers and then bottled over here and that's not something we get involved with. But that becomes the only affordable way if the pound plummets against the euro. So I think that it won't be a good thing initially for the wine consumer because the prices of these small artisan wines will go up."

30. Woman at table with wine

31. SOUNDBITE (English) Tom Harrow, wine director of Honest Grapes:

"All the English wine makers that I speak to say we are half a degree away from being a perfect climate for sparkling wines at least - and even the whites, and to an extent the reds are really coming up. So I have to say it - sorry Al Gore - global warming is a good thing for the UK sparkling wine trade."

32. Various of English rose and white sparkling wines

33. Vermouth being poured into a glass

34. Various of "Regal Rogue" Vermouth bottle

35. Tilt up of Mark Ward, founder of Regal Rogue vermouth, and his produce

36. SOUNDBITE (English) Mark Ward, founder of Regal Rogue vermouth:

"It seemed like a really obvious thing to do, marrying the herbs and spices with this abundance of Australian wine to create a New World style of vermouth. And you know the tradition of vermouth is really led by the European markets. You know, Italian, French, now Spanish - but now there are vermouths coming out of America, the UK, Germany and obviously Australia. So pretty much anywhere where you find wine now, you will find a vermouth of some sort."

37. Crowd of London Wine Week attendees at the Vermouth Bar

38. Mid of vermouth cocktails being made

39. Focus pull of sign reading (English) "Drink Up"

LENGTH: 6:02

LEAD IN:

UK wine industry experts are eyeing the upcoming vote on whether to leave the European Union with mixed feelings.

With producers and suppliers heavily reliant on pan-European trade, many remain unsure how Brexit will impact upon business.

STORY-LINE:

Sparkling wine on a summer's day in the English capital.

Glistening flutes and bottles in abundance, and a crowd of happy lunchtime drinkers add to the atmosphere of excitement and discovery, along with an impromptu game of ping pong.

It must be London Wine Week.

This is the third year of the festival, and this year is the most popular to date.

Festival director Emma Murphy says "It's the largest self-guided wine tasting that there is across London. It's kind of the only event of its kind that we have over here. So we work with 125 bars, restaurants, independent merchants who all get involved" .

But although these flutes of fizz are English sparkling wine, much of the wine the festival goers here are tasting is from EU member states such as France, Spain, Portugal, Italy and Germany.

The June 23 referendum on whether to quit the European Union is fast approaching. So is this something the industry should fear?

"I wouldn't have said so," says Murphy.

"Wine trade has been going for long enough, even long before the euro, so I wouldn't have thought that would make much difference to be honest with you. Hopefully not anyway."

At the festival hub on London's Devonshire Square, there are pop-up bars featuring wines from across Europe.

These two young graduate trainees are enjoying wines from Portugal, and with their festival wristband, it costs them just five British Pounds for a flight of three.

Oscar Stenbom and Anna Rogers both agree that things may well be different if Britain leaves the union.

"If it's more expensive for them to send the wine here, if there's more tariffs, then yeah I guess it would be," says Anna, while Oscar is concerned about regulation and labelling:

"It would also be more difficult to know what you are drinking because there won't be as many restrictions on labelling the wine based on where it's actually from and the grape it's actually come from."

The New Street wine shop has been taken over by the wine festival. They sell wines from all over the world but today they are holding a tasting featuring wines from Ribera del Duero in northern Spain.

Most wine drinkers know about the region of Rioja, but Bettina Lemm is informing these festival goers about the region she represents.

"I think they (wines of Ribera del Duero) are still an emerging market, especially in the UK. The UK is an important market for Ribera del Duero, it's the seventh-largest export market for Ribera del Duero but I think that we're still establishing ourselves."

But if the UK is an important export market, is Brexit going to throw the proverbial spanner into the works? Lemm doesn't seem too worried "I think at the moment we're pretty confident as we've seen year to year that exports have grown. I think that's going to continue and I don't think it's a worry that we have at the moment," she says.

Wine used to have a rather old fashioned reputation and a comparatively elderly demographic, but this has changed enormously in recent years.

The prevalence of wine clubs popping up in the UK is an indicator of wine's increasing popularity.

Tom Harrow of Honest Grapes explains why this is "I think this is because people want to engage more with what's in the bottle. It's not just liquid, they want to know the stories behind it, they want to meet the people involved. And there's the sociable aspect, you know wine is fundamentally something which we do with other people," he says.

With 125 venues across the metropolis taking part in this festival, there's plenty of opportunity to enjoy it with friends.

But with such enthusiasm for wine spreading across the country, June 23 could bring disruption, according to Harrow "It's fair to say that we're a bit concerned about the possibilities of Brexit, I think the rising price of the euro against the pound will have a serious effect on quality wine. At the moment more than 60 percent of wine that comes into the UK is shipped in massive great tankers and bottled over here and that's not something we get involved with. But that becomes the only affordable way if the pound plummets against the euro. So I think that it won't be a good thing initially for the wine consumer because the prices of these small artisan wines will go up" .

However, the future might be bright in other, unexpected ways.

"All the English wine makers that I speak to say we are half a degree away from being a perfect climate for sparkling wines at least," says Harrow, and with apologies to climate change icon Al Gore, he adds that "global warming is a good thing for the UK sparkling wine trade."

Reports by the WSTA (Wine and Spirit Trade Association) suggest there is still some way to go as the UK comes in at number six on the list of sales of sparkling wine by origin - but it's rising year on year.

600 million bottles of wine are bottled in the UK.

This makes the UK wine market the sixth largest in the world, generating 173 billion British pounds of economic activity, according to the WSTA. 10 billion British pounds are made through sales.

Also being showcased here is one of the new kids on the alcohol block, Regal Rogue Vermouth.

According to brand founder Mark Ward, vermouth, by definition, is 75 percent wine. It must have wormwood and it must have an ABV (alcohol by volume) of 15 to 24 percent. These three things have to be in place for a producer to put vermouth on the bottle or it flouts recent EU regulations.

Ward, who was brought up in hospitality, began the project in Australia where he worked closely with top Australian chefs who introduced him to indigenous herbs and spices.

"It seemed like a really obvious thing to do, marrying the herbs and spices with this abundance of Australian wine to create a New World style of vermouth. And you know the tradition of vermouth is really led by the European markets. You know, Italian, French, now Spanish - but now there are vermouths coming out of America, the UK, Germany and obviously Australia. So pretty much anywhere where you find wine now, you will find a vermouth of some sort." he says.

Ward is attempting to educate the wine drinking market which, he believes, is mostly unaware of the fact that vermouth is fundamentally a wine.

This can only be helped by a new pop up for 2016, the Vermouth Bar.

The parent company of London Wine Week is the aptly named "Drink Up London", and they're already preparing for the 2017 event - Brexit or no Brexit.

LEAD IN:

UK wine industry experts are eyeing the upcoming vote on whether to leave the European Union with mixed feelings.

With producers and suppliers heavily reliant on pan-European trade, many remain unsure how Brexit will impact upon business.

STORY-LINE:

Sparkling wine on a summer's day in the English capital.

Glistening flutes and bottles in abundance, and a crowd of happy lunchtime drinkers add to the atmosphere of excitement and discovery, along with an impromptu game of ping pong.

It must be London Wine Week.

This is the third year of the festival, and this year is the most popular to date.

Festival director Emma Murphy says "It's the largest self-guided wine tasting that there is across London. It's kind of the only event of its kind that we have over here. So we work with 125 bars, restaurants, independent merchants who all get involved" .

But although these flutes of fizz are English sparkling wine, much of the wine the festival goers here are tasting is from EU member states such as France, Spain, Portugal, Italy and Germany.

The June 23 referendum on whether to quit the European Union is fast approaching. So is this something the industry should fear?

"I wouldn't have said so," says Murphy.

"Wine trade has been going for long enough, even long before the euro, so I wouldn't have thought that would make much difference to be honest with you. Hopefully not anyway."

At the festival hub on London's Devonshire Square, there are pop-up bars featuring wines from across Europe.

These two young graduate trainees are enjoying wines from Portugal, and with their festival wristband, it costs them just five British Pounds for a flight of three.

Oscar Stenbom and Anna Rogers both agree that things may well be different if Britain leaves the union.

"If it's more expensive for them to send the wine here, if there's more tariffs, then yeah I guess it would be," says Anna, while Oscar is concerned about regulation and labelling:

"It would also be more difficult to know what you are drinking because there won't be as many restrictions on labelling the wine based on where it's actually from and the grape it's actually come from."

The New Street wine shop has been taken over by the wine festival. They sell wines from all over the world but today they are holding a tasting featuring wines from Ribera del Duero in northern Spain.

Most wine drinkers know about the region of Rioja, but Bettina Lemm is informing these festival goers about the region she represents.

"I think they (wines of Ribera del Duero) are still an emerging market, especially in the UK. The UK is an important market for Ribera del Duero, it's the seventh-largest export market for Ribera del Duero but I think that we're still establishing ourselves."

But if the UK is an important export market, is Brexit going to throw the proverbial spanner into the works? Lemm doesn't seem too worried "I think at the moment we're pretty confident as we've seen year to year that exports have grown. I think that's going to continue and I don't think it's a worry that we have at the moment," she says.

Wine used to have a rather old fashioned reputation and a comparatively elderly demographic, but this has changed enormously in recent years.

The prevalence of wine clubs popping up in the UK is an indicator of wine's increasing popularity.

Tom Harrow of Honest Grapes explains why this is "I think this is because people want to engage more with what's in the bottle. It's not just liquid, they want to know the stories behind it, they want to meet the people involved. And there's the sociable aspect, you know wine is fundamentally something which we do with other people," he says.

With 125 venues across the metropolis taking part in this festival, there's plenty of opportunity to enjoy it with friends.

But with such enthusiasm for wine spreading across the country, June 23 could bring disruption, according to Harrow "It's fair to say that we're a bit concerned about the possibilities of Brexit, I think the rising price of the euro against the pound will have a serious effect on quality wine. At the moment more than 60 percent of wine that comes into the UK is shipped in massive great tankers and bottled over here and that's not something we get involved with. But that becomes the only affordable way if the pound plummets against the euro. So I think that it won't be a good thing initially for the wine consumer because the prices of these small artisan wines will go up" .

However, the future might be bright in other, unexpected ways.

"All the English wine makers that I speak to say we are half a degree away from being a perfect climate for sparkling wines at least," says Harrow, and with apologies to climate change icon Al Gore, he adds that "global warming is a good thing for the UK sparkling wine trade."

Reports by the WSTA (Wine and Spirit Trade Association) suggest there is still some way to go as the UK comes in at number six on the list of sales of sparkling wine by origin - but it's rising year on year.

600 million bottles of wine are bottled in the UK.

This makes the UK wine market the sixth largest in the world, generating 173 billion British pounds of economic activity, according to the WSTA. 10 billion British pounds are made through sales.

Also being showcased here is one of the new kids on the alcohol block, Regal Rogue Vermouth.

According to brand founder Mark Ward, vermouth, by definition, is 75 percent wine. It must have wormwood and it must have an ABV (alcohol by volume) of 15 to 24 percent. These three things have to be in place for a producer to put vermouth on the bottle or it flouts recent EU regulations.

Ward, who was brought up in hospitality, began the project in Australia where he worked closely with top Australian chefs who introduced him to indigenous herbs and spices.

"It seemed like a really obvious thing to do, marrying the herbs and spices with this abundance of Australian wine to create a New World style of vermouth. And you know the tradition of vermouth is really led by the European markets. You know, Italian, French, now Spanish - but now there are vermouths coming out of America, the UK, Germany and obviously Australia. So pretty much anywhere where you find wine now, you will find a vermouth of some sort." he says.

Ward is attempting to educate the wine drinking market which, he believes, is mostly unaware of the fact that vermouth is fundamentally a wine.

This can only be helped by a new pop up for 2016, the Vermouth Bar.

The parent company of London Wine Week is the aptly named "Drink Up London", and they're already preparing for the 2017 event - Brexit or no Brexit.

AP Television

London - 27 May 2016

1. Close of wine glasses

2. Bartender pouring sparkling wine

3. Tilt down on central courtyard at Devonshire Square, the hub for London Wine Week

4. Group of friends enjoying English sparkling wine

5. Men playing table tennis

6. Sign reading (English) "London Wine Week"

7. Set up shot of Emma Murphy, director of London Wine Week

8. SOUNDBITE (English) Emma Murphy, director of London Wine Week

"What's unique about it? It's the largest self-guided wine tasting that there is across London. It's kind of the only event of its kind that we have over here. So we work with 125 bars, restaurants, independent merchants who all get involved whether that's with offers, special menus or ticketed events across the week."

9. Two women with wine flight selection

10. SOUNDBITE (English) Emma Murphy, director of London Wine Week

(Responding to the question Do you think a Brexit will affect the wine industry negatively?)

"I wouldn't have said so, because I mean, I think, you know, wine trade has been going for long enough, even long before the euro, so I wouldn't have thought that would make much difference to be honest with you. Hopefully not anyway."

11. Sign reading (English) "Pop into our pop up wine bars"

12. Various of Portuguese wine pop up

13. Mid of graduate trainees in insurance Oscar Stenpom and Anna Rogers

14. Flight of Portuguese wines

15. SOUNDBITE (English) Oscar Stenbom and Anna Rogers, Insurance Graduate Trainees:

(Responding to question Do you think a Brexit will mean it will be more difficult for people to access quality wine?)

Stenbom: "Yes,"

Rogers: "I guess so, I mean if it's more expensive for them to send the wine here, if there's more tariffs, then yeah I guess it would be."

Stenbom: "It would also be more difficult to know what you're drinking, because there won't be as many restrictions on labelling the wine based on where it's actually from and the grape it's actually come from."

16. Pull focus of Spanish wine labels

17. Vintage bottles of fortified wine

18. Side view of Spanish wine bottles

19. Set up shot of Bettina Lemm with wines from Ribera del Duero in northern Spain

20. SOUNDBITE (English) Bettina Lemm, Westbury Communications (which represents the Ribera del Duero region in the UK):

"I think they (wines of Ribera del Duero) are still an emerging market, especially in the UK. The UK is an important market for Ribera del Duero, it's the seventh-largest export market for Ribera del Duero, but I think that we're still establishing ourselves. A lot of people know some big names from the region, and we're just trying to bring attention to some other grape producers who might not yet have the same recognition."

21. Close of wine labels

22. SOUNDBITE (English) Bettina Lemm, Westbury Communications (who represent the Ribera del Duero region in the UK):

(Responding to the question are you worried about the possibility of a Brexit affecting your export market?)

"I think at the moment we're pretty confident, as we've seen year to year that exports have grown. I think that's going to continue and I don't think it's a worry that we have at the moment."

23. Pan from mediaeval knight sculpture to pop up courtyard

24. Mid of Provence wines pop up

25. Establisher shot of Tom Harrow, wine director of Honest Grapes Wine Club

26. Close of Harrow eyeing the wine

27. SOUNDBITE (English) Tom Harrow, wine director of Honest Grapes:

"There's been a real rise in wine clubs in London and the UK generally of late, and I think this is because people want to engage more with what's in the bottle. It's not just liquid, they want to know the stories behind it, they want to meet the people involved. And there's the sociable aspect, you know wine is fundamentally something which we do with other people."

28. Mid of woman laughing over a glass of wine

29. SOUNDBITE (English) Tom Harrow, wine director of Honest Grapes:

"It's fair to say that we're a bit concerned about the possibilities of Brexit, I think the rising price of the euro against the pound will have a serious effect on quality wine. At the moment more than 60 percent of wine that comes into the UK is shipped in massive great tankers and then bottled over here and that's not something we get involved with. But that becomes the only affordable way if the pound plummets against the euro. So I think that it won't be a good thing initially for the wine consumer because the prices of these small artisan wines will go up."

30. Woman at table with wine

31. SOUNDBITE (English) Tom Harrow, wine director of Honest Grapes:

"All the English wine makers that I speak to say we are half a degree away from being a perfect climate for sparkling wines at least - and even the whites, and to an extent the reds are really coming up. So I have to say it - sorry Al Gore - global warming is a good thing for the UK sparkling wine trade."

32. Various of English rose and white sparkling wines

33. Vermouth being poured into a glass

34. Various of "Regal Rogue" Vermouth bottle

35. Tilt up of Mark Ward, founder of Regal Rogue vermouth, and his produce

36. SOUNDBITE (English) Mark Ward, founder of Regal Rogue vermouth:

"It seemed like a really obvious thing to do, marrying the herbs and spices with this abundance of Australian wine to create a New World style of vermouth. And you know the tradition of vermouth is really led by the European markets. You know, Italian, French, now Spanish - but now there are vermouths coming out of America, the UK, Germany and obviously Australia. So pretty much anywhere where you find wine now, you will find a vermouth of some sort."

37. Crowd of London Wine Week attendees at the Vermouth Bar

38. Mid of vermouth cocktails being made

39. Focus pull of sign reading (English) "Drink Up"

LENGTH: 6:02

WORLD BREXIT REVIEW

SOURCE: AP HORIZONS, LIFESTYLE, HEALTH AND TECHNOLOGY / POOL

RESTRICTIONS: HORIZONS CLIENTS AND AP LIFESTYLE, HEALTH AND TECHNOLOGY CLIENTS ONLY

LENGTH: 6.44

SHOTLIST:

AP Television

London, UK - 22 February 2016

1. Wide of UK Houses of Parliament as London bus passes

2. Close of clock face at the top of Elizabeth Tower, which houses Big Ben

AP Television

London, UK - 16 June 2016

3. Wide of Big Ben as seen from Buckingham Palace

4. Wide of Buckingham Palace

POOL

London, UK - 3 June 2012

5. Queen Elizabeth II with Prince Philip (centre), Charles (left) and Camilla (right) on royal barge during Diamond Jubilee celebrations

6. Mid of Duke and Duchess of Cambridge and Prince Harry on royal barge

7. Pull out of royal barge sailing down River Thames during Diamond Jubilee celebrations

AP Television

London, UK - 11 June, 2016

8. Mid of Queen Elizabeth II in carriage during the Trooping of the Colour for her 90th birthday celebrations

9. Wide of Guardsmen in ceremonial marching during the celebrations

AP Television

London, UK - 1960s

++BLACK AND WHITE FOOTAGE / MUTE++

++4:3++

10. Close tilt down of man putting shirt in carrier bag

11. Wide of man by scooters

UNIVERSAL ARCHIVES

London, UK - 31 October 1963

++BLACK AND WHITE FOOTAGE / MUTE++

++4:3++

12. Various of Beatles getting off plane in London

AP Television

London, UK - 7 June 2016

++16:9++

13. SOUNDBITE (English) Robert Johnston, Fashion Director, GQ Magazine UK

"You also think street scene, you think east London, you think hipsters, you think the most vibrant street fashion possibly in the world."

AP Television

London, UK - 3 July 2012

14. Punk and goth street fashion in Camden

AP Television

London, UK - 16 June, 2016

15. Hipster in Brick Lane cafe

16. Pull focus of street sign reading: (English) "Brick Lane E1"

17. Various of curry houses on Brick Lane

AP Television

Margate, UK - 8 June 2016

18. Various of Margate beach and people relaxing in sunshine

19. SOUNDBITE (English) Iain Aitch, Author:

"Everyone might say a Sunday roast or fish and chips, that's a quintessentially British meal, but then suddenly everyone says it's chicken tikka masala."

20. Various of takeaway fish and chips being served

AP Television

London, United Kingdom, April 30, 1973 (MUTE)

++4:3++

21. Red buses on a London street

AP Television

London, United Kingdom, September 24, 1973 (MUTE)

++4:3++

22. Tilt down of Ford workers walking out of various plants

23. Wide of Ford cars on a train

24. Various men take part in industrial action at Ford plant

AP Television

United Kingdom, February 10, 1974 - no exact location available

++4:3++

25. Various of non functioning coal mines during national coal strike

AP Television

London, United Kingdom, June 3, 1975 (MUTE)

++4:3++

26. Mid of Margaret Thatcher wearing a flags-of-Europe sweater, flanked by women also wearing pro-Europe sweaters

AP Television

Maastricht, Netherlands - 7 June 2016

++16:9++

27. Clocktower of Maastricht town hall with EU, Limburg and Maastricht flags

28. Wide of streets in the town

AP Television

London, UK - 7 July 2016

29. Various of autistic teenager Rens Van Velzen completing other puzzles with black and yellow blocks against the clock

30. Close tilt down of the psychologist on the autism study at Kings College London timing Rens Van Velzen during test

31. Close of Van Velzen

32. SOUNDBITE (English) Professor Declan Murphy lead scientist, EU Aims study on autism, Kings College London:

"Big questions need big populations to come up with the right answers, and we simply cannot deliver the amount of patients for the amount of science from one centre or from one country."

33. Various of Van Velzen being tested in eye tracking unit at Kings College London

AP Television

Southampton, UK - 16 September 2016

34. Wide of Southampton Boat Show 2016, cruise ship in background

35. Tilt down to pontoon, boats and visitors

36. Close of 'Sunseeker' flag

37. Various of Sunseeker 95 Yacht exterior

38. SOUNDBITE (English) Phil Popham, CEO of Sunseeker International:

"We've benefited because of the weakness of the pound, but its all about business confidence."

39. Various of Fairline yacht

40. SOUNDBITE (English) Russell Currie, Managing Director of Fairline Yachts:

"We've had an overnight decrease in the price of our boats in areas such as the European market

41. Zoom out from cruise ship docked near boat show

42. SOUNDBITE (English) Howard Pridding, Chief Executive of British Marine:

"Industry and business need stability and the time it will take to exit from the European Union will be problematic"

AP Television

Mijas, Malaga - October 6, 2016

43. Wide of coastal area of Mijas

44. Pan of typical apartments in the area and people walking by the sea side

45. Various of British pensioners taking Spanish classes in the Parnell School

46. Various of Juan Mayor Carlos Maldonado in his office

47. SOUNDBITE (Spanish) Juan Carlos Maldonado, Mayor of Mijas:

"When the results of the Brexit (referendum) were known, a big uncertainty was created."

48. Various of family walking near beach

49. Pan from people walking up steps from the beach to the owner of Royal Beach cafe talking

50. SOUNDBITE (Spanish) Sergio Morales, co-owner of Royal Beach bar in Mijas:

"Most of our clients here, around 80% of them, are British."

AP Television

London, UK - 1 November 2016

51. Pull focus of bronze Japanese archer

52. Mid of men admiring antique chandelier

53. Art dealer Tanya Baxter showing painting to visitor

54. Close tilt down of painting 'Paper Bride in Waiting' by Zeng Chuanxing (price £120,000/ USD 147,000)

55. Wide of antique clock stand

AP Television

London, UK - 9 November 2016

56. Mid of Tiana Wilson with Santa who is holding a Hatchimal waiting for the toy to hatch

57. Wide of girl playing with toy on chair

58. Mid zoom in to boys playing with Bluetooth Furbys

59. Low mid view of caterpillar going past boys and Furbys

60. SOUNDBITE (English) Frederique Tutt, toy industry analyst, NPD:

"Since the Brexit vote the toy market has been faring really well with an increase of three percent."

AP Television

Lundby, Denmark - 22 November 2016

61. Mid tilt up of Christmas tree plantation

62. Wide of plantation through tops of trees

AP Television

Copenhagen, Denmark - 21 November 2016

63. SOUNDBITE (English) Claus Jerram Christensen, Managing Director of the Danish Christmas Tree Association:

"The low exchange rate for the sterling pound makes it more difficult to achieve the same prices."

64. Mid of large container truck filled with trees pulling out of yard stacked with trees

65. Pan across field of Christmas tree saplings for 2018 and beyond

LEADIN:

For decades Britain's discontent over its European Union (EU) membership has simmered on, but then came the June referendum.

Nationalism surfaced and Britain's voted to leave the EU.

Brexit as it became known sent shockwaves through money markets and governments around the world.

STORYLINE:

In the weeks running up to referendum judgement day, the British were busy with a little soul searching.

Mulling over their shared history, the country's pride in their democracy and heritage.

It was a year when Queen Elizabeth celebrated being the longest reigning UK monarch and the country celebrated her ninetieth birthday.

The pomp and ceremony from her recent jubilee were still a source of pride and were reminiscent of the heydays when London style was considered to be world leading.

In the 1960's British fashion and British pop were riding high.

That sense of being at the vanguard of style has continued, according to Robert Johnston the Fashion Director of GQ Magazine: "You also think street scene, you think east London, you think hipsters, you think the most vibrant street fashion possibly in the world."

Author Iain Aitch explained how a variety of heritages were now mixed up, making Britishness a more complex idea to communicate: "Everyone might say a Sunday roast or fish and chips, that's a quintessentially British meal, but then suddenly everyone says it's chicken tikka masala."

But it wasn't this hipster, Brick Lane art and curry house side of Britain that won the vote.

The referendum on June 23rd was to signal the start of a long debate.

Britons for the first time had to absorb what being outside of the EU looked like.

Britain joined what was then called the European Economic Community in January 1973.

This was ratified by a referendum in 1975 with a resounding 67% majority.

By the seventies, Britain was beset by strikes and disgruntled union workers.

Traditional industries such as manufacturing and coal were in decline in the mid seventies.

Unemployment exceeded one million for the first time in March 1975. By the August that figure had increased to 1.25 million.

Some 83,000 immigrants were living in the UK by 1975, mostly from the Commonwealth.

According to Migration Watch UK for the year ending December 2015, net migration to the UK was 333,000.

And the lady had yet to turn. Margaret Thatcher MP (then leader of the opposition) campaigned to stay in the European Economic Community.

Later as prime minister between 1979 and 1990, Thatcher was known for her tough line with Brussels, especially during negotiations for the Maastrict Treaty in 1992.

The city of Maastrict is the home of the treaty which created the EU.

As summer arrived, businesses, leading universities and research establishments were beginning to assess the impact of Brexit.

For science and medicine, concerns were two fold.

Britain had attracted thousands of top researchers as well as billions of Euros in grants.

They went into research like this at Kings College London.

This project is a multidisciplinary look at the potential causes and effects of autism. It's a long term project which is linked to other studies across Europe.

Doctors and scientists aren't worried about losing cash in the short term, but falling behind in the knowledge race in the long term, especially as Britain has sought to place itself as a central base for the new industrial technologies.

The other fear is losing the brains which have been drawn to British research, people who now fear they will need to move to other institutions to keep up with the cash and the research.

Lead scientist at King's College Professor Declan Murphy warned: "Big questions need big populations to come up with the right answers, and we simply cannot deliver the amount of patients for the amount of science from one centre from one country."

The EU's Horizon 2020 budget is 80-billion Euro which funds medicine and science research across Europe.

Britain's split from the EU will leave a funding gap as well as a brain drain, according to Murphy. He argues it will be the children with autism like Van Velzen who will lose out.

As an island nation, boat building and sales have been important to the UK.

The industry fears rough waters may be ahead for Britain's luxury yacht industry, but right now it's riding on a wave caused by the plunge in the pound's value.

Phil Popham, the CEO of Sunseeker International was cautious: "We've benefited because of the weakness of the pound, but its all about business confidence."

Others like Russell Currie, the Managing Director of Fairline Yachts, says he already had cause to worry: "We've had an overnight decrease in the price of our boats in areas such as the European market."

British Marine's chief executive Howard Pridding tried to show more confidence in the course ahead: "Obviously, industry and business need stability and the time it will take to exit from the European Union will be problematic."

An estimated 1.2 million Britons live in other EU countries, mostly France, Portugal and Spain according to Britain's House of Commons library.

But that's a conservative figure because many expats don't bother registering with their embassies or the local authorities.

At Mijas on Spain's Costa del Sol, many Brits don't want to return to Blighty.

Used to the sun, sea and cafe society, some British residents are so concerned that their lives on the Costas are threatened, that after many years they're finally learning to speak Spanish.

According to Mijas' Mayor Juan Carlos Maldonado: "When the results of the Brexit (referendum) were known, a big uncertainty was created."

Local traders are also keen to keep the British on the Costa.

Many are retired and spend their pensions here.

Bar owner Sergio Morales says: "Most of our clients here, around 80% of them, are British."

A cloud of uncertainty still hangs over British expats in Spain and elsewhere in Europe.

And it's possible a string of similar nationality schools for expats may spring up.

Not everyone was bemoaning the onset of Brexit.

The art and antique market experienced a mini boom according to London dealers at this winter fair.

The weak pound against the dollar and Euro has seen American collectors in particular start to snap up bargains with savings of beween 25 and 30 per cent compared with six months ago.

Art dealers are reporting a similar trend.

They say investors see the arts market as a safe refuge in uncertain times.

As Christmas approaches the toy industry is bracing itself and Santa is wondering whether he'll have much to be jolly about.

It's the time of year when manufacturers and retailers count on making their biggest cash bonus of the year.

According to industry analyst Frederique Tutt: "Since the Brexit vote the toy market has been faring really well with an increase of three percent."

That's because toy retailers buy stock almost a year in advance and can keep prices stable, but the toy dealers here admit next year the stockings left out for Father Chrismas may have shrunk considerably.

There's nothing as Christmassy as a Christmas tree, but in Denmark the outlook for tree producers isn't quite so evergreen.

According to the Danish Christmas Tree Association, the small Scandinavian country grows around 11.5 million trees a year.

About 9.5 million of those are exported.

But these are challenging times and currency fluctuations are having an effect on trade.

Speaking about his members, Claus Jerram Christensen of the Danish Christmas Tree Association says: "They have experienced that the low exchange rate for the sterling pound makes it more difficult to achieve the same prices."

The true impact of Brexit on Britain and Europe as a whole is still to an extent unknown.

The UK government had announced it was to trigger Article 50 next March to start negotiations to leave EU.

But since then, Brexit has twice been contested in the High Court.

One ruling has already stated Britain's law makers should be allowed a vote in Parliament beforehand.

Breaking up, it seems, really is hard to do.

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LEAD IN:

The art and antique market in post-Brexit Britain is booming, according to London dealers.

A weak pound against the dollar and Euro is seeing American collectors in particular start to snap up bargains.

STORY-LINE:

The art and antiques market in the UK isn't just on target, it's positively booming post Brexit.

Dealers here at the Winter Art and Antiques Fair in Olympia say it's a great time to buy because of the weak pound.

American buyers in particular are attracted to London with the newfound strength of the dollar. Looking to bag a bargain they could save around 25-30 per cent compared to six months earlier.

Craig Carrington is an antique dealer with four decades of experience.

He sells many neo-classical antiques on his stand, but his showcase piece is this bust of a Roman goddess, thought to be designed by Frederic Auguste Bartholdi, the same man who designed the Statue of Liberty.

He says: "As an antique dealer I think a weak pound is very good news because we sell to international clients and if the dollar is strong, the euro is strong then it's very good news for somebody like me, absolutely."

Art dealers are reporting a similar trend.

Tanya Baxter runs a gallery specialising in contemporary pieces. She says since the day of the referendum result, announcing Britain would leave the EU, she's been very busy.

She says many see the art market as a safe investment in uncertain times.

"And with the devaluation of the pound as well as the fact that Brexit has kind of made a cautious and volatile financial market it (art and antiques) is a very, very safe place."

According to Baxter the single largest group of buyers is coming from the USA:

"Well they're so excited particularly American collectors who we are getting calls from saying 'So what have you? Because I want to spend x amount and will fly over to do so.'"

One of the American investors who has come to London to buy is David Ryder.

The retired lawyer, originally from Chicago, had just bought this painting by British artist Amy Pugh. He says it's such a good time to buy, with the strength of the dollar against the pound, that he will return next month to buy more art.

Ryder says: "England is where we have bought probably 90 per cent of the artwork that we have, and we have a lot in numerous houses. We find this is a good country for selection of different artists, both contemporary and old artists, particularly from the auction houses and this is a particularly good time so we're here now and we'll come back in December again to look at more art."

Art and antique dealers haven't just benefited from the dip in the value of the pound. Immediately after the result of Brexit was announced British buyers quickly began to buy art and antiques fearing the collapse in the value of the pound.

Art dealer Julian Hartnoll is calling this a 'double-boom' for the industry.

Hartnoll says: "There's this nice new phrase, the double-boom. It was the English buying immediately after Brexit because they wanted to get out of pounds and get into objects because they were fearing the pound would become valueless. And then the Americans, as the pound subsided, have overcome their fear of terrorism in England and have started to buy again, so for instance last night my only clients were Americans."

Antique jewellery dealers are also benefiting.

Iranian jeweller Morteza Mojarad runs the Persis jewellers off Bond Street in London.

He says: "I've seen a big improvement, to be honest, since Brexit and that's I think because of the exchange rate, dollar to pound and especially Euro to pounds."

But if the situation is good for British based dealers, spare a thought for European antique dealers trying to sell in Britain.

David Lafleur is an antique dealer based in Paris with his shop Gallerie Buter.

The strength of the Euro might be good for some of his compatriots, but when Lafleur sells in the UK he is finding the competition difficult.

However, despite these difficulties he says he will continue to exhibit his Oriental antiques in London because international buyers have been scared away from Paris.

"Because of the economic crisis, you know, the people were afraid because of the terrorists, because of the tax. A lot of things saw the people leave France. So for us, it's better to come here in London because the people are here, the people from other countries are here."

The Winter Art and Antiques Fair in Olympia returns for its 26th year.

Around 100 exhibitors are displaying art and antiques, most are displaying collectibles at the high-end of the market.

It is the only fair in the UK to work with the top two trade associations and there is a strict vetting process for all pieces on sale at the show. Each item must be checked by a team of experts before the fair opens.

The Winter Art and Antiques Fair Olympia runs 31 October - 6 November.

London, UK - 1 November 2016

1. Pull focus of bronze Japanese archer

2. Various of Meiji period Japanese bronze crow with glass eyes

3. Mid of men admiring antique chandelier

4. Various of Dutch walnut armoire from circa 1750 with carved figures (price £35,000/ USD 42,930)

5. Wide of woman reading catalogue

6. Low angle pan right of neo-classical copper bust of Roman goddess by Frederic Auguste Bartholdi (price £16,500/ USD 20,235)

7. Various of Craig Carrington looking at bust

8. SOUNDBITE: (English) Craig Carrington, antique dealer

"As an antique dealer I think a weak pound is very good news because we sell to international clients and if the dollar is strong, the euro is strong then it's very good news for somebody like me, absolutely."

9. Art dealer Tanya Baxter showing painting to visitor

10. Close tilt down of painting 'Paper Bride in Waiting' by Zeng Chuanxing (price £120,000/ USD 147,000)

11. SOUNDBITE: (English) Tanya Baxter, art dealer and gallery owner

"With the devaluation of the pound as well as the fact that Brexit has kind of made a cautious and volatile financial market (art and antiques) it's a very, very safe place."

12. Various cutaways of Tanya Baxter showing 'Paper Bride in Waiting'

13. SOUNDBITE: (English) Tanya Baxter, art dealer and gallery owner

"Well they're so excited particularly American collectors who we are getting calls from saying 'So what have you? Because I want to spend x amount and will fly over to do so.'"

14. Various of art collector David Ryder looking at painting

15. SOUNDBITE: (English) David Ryder, retired lawyer and American art collector

"England is where we have bought probably 90 per cent of the artwork that we have, and we have a lot in numerous houses. We find this is a good country for selection of different artists, both contemporary and old artists, particularly from the auction houses and this is a particularly good time so we're here now and we'll come back in December again to look at more art."

16. Mid of portrait of Angelina Jolie by artist Bambi (price £14,000/ USD 17,000)

17. Tilt up of portrait of Amy Winehouse by artist Bambi (price £16,000/ USD 19,600)

18. Set up shot of art dealer Julian Hartnoll

19. SOUNDBITE: (English) Julian Hartnoll, art dealer and gallery owner

"There's this nice new phrase, the double-boom. It was the English buying immediately after Brexit because they wanted to get out of pounds and get into objects because they were fearing the pound would become valueless. And then the Americans, as the pound subsided, have overcome their fear of terrorism in England and have started to buy again, so for instance last night my only clients were Americans."

20. Various of jewellery seller Morteza Mojarad inspecting antique diamond ring

21. SOUNDBITE: (English) Morteza Mojarad, director of Persis antique jewellery

"I've seen a big improvement, to be honest, since Brexit and that's I think because of the exchange rate, dollar to pound and especially Euro to pounds."

22. Wide pan left of gallery showcasing large marble/ stone artworks

23. Close of 1930s Chinese coral sculpture

24. Various set up shots of David Lafleur, antique dealer based in Paris

25. SOUNDBITE: (English) David Lafleur, antique dealer based in Paris

"Because of the economic crisis, you know, the people were afraid because of the terrorists, because of the tax. A lot of things saw the people leave France. So for us, it's better to come here in London because the people are here, the people from other countries are here."

26. Tilt up of Italian silver and bronze library lamp in style of Pharaoh by Piel Paolo Spaina, circa 1810 (price £8,500/ USD 10,425)

27. Close of marble lioness circa 1780 (price £14,500 USD 17,700)

28. Wide of antique clock stand

29. Wide of grandfather clocks, tilt down

30. Close of Henry Jenkins mahogany table clock circa 1780 (price £75,000/ USD 92,000)

31. Various of woman opening clock and chiming its bells

32. Wide pan left of show floor

LEAD IN:

The art and antique market in post-Brexit Britain is booming, according to London dealers.

A weak pound against the dollar and Euro is seeing American collectors in particular start to snap up bargains.

STORY-LINE:

The art and antiques market in the UK isn't just on target, it's positively booming post Brexit.

Dealers here at the Winter Art and Antiques Fair in Olympia say it's a great time to buy because of the weak pound.

American buyers in particular are attracted to London with the newfound strength of the dollar. Looking to bag a bargain they could save around 25-30 per cent compared to six months earlier.

Craig Carrington is an antique dealer with four decades of experience.

He sells many neo-classical antiques on his stand, but his showcase piece is this bust of a Roman goddess, thought to be designed by Frederic Auguste Bartholdi, the same man who designed the Statue of Liberty.

He says: "As an antique dealer I think a weak pound is very good news because we sell to international clients and if the dollar is strong, the euro is strong then it's very good news for somebody like me, absolutely."

Art dealers are reporting a similar trend.

Tanya Baxter runs a gallery specialising in contemporary pieces. She says since the day of the referendum result, announcing Britain would leave the EU, she's been very busy.

She says many see the art market as a safe investment in uncertain times.

"And with the devaluation of the pound as well as the fact that Brexit has kind of made a cautious and volatile financial market it (art and antiques) is a very, very safe place."

According to Baxter the single largest group of buyers is coming from the USA:

"Well they're so excited particularly American collectors who we are getting calls from saying 'So what have you? Because I want to spend x amount and will fly over to do so.'"

One of the American investors who has come to London to buy is David Ryder.

The retired lawyer, originally from Chicago, had just bought this painting by British artist Amy Pugh. He says it's such a good time to buy, with the strength of the dollar against the pound, that he will return next month to buy more art.

Ryder says: "England is where we have bought probably 90 per cent of the artwork that we have, and we have a lot in numerous houses. We find this is a good country for selection of different artists, both contemporary and old artists, particularly from the auction houses and this is a particularly good time so we're here now and we'll come back in December again to look at more art."

Art and antique dealers haven't just benefited from the dip in the value of the pound. Immediately after the result of Brexit was announced British buyers quickly began to buy art and antiques fearing the collapse in the value of the pound.

Art dealer Julian Hartnoll is calling this a 'double-boom' for the industry.

Hartnoll says: "There's this nice new phrase, the double-boom. It was the English buying immediately after Brexit because they wanted to get out of pounds and get into objects because they were fearing the pound would become valueless. And then the Americans, as the pound subsided, have overcome their fear of terrorism in England and have started to buy again, so for instance last night my only clients were Americans."

Antique jewellery dealers are also benefiting.

Iranian jeweller Morteza Mojarad runs the Persis jewellers off Bond Street in London.

He says: "I've seen a big improvement, to be honest, since Brexit and that's I think because of the exchange rate, dollar to pound and especially Euro to pounds."

But if the situation is good for British based dealers, spare a thought for European antique dealers trying to sell in Britain.

David Lafleur is an antique dealer based in Paris with his shop Gallerie Buter.

The strength of the Euro might be good for some of his compatriots, but when Lafleur sells in the UK he is finding the competition difficult.

However, despite these difficulties he says he will continue to exhibit his Oriental antiques in London because international buyers have been scared away from Paris.

"Because of the economic crisis, you know, the people were afraid because of the terrorists, because of the tax. A lot of things saw the people leave France. So for us, it's better to come here in London because the people are here, the people from other countries are here."

The Winter Art and Antiques Fair in Olympia returns for its 26th year.

Around 100 exhibitors are displaying art and antiques, most are displaying collectibles at the high-end of the market.

It is the only fair in the UK to work with the top two trade associations and there is a strict vetting process for all pieces on sale at the show. Each item must be checked by a team of experts before the fair opens.

The Winter Art and Antiques Fair Olympia runs 31 October - 6 November.

London, UK - 1 November 2016

1. Pull focus of bronze Japanese archer

2. Various of Meiji period Japanese bronze crow with glass eyes

3. Mid of men admiring antique chandelier

4. Various of Dutch walnut armoire from circa 1750 with carved figures (price £35,000/ USD 42,930)

5. Wide of woman reading catalogue

6. Low angle pan right of neo-classical copper bust of Roman goddess by Frederic Auguste Bartholdi (price £16,500/ USD 20,235)

7. Various of Craig Carrington looking at bust

8. SOUNDBITE: (English) Craig Carrington, antique dealer

"As an antique dealer I think a weak pound is very good news because we sell to international clients and if the dollar is strong, the euro is strong then it's very good news for somebody like me, absolutely."

9. Art dealer Tanya Baxter showing painting to visitor

10. Close tilt down of painting 'Paper Bride in Waiting' by Zeng Chuanxing (price £120,000/ USD 147,000)

11. SOUNDBITE: (English) Tanya Baxter, art dealer and gallery owner

"With the devaluation of the pound as well as the fact that Brexit has kind of made a cautious and volatile financial market (art and antiques) it's a very, very safe place."

12. Various cutaways of Tanya Baxter showing 'Paper Bride in Waiting'

13. SOUNDBITE: (English) Tanya Baxter, art dealer and gallery owner

"Well they're so excited particularly American collectors who we are getting calls from saying 'So what have you? Because I want to spend x amount and will fly over to do so.'"

14. Various of art collector David Ryder looking at painting

15. SOUNDBITE: (English) David Ryder, retired lawyer and American art collector

"England is where we have bought probably 90 per cent of the artwork that we have, and we have a lot in numerous houses. We find this is a good country for selection of different artists, both contemporary and old artists, particularly from the auction houses and this is a particularly good time so we're here now and we'll come back in December again to look at more art."

16. Mid of portrait of Angelina Jolie by artist Bambi (price £14,000/ USD 17,000)

17. Tilt up of portrait of Amy Winehouse by artist Bambi (price £16,000/ USD 19,600)

18. Set up shot of art dealer Julian Hartnoll

19. SOUNDBITE: (English) Julian Hartnoll, art dealer and gallery owner

"There's this nice new phrase, the double-boom. It was the English buying immediately after Brexit because they wanted to get out of pounds and get into objects because they were fearing the pound would become valueless. And then the Americans, as the pound subsided, have overcome their fear of terrorism in England and have started to buy again, so for instance last night my only clients were Americans."

20. Various of jewellery seller Morteza Mojarad inspecting antique diamond ring

21. SOUNDBITE: (English) Morteza Mojarad, director of Persis antique jewellery

"I've seen a big improvement, to be honest, since Brexit and that's I think because of the exchange rate, dollar to pound and especially Euro to pounds."

22. Wide pan left of gallery showcasing large marble/ stone artworks

23. Close of 1930s Chinese coral sculpture

24. Various set up shots of David Lafleur, antique dealer based in Paris

25. SOUNDBITE: (English) David Lafleur, antique dealer based in Paris

"Because of the economic crisis, you know, the people were afraid because of the terrorists, because of the tax. A lot of things saw the people leave France. So for us, it's better to come here in London because the people are here, the people from other countries are here."

26. Tilt up of Italian silver and bronze library lamp in style of Pharaoh by Piel Paolo Spaina, circa 1810 (price £8,500/ USD 10,425)

27. Close of marble lioness circa 1780 (price £14,500 USD 17,700)

28. Wide of antique clock stand

29. Wide of grandfather clocks, tilt down

30. Close of Henry Jenkins mahogany table clock circa 1780 (price £75,000/ USD 92,000)

31. Various of woman opening clock and chiming its bells

32. Wide pan left of show floor

This should be a fine time for British carmakers, with sales increasing nicely, but for one major storm front - the impossible-to-predict ramifications of the country's vote to leave the European Union (EU).

As British industry leaders showed off their wares on Wednesday beneath the Eiffel Tower and ahead of the Paris Auto Show, Britain's EU exit, or 'Brexit', remains vexing because it's still not clear exactly how the complex and highly globalised auto trade will be affected.

Michael Hawes, Chief Executive at the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders (SMMT), told those gathered in Paris on Wednesday that the single market was "fundamental to the current strength we're enjoying".

Hawes added that the British government now has "a major challenge" to balance the wishes of the British public with the continued success of the auto industry.

The sector has attracted record investment in recent years of 3.5 billion pounds (USD 4,549,119,400), but auto industry representatives like Hanno Kirner, Executive Director of Corporate Strategy at Jaguar Land Rover Automotive, said the key to ongoing success "is we have to maintain free trade with Europe".

Many expect Brexit to be disruptive, and to raise costs for companies, but the hard talk negotiations between Britain and the EU on the crucial issues of tariffs and the free movement of labour are still months away - and will possibly take years to resolve.

That means years of uncertainty over the cost of building cars in Britain and the ease of exporting them to other EU countries.

It will also create doubts about how difficult it will become to import vital car parts from other EU countries, to say nothing of the restrictions likely to be put in place on the free movement of skilled workers needed to assemble vehicles.

This is the main reason investment has slowed in an industry that was enjoying a good run of health - production grew more than 12 per cent in the first half of 2016 compared to the year before.

While the drop in the pound since the June vote to leave the EU has helped car exports from Britain, overall uncertainties are casting a shadow over the future.

"We had a short-term gain but we are very mindful of the long term," Simon Sproule, marketing director for Aston Martin, said in Paris.

He said the company's investment plan remains "completely unchanged since Brexit," at least for now. And it's focusing on non-European markets, too.

Carmakers do not know how much production costs will surge, and whether the increases, possibly in the form of higher tariffs, will end Britain's attractiveness as a platform for building cars and getting them into the European market.

There was one possible sign of a continental divide: while international carmakers are unveiling a slew of new models at the Paris Car Show this week, Land Rover chose to stay on the other side of the English Channel to demonstrate its latest model Wednesday.

Company officials played down any political message behind the decision. But with the industry converging on Paris this week, whether to consider British manufacturers part of the European market is a question on many minds.

Paris - 28 September 2016

1. Pan from Eiffel Tower to British-made cars on display

2. Cars on display

3. Close of Jaguar engraved in air intake

4. Pan of new Jaguar SUV

5. Hanno Kirner talking to reporters

6. SOUNDBITE (English) Hanno Kirner, Executive Director of Corporate Strategy at Jaguar Land Rover Automotive:

"Key to us is we have to maintain free trade with Europe. Key is that we continue to have access to global talent and key for us is that industrial regulation doesn't change. Those are the three points that are really important to us and we're trying to talk to government to explain, we're trying to talk to European governments to explain and we believe it's in the mutual interest of both the UK and European countries to maintain those three key points."

7. Kirner

8. SOUNDBITE (English) Hanno Kirner, Executive Director of Corporate Strategy at Jaguar Land Rover Automotive:

"We cannot stop investing. We are in a long-term industry. We have been investing nearly a billion pounds (1,299,767,000 US dollars) in our engine manufacturing capacity in Wolverhampton. We just continue to grow and so we cannot make our decisions dependent on political singular events so our investment this year - 3.5 billion pounds (4,549,119,400 US dollars) in the UK, the biggest industrial investment - is going to continue what it is and is going to go forward."

9. Aston Martin DB11

10. Aston Martin logo

11. Pan of DB11

12. SOUNDBITE (English) Simon Sproule, Vice President and Chief Marketing Officer at Aston Martin:

"What we've seen in the short term is currency wins with the devaluation of the pound. As an exporter - and we're dominantly an exporter from the UK - that's been a benefit to us. The economic uncertainty is still out there. We're scenario planning. The short-term impact in terms of the British economy does not seem to be so severe. We're seeing a little hesitation in the market but overall, we're pretty much business as usual. But we're planning obviously for when Article 50 is triggered and then we start to get in the discussions."

13. cutaways of Sproule

14. SOUNDBITE (English) Simon Sproule, Vice President and Chief Marketing Officer at Aston Martin:

"No, in fact our investment plans are completely unchanged before Brexit and after Brexit. We announced before Brexit that we are going to invest in a new manufacturing plant in the UK. That's the second manufacturing plant, a plant in Wales that's going to create 750 jobs. Additionally we are going to create another 250 jobs in the West Midlands so that's a thousand direct jobs by the end of the decade just for Aston Martin and those plans are unchanged."

15. Auto industry representatives on stage

16. Representatives on stage with cars

17. Tilt-down from Eiffel Tower to stage with cars

18. Michael Hawes giving interview

19. SOUNDBITE (English) Michael Hawes, Chief Executive at Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders (SMMT):

"The current uncertainties are significant and business never likes uncertainty. The Government has a major challenge now that it's facing. An industry like ours, we want to remain within the single market but we recognise the challenge that's been put forward as a result of the referendum. People voted due to concerns around immigration and the two are not necessarily compatible. Our role is to ensure we reflect our members', the industry's view and that is from a business perspective that being part of the single market is fundamental to the current strength that we enjoy."

20. Sacre Coeur church through window of convention room on first floor of Eiffel Tower

21. Various of crowd attending UK automaker industry event

22. Close of Great Britain campaign logo

23. Wide of Mark Garnier walking onto podium

24. SOUNDBITE (English) Mark Garnier, Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for International Trade:

"The British people have spoken and we live in a democracy and we will deliver that democracy. But for people like me, it's incredibly important that when I go back to Westminster, we are delivering these messages which you are giving us. The SMMT are very efficient at engaging with parliamentarians and making sure we understand what's important to you. We know, full well, that you need to be able to secure, in the long term, zero tariff access to the single market. We also know full well that it is incredibly important that you can get engineers when you need them that can either move around your businesses that are pan-European or if you are not, that you can source engineers from other parts of the EU to come in and help your businesses develop and grow stronger."

25. Garnier talking

26. Crowd

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County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland, close to the border - 26 June, 2016

1. Grazing sheep

2. Sheep grazing

3. Marked sheep

4. Farmer Hugh Maguire driving in car on his farmland, UPSOUND (English): Hugh Maguire, farmer: "And southern Ireland is right over there, it's probably not a quarter mile across."

5. SOUNDBITE (English) Hugh Maguire, farmer:

"Well, I voted to remain, and I thought the result was a disaster for farming especially in Northern Ireland, where we are dependent on 80 per cent of our income from the single farm payment or subsidies. So I honestly think in a few years' time, if we remain the same, there'll be no farming up in this part of Northern Ireland. We should be treated in Northern Ireland the same as the Republic."

6. Maguire closing gate

7. Cow grazing, farm in the background

Belcoo, County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland - 25 June, 2016

8. Bridge leading from Blacklion, Republic of Ireland, to Belcoo, Northern Ireland (UK)

9. Town sign of Belcoo, with speed limit in miles per hour

10. People walking down bridge

Belcoo, Northern Ireland (UK) - 26 June, 2016

11. Businessman Jonathan Balfour paying in supermarket

12. Woman taking newspaper from stand in supermarket

13. Newspaper headline of 'Sunday Times' reading (English) "After Brexit, what now?"

14. Jonathan Balfour and his children Dorothy and Jona leaving supermarket

15. SOUNDBITE (English) Jonathan Balfour, 42, owner of Elite Electronic Systems in Enniskillen, Northern Ireland:

"I am involved in manufacturing, so a lot of our customers are in Europe, and I think it's going to make it more difficult for us to compete in Europe with our competitors, and our cost of goods is more expensive because of this."

Blacklion, Republic of Ireland - 25 June, 2016

16. Bridge leading from Belcoo, UK, to Blacklion, Republic of Ireland, with town sign of Blacklion (in English and Gaelic) and speed limit in kilometres per hour

17. Ireland cup in "The Market House" tourist centre and gift shop

18. Tourist gifts on shelf

19. SOUNDBITE (English) Helena Corcoran, 61, tourist administrator, living in Blacklion for 15 years:

"Because we are so close with Belcoo and Blacklion, we're neighbours, and we're fearful that they will ask us for passports and that this will happen. But really it's the unknown at the moment, so that's the fear."

20. Corcoran talking to colleague Margaret McCauley and Cavan County councillor John Paul Feeley in tourist centre

21. Feeley leaving "The Market House" tourist centre

22. SOUNDBITE (English) John Paul Feeley, Cavan County councillor:

"It's going to increase the cost of doing business between both parts of Ireland, and it's going to have an impact on the over 30-thousand people who commute either north or south of the border to work and to avail of education on a daily basis. It's a very serious situation for us, it's one that we are going to watch and wait, and hope that a solution is found that minimizes the impact of 'Brexit'.''

Newry, Northern Ireland (UK) - 26 June, 2016

23."Brexit" campaign posters for "Leave" and "Remain" in street in town

24. Bridge in town centre

25. Fans from Northern Ireland wearing jerseys of the football team of the Republic of Ireland standing singing outside "Quayside Inn" during Euro 2016 match of Ireland against France

26. Fans wearing jerseys of the football team of the Republic of Ireland singing inside "Quayside Inn" while watching the Euro 2016 match of Ireland against France

27. Waitress pulling a pint of beer

28. Fan watching match, shaking head

29. SOUNDBITE (English) Ian Downey, 46, furniture-maker from Newry:

"It's so close to the border, and when there was a break-up of Ireland, it left us in a bad situation, if you know what I mean. We're in the north but we should really be part of the south."

30. Ian Downey watching the Euro 2016 match of Ireland against France, rooting for Ireland

31. SOUNDBITE (English) Ian Downey, 46, furniture maker from Newry:

"I don't want the border to go back up again because it would create tension here.''

32. Geraldine Merendino outside "Quayside Inn"

33. SOUNDBITE (English) Geraldine Merendino, 48, mother of three from Newry:

"We're not sure yet, I don't even think the politicians know what's going to happen next. They called an EU referendum, I don't think they got the answer they truly wanted, and now everybody's up in arms over it. So, we'll just have to wait and see what happens."

34. Girls walking down street in Newry

35. Various of view from Narrow Water Castle across river to Republic of Ireland

36. Narrow Water Castle near Newry

STORYLINE:

Residents on Ireland's border are trying to imagine what life will be like if Northern Ireland leaves the European Union.

Many now fear that the clock could soon be turned decades back to dark days when the border was a fortified conflict zone.

Northern Ireland farmer Hugh Maguire, like many residents along the United Kingdom's virtually unmarked land border with the Republic of Ireland, faces the risk of financial ruin if Britain proceeds with plans to exit the European Union, whose agricultural subsidies provide most of his income from highland pastures of cows and sheep.

Maguire called last week's referendum verdict, with 52 per cent voting UK-wide to leave the bloc, including 44 per cent in Northern Ireland, "a disaster."

Many now fear that both British and Irish authorities will have no choice but to redeploy customs officers and police to deter immigration and smuggling.

The shock decision to back "Brexit" sent the British pound tumbling against other currencies, including the euro used in the Republic of Ireland.

"A lot of our customers are in Europe, and I think it's going to make it more difficult for us to compete in Europe," said Jonathan Balfour, director of Elite Electronic Systems, a business that employs around 200 in the nearby Northern Ireland town of Enniskillen. The company assembles printed circuit boards and other electronic peripherals but finds its cost for imported materials is rising in tune with the pound's sharp decline.

For the people in Newry, Northern Ireland, it appeared normal to root for the Republic during the Euro 2016. "We're in the north but we should really be part of the south," said Ian Downey, one of the many Northern Irish fans wearing the green jerseys of the Republic of Ireland during Ireland's match against France on Sunday.

"I don't want the border to go back up again because it would create tension here,'' he added.

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As British business owners try to come to terms with the vote to leave the European Union, there are fears of the implications a "Brexit" will have.

London perfume maker, Sarah McCartney, said her businesses future "is not smelling so sweet at the moment".

She said she relies on trade with Europe and not only has the cost of raw materials increased, so too will the amount of paper work.

International trade lawyer, Miriam Gonzalez, said trying to minimise businesses uncertainty should be the governments top priority.

She said businesses need to know what the framework for Britain's negotiations with the EU will be, so they can try and minimise uncertainty.

City of London Corporation Policy Chairman, Mark Boleat, said that those uncertainties mean that "some investment is certainly going to be deterred."

While Edwin Morgan from Institute of Directors said the unknowns mean two thirds of its members think a "Brexit" will be negative for their business and cutting investment, redundancies and relocating are all on the table.

London - 27 June 2016

1. Perfume maker Sarah McCartney working in her factory in west London

2. Close of essence being poured

3. Close of perfume essence being bottled

4. Cap being placed on vial

5. Perfume label reading (English) "Inevitable Crimes of Passion"

6. Label being stuck on vial

7. Finished vials

8. SOUNDBITE (English) Sarah McCartney, 4160 Tuesdays perfume maker:

"I make perfume and the future is not smelling so sweet at the moment. I deal with France and Germany, I buy raw materials from Europe, I sell to Europe. I just think it's going to get a heck of a lot more complicated, and it's already got more expensive."

9. Various of McCartney during interview

10. SOUNDBITE (English) Sarah McCartney, 4160 Tuesdays perfume maker:

"Our market is worldwide and I really, really need to trade with Europe. I buy raw materials from Europe and suddenly they're going to be, well at least, eight per cent more expensive and probably there's going to be ten times as much paperwork."

11. McCartney making perfume

12. Perfume bottles made by 4160 Tuesdays

13. Various of commuters in the City of London

14. Various of financial institutions

15. SOUNDBITE (English) Miriam Gonzalez, International Trade Lawyer:

"There are only a few companies that have really done the nitty-gritty homework to be ready for Brexit. Many of them, they were kind of hoping that it would not happen, so now is the time that they really need to start doing that work."

16. Cutaway of Gonzelez's hands

17. SOUNDBITE (English) Miriam Gonzalez, International Trade Lawyer:

"This country, the businesses in this country need to know what is the framework that the government is aspiring to negotiate, and therefore, whether that is the single market, remaining in the single market or not makes a crucial difference. Trying to minimise the legal uncertainty, I would have thought that is the top priority."

18. Various of painting by John Single Copley called "The Defeat of the Floating Batteries at Gibraltar"

19. SOUNDBITE (English) Mark Boleat, City of London Corporation Policy Chairman:

"I think the authorities have handled the market turmoil as well as they could have done. That was done carefully on Friday and no doubt is continuing today but that's a short term issue. It's some of these longer issues that need resolving. It remains to be seen what impact this will have on the growth of the British economy over the next few months, what impact on tax revenue, what impact on foreign direct investment."

20. Cutaway of painting

21. SOUNDBITE (English) Mark Boleat, City of London Corporation Policy Chairman:

"The fundamentals remain unchanged, Britain is still a very attractive place for business and for investment, but given those sort of uncertainties some investment certainly going to be deterred. Very much depends what the sector is, how important membership of the single market is. But we are going to see some uncertainty and that's going to have an affect on investment."

22. Boleat walking

23. Various aerials of London's business district, Canary Wharf

24. Various exteriors of Parliament

25. Edwin Morgan, Head of Media Relations, Institute of Directors

26. Cutaway of report

27. SOUNDBITE (English) Edwin Morgan, Head of Media Relations, Institute of Directors:

"We asked our members immediately after the referendum result came in, what they thought, how they thought it would affect their businesses. Two thirds said that it was negative for them against only about a quarter who thought it was positive. On the specific questions we asked, we asked about investment and hiring decisions and there was also some quite worrying figures. About 36 percent of our members think that they will have to cut investment as a result and about 5 percent of our members say they might have to make redundancies which is obviously quite worrying. There are also some other figures in there on whether or not they'll keep all their operations in the UK or whether they may be forced to move overseas. About 1 in 5 are considering, as we speak, moving some of their operations out of the UK, whether that's to the EU or to somewhere outside it. I mean ultimately we think that our members are very resilient, we think British business is tough and will get through it and will adapt, but certainly at the moment there is a lot of nervousness out there in the business community."

28. Cutaway of report

LEAD IN:

Rough waters may be ahead for Britain's luxury yacht industry, but right now it's riding on a wave caused by currency fluctuations at home.

At the annual Southampton Boat Show, British-based Sunseeker, Princess and Fairline say 'Brexit' is causing uncertainty in the luxury market which is ultimately bad for business.

STORY-LINE:

It's not just the weather outlook that looks poor at the Southampton Boat Show, the yacht industry is also bracing for the potential effects of Britain leaving the 28-nation European Union.

Claimed to be one of the top ten boat shows in the world, the annual event boasts two kilometres of pontoons, home to a wealth of yachting luxury and new marine technology.

There are almost 600 brands attending and hundreds of boats on display.

Poole-based Sunseeker Yachts is exhibiting this £6 million British pound (approx. $7.94 million USD), 28-metre 95 Yacht. It sleeps a maximum of ten people, plus four crew members and boasts up to 120 nautical miles in range.

Sunseeker International, owned by Chinese property and cinema conglomerate Dalian Wanda Group, recently announced a return to profit in the second quarter of 2016.

The luxury yacht makers also announced retail orders in excess of £25 million British pounds (approx. $33 million USD) at the recent Cannes Boat Show.

"There's a direct correlation between the numbers of high and ultra-high net-worth individuals and the number of luxury yachts that are sold," says CEO of Sunseeker, Phil Popham.

"Projections around the world is that numbers of high net-worth individuals will grow by about 20 percent between now and 2020. So, if there's a direct correlation we expect that growth in the luxury yacht market to be the same."

Popham admits part of Sunseeker's recent success may be down to the British currency, but lack of confidence caused by Britain's exit from the EU will ultimately effect their business.

"The thing that we really need to focus on is confidence levels, certainty, we've benefited because of the weakness of the pound, but its all about business confidence", he says.

Plymouth-based Princess Yachts is giving this Princess V58 its world premiere in Southampton. Measuring 18.42 (60.4 feet) in length, it boasts 6 berths and can hit tops speeds of 37 knots.

Princess Yachts marketing director, Kiran Haslam says the weak pound has certainly encouraged some buyers to push through transactions sooner.

"Undoubtedly there's an advantage to the currency exchange being where it is, we saw that in Cannes," he says.

"We saw a lot of boats being sold where the transaction was really, really pushed along because of the opportunity to get the benefit out of the exchange rates."

Ultimately though, buying a luxury item such as a yacht all depends on buyer confidence. Something which 'Brexit' is eroding.

"The uncertainty is something which absolutely grips our segment whether it's cars or houses or travel, there's no denying that a yacht - as wonderful as it is - is not a necessity item," says Haslam.

"So it's always a conversation about is it the right time."

But what is it that luxury yacht buyers are really after? Princess Yacht's creative design director, Sarah Verey says people are increasingly looking for personalisation and uniqueness.

"A lot of it's about lifestyle, it's about how they're going to use the boats," she says.

"Our clients really come on to these boats and use them. So they're tending to look for lots of open spaces, luxurious spaces, spaces where they can entertain both inside and out.

"And also, clients nowadays, they want something unique. So they want to work with us on completely personalising their boat and finding something that is unique to them and actually has never been used on other boats."

Fairline Yachts is exhibiting this sleek new Targa 53 OPEN, a new addition to its popular 53-foot range.

Priced at around £659,000 British pounds (approx. $871,000 USD), it boasts four to six berths and a top speed of 34 knots.

Fariline's managing director Russell Currie says Southampton Boat Show is an important event.

"It is the shop window for the British manufacturers," he says.

"Here, customers can come down and compare all the British brands as well as the brands represented from around the world and choose exactly what is for their specific requirement."

Currie says Fairline too has benefited from the weak pound, achieving its best-ever sales at the recent Cannes Boat Show.

"We've had an overnight decrease in the price of our boats in areas such as the European market," he says.

"At Cannes Boat Show last year, our boats were 15 percent more expensive than this year. And at Cannes Boat Show, we saw the most successful show in Fairline's history in that region."

Though the decision proved a huge surprise to many in the financial markets and prompted a dramatic slide in the value of the pound, the real economy has exhibited a relatively high degree of resilience.

Retail sales, house prices and industrial production have all held up - to the surprise of many.

Still, economists say little can yet be read into the seeming resilience, given the lags involved between events and changes in the real economy.

The fact remains that apart from the fall in the value of the pound, which now stands at around $1.32 USD compared with $1.50 USD on the eve of the vote, nothing really has changed. Britain remains a member of the EU and has yet to trigger the so-called Article 50 that kick starts a two-year time frame for actual Brexit.

"Obviously, industry and business need stability and the time it will take to exit from the European Union will be problematic, but we are lobbying government hard," says Howard Pridding, chief executive of British Marine.

"We need to understand what's going to be in these free trade agreements and what's going to happen about the free movement of goods and people within the European community."

The Southampton Boat Show runs 16-25 September.

Southampton, UK - 16 September 2016

1. Wide of Southampton Boat Show 2016, cruise ship in background

2. Tilt down to pontoon, boats and visitors

3. Close of 'Sunseeker' flag

4. Various of Sunseeker 95 Yacht exterior

5. Close of 'Sunseeker' logo

6. Tilt up of Sunseeker 95 Yacht rear

7. Various of Sunseeker 95 Yacht interior

8. SOUNDBITE (English) Phil Popham, CEO of Sunseeker International:

"There's a direct correlation between the numbers of high and ultra-high net-worth individuals and the number of luxury yachts that are sold. Projections around the world is that numbers of high net-worth individuals will grow by about 20 percent between now and 2020. So, if there's a direct correlation we expect that growth in the luxury yacht market to be the same. The fortunate thing is the world is becoming generally a wealthier place so those growth in ultra-high net-worth individuals are in Asia - yes, some of the emerging markets - and Africa. But we're expecting to see a growth in the United States, UK and Europe as well."

9. Tilt up to Sunseeker 95 Yacht top deck

10. Close of champagne glasses

11. Pan left to controls

12. Close of compass

13. Pan right of Sunseeker 95 Yacht master bedroom

14. Close of pillows on bed

15. SOUNDBITE (English) Phil Popham, CEO of Sunseeker International:

"Nearly 50 percent of our business is in Europe so obviously what happens within the European market is of great concern and great interest to Sunseeker. And the thing that we really need to focus on is confidence levels, certainty, we've benefited because of the weakness of the pound, but its all about business confidence."

16. Various of Princess V58 exterior

17. Pan left to controls

18. Tilt up to table

19. Close of martini glasses and gin bottle

20. SOUNDBITE (English) Kiran Haslam, Marketing Director of Princess Yachts International:

"Undoubtedly there's an advantage to the currency exchange being where it is, we saw that in Cannes. We saw a lot of boats being sold where the transaction was really, really pushed along because of the opportunity to get the benefit out of the exchange rates."

21. Tilt down of Princess V58 bedroom

22. Close of sunglasses and magazine on bed

23. High shot of Princess B58 master bedroom

24. Tilt up from magazine on bed to pillows

25. SOUNDBITE (English) Kiran Haslam, Marketing Director of Princess Yachts International:

"The uncertainty is something which absolutely grips our segment, whether it's cars or houses or travel, there's no denying that a yacht - as wonderful as it is - is not a necessity item. So it's always a conversation about is it the right time."

26. Close of glass bottles inside Princess 30M

27. Tilt up of Princess 30M living room area

28. Tilt up of bed in Princess 30M

29. Pan left from bedside table to pillows

30. SOUNDBITE (English) Sarah Verey, Director of Creative Design, Princess Yachts International:

"A lot of it's about lifestyle, it's about how they're going to use the boat. Our clients really come on to these boats and use them. So they're tending to look for lots of open spaces, luxurious spaces, spaces where they can entertain both inside and out. And also, clients nowadays, they want something unique. So they want to work with us on completely personalising their boat and finding something that is unique to them and actually has never been used on other boats."

31. Various of Fairline Targa 53 Open exterior

32. SOUNDBITE (English) Russell Currie, Managing Director of Fairline Yachts:

"It is the shop window for the British manufacturers. Here, customers can come down and compare all the British brands as well as the brands represented from around the world and choose exactly what is for their specific requirement."

33. Close of flowers on Fairline Targa 53 Open

34. Various of Targa 53 Open controls

35. Low shot of bed

36. Tilt down to two beds

37. SOUNDBITE (English) Russell Currie, Managing Director of Fairline Yachts:

"We've had an overnight decrease in the price of our boats in areas such as the European market. At Cannes Boat Show last year, our boats were 15 percent more expensive than this year. And at Cannes Boat Show, we saw the most successful show in Fairline's history in that region."

38. Pull out from cruise ship to Southampton Boat Show pontoon

39. Wide of various boats on marina

40. Close of Sunseeker boat's hull in water

41. SOUNDBITE (English) Howard Pridding, Chief Executive of British Marine:

"Obviously, industry and business need stability and the time it will take to exit from the European Union will be problematic, but we are lobbying government hard, we need to understand what's going to be in these free trade agreements and what's going to happen about the free movement of goods and people within the European community."

42. Wide of Southampton Boat Show 2016, cruise ship in background

With the campaign for Britain's referendum on whether to stay in or leave the European Union in its final stages, and the poll date fast approaching, European citizens expressed their views on what the implications for the rest of the Europe would be, should Britain choose an exit from the 28-nation economic bloc.

Some are concerned at the prospect of the bloc having to move on with one member less and fear the vote to leave could lead to the demise of the union itself.

Rome resident Walter Simonato said a "pretty important piece" of the EU would be lost, if Britain decides to leave.

"It will cause troubles to everyone remaining in the European Union," Simonato said.

Mojca Gaetz, a tourist guide from Slovenia who has lived in Vienna, Austria for 25 years argued that staying in the EU is "about solidarity".

She said she sees Britain's membership in the EU as a "decisive role" that can determine the future of the Union.

"I think they should better stay in the EU, because I think the EU is very sensitive at the moment, it has big problems," Gaetz said.

Her opinion is shared in Athens, Greece by a 58-year-old doctor, Alexandros Tzeferakos.

"For the rest of us Europeans, the presence of Britain in the EU is a strong pylon of support to the European construct," he said.

Rome resident Salvatore Feriani, however, believes Britain would be better off outside the EU and said that Italy should consider leaving the bloc.

"My opinion is that if you are in Europe you have to be under Germany so, it is not useful being part of it."

In the German capital Berlin, there was both ambivalence to the UK leaving and the opinion that it should stay in the grouping.

A 53-year-old portfolio manager from Oslo, Norway said whether Britain leaves or stays does not make a big difference to the economy.

"Being the second biggest economy of Europe, the European community will have to integrate the UK anyway."

Toma, a 66-year-old pensioner from Galati in Romania expressed his concern over the possible loss of jobs.

"There are many Romanian citizens that work in Great Britain and of course their income that would have been sent to our country would have to suffer," Toma said.

Romania joined the EU in 2007 but its citizens gained the right to work without restrictions across the European Union in 2014.

Transitional controls were imposed by some member states on nationals of the two poorest countries in the bloc, Romania and Bulgaria, limiting their rights to work and claim benefits for the first seven years of their membership in the EU.

Britain goes to the polls on 23 June to decide whether to leave or stay in the European Union.

With the campaign for Britain's referendum on whether to stay in or leave the European Union in its final stages, and the poll date fast approaching, European citizens expressed their views on what the implications for the rest of the Europe would be, should Britain choose an exit from the 28-nation economic bloc.

Some are concerned at the prospect of the bloc having to move on with one member less and fear the vote to leave could lead to the demise of the union itself.

Rome resident Walter Simonato said a "pretty important piece" of the EU would be lost, if Britain decides to leave.

"It will cause troubles to everyone remaining in the European Union," Simonato said.

Mojca Gaetz, a tourist guide from Slovenia who has lived in Vienna, Austria for 25 years argued that staying in the EU is "about solidarity".

She said she sees Britain's membership in the EU as a "decisive role" that can determine the future of the Union.

"I think they should better stay in the EU, because I think the EU is very sensitive at the moment, it has big problems," Gaetz said.

Her opinion is shared in Athens, Greece by a 58-year-old doctor, Alexandros Tzeferakos.

"For the rest of us Europeans, the presence of Britain in the EU is a strong pylon of support to the European construct," he said.

Rome resident Salvatore Feriani, however, believes Britain would be better off outside the EU and said that Italy should consider leaving the bloc.

"My opinion is that if you are in Europe you have to be under Germany so, it is not useful being part of it."

In the German capital Berlin, there was both ambivalence to the UK leaving and the opinion that it should stay in the grouping.

A 53-year-old portfolio manager from Oslo, Norway said whether Britain leaves or stays does not make a big difference to the economy.

"Being the second biggest economy of Europe, the European community will have to integrate the UK anyway."

Toma, a 66-year-old pensioner from Galati in Romania expressed his concern over the possible loss of jobs.

"There are many Romanian citizens that work in Great Britain and of course their income that would have been sent to our country would have to suffer," Toma said.

Romania joined the EU in 2007 but its citizens gained the right to work without restrictions across the European Union in 2014.

Transitional controls were imposed by some member states on nationals of the two poorest countries in the bloc, Romania and Bulgaria, limiting their rights to work and claim benefits for the first seven years of their membership in the EU.

Britain goes to the polls on 23 June to decide whether to leave or stay in the European Union.

Rome, Italy - 14 June 2016

1. Wide of Coliseum

2. SOUNDBITE (Italian) Vox pop - Antonietta Fornasiero, Rome resident:

"Certainly they (the Brits) are very convinced of their chances (to do well without the EU) and therefore in my opinion they will exit, but then there is the question of the economy. After all, there are a lot of countries in the rest of Europe so we will make it, while their economy could be affected a lot."

3. Mid of a couple walking

4. SOUNDBITE (Italian) Vox pop - Walter Simonato, Rome resident:

"It's a choice that belongs to each population, each country, I mean we are in a democracy. However, this (Brexit) will cause troubles to everyone remaining in the European Union and that makes sense because we'll lose a pretty important piece (of the EU)."

5. Mid of tourists in front of the Coliseum

6. SOUNDBITE (Italian) Vox pop - Salvatore Feriani, Rome resident:

"Why do they have to be under Germany when actually their economy could be leading Europe and make them grow as a country, as a nation. My opinion is that if you are in Europe you have to be under Germany so, it is not useful being part of it. Besides, we should also exit."

7. Exterior wide of John Cabot University of Rome

8. Wide of Franco Pavoncello, Professor of Political Science, President of John Cabot University walking

9. SOUNDBITE (English) Franco Pavoncello, Professor of Political Science, President of John Cabot University:

"Italians are starting to look at this with quite some worry, they are perplexed by the possibility of Britain moving out, there is always been an affinity between Italy and Britain also in terms of European discussions and I think there is a lot of concern also for what could happen to the euro, what could happen to the future of the union if Britain were to move out."

10. Wide of Coliseum

Vienna, Austria - 14 June 2016

11. Vienna opera house, people walking past

12. Sculpture of fountain in front of the opera house

13. People walking on street

14. SOUNDBITE (German) Vox pop - Mojca Gaetz, Vienna resident:

"I think they should better stay in the EU, because I think the EU is very sensitive at the moment, it has big problems. This is also about solidarity. I think whether they stay or not plays a decisive role. In my opinion the future doesn't look very positive. I have the feeling that the European Union is going to fall apart anyway at some point."

15. Newspaper cover with headline reading (German) "When die British leave"

16. Magazine cover reading (German): "Please don't go!"

17. SOUNDBITE (German) Vox pop - Erwin Kostolanski, Vienna resident:

"Actually I don't care at all."

18. Vienna Opera House

19. SOUNDBITE (German) Vox pop - Isolde Wetzer, Vienna resident:

"I would advise the British to stay. Otherwise all the work that was done during the past decade - well actually decades - would have been for nothing."

20. Various of Saint Stephen's cathedral

Oslo, Norway - 14 June 2016

21. People sunbathing in front of the Norwegian parliament

22. Norwegian flag

23. SOUNDBITE (English) Vox pop - Thomas Svendsen, 25-year-old teacher:

"I feel a bit sad about it. I think that Britain should stay, both for its own sake, but also for the sake of preserving the union."

24. Various of Karl Johans gate street in Oslo with the Royal Palace in background

25. Equestrian statute of King Charles III John

26. SOUNDBITE (English) Vox pop - Tore Vaeret, 53 year-old portfolio manager:

"I don't think it will make that big a difference because being the second biggest economy of Europe, the European community will have to integrate the UK anyway."

27. Various of fountain in central Oslo

Athens, Greece - 15 June 2016

28. Medium of the Parthenon

29. Wide of tourists with Acropolis on the background

30. SOUNDIBITE (Greek) Vox pop - Alexandros Tzeferakos, 58, doctor:

"(The Brexit referendum) Yes it is of concern to us (Greeks). But it is foremost a European problem and an internal matter for the British which, as people are smart, they are capable and are well informed about all European affairs and I think they have not only the knowledge but also the capability to judge what was beneficial and what was not beneficial from Europe. But for the rest of us Europeans the presence of Britain (in the EU) is a strong pylon of support to the European construct."

31. Close up of Hadrians Arch

32. Wide of street with cars passing in front of Hadrians Arch

Bucharest, Romania - 15 June 2016

33. Various of Romanian Atheneum Music hall in central Bucharest on Victoria avenue

34. SOUNDBITE (Romanian) Vox pop - Toma (no last name) 66 year-old pensioner from Galati:

"I'd say this will not be a good thing. I mean this would affect all the other countries in the Union. Both financially and regarding jobs."

35. Cutaway statue in Revolution Square central Bucharest

36. SOUNDBITE (Romanian) Vox pop - Toma (no last name) 66 year-old pensioner from Galati

"Because there are many Romanian citizens that work in Great Britain and of course their income that would have been sent to our country would have to suffer."

37. Various of Romanian Houses of the Parliament on Unirii avenue in central Bucharest

Berlin - 16 June 2016

38. Pariser Platz and Brandenburg Gate

39. Tourists at Pariser Platz

40. SOUNDBITE (German) Vox pop - Andreas Sasse ,57, Potsdam resident:

"If the British think that it is in their favour to leave the European Union then they have to take that road."

41. Pariser Platz with Brandenburg Gate

42. Horse and carriage

43. SOUNDBITE (German) Bernd Leitenberger, 48, Frankfurt area resident:

"I'm not in support of a Brexit. I think it would be better if the UK remains in the EU."

44. Pariser Platz and Brandenburg Gate

The Houses of Parliament - an iconic London site that attracts visitors from all over the world.

Tourism is now worth 22.1 billion pounds (32 billion US dollars) annually to the UK, according to Visit Britain, Britain's national tourism agency.

Visit Britain also said that last year there were 36.1 million tourist visits, with 67 percent from the European Union.

On 23 June, the UK will vote in a referendum whether to stay in or out of the EU and many in the tourist industry are concerned that a possible leave vote will jeopardise the European holiday market.

One of those is Kyle Haughton, managing director of City Cruises.

His cruise ships carry 6 million passengers a year - in the height of summer 60 percent are from abroad, the majority from the EU.

Of the 240 staff that he employs, 50 percent are from outside the UK, mostly from the EU.

"Any change or decline in passengers coming into the country is going to affect our business quite lot and there are reports that people in Germany, Italy and France are less likely to come to the UK if we leave the EU than if we stay."

His fears are backed up by UK Inbound, which represents 360 tourist businesses.

Deidre Wells, chief executive of UKinbound has called leaving the EU "economic suicide."

"Why would you remove yourself from a market that provides two thirds of our business for our members," she said.

Tourists had mixed views about a UK "brexit".

Marco Ghiribelli, an Italian tourist, said he thought the UK would be economically better outside.

"It's not economically convenient for the UK to stay in the EU. Brexit makes sense economically as the UK economy is stronger than most of the EU countries."

Others such as Babette Pascalev, a tourist from Germany, said: "I think it is hard now because the idea is to get Europe together not apart."

But others say a Brexit would not make any difference to the tourism business.

They say nothing will change.

Alexander Goransson, travel analyst at Euromonitor International believes the expected drop in sterling following a brexit vote would attract tourists due to an increased spending power.

"In the short term I would expect to see a depreciation of the pound which will have both a positive and negative impact on tourism. UK tourists would be less likely to travel abroad and stay at home, whereas on the other hand the UK would actually become a more attractive destination for inbound tourists as prices would be relatively cheaper."

But most people in the tourist industry are hoping for a remain vote on June 23.

The Houses of Parliament - an iconic London site that attracts visitors from all over the world.

Tourism is now worth 22.1 billion pounds (32 billion US dollars) annually to the UK, according to Visit Britain, Britain's national tourism agency.

Visit Britain also said that last year there were 36.1 million tourist visits, with 67 percent from the European Union.

On 23 June, the UK will vote in a referendum whether to stay in or out of the EU and many in the tourist industry are concerned that a possible leave vote will jeopardise the European holiday market.

One of those is Kyle Haughton, managing director of City Cruises.

His cruise ships carry 6 million passengers a year - in the height of summer 60 percent are from abroad, the majority from the EU.

Of the 240 staff that he employs, 50 percent are from outside the UK, mostly from the EU.

"Any change or decline in passengers coming into the country is going to affect our business quite lot and there are reports that people in Germany, Italy and France are less likely to come to the UK if we leave the EU than if we stay."

His fears are backed up by UK Inbound, which represents 360 tourist businesses.

Deidre Wells, chief executive of UKinbound has called leaving the EU "economic suicide."

"Why would you remove yourself from a market that provides two thirds of our business for our members," she said.

Tourists had mixed views about a UK "brexit".

Marco Ghiribelli, an Italian tourist, said he thought the UK would be economically better outside.

"It's not economically convenient for the UK to stay in the EU. Brexit makes sense economically as the UK economy is stronger than most of the EU countries."

Others such as Babette Pascalev, a tourist from Germany, said: "I think it is hard now because the idea is to get Europe together not apart."

But others say a Brexit would not make any difference to the tourism business.

They say nothing will change.

Alexander Goransson, travel analyst at Euromonitor International believes the expected drop in sterling following a brexit vote would attract tourists due to an increased spending power.

"In the short term I would expect to see a depreciation of the pound which will have both a positive and negative impact on tourism. UK tourists would be less likely to travel abroad and stay at home, whereas on the other hand the UK would actually become a more attractive destination for inbound tourists as prices would be relatively cheaper."

But most people in the tourist industry are hoping for a remain vote on June 23.

London - 2 June 2016

1. Houses of Parliament seen from a river cruise boat

2. Woman taking picture of the Houses of Parliament

3. The London Eye seen from a river cruise boat

4. Part of the London Eye

5. Woman taking photo

6. People on board the river cruise boat

7. St Paul's Cathedral and other buildings

8. River cruise boat approaching Tower Bridge

9. Set up of Kyle Haughton, managing director of City Cruises

10. SOUNDBITE (English) Kyle Haughton, managing director of City Cruises:

"At City Cruises we carry 4 million passengers a year and over half of them come from overseas, the majority of which coming from EU countries, so any change or decline in passengers coming into the country is going to affect our business quite lot and there are reports that people in Germany, Italy and France are less likely to come to the UK if we leave the EU than if we stay."

London - 1 June 2016

11. Various of Deidre Wells, chief executive of UKinbound, at her desk

12. SOUNDBITE (English) Deidre Wells, chief executive of UKinbound:

"I've described it as economic suicide in the past. Why would you deliberately remove yourself from a market that provides two thirds of our business for our members."

London - 2 June 2016

13. People on board the river cruise boat with the Shard in the background

14. Set up of French tourist Kahina Berroua

15. SOUNDBITE (French) Kahina Berroua, French tourist:

"I will be sad. The UK has a lot of power in Europe so it won't be the same."

16. Various of tourists inside the river cruise boat

17. Set up of Marco Ghiribelli, Italian tourist

18. SOUNDBITE (Italian) Marco Ghiribelli, Italian tourist:

"It's not economically convenient for the UK to stay in the EU. Brexit makes sense economically as the UK economy is stronger than most of the EU countries."

19. SOUNDBITE (German) Babette Pascalev, tourist from Germany:

"I think it is hard now because the idea is to get Europe together not apart."

20. Houses of Parliament with open top tourist bus driving past

21. Union Jack flag on top of the Houses of Parliament

22. People on open top bus driving past the Houses of Parliament

23. People on bus

24. People on bus driving past flags

25. Various of Alexander Goransson, travel analyst at Euromonitor International, on laptop

26. SOUNDBITE Alexander Goransson, travel analyst at Euromonitor International:

"In the short term I would expect to see a depreciation of the pound which will have both a positive and negative impact on tourism. UK tourists would be less likely to travel abroad and stay at home, whereas on the other hand the UK would actually become a more attractive destination for inbound tourists as prices would be relatively cheaper."

27. People on open top bus

28. View of London black cabs and Union Jack flags

RESTRICTION SUMMARY: AP CLIENTS ONLY

SHOTLIST:

AP TELEVISION - AP CLIENTS ONLY

Nottingham - 9 February, 2016

1. Renault truck driving into depot

2. Various of people working on maintaining trucks inside depot

3. Nigel Baxter, Managing Director of RH Commercial Vehicles, walking into depot

4. Baxter talking to member of staff in depot

5. Cutaway of member of staff

6. SOUNDBITE: (English) Nigel Baxter, Managing Director of RH Commercial Vehicles:

"The positives for us are that we will no longer be overburdened with regulation. I don't believe it will make any significant change to us at all in terms of trade. Our relationship is with the European manufacturer, that relationship will continue. We're continuing to grow, continuing to develop, they are continuing to grow and continuing to develop. There's a vested interest for both parties to ensure that that continues and I have every confidence that it will."

London - 11 February, 2016

7. Various of exteriors of the Houses of Parliament

London - 10 February, 2016

8. Set up of Steven Baker, Member of Parliament and Chairman and Founder of Conservatives for Britain

9. SOUNDBITE: (English) Steven Baker, Member of Parliament and Chairman and Founder of Conservatives for Britain:

"The advantage of coming back is that we can take control of our spending to make sure we spend our money on our priorities. And there is a conversation to be had about how 350 million pounds a week of gross contributions should be spent."

10. Set up of Stephen Kinnock, Labour Member of Parliament and Chairman of Labour Business

11. SOUNDBITE: (English) Stephen Kinnock, Labour Member of Parliament and Chairman of Labour Business:

"I think it would be catastrophic from the point of view of trade. It would also be very bad from the point of view of investment because many many global companies invest in the UK because it's an English speaking market but also because it's a member of the European Union and so it gives you access to a much larger market of 500 million consumers."

London - 11 February, 2016

12. Set up of Swati Dhingra, lecturer at the London School of Economics and co author of: "Life After BREXIT: What are the UK's options outside the European Union?"

13. SOUNDBITE: (English) Swati Dhingra, lecturer at the London School of Economics and co author of "Life After BREXIT: What are the UK's options outside the European Union?":

"Then we are talking about a six to 9-and-a-half percent drop in GDP in the UK. And to put that number in perspective during the financial crisis, British GDP fell by about seven percent so we are talking about a order in magnitude similar to the financial crisis. And I think Britain at this point with just a two percent growth rate in GDP can't afford that kind of, sort of economic loss."

London - 10 February 2016

14. Various of employee putting labels on bottles of beer at Gosnells London Mead microbrewery in London

15. Bottles

16. Sign reading (English) "Gosnells London Mead"

17. Man carrying boxes of beer

18. Various of Tom Gosnells, founder of Gosnells London Mead filling up a glass from the brewing tank

19. SOUNDBITE: (English) Tom Gosnells, founder of Gosnells London Mead:

"So a lot of the trade we do as a business is with Europe. Most of the raw ingredients we use to make the mead come from the European Union, so our kegs come from the Netherlands, our bottles come from Belgium and our honey comes from Spain, so pretty much all our supply chain is related to Europe. Also, we're also looking to grow as a business and Europe is an important export market for us. We already export to Italy and we're looking to other markets within Europe and I think if we came out of the EU there would be some risk around that."

20. Gosnells holding up a glass of beer and tasting it with his colleague

STORYLINE:

British Prime Minister David Cameron will head to Brussels on Thursday for a crucial European Union summit which will finalise the last details of his controversial EU deal.

If he fails to get reforms, a British referendum on EU membership may lead to the UK leaving the EU.

As politicians and business leaders wrangle over the benefits of being in or out, business owners are weighing up the cost of a potential "Brexit".

RH Vehicles is a Renault dealer in the UK. It sells trucks, spare parts and carries out maintenance.

It's a British company with strong links with Europe: Renault is owned by Sweden, the parts are made in factories all over Europe and some of the staff are from Poland.

So it's perhaps surprising that owner Nigel Baxter wants to leave the European Union.

But he believes nothing will change and that business links will continue whether or not Britain stays in the 28-nation bloc.

With a referendum on whether to leave the EU planned for later in the year, members of Parliament from across the political spectrum are gearing up for battle.

MP and co-founder of Conservatives for Britain, Steve Baker, insists Britain needs to take back control of its budget.

Stephen Kinnock, Labour MP and chairman of Labour Business, believes a Brexit would be catastrophic not only for British imports and exports but also for investments into the country.

Swati Dhingra, lecturer at the London School of Economics and co-author of an economic report on the British economy in the event of a Brexit says the loss to Britain's GDP as a result of increased costs of importing and exporting would be 1.3 to 2.2 percent.

But it would actuall