FOR CLEAN VERSION SEE STORY NUMBER: 4038463

LEAD IN:

UK wine industry experts are eyeing the upcoming vote on whether to leave the European Union with mixed feelings.

With producers and suppliers heavily reliant on pan-European trade, many remain unsure how Brexit will impact upon business.

STORY-LINE:

Sparkling wine on a summer's day in the English capital.

Glistening flutes and bottles in abundance, and a crowd of happy lunchtime drinkers add to the atmosphere of excitement and discovery, along with an impromptu game of ping pong.

It must be London Wine Week.

This is the third year of the festival, and this year is the most popular to date.

Festival director Emma Murphy says "It's the largest self-guided wine tasting that there is across London. It's kind of the only event of its kind that we have over here. So we work with 125 bars, restaurants, independent merchants who all get involved" .

But although these flutes of fizz are English sparkling wine, much of the wine the festival goers here are tasting is from EU member states such as France, Spain, Portugal, Italy and Germany.

The June 23 referendum on whether to quit the European Union is fast approaching. So is this something the industry should fear?

"I wouldn't have said so," says Murphy.

"Wine trade has been going for long enough, even long before the euro, so I wouldn't have thought that would make much difference to be honest with you. Hopefully not anyway."

At the festival hub on London's Devonshire Square, there are pop-up bars featuring wines from across Europe.

These two young graduate trainees are enjoying wines from Portugal, and with their festival wristband, it costs them just five British Pounds for a flight of three.

Oscar Stenbom and Anna Rogers both agree that things may well be different if Britain leaves the union.

"If it's more expensive for them to send the wine here, if there's more tariffs, then yeah I guess it would be," says Anna, while Oscar is concerned about regulation and labelling:

"It would also be more difficult to know what you are drinking because there won't be as many restrictions on labelling the wine based on where it's actually from and the grape it's actually come from."

The New Street wine shop has been taken over by the wine festival. They sell wines from all over the world but today they are holding a tasting featuring wines from Ribera del Duero in northern Spain.

Most wine drinkers know about the region of Rioja, but Bettina Lemm is informing these festival goers about the region she represents.

"I think they (wines of Ribera del Duero) are still an emerging market, especially in the UK. The UK is an important market for Ribera del Duero, it's the seventh-largest export market for Ribera del Duero but I think that we're still establishing ourselves."

But if the UK is an important export market, is Brexit going to throw the proverbial spanner into the works? Lemm doesn't seem too worried "I think at the moment we're pretty confident as we've seen year to year that exports have grown. I think that's going to continue and I don't think it's a worry that we have at the moment," she says.

Wine used to have a rather old fashioned reputation and a comparatively elderly demographic, but this has changed enormously in recent years.

The prevalence of wine clubs popping up in the UK is an indicator of wine's increasing popularity.

Tom Harrow of Honest Grapes explains why this is "I think this is because people want to engage more with what's in the bottle. It's not just liquid, they want to know the stories behind it, they want to meet the people involved. And there's the sociable aspect, you know wine is fundamentally something which we do with other people," he says.

With 125 venues across the metropolis taking part in this festival, there's plenty of opportunity to enjoy it with friends.

But with such enthusiasm for wine spreading across the country, June 23 could bring disruption, according to Harrow "It's fair to say that we're a bit concerned about the possibilities of Brexit, I think the rising price of the euro against the pound will have a serious effect on quality wine. At the moment more than 60 percent of wine that comes into the UK is shipped in massive great tankers and bottled over here and that's not something we get involved with. But that becomes the only affordable way if the pound plummets against the euro. So I think that it won't be a good thing initially for the wine consumer because the prices of these small artisan wines will go up" .

However, the future might be bright in other, unexpected ways.

"All the English wine makers that I speak to say we are half a degree away from being a perfect climate for sparkling wines at least," says Harrow, and with apologies to climate change icon Al Gore, he adds that "global warming is a good thing for the UK sparkling wine trade."

Reports by the WSTA (Wine and Spirit Trade Association) suggest there is still some way to go as the UK comes in at number six on the list of sales of sparkling wine by origin - but it's rising year on year.

600 million bottles of wine are bottled in the UK.

This makes the UK wine market the sixth largest in the world, generating 173 billion British pounds of economic activity, according to the WSTA. 10 billion British pounds are made through sales.

Also being showcased here is one of the new kids on the alcohol block, Regal Rogue Vermouth.

According to brand founder Mark Ward, vermouth, by definition, is 75 percent wine. It must have wormwood and it must have an ABV (alcohol by volume) of 15 to 24 percent. These three things have to be in place for a producer to put vermouth on the bottle or it flouts recent EU regulations.

Ward, who was brought up in hospitality, began the project in Australia where he worked closely with top Australian chefs who introduced him to indigenous herbs and spices.

"It seemed like a really obvious thing to do, marrying the herbs and spices with this abundance of Australian wine to create a New World style of vermouth. And you know the tradition of vermouth is really led by the European markets. You know, Italian, French, now Spanish - but now there are vermouths coming out of America, the UK, Germany and obviously Australia. So pretty much anywhere where you find wine now, you will find a vermouth of some sort." he says.

Ward is attempting to educate the wine drinking market which, he believes, is mostly unaware of the fact that vermouth is fundamentally a wine.

This can only be helped by a new pop up for 2016, the Vermouth Bar.

The parent company of London Wine Week is the aptly named "Drink Up London", and they're already preparing for the 2017 event - Brexit or no Brexit.

FOR CLEAN VERSION SEE STORY NUMBER: 4038463

LEAD IN:

UK wine industry experts are eyeing the upcoming vote on whether to leave the European Union with mixed feelings.

With producers and suppliers heavily reliant on pan-European trade, many remain unsure how Brexit will impact upon business.

STORY-LINE:

Sparkling wine on a summer's day in the English capital.

Glistening flutes and bottles in abundance, and a crowd of happy lunchtime drinkers add to the atmosphere of excitement and discovery, along with an impromptu game of ping pong.

It must be London Wine Week.

This is the third year of the festival, and this year is the most popular to date.

Festival director Emma Murphy says "It's the largest self-guided wine tasting that there is across London. It's kind of the only event of its kind that we have over here. So we work with 125 bars, restaurants, independent merchants who all get involved" .

But although these flutes of fizz are English sparkling wine, much of the wine the festival goers here are tasting is from EU member states such as France, Spain, Portugal, Italy and Germany.

The June 23 referendum on whether to quit the European Union is fast approaching. So is this something the industry should fear?

"I wouldn't have said so," says Murphy.

"Wine trade has been going for long enough, even long before the euro, so I wouldn't have thought that would make much difference to be honest with you. Hopefully not anyway."

At the festival hub on London's Devonshire Square, there are pop-up bars featuring wines from across Europe.

These two young graduate trainees are enjoying wines from Portugal, and with their festival wristband, it costs them just five British Pounds for a flight of three.

Oscar Stenbom and Anna Rogers both agree that things may well be different if Britain leaves the union.

"If it's more expensive for them to send the wine here, if there's more tariffs, then yeah I guess it would be," says Anna, while Oscar is concerned about regulation and labelling:

"It would also be more difficult to know what you are drinking because there won't be as many restrictions on labelling the wine based on where it's actually from and the grape it's actually come from."

The New Street wine shop has been taken over by the wine festival. They sell wines from all over the world but today they are holding a tasting featuring wines from Ribera del Duero in northern Spain.

Most wine drinkers know about the region of Rioja, but Bettina Lemm is informing these festival goers about the region she represents.

"I think they (wines of Ribera del Duero) are still an emerging market, especially in the UK. The UK is an important market for Ribera del Duero, it's the seventh-largest export market for Ribera del Duero but I think that we're still establishing ourselves."

But if the UK is an important export market, is Brexit going to throw the proverbial spanner into the works? Lemm doesn't seem too worried "I think at the moment we're pretty confident as we've seen year to year that exports have grown. I think that's going to continue and I don't think it's a worry that we have at the moment," she says.

Wine used to have a rather old fashioned reputation and a comparatively elderly demographic, but this has changed enormously in recent years.

The prevalence of wine clubs popping up in the UK is an indicator of wine's increasing popularity.

Tom Harrow of Honest Grapes explains why this is "I think this is because people want to engage more with what's in the bottle. It's not just liquid, they want to know the stories behind it, they want to meet the people involved. And there's the sociable aspect, you know wine is fundamentally something which we do with other people," he says.

With 125 venues across the metropolis taking part in this festival, there's plenty of opportunity to enjoy it with friends.

But with such enthusiasm for wine spreading across the country, June 23 could bring disruption, according to Harrow "It's fair to say that we're a bit concerned about the possibilities of Brexit, I think the rising price of the euro against the pound will have a serious effect on quality wine. At the moment more than 60 percent of wine that comes into the UK is shipped in massive great tankers and bottled over here and that's not something we get involved with. But that becomes the only affordable way if the pound plummets against the euro. So I think that it won't be a good thing initially for the wine consumer because the prices of these small artisan wines will go up" .

However, the future might be bright in other, unexpected ways.

"All the English wine makers that I speak to say we are half a degree away from being a perfect climate for sparkling wines at least," says Harrow, and with apologies to climate change icon Al Gore, he adds that "global warming is a good thing for the UK sparkling wine trade."

Reports by the WSTA (Wine and Spirit Trade Association) suggest there is still some way to go as the UK comes in at number six on the list of sales of sparkling wine by origin - but it's rising year on year.

600 million bottles of wine are bottled in the UK.

This makes the UK wine market the sixth largest in the world, generating 173 billion British pounds of economic activity, according to the WSTA. 10 billion British pounds are made through sales.

Also being showcased here is one of the new kids on the alcohol block, Regal Rogue Vermouth.

According to brand founder Mark Ward, vermouth, by definition, is 75 percent wine. It must have wormwood and it must have an ABV (alcohol by volume) of 15 to 24 percent. These three things have to be in place for a producer to put vermouth on the bottle or it flouts recent EU regulations.

Ward, who was brought up in hospitality, began the project in Australia where he worked closely with top Australian chefs who introduced him to indigenous herbs and spices.

"It seemed like a really obvious thing to do, marrying the herbs and spices with this abundance of Australian wine to create a New World style of vermouth. And you know the tradition of vermouth is really led by the European markets. You know, Italian, French, now Spanish - but now there are vermouths coming out of America, the UK, Germany and obviously Australia. So pretty much anywhere where you find wine now, you will find a vermouth of some sort." he says.

Ward is attempting to educate the wine drinking market which, he believes, is mostly unaware of the fact that vermouth is fundamentally a wine.

This can only be helped by a new pop up for 2016, the Vermouth Bar.

The parent company of London Wine Week is the aptly named "Drink Up London", and they're already preparing for the 2017 event - Brexit or no Brexit.

AP Television

London - 27 May 2016

1. Close of wine glasses

2. Bartender pouring sparkling wine

3. Tilt down on central courtyard at Devonshire Square, the hub for London Wine Week

4. Group of friends enjoying English sparkling wine

5. Men playing table tennis

6. Sign reading (English) "London Wine Week"

7. Set up shot of Emma Murphy, director of London Wine Week

8. SOUNDBITE (English) Emma Murphy, director of London Wine Week

"What's unique about it? It's the largest self-guided wine tasting that there is across London. It's kind of the only event of its kind that we have over here. So we work with 125 bars, restaurants, independent merchants who all get involved whether that's with offers, special menus or ticketed events across the week."

9. Two women with wine flight selection

10. SOUNDBITE (English) Emma Murphy, director of London Wine Week

(Responding to the question Do you think a Brexit will affect the wine industry negatively?)

"I wouldn't have said so, because I mean, I think, you know, wine trade has been going for long enough, even long before the euro, so I wouldn't have thought that would make much difference to be honest with you. Hopefully not anyway."

11. Sign reading (English) "Pop into our pop up wine bars"

12. Various of Portuguese wine pop up

13. Mid of graduate trainees in insurance Oscar Stenpom and Anna Rogers

14. Flight of Portuguese wines

15. SOUNDBITE (English) Oscar Stenbom and Anna Rogers, Insurance Graduate Trainees:

(Responding to question Do you think a Brexit will mean it will be more difficult for people to access quality wine?)

Stenbom: "Yes,"

Rogers: "I guess so, I mean if it's more expensive for them to send the wine here, if there's more tariffs, then yeah I guess it would be."

Stenbom: "It would also be more difficult to know what you're drinking, because there won't be as many restrictions on labelling the wine based on where it's actually from and the grape it's actually come from."

16. Pull focus of Spanish wine labels

17. Vintage bottles of fortified wine

18. Side view of Spanish wine bottles

19. Set up shot of Bettina Lemm with wines from Ribera del Duero in northern Spain

20. SOUNDBITE (English) Bettina Lemm, Westbury Communications (which represents the Ribera del Duero region in the UK):

"I think they (wines of Ribera del Duero) are still an emerging market, especially in the UK. The UK is an important market for Ribera del Duero, it's the seventh-largest export market for Ribera del Duero, but I think that we're still establishing ourselves. A lot of people know some big names from the region, and we're just trying to bring attention to some other grape producers who might not yet have the same recognition."

21. Close of wine labels

22. SOUNDBITE (English) Bettina Lemm, Westbury Communications (who represent the Ribera del Duero region in the UK):

(Responding to the question are you worried about the possibility of a Brexit affecting your export market?)

"I think at the moment we're pretty confident, as we've seen year to year that exports have grown. I think that's going to continue and I don't think it's a worry that we have at the moment."

23. Pan from mediaeval knight sculpture to pop up courtyard

24. Mid of Provence wines pop up

25. Establisher shot of Tom Harrow, wine director of Honest Grapes Wine Club

26. Close of Harrow eyeing the wine

27. SOUNDBITE (English) Tom Harrow, wine director of Honest Grapes:

"There's been a real rise in wine clubs in London and the UK generally of late, and I think this is because people want to engage more with what's in the bottle. It's not just liquid, they want to know the stories behind it, they want to meet the people involved. And there's the sociable aspect, you know wine is fundamentally something which we do with other people."

28. Mid of woman laughing over a glass of wine

29. SOUNDBITE (English) Tom Harrow, wine director of Honest Grapes:

"It's fair to say that we're a bit concerned about the possibilities of Brexit, I think the rising price of the euro against the pound will have a serious effect on quality wine. At the moment more than 60 percent of wine that comes into the UK is shipped in massive great tankers and then bottled over here and that's not something we get involved with. But that becomes the only affordable way if the pound plummets against the euro. So I think that it won't be a good thing initially for the wine consumer because the prices of these small artisan wines will go up."

30. Woman at table with wine

31. SOUNDBITE (English) Tom Harrow, wine director of Honest Grapes:

"All the English wine makers that I speak to say we are half a degree away from being a perfect climate for sparkling wines at least - and even the whites, and to an extent the reds are really coming up. So I have to say it - sorry Al Gore - global warming is a good thing for the UK sparkling wine trade."

32. Various of English rose and white sparkling wines

33. Vermouth being poured into a glass

34. Various of "Regal Rogue" Vermouth bottle

35. Tilt up of Mark Ward, founder of Regal Rogue vermouth, and his produce

36. SOUNDBITE (English) Mark Ward, founder of Regal Rogue vermouth:

"It seemed like a really obvious thing to do, marrying the herbs and spices with this abundance of Australian wine to create a New World style of vermouth. And you know the tradition of vermouth is really led by the European markets. You know, Italian, French, now Spanish - but now there are vermouths coming out of America, the UK, Germany and obviously Australia. So pretty much anywhere where you find wine now, you will find a vermouth of some sort."

37. Crowd of London Wine Week attendees at the Vermouth Bar

38. Mid of vermouth cocktails being made

39. Focus pull of sign reading (English) "Drink Up"

LENGTH: 6:02

LEAD IN:

UK wine industry experts are eyeing the upcoming vote on whether to leave the European Union with mixed feelings.

With producers and suppliers heavily reliant on pan-European trade, many remain unsure how Brexit will impact upon business.

STORY-LINE:

Sparkling wine on a summer's day in the English capital.

Glistening flutes and bottles in abundance, and a crowd of happy lunchtime drinkers add to the atmosphere of excitement and discovery, along with an impromptu game of ping pong.

It must be London Wine Week.

This is the third year of the festival, and this year is the most popular to date.

Festival director Emma Murphy says "It's the largest self-guided wine tasting that there is across London. It's kind of the only event of its kind that we have over here. So we work with 125 bars, restaurants, independent merchants who all get involved" .

But although these flutes of fizz are English sparkling wine, much of the wine the festival goers here are tasting is from EU member states such as France, Spain, Portugal, Italy and Germany.

The June 23 referendum on whether to quit the European Union is fast approaching. So is this something the industry should fear?

"I wouldn't have said so," says Murphy.

"Wine trade has been going for long enough, even long before the euro, so I wouldn't have thought that would make much difference to be honest with you. Hopefully not anyway."

At the festival hub on London's Devonshire Square, there are pop-up bars featuring wines from across Europe.

These two young graduate trainees are enjoying wines from Portugal, and with their festival wristband, it costs them just five British Pounds for a flight of three.

Oscar Stenbom and Anna Rogers both agree that things may well be different if Britain leaves the union.

"If it's more expensive for them to send the wine here, if there's more tariffs, then yeah I guess it would be," says Anna, while Oscar is concerned about regulation and labelling:

"It would also be more difficult to know what you are drinking because there won't be as many restrictions on labelling the wine based on where it's actually from and the grape it's actually come from."

The New Street wine shop has been taken over by the wine festival. They sell wines from all over the world but today they are holding a tasting featuring wines from Ribera del Duero in northern Spain.

Most wine drinkers know about the region of Rioja, but Bettina Lemm is informing these festival goers about the region she represents.

"I think they (wines of Ribera del Duero) are still an emerging market, especially in the UK. The UK is an important market for Ribera del Duero, it's the seventh-largest export market for Ribera del Duero but I think that we're still establishing ourselves."

But if the UK is an important export market, is Brexit going to throw the proverbial spanner into the works? Lemm doesn't seem too worried "I think at the moment we're pretty confident as we've seen year to year that exports have grown. I think that's going to continue and I don't think it's a worry that we have at the moment," she says.

Wine used to have a rather old fashioned reputation and a comparatively elderly demographic, but this has changed enormously in recent years.

The prevalence of wine clubs popping up in the UK is an indicator of wine's increasing popularity.

Tom Harrow of Honest Grapes explains why this is "I think this is because people want to engage more with what's in the bottle. It's not just liquid, they want to know the stories behind it, they want to meet the people involved. And there's the sociable aspect, you know wine is fundamentally something which we do with other people," he says.

With 125 venues across the metropolis taking part in this festival, there's plenty of opportunity to enjoy it with friends.

But with such enthusiasm for wine spreading across the country, June 23 could bring disruption, according to Harrow "It's fair to say that we're a bit concerned about the possibilities of Brexit, I think the rising price of the euro against the pound will have a serious effect on quality wine. At the moment more than 60 percent of wine that comes into the UK is shipped in massive great tankers and bottled over here and that's not something we get involved with. But that becomes the only affordable way if the pound plummets against the euro. So I think that it won't be a good thing initially for the wine consumer because the prices of these small artisan wines will go up" .

However, the future might be bright in other, unexpected ways.

"All the English wine makers that I speak to say we are half a degree away from being a perfect climate for sparkling wines at least," says Harrow, and with apologies to climate change icon Al Gore, he adds that "global warming is a good thing for the UK sparkling wine trade."

Reports by the WSTA (Wine and Spirit Trade Association) suggest there is still some way to go as the UK comes in at number six on the list of sales of sparkling wine by origin - but it's rising year on year.

600 million bottles of wine are bottled in the UK.

This makes the UK wine market the sixth largest in the world, generating 173 billion British pounds of economic activity, according to the WSTA. 10 billion British pounds are made through sales.

Also being showcased here is one of the new kids on the alcohol block, Regal Rogue Vermouth.

According to brand founder Mark Ward, vermouth, by definition, is 75 percent wine. It must have wormwood and it must have an ABV (alcohol by volume) of 15 to 24 percent. These three things have to be in place for a producer to put vermouth on the bottle or it flouts recent EU regulations.

Ward, who was brought up in hospitality, began the project in Australia where he worked closely with top Australian chefs who introduced him to indigenous herbs and spices.

"It seemed like a really obvious thing to do, marrying the herbs and spices with this abundance of Australian wine to create a New World style of vermouth. And you know the tradition of vermouth is really led by the European markets. You know, Italian, French, now Spanish - but now there are vermouths coming out of America, the UK, Germany and obviously Australia. So pretty much anywhere where you find wine now, you will find a vermouth of some sort." he says.

Ward is attempting to educate the wine drinking market which, he believes, is mostly unaware of the fact that vermouth is fundamentally a wine.

This can only be helped by a new pop up for 2016, the Vermouth Bar.

The parent company of London Wine Week is the aptly named "Drink Up London", and they're already preparing for the 2017 event - Brexit or no Brexit.

LEAD IN:

UK wine industry experts are eyeing the upcoming vote on whether to leave the European Union with mixed feelings.

With producers and suppliers heavily reliant on pan-European trade, many remain unsure how Brexit will impact upon business.

STORY-LINE:

Sparkling wine on a summer's day in the English capital.

Glistening flutes and bottles in abundance, and a crowd of happy lunchtime drinkers add to the atmosphere of excitement and discovery, along with an impromptu game of ping pong.

It must be London Wine Week.

This is the third year of the festival, and this year is the most popular to date.

Festival director Emma Murphy says "It's the largest self-guided wine tasting that there is across London. It's kind of the only event of its kind that we have over here. So we work with 125 bars, restaurants, independent merchants who all get involved" .

But although these flutes of fizz are English sparkling wine, much of the wine the festival goers here are tasting is from EU member states such as France, Spain, Portugal, Italy and Germany.

The June 23 referendum on whether to quit the European Union is fast approaching. So is this something the industry should fear?

"I wouldn't have said so," says Murphy.

"Wine trade has been going for long enough, even long before the euro, so I wouldn't have thought that would make much difference to be honest with you. Hopefully not anyway."

At the festival hub on London's Devonshire Square, there are pop-up bars featuring wines from across Europe.

These two young graduate trainees are enjoying wines from Portugal, and with their festival wristband, it costs them just five British Pounds for a flight of three.

Oscar Stenbom and Anna Rogers both agree that things may well be different if Britain leaves the union.

"If it's more expensive for them to send the wine here, if there's more tariffs, then yeah I guess it would be," says Anna, while Oscar is concerned about regulation and labelling:

"It would also be more difficult to know what you are drinking because there won't be as many restrictions on labelling the wine based on where it's actually from and the grape it's actually come from."

The New Street wine shop has been taken over by the wine festival. They sell wines from all over the world but today they are holding a tasting featuring wines from Ribera del Duero in northern Spain.

Most wine drinkers know about the region of Rioja, but Bettina Lemm is informing these festival goers about the region she represents.

"I think they (wines of Ribera del Duero) are still an emerging market, especially in the UK. The UK is an important market for Ribera del Duero, it's the seventh-largest export market for Ribera del Duero but I think that we're still establishing ourselves."

But if the UK is an important export market, is Brexit going to throw the proverbial spanner into the works? Lemm doesn't seem too worried "I think at the moment we're pretty confident as we've seen year to year that exports have grown. I think that's going to continue and I don't think it's a worry that we have at the moment," she says.

Wine used to have a rather old fashioned reputation and a comparatively elderly demographic, but this has changed enormously in recent years.

The prevalence of wine clubs popping up in the UK is an indicator of wine's increasing popularity.

Tom Harrow of Honest Grapes explains why this is "I think this is because people want to engage more with what's in the bottle. It's not just liquid, they want to know the stories behind it, they want to meet the people involved. And there's the sociable aspect, you know wine is fundamentally something which we do with other people," he says.

With 125 venues across the metropolis taking part in this festival, there's plenty of opportunity to enjoy it with friends.

But with such enthusiasm for wine spreading across the country, June 23 could bring disruption, according to Harrow "It's fair to say that we're a bit concerned about the possibilities of Brexit, I think the rising price of the euro against the pound will have a serious effect on quality wine. At the moment more than 60 percent of wine that comes into the UK is shipped in massive great tankers and bottled over here and that's not something we get involved with. But that becomes the only affordable way if the pound plummets against the euro. So I think that it won't be a good thing initially for the wine consumer because the prices of these small artisan wines will go up" .

However, the future might be bright in other, unexpected ways.

"All the English wine makers that I speak to say we are half a degree away from being a perfect climate for sparkling wines at least," says Harrow, and with apologies to climate change icon Al Gore, he adds that "global warming is a good thing for the UK sparkling wine trade."

Reports by the WSTA (Wine and Spirit Trade Association) suggest there is still some way to go as the UK comes in at number six on the list of sales of sparkling wine by origin - but it's rising year on year.

600 million bottles of wine are bottled in the UK.

This makes the UK wine market the sixth largest in the world, generating 173 billion British pounds of economic activity, according to the WSTA. 10 billion British pounds are made through sales.

Also being showcased here is one of the new kids on the alcohol block, Regal Rogue Vermouth.

According to brand founder Mark Ward, vermouth, by definition, is 75 percent wine. It must have wormwood and it must have an ABV (alcohol by volume) of 15 to 24 percent. These three things have to be in place for a producer to put vermouth on the bottle or it flouts recent EU regulations.

Ward, who was brought up in hospitality, began the project in Australia where he worked closely with top Australian chefs who introduced him to indigenous herbs and spices.

"It seemed like a really obvious thing to do, marrying the herbs and spices with this abundance of Australian wine to create a New World style of vermouth. And you know the tradition of vermouth is really led by the European markets. You know, Italian, French, now Spanish - but now there are vermouths coming out of America, the UK, Germany and obviously Australia. So pretty much anywhere where you find wine now, you will find a vermouth of some sort." he says.

Ward is attempting to educate the wine drinking market which, he believes, is mostly unaware of the fact that vermouth is fundamentally a wine.

This can only be helped by a new pop up for 2016, the Vermouth Bar.

The parent company of London Wine Week is the aptly named "Drink Up London", and they're already preparing for the 2017 event - Brexit or no Brexit.

AP Television

London - 27 May 2016

1. Close of wine glasses

2. Bartender pouring sparkling wine

3. Tilt down on central courtyard at Devonshire Square, the hub for London Wine Week

4. Group of friends enjoying English sparkling wine

5. Men playing table tennis

6. Sign reading (English) "London Wine Week"

7. Set up shot of Emma Murphy, director of London Wine Week

8. SOUNDBITE (English) Emma Murphy, director of London Wine Week

"What's unique about it? It's the largest self-guided wine tasting that there is across London. It's kind of the only event of its kind that we have over here. So we work with 125 bars, restaurants, independent merchants who all get involved whether that's with offers, special menus or ticketed events across the week."

9. Two women with wine flight selection

10. SOUNDBITE (English) Emma Murphy, director of London Wine Week

(Responding to the question Do you think a Brexit will affect the wine industry negatively?)

"I wouldn't have said so, because I mean, I think, you know, wine trade has been going for long enough, even long before the euro, so I wouldn't have thought that would make much difference to be honest with you. Hopefully not anyway."

11. Sign reading (English) "Pop into our pop up wine bars"

12. Various of Portuguese wine pop up

13. Mid of graduate trainees in insurance Oscar Stenpom and Anna Rogers

14. Flight of Portuguese wines

15. SOUNDBITE (English) Oscar Stenbom and Anna Rogers, Insurance Graduate Trainees:

(Responding to question Do you think a Brexit will mean it will be more difficult for people to access quality wine?)

Stenbom: "Yes,"

Rogers: "I guess so, I mean if it's more expensive for them to send the wine here, if there's more tariffs, then yeah I guess it would be."

Stenbom: "It would also be more difficult to know what you're drinking, because there won't be as many restrictions on labelling the wine based on where it's actually from and the grape it's actually come from."

16. Pull focus of Spanish wine labels

17. Vintage bottles of fortified wine

18. Side view of Spanish wine bottles

19. Set up shot of Bettina Lemm with wines from Ribera del Duero in northern Spain

20. SOUNDBITE (English) Bettina Lemm, Westbury Communications (which represents the Ribera del Duero region in the UK):

"I think they (wines of Ribera del Duero) are still an emerging market, especially in the UK. The UK is an important market for Ribera del Duero, it's the seventh-largest export market for Ribera del Duero, but I think that we're still establishing ourselves. A lot of people know some big names from the region, and we're just trying to bring attention to some other grape producers who might not yet have the same recognition."

21. Close of wine labels

22. SOUNDBITE (English) Bettina Lemm, Westbury Communications (who represent the Ribera del Duero region in the UK):

(Responding to the question are you worried about the possibility of a Brexit affecting your export market?)

"I think at the moment we're pretty confident, as we've seen year to year that exports have grown. I think that's going to continue and I don't think it's a worry that we have at the moment."

23. Pan from mediaeval knight sculpture to pop up courtyard

24. Mid of Provence wines pop up

25. Establisher shot of Tom Harrow, wine director of Honest Grapes Wine Club

26. Close of Harrow eyeing the wine

27. SOUNDBITE (English) Tom Harrow, wine director of Honest Grapes:

"There's been a real rise in wine clubs in London and the UK generally of late, and I think this is because people want to engage more with what's in the bottle. It's not just liquid, they want to know the stories behind it, they want to meet the people involved. And there's the sociable aspect, you know wine is fundamentally something which we do with other people."

28. Mid of woman laughing over a glass of wine

29. SOUNDBITE (English) Tom Harrow, wine director of Honest Grapes:

"It's fair to say that we're a bit concerned about the possibilities of Brexit, I think the rising price of the euro against the pound will have a serious effect on quality wine. At the moment more than 60 percent of wine that comes into the UK is shipped in massive great tankers and then bottled over here and that's not something we get involved with. But that becomes the only affordable way if the pound plummets against the euro. So I think that it won't be a good thing initially for the wine consumer because the prices of these small artisan wines will go up."

30. Woman at table with wine

31. SOUNDBITE (English) Tom Harrow, wine director of Honest Grapes:

"All the English wine makers that I speak to say we are half a degree away from being a perfect climate for sparkling wines at least - and even the whites, and to an extent the reds are really coming up. So I have to say it - sorry Al Gore - global warming is a good thing for the UK sparkling wine trade."

32. Various of English rose and white sparkling wines

33. Vermouth being poured into a glass

34. Various of "Regal Rogue" Vermouth bottle

35. Tilt up of Mark Ward, founder of Regal Rogue vermouth, and his produce

36. SOUNDBITE (English) Mark Ward, founder of Regal Rogue vermouth:

"It seemed like a really obvious thing to do, marrying the herbs and spices with this abundance of Australian wine to create a New World style of vermouth. And you know the tradition of vermouth is really led by the European markets. You know, Italian, French, now Spanish - but now there are vermouths coming out of America, the UK, Germany and obviously Australia. So pretty much anywhere where you find wine now, you will find a vermouth of some sort."

37. Crowd of London Wine Week attendees at the Vermouth Bar

38. Mid of vermouth cocktails being made

39. Focus pull of sign reading (English) "Drink Up"

LENGTH: 6:02

RESTRICTION SUMMARY: AP CLIENTS ONLY

SHOTLIST:

AP TELEVISION - AP CLIENTS ONLY

Nottingham - 9 February, 2016

1. Renault truck driving into depot

2. Various of people working on maintaining trucks inside depot

3. Nigel Baxter, Managing Director of RH Commercial Vehicles, walking into depot

4. Baxter talking to member of staff in depot

5. Cutaway of member of staff

6. SOUNDBITE: (English) Nigel Baxter, Managing Director of RH Commercial Vehicles:

"The positives for us are that we will no longer be overburdened with regulation. I don't believe it will make any significant change to us at all in terms of trade. Our relationship is with the European manufacturer, that relationship will continue. We're continuing to grow, continuing to develop, they are continuing to grow and continuing to develop. There's a vested interest for both parties to ensure that that continues and I have every confidence that it will."

London - 11 February, 2016

7. Various of exteriors of the Houses of Parliament

London - 10 February, 2016

8. Set up of Steven Baker, Member of Parliament and Chairman and Founder of Conservatives for Britain

9. SOUNDBITE: (English) Steven Baker, Member of Parliament and Chairman and Founder of Conservatives for Britain:

"The advantage of coming back is that we can take control of our spending to make sure we spend our money on our priorities. And there is a conversation to be had about how 350 million pounds a week of gross contributions should be spent."

10. Set up of Stephen Kinnock, Labour Member of Parliament and Chairman of Labour Business

11. SOUNDBITE: (English) Stephen Kinnock, Labour Member of Parliament and Chairman of Labour Business:

"I think it would be catastrophic from the point of view of trade. It would also be very bad from the point of view of investment because many many global companies invest in the UK because it's an English speaking market but also because it's a member of the European Union and so it gives you access to a much larger market of 500 million consumers."

London - 11 February, 2016

12. Set up of Swati Dhingra, lecturer at the London School of Economics and co author of: "Life After BREXIT: What are the UK's options outside the European Union?"

13. SOUNDBITE: (English) Swati Dhingra, lecturer at the London School of Economics and co author of "Life After BREXIT: What are the UK's options outside the European Union?":

"Then we are talking about a six to 9-and-a-half percent drop in GDP in the UK. And to put that number in perspective during the financial crisis, British GDP fell by about seven percent so we are talking about a order in magnitude similar to the financial crisis. And I think Britain at this point with just a two percent growth rate in GDP can't afford that kind of, sort of economic loss."

London - 10 February 2016

14. Various of employee putting labels on bottles of beer at Gosnells London Mead microbrewery in London

15. Bottles

16. Sign reading (English) "Gosnells London Mead"

17. Man carrying boxes of beer

18. Various of Tom Gosnells, founder of Gosnells London Mead filling up a glass from the brewing tank

19. SOUNDBITE: (English) Tom Gosnells, founder of Gosnells London Mead:

"So a lot of the trade we do as a business is with Europe. Most of the raw ingredients we use to make the mead come from the European Union, so our kegs come from the Netherlands, our bottles come from Belgium and our honey comes from Spain, so pretty much all our supply chain is related to Europe. Also, we're also looking to grow as a business and Europe is an important export market for us. We already export to Italy and we're looking to other markets within Europe and I think if we came out of the EU there would be some risk around that."

20. Gosnells holding up a glass of beer and tasting it with his colleague

STORYLINE:

British Prime Minister David Cameron will head to Brussels on Thursday for a crucial European Union summit which will finalise the last details of his controversial EU deal.

If he fails to get reforms, a British referendum on EU membership may lead to the UK leaving the EU.

As politicians and business leaders wrangle over the benefits of being in or out, business owners are weighing up the cost of a potential "Brexit".

RH Vehicles is a Renault dealer in the UK. It sells trucks, spare parts and carries out maintenance.

It's a British company with strong links with Europe: Renault is owned by Sweden, the parts are made in factories all over Europe and some of the staff are from Poland.

So it's perhaps surprising that owner Nigel Baxter wants to leave the European Union.

But he believes nothing will change and that business links will continue whether or not Britain stays in the 28-nation bloc.

With a referendum on whether to leave the EU planned for later in the year, members of Parliament from across the political spectrum are gearing up for battle.

MP and co-founder of Conservatives for Britain, Steve Baker, insists Britain needs to take back control of its budget.

Stephen Kinnock, Labour MP and chairman of Labour Business, believes a Brexit would be catastrophic not only for British imports and exports but also for investments into the country.

Swati Dhingra, lecturer at the London School of Economics and co-author of an economic report on the British economy in the event of a Brexit says the loss to Britain's GDP as a result of increased costs of importing and exporting would be 1.3 to 2.2 percent.

But it would actually total 6 to 9.5 percent if the expected loss of investment in the UK was included, she added.

Gosnells London Mead is a micro-brewery in South London.

It was founded two years ago and has an annual turnover of 200-thousand pounds.

Owner Tom Gosnells is not only keen to make inroads into European markets, but his business also depends on Europe for most of its raw ingredients.

As a result he is wary of Britain exiting the EU.

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Fears of "Brexit" are stark among the inhabitants of Blacklion in the Republic of Ireland and Belcoo in Northern Ireland, UK - two border villages that could be further separated if the United Kingdom opts to leave the European Union.

Only a gurgling stream separates the two villages, but Ireland's soft border could become a hard fact of life again if the United Kingdom leaves the European Union, the sovereignty-sharing bloc that has done much to blur the 95-year-old boundary.

Should a majority of British voters reject continued EU membership in the UK's June 23 referendum, Northern Ireland's nearly 500-kilometre (310-mile) frontier with the Irish Republic would become the only British land border with the 27-nation EU.

The closely intertwined residents of Belcoo in Northern Ireland and Blacklion barely 200 metres (218 yards) away in the republic would find themselves again in two diverging lands.

While some view that prospect as an opportunity, many more express dread at the thought.

Farmer Hugh Maguire, 60, whose Blacklion home rests barely inside the republic but whose nearby farm of sheep, cattle and hens lies in Northern Ireland, said he could not survive without EU subsidies.

Both communities are heavily dependent on EU funding. Agriculture is the top employer, and farms receive 329 euros (365 US dollars) per hectare of land from the EU's Single Farm Payment subsidy scheme in place since 2003, an annual payment exceeding 80,000 euros (90,000 US dollars) for Maguire's 241-hectare farm.

Few Northern Ireland farmers are confident that the British government, long a critic of EU farm subsidies, would maintain anything close to that level of state support.

Maguire estimates that EU payments provide two-thirds of his income while most of the rest requires open market access to livestock marts in the republic, where prices for spring lamb are stronger.

Behind the bar in 'Jack's Bar' in Belcoo in Northern Ireland, owner Paul Leonard and his son Stephen look likely to cancel each other's votes. The son favors staying in the EU, while the father is eyeing the exit.

Fears of "Brexit" are stark among the inhabitants of Blacklion in the Republic of Ireland and Belcoo in Northern Ireland, UK - two border villages that could be further separated if the United Kingdom opts to leave the European Union.

Only a gurgling stream separates the two villages, but Ireland's soft border could become a hard fact of life again if the United Kingdom leaves the European Union, the sovereignty-sharing bloc that has done much to blur the 95-year-old boundary.

Should a majority of British voters reject continued EU membership in the UK's June 23 referendum, Northern Ireland's nearly 500-kilometre (310-mile) frontier with the Irish Republic would become the only British land border with the 27-nation EU.

The closely intertwined residents of Belcoo in Northern Ireland and Blacklion barely 200 metres (218 yards) away in the republic would find themselves again in two diverging lands.

While some view that prospect as an opportunity, many more express dread at the thought.

Farmer Hugh Maguire, 60, whose Blacklion home rests barely inside the republic but whose nearby farm of sheep, cattle and hens lies in Northern Ireland, said he could not survive without EU subsidies.

Both communities are heavily dependent on EU funding. Agriculture is the top employer, and farms receive 329 euros (365 US dollars) per hectare of land from the EU's Single Farm Payment subsidy scheme in place since 2003, an annual payment exceeding 80,000 euros (90,000 US dollars) for Maguire's 241-hectare farm.

Few Northern Ireland farmers are confident that the British government, long a critic of EU farm subsidies, would maintain anything close to that level of state support.

Maguire estimates that EU payments provide two-thirds of his income while most of the rest requires open market access to livestock marts in the republic, where prices for spring lamb are stronger.

Behind the bar in 'Jack's Bar' in Belcoo in Northern Ireland, owner Paul Leonard and his son Stephen look likely to cancel each other's votes. The son favors staying in the EU, while the father is eyeing the exit.

AP TELEVISION

Blacklion, Republic of Ireland - 24 May 2016

1. Farmer Hugh Maguire with a calf and cows on pasture

2. Close of calf

3. Sheep running on pasture

4. Maguire, pointing to horizon UPSOUND (English): "Right around the borderline of the mountain, right the way on, you can see parts of Southern Ireland."

5. Sheep grazing

6. SOUNDBITE (English) Hugh Maguire, farmer:

"Probably 70 percent of my income is off it, 65 to 70 percent is from the EU (European Union). We couldn't survive only for the subsidies. There is no way we could survive, especially on this land that we're farming."

7. Maguire leaving farm through gate

AP TELEVISION

Belcoo, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom (UK) - 24 May 2016

8. Bridge leading from Belcoo, Northern Ireland (UK) to Blacklion, Republic of Ireland, with sign reading (English and Gaelic) "Welcome to County Cavan"

9. Close of sign reading (English and Gaelic) "Blacklion" with speed limit in kilometres per hour

10. Bridge connecting Belcoo, Northern Ireland (UK) and Blacklion, Republic of Ireland

AP TELEVISION

Blacklion, Republic of Ireland - 24 May 2016

11. Sign of "The Market House" tourist centre and gift shop

12. Tourist administrator Helena Corcoran talking to colleague in tourist centre

13. Leprechaun puppets for sale in tourist centre

14. SOUNDBITE (English) Helena Corcoran, tourist administrator and local resident:

"We've had so much tragedy and grief along the border area, that I just feel and hope that they will stay in. My fear is, I suppose, that this border will appear and will make everyday life difficult for everybody basically, because this is the main road from North to South, from Sligo, and we get a lot of traffic, a lot of tourists, and we've already suffered enough in this area, so we don't need to suffer anymore."

15. Mug for sale with images of Ireland and reading (English) "Greetings from Ireland"

AP TELEVISION

Blacklion, Republic of Ireland - 25 May 2016

16. Top shot of bridge connecting Blacklion, Republic of Ireland and Belcoo, Northern Ireland (UK)

17. SOUNDBITE (English) John Paul Feeley, Cavan County councilman:

"Europe, and the structural funding and the peace funding have been hugely important in terms of giving areas like this the leg-up that they need to reach or to get into step with the rest of the country and progress economically."

AP TELEVISION

Belcoo, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom (UK) - 25 May 2016

18. Sign reading (English) Belcoo, with speed limit in miles per hour

19. Bartender Stephen Leonard carrying board out of pub "Jack's Bar"

20. Stephen Leonard serving guests inside pub

21. SOUNDBITE (English) Stephen Leonard, bartender:

"Behind the bar you hear both sides of the story, and you hear now a lot of things like there'll be borders back up, the police will be back out stopping and just all stuff like that, and I've never witnessed it, and I wouldn't like to witness it from what you've heard years ago."

22. Stephen Leonard talking to his father Paul Leonard

23. SOUNDBITE (English) Paul Leonard, self-employed pub owner:

"It probably would possibly enhance the economy again, maybe we'd be freer to be able to do things without the regulation of Europe, you know, so it would. At the end of the day, before the UK market ever went down to the EU, they have always had a very strong economy, they were always well able to survive. They have an identity of their own."

24. Paul Leonard pouring beer and handing glass to his son UPSOUND (English): "Hey Stephen, that's for you."

25. Stephen Leonard drinking beer in pub

26. Pan from river to bridge between Blacklion, Republic of Ireland and Belcoo, Northern Ireland (UK)

FOR CLEAN VERSION SEE STORY NUMBER: 4053826

LEAD IN:

Chocolates made with reindeer moss and 'duck crackling' are among the innovations at a speciality food fair in London.

Since the Brexit vote, many British producers are concerned that they can no longer rely on the EU market and are beginning to look to the east.

STORY-LINE:

It looks like intricately stitched fabric, but these are colourful cakes based on eastern henna designs.

The bright gold reds and pinks are aiming at markets all over the world. The company is called Sari after the ornately designed garments traditionally worn by women in India.

The foods and drinks found here are aimed at the top end of the market.

Many stall holders are hoping to find favour with restaurateurs, luxury food wholesalers, or high end supermarkets.

The director of the Speciality and Fine Food Fair is Soraya Gadelrab.

Gadelrab believes the UK especially London has an international cuisine that other markets are opening up to.

That's why next year there will see the launch of the Asian Speciality Food Fair in Singapore, a lucrative market chosen because consumers there are wealthy and becoming more cosmopolitan.

Gadelrab says: "People see the UK and London as ahead of the trends when it comes to food and drink and the latest products, the latest ways of eating, the latest styles, the latest diets, and I think that's something that countries around the world sometimes look to the UK and more specifically London to see what we're doing and at this show there's so many countries represented, there's so much food from around the world and we eat globally here in the UK every day. But not all countries do that and what we're finding is that other countries are starting to catch up with us so we're actually taking this show to Singapore next year and launching Speciality and Fine Food Asia."

Despite warnings from President Obama at the G20 summit in China at the weekend, Gadelrab is not gloomy about Britain's food industry after the UK leaves Britain.

She says: "Artisan biscuits, pies, it's a huge market there's the expat(riot) community, but there's also quite an affluent consumer there and they want the latest, the greatest products imported from all around the world and British food is really up there."

This company has been exporting gourmet Italian foods into Britain for forty years.

It's owner Toni Pirozzi helped to blaze the trail which has ensured that many people in Britain consume cheeses, hams, pastas and sauces which wouldn't have been easily available a few decades ago.

Exporters like Pirozzi see the UK as an important market.

While he isn't gloomy about the luxury food market, he believes there will be a downward pressure on prices.

According to Pirozzi: "Being in the exit (Brexit from EU) from the common market I think it's going to be a little problem for the Italian product. But not too much because the product is not going to be successful, but it's going to be a little outpriced and quite a lot of imitations, they're coming out produced in every part of the world, which they call Italian product, but they are not original."

Concern about authenticity is something that many food producers are worried about.

Tight restrictions in EU law ensure that the products of particular regions are protected.

For example you can't make sparkling wine and call champagne unless it's from the champagne produce region in France.

Pirozzi gives the example of a particular kind of Sicilian tomato.

"If you look at the ciliegino di Pachino, the original ciliegino di Pachino, only from Pachino do you have a different flavour, the vitamins, everything inside is beautiful because the area of Pachino is an area which is very salty, very windy and very hot. Now if you go only thirty kilometres from Pachino, you buy the same ciliegino, it looks the same. Now ciliegino comes from everywhere and the price...(gesticulates that the price goes down)."

A concern for luxury food producers in the UK is whether shoppers post-Brexit will still be happy to pay more for specialist products.

Gadelrab is optimistic: "People still want those beautiful indulgences and this is what this fair is all about, the handcrafted products with all the best ingredients, full of flavour, exciting flavour combinations and I think that's not something that's going to go away because when times are tough, maybe people scrimp on holidays and big TVs, but they're still going to treat themselves to a beautiful cake, or some lovely ham, or some hand reared beef, so it's here to stay."

New ideas and producers are developing all the time.

Adam Wilding is launching his new product here at the fair after three long years of testing and developing a 'duck crackling' to take on the British pork crackling market.

Crispy duck skins are sold in delicatessens in France and of course the Chinese gourmands have been creating crispy duck skin for centuries, but Wilding believes he's the first to think of marketing it in this way.

He says: "We've a good connection with pork crackling, this idea came about when I was running a menu for a canape event and just as I was going to sleep I thought, you know these ideas come to you sometimes at night, but the idea was to have crispy duck skin as a canape base. On top of that we put some duck pate and it kind of went so well that a little spark went off."

This product has yet to be distributed and Wilding doesn't want disclose who he is in talks with, but he says it is going well.

"There's an overwhelming interest, you can see this moment where people's brains, they compute the idea and they suddenly get it and they are like 'oh yes, I understand what this is'."

After a savoury snack, it's time for something sweet - and another launch of a very unusual product.

Not this actual size shoe adorned with artificial pearls, but something that Nordic and Scandinavian countries will recognise.

Chocolala is an Estonian company which has high hopes for these little bundles of reindeer moss chocolates

It's run by Kristi Lehtis, who goes hunting for the moss in the forests near her home, rather like the reindeer do.

She also forages for wild fruits to put in her chocolates.

"Blueberries and moss they grow together and while I was picking blueberries I thought it would be nice to take something from the forest along, something more and the moss is actually widely used by the chefs as well at the restaurants," she says.

"You can make it with beetroot for example and it's a pink moss, but we make it with chocolate you can caramelise it, we have lots of different ways and it gives texture because it's nice to have the chocolate plus the texture so together it's a great product and something that people haven't tried. There are a lot of people who want something special who have tried everything and they don't know what to give as a present, so this something that they haven't tried."

It remains to be seen whether chocolate moss will be appearing on people's Christmas lists this year.

London, UK - 4 September 2016

1. Close tilt up of ornately decorated cake inspired by henna designs

2. Close zoom out of silver cake

3. Pan of differently decorated cakes

4. Close zoom in on giant chocolate nuts and small glazed chocolates

5. Wide of chocolate producer talking to potential client

6. Wide of chocolate box with graphic designs

7. Close zoom in to artisanal Scotch eggs

8. Mid of man on pie stall chopping eggs for people to taste

9. Close of eggs

10. Wide of specialist bread and cake stall

11. Close tilt up of pies and breads

12. Zoom in to barrel of cheese

13. Mid of staff on Italian food stall

14. Various of event director Soraya Gadelrab trying specialist cheese at Italian stall

15. SOUNDBITE: (English) Soraya Gadelrab, director, Speciality and Fine Food Fair

"People see the UK and London as ahead of the trends when it comes to food and drink and the latest products, the latest ways of eating, the latest styles, the latest diets, and I think that's something that countries around the world sometimes look to the UK and more specifically London to see what we're doing and at this show there's so many countries represented, there's so much food from around the world and we eat globally here in the UK every day. But not all countries do that and what we're finding is that other countries are starting to catch up with us so we're actually taking this show to Singapore next year and launching Speciality and Fine Food Asia."

16. Mid zoom in on large flavoured meringues

17. Wide pan of chocolate shop

18. SOUNDBITE: (English) Soraya Gadelrab, director, Speciality and Fine Food Fair

"Artisan biscuits, pies, it's a huge market there's the expat(riot) community, but there's also quite an affluent consumer there and they want the latest, the greatest products imported from all around the world and British food is really up there."

19. Close of spoon scooping out Gorgonzola cheese

20. Mid of Toni Pirozzi, Italian food and specialist cheese exporter, giving his colleague the spoonful of Gorgonzola

21. Close of man tasting and savouring cheese

22. Close zoom in to Gorgonzola

23. SOUNDBITE: (English) Toni Pirozzi, Italian food exporter

"Being in the exit (Brexit from EU) from the common market, I think it's going to be a little problem for the Italian product. But not too much because the product is not going to be successful, but it's going to be a little outpriced and quite a lot of imitations, they're coming out produced in every part of the world, which they call Italian product, but they are not original."

24. Close of Gorgonzola being scooped out

25. SOUNDBITE: (English) Toni Pirozzi, Italian food exporter

"If you look at the ciliegino di Pachino, the original ciliegino di Pachino, only from Pachino do you have a different flavour, the vitamins, everything inside is beautiful because the area of Pachino is an area which is very salty, very windy and very hot. Now if you go only thirty kilometres from Pachino, you buy the same ciliegino, it looks the same. Now ciliegino comes from everywhere and the price...(gesticulates that the price goes down)."

26. Wide of food fair

27. Top mid of specialist food seller speaking to client

28. SOUNDBITE: (English) Soraya Gadelrab, Speciality and Fine Food Fair

"People still want those beautiful indulgences and this is what this fair is all about, the handcrafted products with all the best ingredients, full of flavour, exciting flavour combinations and I think that's not something that's going to go away because when times are tough, maybe people scrimp on holidays and big TVs, but they're still going to treat themselves to a beautiful cake, or some lovely ham, or some hand reared beef, so it's here to stay."

29. Mid of passerby being offered taste of crispy duck skin snacks described as duck crackling

30. SOUNDBITE: (English) Adam Wilding, chef and inventor of "Duck Crackling"

"We've a good connection with pork crackling, this idea came about when I was running a menu for a canape event and just as I was going to sleep I thought, you know these ideas come to you sometimes at night, but the idea was to have crispy duck skin as a canape base. On top of that we put some duck pate and it kind of went so well that a little spark went off."

31. Close of duck crackling in pots on tray

32. Mid of Wilding talking to colleague

33. Close of Wilding

34. Close of pots

35. SOUNDBITE: (English) Adam Wilding, chef and inventor of "Duck Crackling"

"There's an overwhelming interest, you can see this moment where people's brains, they compute the idea and they suddenly get it and they are like 'oh yes, I understand what this is'."

36. Close of chocolate shoe in real shoe size

37. Various of chocolate shoe being held outside of box

38. Close of reindeer moss chocolates being put into gift box

39. Close of moss chocolate

40. SOUNDBITE: (English) Kristi Lehtis, specialist chocolate maker, Chocolala

"So moss is a very special product."

41. Close of reindeer moss chocolate

42. SOUNDBITE: (English) Kristi Lehtis, specialist chocolate maker, Chocolala

"Blueberries and moss they grow together and while I was picking blueberries I thought it would be nice to take something from the forest along, something more and the moss is actually widely used by the chefs as well at the restaurants because you can make it with beetroot for example and it's a pink moss, but we make it with chocolate you can caramelise it we have lots of different ways and it gives texture because it's nice to have the chocolate plus the texture so together it's a great product and something that people haven't tried. There are a lot of people who want something special who have tried everything and they don't know what to give as a present, so this something that they haven't tried."

43. Close of carton filled with reindeer moss

44. Close of Lehtis

45. Mid of Lehtis filling gift box

LEAD IN:

Chocolates made with reindeer moss and 'duck crackling' are among the innovations at a speciality food fair in London.

Since the Brexit vote, many British producers are concerned that they can no longer rely on the EU market and are beginning to look to the east.

STORY-LINE:

It looks like intricately stitched fabric, but these are colourful cakes based on eastern henna designs.

The bright gold reds and pinks are aiming at markets all over the world. The company is called Sari after the ornately designed garments traditionally worn by women in India.

The foods and drinks found here are aimed at the top end of the market.

Many stall holders are hoping to find favour with restaurateurs, luxury food wholesalers, or high end supermarkets.

The director of the Speciality and Fine Food Fair is Soraya Gadelrab.

Gadelrab believes the UK especially London has an international cuisine that other markets are opening up to.

That's why next year there will see the launch of the Asian Speciality Food Fair in Singapore, a lucrative market chosen because consumers there are wealthy and becoming more cosmopolitan.

Gadelrab says: "People see the UK and London as ahead of the trends when it comes to food and drink and the latest products, the latest ways of eating, the latest styles, the latest diets, and I think that's something that countries around the world sometimes look to the UK and more specifically London to see what we're doing and at this show there's so many countries represented, there's so much food from around the world and we eat globally here in the UK every day. But not all countries do that and what we're finding is that other countries are starting to catch up with us so we're actually taking this show to Singapore next year and launching Speciality and Fine Food Asia."

Despite warnings from President Obama at the G20 summit in China at the weekend, Gadelrab is not gloomy about Britain's food industry after the UK leaves Britain.

She says: "Artisan biscuits, pies, it's a huge market there's the expat(riot) community, but there's also quite an affluent consumer there and they want the latest, the greatest products imported from all around the world and British food is really up there."

This company has been exporting gourmet Italian foods into Britain for forty years.

It's owner Toni Pirozzi helped to blaze the trail which has ensured that many people in Britain consume cheeses, hams, pastas and sauces which wouldn't have been easily available a few decades ago.

Exporters like Pirozzi see the UK as an important market.

While he isn't gloomy about the luxury food market, he believes there will be a downward pressure on prices.

According to Pirozzi: "Being in the exit (Brexit from EU) from the common market I think it's going to be a little problem for the Italian product. But not too much because the product is not going to be successful, but it's going to be a little outpriced and quite a lot of imitations, they're coming out produced in every part of the world, which they call Italian product, but they are not original."

Concern about authenticity is something that many food producers are worried about.

Tight restrictions in EU law ensure that the products of particular regions are protected.

For example you can't make sparkling wine and call champagne unless it's from the champagne produce region in France.

Pirozzi gives the example of a particular kind of Sicilian tomato.

"If you look at the ciliegino di Pachino, the original ciliegino di Pachino, only from Pachino do you have a different flavour, the vitamins, everything inside is beautiful because the area of Pachino is an area which is very salty, very windy and very hot. Now if you go only thirty kilometres from Pachino, you buy the same ciliegino, it looks the same. Now ciliegino comes from everywhere and the price...(gesticulates that the price goes down)."

A concern for luxury food producers in the UK is whether shoppers post-Brexit will still be happy to pay more for specialist products.

Gadelrab is optimistic: "People still want those beautiful indulgences and this is what this fair is all about, the handcrafted products with all the best ingredients, full of flavour, exciting flavour combinations and I think that's not something that's going to go away because when times are tough, maybe people scrimp on holidays and big TVs, but they're still going to treat themselves to a beautiful cake, or some lovely ham, or some hand reared beef, so it's here to stay."

New ideas and producers are developing all the time.

Adam Wilding is launching his new product here at the fair after three long years of testing and developing a 'duck crackling' to take on the British pork crackling market.

Crispy duck skins are sold in delicatessens in France and of course the Chinese gourmands have been creating crispy duck skin for centuries, but Wilding believes he's the first to think of marketing it in this way.

He says: "We've a good connection with pork crackling, this idea came about when I was running a menu for a canape event and just as I was going to sleep I thought, you know these ideas come to you sometimes at night, but the idea was to have crispy duck skin as a canape base. On top of that we put some duck pate and it kind of went so well that a little spark went off."

This product has yet to be distributed and Wilding doesn't want disclose who he is in talks with, but he says it is going well.

"There's an overwhelming interest, you can see this moment where people's brains, they compute the idea and they suddenly get it and they are like 'oh yes, I understand what this is'."

After a savoury snack, it's time for something sweet - and another launch of a very unusual product.

Not this actual size shoe adorned with artificial pearls, but something that Nordic and Scandinavian countries will recognise.

Chocolala is an Estonian company which has high hopes for these little bundles of reindeer moss chocolates

It's run by Kristi Lehtis, who goes hunting for the moss in the forests near her home, rather like the reindeer do.

She also forages for wild fruits to put in her chocolates.

"Blueberries and moss they grow together and while I was picking blueberries I thought it would be nice to take something from the forest along, something more and the moss is actually widely used by the chefs as well at the restaurants," she says.

"You can make it with beetroot for example and it's a pink moss, but we make it with chocolate you can caramelise it, we have lots of different ways and it gives texture because it's nice to have the chocolate plus the texture so together it's a great product and something that people haven't tried. There are a lot of people who want something special who have tried everything and they don't know what to give as a present, so this something that they haven't tried."

It remains to be seen whether chocolate moss will be appearing on people's Christmas lists this year.

London, UK - 4 September 2016

1. Close tilt up of ornately decorated cake inspired by henna designs

2. Close zoom out of silver cake

3. Pan of differently decorated cakes

4. Close zoom in on giant chocolate nuts and small glazed chocolates

5. Wide of chocolate producer talking to potential client

6. Wide of chocolate box with graphic designs

7. Close zoom in to artisanal Scotch eggs

8. Mid of man on pie stall chopping eggs for people to taste

9. Close of eggs

10. Wide of specialist bread and cake stall

11. Close tilt up of pies and breads

12. Zoom in to barrel of cheese

13. Mid of staff on Italian food stall

14. Various of event director Soraya Gadelrab trying specialist cheese at Italian stall

15. SOUNDBITE: (English) Soraya Gadelrab, director, Speciality and Fine Food Fair

"People see the UK and London as ahead of the trends when it comes to food and drink and the latest products, the latest ways of eating, the latest styles, the latest diets, and I think that's something that countries around the world sometimes look to the UK and more specifically London to see what we're doing and at this show there's so many countries represented, there's so much food from around the world and we eat globally here in the UK every day. But not all countries do that and what we're finding is that other countries are starting to catch up with us so we're actually taking this show to Singapore next year and launching Speciality and Fine Food Asia."

16. Mid zoom in on large flavoured meringues

17. Wide pan of chocolate shop

18. SOUNDBITE: (English) Soraya Gadelrab, director, Speciality and Fine Food Fair

"Artisan biscuits, pies, it's a huge market there's the expat(riot) community, but there's also quite an affluent consumer there and they want the latest, the greatest products imported from all around the world and British food is really up there."

19. Close of spoon scooping out Gorgonzola cheese

20. Mid of Toni Pirozzi, Italian food and specialist cheese exporter, giving his colleague the spoonful of Gorgonzola

21. Close of man tasting and savouring cheese

22. Close zoom in to Gorgonzola

23. SOUNDBITE: (English) Toni Pirozzi, Italian food exporter

"Being in the exit (Brexit from EU) from the common market, I think it's going to be a little problem for the Italian product. But not too much because the product is not going to be successful, but it's going to be a little outpriced and quite a lot of imitations, they're coming out produced in every part of the world, which they call Italian product, but they are not original."

24. Close of Gorgonzola being scooped out

25. SOUNDBITE: (English) Toni Pirozzi, Italian food exporter

"If you look at the ciliegino di Pachino, the original ciliegino di Pachino, only from Pachino do you have a different flavour, the vitamins, everything inside is beautiful because the area of Pachino is an area which is very salty, very windy and very hot. Now if you go only thirty kilometres from Pachino, you buy the same ciliegino, it looks the same. Now ciliegino comes from everywhere and the price...(gesticulates that the price goes down)."

26. Wide of food fair

27. Top mid of specialist food seller speaking to client

28. SOUNDBITE: (English) Soraya Gadelrab, Speciality and Fine Food Fair

"People still want those beautiful indulgences and this is what this fair is all about, the handcrafted products with all the best ingredients, full of flavour, exciting flavour combinations and I think that's not something that's going to go away because when times are tough, maybe people scrimp on holidays and big TVs, but they're still going to treat themselves to a beautiful cake, or some lovely ham, or some hand reared beef, so it's here to stay."

29. Mid of passerby being offered taste of crispy duck skin snacks described as duck crackling

30. SOUNDBITE: (English) Adam Wilding, chef and inventor of "Duck Crackling"

"We've a good connection with pork crackling, this idea came about when I was running a menu for a canape event and just as I was going to sleep I thought, you know these ideas come to you sometimes at night, but the idea was to have crispy duck skin as a canape base. On top of that we put some duck pate and it kind of went so well that a little spark went off."

31. Close of duck crackling in pots on tray

32. Mid of Wilding talking to colleague

33. Close of Wilding

34. Close of pots

35. SOUNDBITE: (English) Adam Wilding, chef and inventor of "Duck Crackling"

"There's an overwhelming interest, you can see this moment where people's brains, they compute the idea and they suddenly get it and they are like 'oh yes, I understand what this is'."

36. Close of chocolate shoe in real shoe size

37. Various of chocolate shoe being held outside of box

38. Close of reindeer moss chocolates being put into gift box

39. Close of moss chocolate

40. SOUNDBITE: (English) Kristi Lehtis, specialist chocolate maker, Chocolala

"So moss is a very special product."

41. Close of reindeer moss chocolate

42. SOUNDBITE: (English) Kristi Lehtis, specialist chocolate maker, Chocolala

"Blueberries and moss they grow together and while I was picking blueberries I thought it would be nice to take something from the forest along, something more and the moss is actually widely used by the chefs as well at the restaurants because you can make it with beetroot for example and it's a pink moss, but we make it with chocolate you can caramelise it we have lots of different ways and it gives texture because it's nice to have the chocolate plus the texture so together it's a great product and something that people haven't tried. There are a lot of people who want something special who have tried everything and they don't know what to give as a present, so this something that they haven't tried."

43. Close of carton filled with reindeer moss

44. Close of Lehtis

45. Mid of Lehtis filling gift box

With sparks flying from a welder at work behind him, Simon Boyd's voice rises as he explains why he believes the United Kingdom should leave the European Union even though his company, Reid Steel, has put up buildings across the 28-nation bloc, from the Netherlands to Poland and Italy.

The EU saddles smaller businesses with reams of unnecessary regulations, says Boyd, Managing Director of the UK's largest steel construction company, based in the southern town of Christchurch, England.

That dilutes Britain's reputation for quality and threatens the nation's sovereignty. But more importantly, he claims, it is costing companies like his.

The views of small business owners like Boyd will be key to the outcome of the 23 June referendum on Britain's EU membership, which polls show is still close.

The country's 5.4 million small and medium-size enterprises account for 99 percent of Britain's businesses and employ 15.6 million people, or half of those working in the private sector.

While the media has focused on the fact that most large companies back EU membership, opinion is divided among smaller firms.

When the Federation of Small Businesses surveyed its members last year, it found that 47 percent supported EU membership and 41 percent wanted to leave.

However, a February poll found that 42 percent said their votes could still be swayed.

"I think we have to take this opportunity," Boyd said with passion. "It's a once in a lifetime opportunity to take back control of our own destiny. From a business perspective the European Union has been very bad for us. We are over-regulated and held back as a result of that overregulation."

The federation has asked both campaigns to detail the economic costs and benefits of EU membership and of leaving the bloc.

Answering those questions is another matter, said Angus Armstrong, an economist at the National Institute of Economic and Social Research.

"No country the size of the United Kingdom has ever left such an integrated economic union," he said. "In other words, there is no precedent to look back upon and draw some lessons - so we're in uncharted territory here. Many people say they would like to have more facts. The difficulty is we haven't been here before."

The International Monetary Fund said this month that a vote to leave the EU would lead to a "protracted period of heightened uncertainty" as Britain would be forced to negotiate bilateral trade deals with its former European partners and countries around the world. That would trigger volatility in financial markets and slow economic growth, the fund said.

The Bank of England says a so-called Brexit would also weaken the pound, increasing the cost of imported goods and spurring inflation.

That uncertainty is likely to hit smaller businesses harder than others mainly by making it more difficult for them to get loans - banks tend to shun riskier loans during times of stress.

Uncertainty is exactly what frightens many small business owners, who don't have the resources of global conglomerates to adjust to dramatic changes.

Birmingham spice trader Jason Wouhra is one of the worried.

His family-run business, East End Foods, started out with a corner store that sold fresh chicken and grew into one of the largest importers of ethnic food ingredients in the UK.

He is voting to stay, in large part because he fears that a vote to leave would trigger a decade or more of trade negotiations.

"I'm not comfortable with the uncertainty of moving out," Wouhra said.

If Britain leaves the EU, Wouhra fears he would need to re-write all the labels on his company's products and repackage the boxes for every country he trades with.

"It would be a huge expense, possibly going into millions of pounds," he said.

But Boyd - who has 130 employees - argues that for smaller companies the benefits of leaving the EU far outweigh the risks of leaving.

Rather than profiting from the EU membership, Reid Steel is actually losing contracts in France because local rules require the company to have a type of insurance you can only buy if you're French, he said.

Moreover, Boyd believes that British companies "will be freer" if the UK leaves the union because they won't have to jump through the EU's regulatory hoops, he said.

With sparks flying from a welder at work behind him, Simon Boyd's voice rises as he explains why he believes the United Kingdom should leave the European Union even though his company, Reid Steel, has put up buildings across the 28-nation bloc, from the Netherlands to Poland and Italy.

The EU saddles smaller businesses with reams of unnecessary regulations, says Boyd, Managing Director of the UK's largest steel construction company, based in the southern town of Christchurch, England.

That dilutes Britain's reputation for quality and threatens the nation's sovereignty. But more importantly, he claims, it is costing companies like his.

The views of small business owners like Boyd will be key to the outcome of the 23 June referendum on Britain's EU membership, which polls show is still close.

The country's 5.4 million small and medium-size enterprises account for 99 percent of Britain's businesses and employ 15.6 million people, or half of those working in the private sector.

While the media has focused on the fact that most large companies back EU membership, opinion is divided among smaller firms.

When the Federation of Small Businesses surveyed its members last year, it found that 47 percent supported EU membership and 41 percent wanted to leave.

However, a February poll found that 42 percent said their votes could still be swayed.

"I think we have to take this opportunity," Boyd said with passion. "It's a once in a lifetime opportunity to take back control of our own destiny. From a business perspective the European Union has been very bad for us. We are over-regulated and held back as a result of that overregulation."

The federation has asked both campaigns to detail the economic costs and benefits of EU membership and of leaving the bloc.

Answering those questions is another matter, said Angus Armstrong, an economist at the National Institute of Economic and Social Research.

"No country the size of the United Kingdom has ever left such an integrated economic union," he said. "In other words, there is no precedent to look back upon and draw some lessons - so we're in uncharted territory here. Many people say they would like to have more facts. The difficulty is we haven't been here before."

The International Monetary Fund said this month that a vote to leave the EU would lead to a "protracted period of heightened uncertainty" as Britain would be forced to negotiate bilateral trade deals with its former European partners and countries around the world. That would trigger volatility in financial markets and slow economic growth, the fund said.

The Bank of England says a so-called Brexit would also weaken the pound, increasing the cost of imported goods and spurring inflation.

That uncertainty is likely to hit smaller businesses harder than others mainly by making it more difficult for them to get loans - banks tend to shun riskier loans during times of stress.

Uncertainty is exactly what frightens many small business owners, who don't have the resources of global conglomerates to adjust to dramatic changes.

Birmingham spice trader Jason Wouhra is one of the worried.

His family-run business, East End Foods, started out with a corner store that sold fresh chicken and grew into one of the largest importers of ethnic food ingredients in the UK.

He is voting to stay, in large part because he fears that a vote to leave would trigger a decade or more of trade negotiations.

"I'm not comfortable with the uncertainty of moving out," Wouhra said.

If Britain leaves the EU, Wouhra fears he would need to re-write all the labels on his company's products and repackage the boxes for every country he trades with.

"It would be a huge expense, possibly going into millions of pounds," he said.

But Boyd - who has 130 employees - argues that for smaller companies the benefits of leaving the EU far outweigh the risks of leaving.

Rather than profiting from the EU membership, Reid Steel is actually losing contracts in France because local rules require the company to have a type of insurance you can only buy if you're French, he said.

Moreover, Boyd believes that British companies "will be freer" if the UK leaves the union because they won't have to jump through the EU's regulatory hoops, he said.

AP TELEVISION

Christchurch - 23 May 2016

1. Various of steel welding

2. Wide of worker prepping cutting of steel

3. Various of steel cutting process

4. Various of Managing Director of Reid Steel Simon Boyd looking at construction plan

5. SOUNDBITE (English) Simon Boyd, Managing Director, Reid Steel:

"I think we have to take this opportunity, it's a once in a lifetime opportunity, to take back control of hour own destiny. From a business perspective the European Union has been very bad for us. We are over-regulated and held back as a result of that regulation."

6. Cutaway of Reid Steel sign on machinery

7. SOUNDBITE (English) Simon Boyd, Managing Director, Reid Steel:

"We're the fifth biggest economy, we're the biggest trading partner, and I think outside the European Union, where the growing market is, where we export a lot of our product, we will be freer, we won't have all these regulatory hoops to jump through that nobody else on the world market has to jump through."

Birmingham - 18 May 2016

8. Various of rice being sifted through machine at East End Foods factory

9. Spice product on conveyer belt

10. Pan of worker with spices putting them into boxes

11. Various of spices and package assembling

12. Tracking shot of East End Foods cash and carry store

13. Various set ups of Jason Wouhra, East End Foods Chairman

14. SOUNDBITE (English) Jason Wouhra, East End Foods Chairman:

"The ease of trade within Europe is one of the key points from a business perspective. You're able to ship product all over the European Union without any problem. In terms of intellectual property, our trademarks are registered all over the world and the registrations within Europe were the easiest to put through because it's one application for the brand and cost-wise and efficientcy-wise that's excellent. So there are a lot of advantages in terms of the European perspective that help us as a business. And I'm not comfortable with the uncertainty of moving out to be honest."

15. Cutaway of shelves being stacked

16. SOUNDBITE (English) Jason Wouhra, East End Foods Chairman:

"No one actually knows how it will all transpire, but as an example, we do, East End Foods has 1,300 products in the portfolio. The labelling regulations are such that if they change, we would be in a position that we would have to re-label all of those products potentially, each label costing us a couple of thousand pounds (about 2,800 US dollars) to originate and then the costs of plastics, the cost of materials that we have to reinvest in, it would be a huge expense, possibly going into millions of pounds."

London - 16 May 2016

17. Various set ups of Dr Angus Armstrong, Director of Macroeconomics at the National Institute of Economic and Social Research

18. SOUNDBITE (English) Dr Angus Armstrong, Director of Macroeconomics, National Institute of Economic and Social Research:

"No country the size of the United Kingdom has ever left such an integrated economic union as the United Kingdom. In other words, there is no precedent to look back on and draw lessons – so we're in uncharted territory here. Many people say they would like to have more facts. The difficulty is we haven't been here before, and so necessarily there is a lot of uncertainty."

19. Cutaway

20. SOUNDBITE (English) Dr Angus Armstrong, Director of Macroeconomics, National Institute of Economic and Social Research:

"The single market involves a single set of rules. Now for some people, those rules can be perhaps intrusive, and expensive. Many people point to certain rules, which they say cost UK businesses money. On the other hand, it means the same set of rules makes it easier to compete with European counterparts, so it means small companies don't have to worry about recognising different qualifications or being able to access European markets. On the one hand, you have the cost of higher regulations, on the other hand, you have access to a single market with very few barriers."

Birmingham - 18 May 2016

21. Various of flags outside East End Foods factory including St George's (England) and EU flag

FOR CLEAN VERSION SEE STORY NUMBER: 4040960

LEAD IN

Britons are preparing to vote in a referendum on June 23rd on whether to remain in the European Union.

The last time there was such a vote was in 1975, when the UK was experiencing industrial action, political infighting, maxi skirts and the birth of David Beckham.

STORY-LINE :

In the early 1970s hemlines dropped as inflation grew and economic growth stagnated.

The happy carefree days of the swinging sixties seemed a world away, as angry punks took centre stage.

Jamie Oliver, Russell Brand and that symbol of turn of the century Britain, David Beckham, were all babes in arms in the year that Britain first voted on continued member ship of the EEC.

Brand was just one day old, having being born on June 4, a day before the poll.

In 1975 Microsoft was founded by 19 year old Bill gates and 22 year old Paul Allen, the company would help revolutionised our relationship with technology with its popualr line of personal computers.

Britain joined the European Economic Community, as the EU was then called, in 1973.

But it was a rocky union from the start and three years later Harold Wilson's Labour Party government held a referendum on membership in 5 June 1975.

Wilson had won the British general election on a platform that included a pledge to renegotiate the terms of British membership in the EEC, and the issue split his party.

Wilson led the successful referendum campaign that secured Britain's membership in the European Community under renegotiated terms of membership.

The new leader of the opposition Conservative party, Margaret Thatcher, also campaigned to remain in the European Union in 1975.

She later became prime minister between 1979 and 1990, and as prime minister she became known for her tough line with Brussels.

Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of the Institute of Historical Research at the University of London says the issue of Europe has long troubled British politicians.

"The parties has flipped and flopped over their views of Europe all the way through since the 1960s and in the early 1970s the Labour party was in a way as divided then as the Conservative party is today. "

In 1975 a majority of 67 percent said "yes" to the question: Do you think that the United Kingdom should remain part of the European Community ?

Though membership was secured, the divides within Labour didn't go away, with many leading Cabinet ministers viewing the EEC as incompatible with the aims of socialism.

That fissure, among others, would weaken Labour and pave the way for the election in 1979 of Margaret Thatcher's Conservatives.

Times were tough and globalisation threatend traditional British industry. The great powershouses of the industrial revolution were fading away. Industrial disputes were a common occurence.

"Many of the great industries which had been part of Britain's pioneering of the industrial revoultion were being hollowed out. We were pouring a lot of money into them because many of them were nationalised and the tax payer was paying hundreds of millions to keep things like shipbuilding and steel going, but unfortunately we were making the kind of goods that were too expensive and not that well designed and so our car industry for example began to fold" explains Goldman.

The industrial world gave way to a more serviced based economy. But the virtual marketplace was still a long way off says Dejan Sudjic, Director of London's Design Museum.

"The idea that you could have a computing power on your desk was extraordinary, furturistic and mad."

Life was still very traditional says Goldman, family lesiure in the 1970s meant a day at the beach.

"Still very traditional (lifestyle). Still very simple, obviously none of the technologies that we use to fill our time, people went for their holiday and their leisure locally to the seaside whereever that might be, whichever was closest to them. Foreign travel was still quite rare the package holiday was starting but it was really for the more wealthy people."

But a shadow hung in the air, as the threat of terrorism was spreading from neighbouring Ireland and the Middle East.

Irish republicans, who wanted a divided Ireland reunited and a British withdrawal from Northern Ireland, had begun targeting mainland Britian.

The pub bombings in Birmingham in 1974 killed 21 people.

" 1974 is the day or the year of the famous Birmingham pub bombings, that was the moment when we realised that terror wouldn't stay in Ulster (Northern Ireland) and Londonderry, it was going to come to London, Birmingham and other places on the mainland as well. Terrorism in the Middle East was also new it was brought home to us in the Munich Olympics in 1972, when terror of course leading to the deaths of athletes reminded us of how vunerable major events are. But all this was relatively new at the time and shocking because of that since then of course we have had to cope with it as almost kind of a normal part of life, the threat that is ever present."

During the 1972 Munich Games, eight Palestinian gunmen, members of the Black September militant group entered the Olympic Village and took Israeli team members hostage.

A day later, all 11 were dead.

The drama started before dawn on Sept. 5, 1972, when eight members of a Palestinian terrorist group called Black September clambered over the unguarded fence of the Olympic village.

Wearing track suits and carrying weapons concealed in athletics bags, they burst into the building where the Israeli team was staying, shooting dead wrestling coach Moshe Weinberg and weightlifter Yossi Romano.

Some Israeli athletes slipped through a back door but nine were seized and tied to furniture. The terrorists demanded the release of more than 200 Palestinians held by Israel.

After a day of tense negotiations, the terrorists and their hostages were allowed to leave aboard two helicopters for the Fuerstenfeldbruck military airfield 16 miles away. The terrorists were promised a plane and safe passage to Cairo, Egypt.

Sharpshooters at the airfield opened fire as the terrorists and the hostages prepared to board a Lufthansa jet.

The guerrillas tossed grenades at the hostages, and one of the helicopters was blown up by a terrorist grenade. When the fighting died down, all nine Israeli captives were dead, along with five of their captors and one German policeman.

In the seventies the Soviet American space race was still underway...but by 1975 it had become more co-operative.

Goldman says "If you grew up in the 1960s and early 1970s space was a very exciting element of the kind of public discourse of television and the media of the age because both the Americans and the Soviets were involved in competition to put a man on the moon and develop space through satellites and so forth"

In July 1975, an American Apollo spaceship docked with a Soviet Soyuz spacecraft in orbit in the first superpower link-up of its kind.

The three-man American Apollo crew docked with a two-member Soviet team in Soyuz and the five conducted the first international manned experiments in space.

Today international teams of astronauts and cosmonauts collaborate onboard the International Space Station high above the earth.

One of the major themes of the current referendum debate is immigration.

The 1960s and 1970s saw large numbers of people moving to Britain from former colonies.

"Immigration was already an issue in Britain. It had been since the mid and late 1960s, so it is not as if some of the questions we are debating today are wholly new..far from it." adds Goldman.

West Indians, people from the English-speaking Caribbean, came mainly in the late 1950s and early 1960s, mostly for jobs in public transport. Asian immigration peaked in the 1970s.

Immigrants included Asians from East Africa, fleeing from or expelled by countries that had gained independence from Britain. The largest single group was 27,000 Asians, who were among 70,000 Asians expelled and their property seized by dictator Idi Amin in Uganda in 1972.

The non-white population, excluding those born in Britain, was 418,000 in the 1961 government census and 930,000 in the 1971 count.

Today 8 million people or 14% of the UK population belong to an ethnic minority according to 'A Portrait of Modern Britain' published in 2014 by Policy Exchange, a UK based think tank. The report added that most ethnic people live in urban areas.

In the early 1970s Britain's class system exerted more control over people's lives than now and Europe was another place - an expensive flight or ferry journey away.

Sudjic says times have changed and today the British are less frightened of foreign food and habits.

"The things that we eat, the things we have in our home have been transformed utterly. Britain was suspicious of something called garlic in those days, we drank more beer than we drink wine. Britain was still finding that France was full of exotic stuff like snails and onions. We have embraced all that."

Today Paris is a short (ish) train journey away, Londoners can nip off to the French capital for lunch at a boulveard cafe on the Champs Elysee.

Will Britons continued that awkward embrace or unfriend their neighbours across the sea ?

The EU referendum takes place on June 23, 2016.

FOR CLEAN VERSION SEE STORY NUMBER: 4040960

LEAD IN

Britons are preparing to vote in a referendum on June 23rd on whether to remain in the European Union.

The last time there was such a vote was in 1975, when the UK was experiencing industrial action, political infighting, maxi skirts and the birth of David Beckham.

STORY-LINE :

In the early 1970s hemlines dropped as inflation grew and economic growth stagnated.

The happy carefree days of the swinging sixties seemed a world away, as angry punks took centre stage.

Jamie Oliver, Russell Brand and that symbol of turn of the century Britain, David Beckham, were all babes in arms in the year that Britain first voted on continued member ship of the EEC.

Brand was just one day old, having being born on June 4, a day before the poll.

In 1975 Microsoft was founded by 19 year old Bill gates and 22 year old Paul Allen, the company would help revolutionised our relationship with technology with its popualr line of personal computers.

Britain joined the European Economic Community, as the EU was then called, in 1973.

But it was a rocky union from the start and three years later Harold Wilson's Labour Party government held a referendum on membership in 5 June 1975.

Wilson had won the British general election on a platform that included a pledge to renegotiate the terms of British membership in the EEC, and the issue split his party.

Wilson led the successful referendum campaign that secured Britain's membership in the European Community under renegotiated terms of membership.

The new leader of the opposition Conservative party, Margaret Thatcher, also campaigned to remain in the European Union in 1975.

She later became prime minister between 1979 and 1990, and as prime minister she became known for her tough line with Brussels.

Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of the Institute of Historical Research at the University of London says the issue of Europe has long troubled British politicians.

"The parties has flipped and flopped over their views of Europe all the way through since the 1960s and in the early 1970s the Labour party was in a way as divided then as the Conservative party is today. "

In 1975 a majority of 67 percent said "yes" to the question: Do you think that the United Kingdom should remain part of the European Community ?

Though membership was secured, the divides within Labour didn't go away, with many leading Cabinet ministers viewing the EEC as incompatible with the aims of socialism.

That fissure, among others, would weaken Labour and pave the way for the election in 1979 of Margaret Thatcher's Conservatives.

Times were tough and globalisation threatend traditional British industry. The great powershouses of the industrial revolution were fading away. Industrial disputes were a common occurence.

"Many of the great industries which had been part of Britain's pioneering of the industrial revoultion were being hollowed out. We were pouring a lot of money into them because many of them were nationalised and the tax payer was paying hundreds of millions to keep things like shipbuilding and steel going, but unfortunately we were making the kind of goods that were too expensive and not that well designed and so our car industry for example began to fold" explains Goldman.

The industrial world gave way to a more serviced based economy. But the virtual marketplace was still a long way off says Dejan Sudjic, Director of London's Design Museum.

"The idea that you could have a computing power on your desk was extraordinary, furturistic and mad."

Life was still very traditional says Goldman, family lesiure in the 1970s meant a day at the beach.

"Still very traditional (lifestyle). Still very simple, obviously none of the technologies that we use to fill our time, people went for their holiday and their leisure locally to the seaside whereever that might be, whichever was closest to them. Foreign travel was still quite rare the package holiday was starting but it was really for the more wealthy people."

But a shadow hung in the air, as the threat of terrorism was spreading from neighbouring Ireland and the Middle East.

Irish republicans, who wanted a divided Ireland reunited and a British withdrawal from Northern Ireland, had begun targeting mainland Britian.

The pub bombings in Birmingham in 1974 killed 21 people.

" 1974 is the day or the year of the famous Birmingham pub bombings, that was the moment when we realised that terror wouldn't stay in Ulster (Northern Ireland) and Londonderry, it was going to come to London, Birmingham and other places on the mainland as well. Terrorism in the Middle East was also new it was brought home to us in the Munich Olympics in 1972, when terror of course leading to the deaths of athletes reminded us of how vunerable major events are. But all this was relatively new at the time and shocking because of that since then of course we have had to cope with it as almost kind of a normal part of life, the threat that is ever present."

During the 1972 Munich Games, eight Palestinian gunmen, members of the Black September militant group entered the Olympic Village and took Israeli team members hostage.

A day later, all 11 were dead.

The drama started before dawn on Sept. 5, 1972, when eight members of a Palestinian terrorist group called Black September clambered over the unguarded fence of the Olympic village.

Wearing track suits and carrying weapons concealed in athletics bags, they burst into the building where the Israeli team was staying, shooting dead wrestling coach Moshe Weinberg and weightlifter Yossi Romano.

Some Israeli athletes slipped through a back door but nine were seized and tied to furniture. The terrorists demanded the release of more than 200 Palestinians held by Israel.

After a day of tense negotiations, the terrorists and their hostages were allowed to leave aboard two helicopters for the Fuerstenfeldbruck military airfield 16 miles away. The terrorists were promised a plane and safe passage to Cairo, Egypt.

Sharpshooters at the airfield opened fire as the terrorists and the hostages prepared to board a Lufthansa jet.

The guerrillas tossed grenades at the hostages, and one of the helicopters was blown up by a terrorist grenade. When the fighting died down, all nine Israeli captives were dead, along with five of their captors and one German policeman.

In the seventies the Soviet American space race was still underway...but by 1975 it had become more co-operative.

Goldman says "If you grew up in the 1960s and early 1970s space was a very exciting element of the kind of public discourse of television and the media of the age because both the Americans and the Soviets were involved in competition to put a man on the moon and develop space through satellites and so forth"

In July 1975, an American Apollo spaceship docked with a Soviet Soyuz spacecraft in orbit in the first superpower link-up of its kind.

The three-man American Apollo crew docked with a two-member Soviet team in Soyuz and the five conducted the first international manned experiments in space.

Today international teams of astronauts and cosmonauts collaborate onboard the International Space Station high above the earth.

One of the major themes of the current referendum debate is immigration.

The 1960s and 1970s saw large numbers of people moving to Britain from former colonies.

"Immigration was already an issue in Britain. It had been since the mid and late 1960s, so it is not as if some of the questions we are debating today are wholly new..far from it." adds Goldman.

West Indians, people from the English-speaking Caribbean, came mainly in the late 1950s and early 1960s, mostly for jobs in public transport. Asian immigration peaked in the 1970s.

Immigrants included Asians from East Africa, fleeing from or expelled by countries that had gained independence from Britain. The largest single group was 27,000 Asians, who were among 70,000 Asians expelled and their property seized by dictator Idi Amin in Uganda in 1972.

The non-white population, excluding those born in Britain, was 418,000 in the 1961 government census and 930,000 in the 1971 count.

Today 8 million people or 14% of the UK population belong to an ethnic minority according to 'A Portrait of Modern Britain' published in 2014 by Policy Exchange, a UK based think tank. The report added that most ethnic people live in urban areas.

In the early 1970s Britain's class system exerted more control over people's lives than now and Europe was another place - an expensive flight or ferry journey away.

Sudjic says times have changed and today the British are less frightened of foreign food and habits.

"The things that we eat, the things we have in our home have been transformed utterly. Britain was suspicious of something called garlic in those days, we drank more beer than we drink wine. Britain was still finding that France was full of exotic stuff like snails and onions. We have embraced all that."

Today Paris is a short (ish) train journey away, Londoners can nip off to the French capital for lunch at a boulveard cafe on the Champs Elysee.

Will Britons continued that awkward embrace or unfriend their neighbours across the sea ?

The EU referendum takes place on June 23, 2016.

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, April 3, 1973 (MUTE)

++4:3++

1. Mid of model wearing brown suit by Mary Quant

2. Mid of model wearing turquoise wool skirt by Donegal Designs

3. Mid of model wearing printed chiffon evening dress by Ossie Clark

AP TELEVISION

United States (no exact date and location available)

January 9, 1978

++4:3++

4. Punk group (Sex Pistols) playing and singing.

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, February 18, 2004

++4:3++

5. Jennifer Aniston, poses with Jamie Oliver and his wife Jools at a film premiere

AP TELEVISION

New York, 9 September 2014

6. Various shots David Beckham at clothes event

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, 26 March 2015

7. Arrival of Russell Brand at an event

AP TELEVISION

Rome, Italy, 3 September 1995

++4:3++

8. Bill Gates enters conference room

AP IMAGES

9. In this 1984 file photo, Bill Gates, founder and chairman of Microsoft Corp., is shown.

AP TELEVISION

Rome, Italy, 3 September 1995

++4:3++

10. Close-up Gates

AP TELEVISION

no exact dates or locations available, UK 1974

++4:3++

11. Various of shoppers and supermarkets

12. Cars on London street

13. Harold Wilson and wife pose for press at country home.

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 3, 1975 (MUTE)

++4:3++

14. Mid of Margaret Thatcher wearing a flags-of-Europe sweater, flanked by women also wearing pro-Europe sweaters

15. Mid of Thatcher trying to light a candle / torch

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 9, 2016

++16:9++

16. Set up Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of Institute of Historical Research, University of London

17. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of Institute of Historical Research, University of London

"The parties has flipped and flopped over their views of Europe all the way through since the 1960s and in the early 1970s the Labour party was in its way as divided then as the conservative party is today. "

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, April 26, 1975

++4:3++

18. Wide of Labour Party Conference

19. Harold Wilson addressing conference

UPSOUND : (English) Harold Wilson, Labour Party Leader and Prime Minister in 1975

" On this very fundamental test I know I will not convince those who take a different view, nor will they convince me in the light of my practical experience. But I believe it will be on this question above all others that a decision is finally taken by the people as a whole." Cutaway Michael Foot MP.

AP TELEVISION

United Kingdom, Feburary 10, 1974 - no exact location available (MUTE)

++4:3++

20. Various of non functioning coal mine during national coal strike

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 9, 2016

++16:9++

21. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of Institute of Historical Research, University of London

"Many of the great industries which had been part of Britain's pioneering of the industrial revoultion were being hollowed out. We were pouring a lot of money into them because many of them were nationalised, and the tax payer was paying hundreds of millions to keep things like shipbuilding and steel going, but unfortunately we were making the kind of goods that were too expensive and not that well designed and so our car industry for example began to fold."

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, September 24, 1973 (MUTE)

++4:3++

22. Ford workers walking out of various plants

23. Wide of Ford cars on train

24. Wide entrance to a Ford plant, minimal activity

25. Mid sign Gate 1 Engine Plant

26. Tracking shot along halted production line of Ford engines

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 9, 2016

++16:9++

27. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dejan Sudjic, Director of Design Museum

" Computers were still the size of a room. The idea that you could have a computing power on your desk would have seemed extraordinary, furturistic and mad."

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 3, 1975 (MUTE)

++4:3++

28. Various of people in an office

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 9, 2016

++16:9++

29. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of Institute of Historical Research, University of London

"Still very traditional (lifestyle). Still very simple, obviously none of the technologies that we use to fill our time, people went for their holiday and their leisure locally to the seaside whereever that might be, whichever was closest to them. Foreign travel was still quite rare the package holiday was starting but it was really for the more wealthy people."

AP TELEVISION

Bournemouth, United Kingdom (undated 1973) (MUTE)

++4:3++

30. Various of people at the seaside

AP PHOTOS - NO ACCESS CANADA/BROADCAST USE ONLY/STRICTLY NO ACCESS ONLINE OR MOBILE

Birmingham, United Kingdom, 22 November 1974

31. STILL showing a general view of wreckage inside The Mulberry Bush public house, one of two pubs bombed in Birmingham in 1974

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, December 27, 1973 (MUTE)

++4:3++

32. Various of aftermath of IRA bombing of Stevedore pub

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 9, 2016

++16:9++

33. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of Institute of Historical Research, University of London

" 1974 is the day or the year of the famous Birmingham pub bombings, that was the moment when we realised that terror wouldn't stay in Ulster (Northern Ireland) and Londonderry, it was going to come to London, Birmingham and other places on the mainland as well. Terrorism in the Middle East was also new it was brought home to us in the Munich Olympics in 1972, when terror of course leading to the deaths of athletes reminded us of how vunerable major events were. But all this was relatively new at the time and shocking because of that since then of course we have had to cope with it as almost kind of a normal part of life, the threat that is ever present."

AP IMAGES

34. In this Sept. 5, 1972, file photo, a member of the Arab Commando group which seized members of the Israeli Olympic Team at their quarters at the Munich Olympic Village appears with a hood over his face on the balcony of the village building where the commandos held several members of the Israeli team hostage.

35. West German policemen wearing sweatsuits, bullet-proof vests and armed with submachine guns, take up positions on September 5, 1972 on Olympic Village rooftops where armed Palestine commandos were holding Israeli team members hostage

36. Ankie Spitzer, widow of the Israeli fencing coach, Andre Spitzer, who was slain by Arab terrorists Sept. 5, surveys the room where the incident occurred at Munich's Olympic Village in West Germany on Sept. 8, 1972. The chalk circles on the wall were made by West German police to trace the impact of the bullets.

NASA

Date and location unknown (1975)

++4:3++

37. Rocket launch

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 9, 2016

++16:9++

38. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of Institute of Historical Research, University of London

"If you grew up in the 1960s and early 1970s space was a very exciting element of the kind of public discourse of the television and the media of the age because both the Americans and the Soviets were involved in competition to put a man on the moon and to develop space through satellites and so forth"

NASA

Date and location unknown (1975)

++4:3++

39. Soyuz and Apollo join together, astronauts and cosmonauts meet

AP TELEVISION (MUTE)

no exact dates or locations available, UK 1974

++4:3++

40. Wide of building site

41. Man working on building site

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 9, 2016

++16:9++

42. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of Institute of Historical Research, University of London

"Immigration was already an issue in Britain. It had been since the mid and late 1960s, so it is not as if some of the questions we are debating today are wholly new..far from it."

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, September 24, 1973 (MUTE)

++4:3++

43. Various men take part in industrial action at Ford plant, ethnic minorities amongst them

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, April 30, 1973 (MUTE)

++4:3++

44. Various of rail station during national strike

45. Various of street scenes, buses

AP TELEVISION

Ascot, United Kingdom, June 17, 1974 (MUTE)

++4:3++

46. The Queen in a carriage

47. Wide of racegoers in top hats

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 9, 2016

++16:9++

48. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dejan Sudjic, Director of Design Museum

"The things that we eat, the things we have in our home have been transformed utterly. Britain was suspicious of something called garlic in those days, we drank more beer than we drink wine. People were still finding that France was exotic, full of dangerous stuff like snails and onions. We have embraced all that."

AP TELEVISION

Cannes, France - May 11 1973 (MUTE)

++4:3++

49. Various of Cannes

50. Mid tilt up of woman sunbathing

AP TELEVISION

Paris, France - October 20, 1970 (MUTE)

++4:3++

51. Wide of Eiffel Tower

AP TELEVISION

Paris, France - July 26, 1975 (MUTE)

++4:3++

52. Various of models showing off clothes by designer Ted Lapidus on Parisian street at boulevard cafe

LEAD IN

Britons are preparing to vote in a referendum on June 23rd on whether to remain in the European Union.

The last time there was such a vote was in 1975, when the UK was experiencing industrial action, political infighting, maxi skirts and the birth of David Beckham.

STORY-LINE :

In the early 1970s hemlines dropped as inflation grew and economic growth stagnated.

The happy carefree days of the swinging sixties seemed a world away, as angry punks took centre stage.

Jamie Oliver, Russell Brand and that symbol of turn of the century Britain, David Beckham, were all babes in arms in the year that Britain first voted on continued member ship of the EEC.

Brand was just one day old, having being born on June 4, a day before the poll.

In 1975 Microsoft was founded by 19 year old Bill gates and 22 year old Paul Allen, the company would help revolutionised our relationship with technology with its popualr line of personal computers.

Britain joined the European Economic Community, as the EU was then called, in 1973.

But it was a rocky union from the start and three years later Harold Wilson's Labour Party government held a referendum on membership in 5 June 1975.

Wilson had won the British general election on a platform that included a pledge to renegotiate the terms of British membership in the EEC, and the issue split his party.

Wilson led the successful referendum campaign that secured Britain's membership in the European Community under renegotiated terms of membership.

The new leader of the opposition Conservative party, Margaret Thatcher, also campaigned to remain in the European Union in 1975.

She later became prime minister between 1979 and 1990, and as prime minister she became known for her tough line with Brussels.

Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of the Institute of Historical Research at the University of London says the issue of Europe has long troubled British politicians.

"The parties has flipped and flopped over their views of Europe all the way through since the 1960s and in the early 1970s the Labour party was in a way as divided then as the Conservative party is today. "

In 1975 a majority of 67 percent said "yes" to the question: Do you think that the United Kingdom should remain part of the European Community ?

Though membership was secured, the divides within Labour didn't go away, with many leading Cabinet ministers viewing the EEC as incompatible with the aims of socialism.

That fissure, among others, would weaken Labour and pave the way for the election in 1979 of Margaret Thatcher's Conservatives.

Times were tough and globalisation threatend traditional British industry. The great powershouses of the industrial revolution were fading away. Industrial disputes were a common occurence.

"Many of the great industries which had been part of Britain's pioneering of the industrial revoultion were being hollowed out. We were pouring a lot of money into them because many of them were nationalised and the tax payer was paying hundreds of millions to keep things like shipbuilding and steel going, but unfortunately we were making the kind of goods that were too expensive and not that well designed and so our car industry for example began to fold" explains Goldman.

The industrial world gave way to a more serviced based economy. But the virtual marketplace was still a long way off says Dejan Sudjic, Director of London's Design Museum.

"The idea that you could have a computing power on your desk was extraordinary, furturistic and mad."

Life was still very traditional says Goldman, family lesiure in the 1970s meant a day at the beach.

"Still very traditional (lifestyle). Still very simple, obviously none of the technologies that we use to fill our time, people went for their holiday and their leisure locally to the seaside whereever that might be, whichever was closest to them. Foreign travel was still quite rare the package holiday was starting but it was really for the more wealthy people."

But a shadow hung in the air, as the threat of terrorism was spreading from neighbouring Ireland and the Middle East.

Irish republicans, who wanted a divided Ireland reunited and a British withdrawal from Northern Ireland, had begun targeting mainland Britian.

The pub bombings in Birmingham in 1974 killed 21 people.

" 1974 is the day or the year of the famous Birmingham pub bombings, that was the moment when we realised that terror wouldn't stay in Ulster (Northern Ireland) and Londonderry, it was going to come to London, Birmingham and other places on the mainland as well. Terrorism in the Middle East was also new it was brought home to us in the Munich Olympics in 1972, when terror of course leading to the deaths of athletes reminded us of how vunerable major events are. But all this was relatively new at the time and shocking because of that since then of course we have had to cope with it as almost kind of a normal part of life, the threat that is ever present."

During the 1972 Munich Games, eight Palestinian gunmen, members of the Black September militant group entered the Olympic Village and took Israeli team members hostage.

A day later, all 11 were dead.

The drama started before dawn on Sept. 5, 1972, when eight members of a Palestinian terrorist group called Black September clambered over the unguarded fence of the Olympic village.

Wearing track suits and carrying weapons concealed in athletics bags, they burst into the building where the Israeli team was staying, shooting dead wrestling coach Moshe Weinberg and weightlifter Yossi Romano.

Some Israeli athletes slipped through a back door but nine were seized and tied to furniture. The terrorists demanded the release of more than 200 Palestinians held by Israel.

After a day of tense negotiations, the terrorists and their hostages were allowed to leave aboard two helicopters for the Fuerstenfeldbruck military airfield 16 miles away. The terrorists were promised a plane and safe passage to Cairo, Egypt.

Sharpshooters at the airfield opened fire as the terrorists and the hostages prepared to board a Lufthansa jet.

The guerrillas tossed grenades at the hostages, and one of the helicopters was blown up by a terrorist grenade. When the fighting died down, all nine Israeli captives were dead, along with five of their captors and one German policeman.

In the seventies the Soviet American space race was still underway...but by 1975 it had become more co-operative.

Goldman says "If you grew up in the 1960s and early 1970s space was a very exciting element of the kind of public discourse of television and the media of the age because both the Americans and the Soviets were involved in competition to put a man on the moon and develop space through satellites and so forth"

In July 1975, an American Apollo spaceship docked with a Soviet Soyuz spacecraft in orbit in the first superpower link-up of its kind.

The three-man American Apollo crew docked with a two-member Soviet team in Soyuz and the five conducted the first international manned experiments in space.

Today international teams of astronauts and cosmonauts collaborate onboard the International Space Station high above the earth.

One of the major themes of the current referendum debate is immigration.

The 1960s and 1970s saw large numbers of people moving to Britain from former colonies.

"Immigration was already an issue in Britain. It had been since the mid and late 1960s, so it is not as if some of the questions we are debating today are wholly new..far from it." adds Goldman.

West Indians, people from the English-speaking Caribbean, came mainly in the late 1950s and early 1960s, mostly for jobs in public transport. Asian immigration peaked in the 1970s.

Immigrants included Asians from East Africa, fleeing from or expelled by countries that had gained independence from Britain. The largest single group was 27,000 Asians, who were among 70,000 Asians expelled and their property seized by dictator Idi Amin in Uganda in 1972.

The non-white population, excluding those born in Britain, was 418,000 in the 1961 government census and 930,000 in the 1971 count.

Today 8 million people or 14% of the UK population belong to an ethnic minority according to 'A Portrait of Modern Britain' published in 2014 by Policy Exchange, a UK based think tank. The report added that most ethnic people live in urban areas.

In the early 1970s Britain's class system exerted more control over people's lives than now and Europe was another place - an expensive flight or ferry journey away.

Sudjic says times have changed and today the British are less frightened of foreign food and habits.

"The things that we eat, the things we have in our home have been transformed utterly. Britain was suspicious of something called garlic in those days, we drank more beer than we drink wine. Britain was still finding that France was full of exotic stuff like snails and onions. We have embraced all that."

Today Paris is a short (ish) train journey away, Londoners can nip off to the French capital for lunch at a boulveard cafe on the Champs Elysee.

Will Britons continued that awkward embrace or unfriend their neighbours across the sea ?

The EU referendum takes place on June 23, 2016.

LEAD IN

Britons are preparing to vote in a referendum on June 23rd on whether to remain in the European Union.

The last time there was such a vote was in 1975, when the UK was experiencing industrial action, political infighting, maxi skirts and the birth of David Beckham.

STORY-LINE :

In the early 1970s hemlines dropped as inflation grew and economic growth stagnated.

The happy carefree days of the swinging sixties seemed a world away, as angry punks took centre stage.

Jamie Oliver, Russell Brand and that symbol of turn of the century Britain, David Beckham, were all babes in arms in the year that Britain first voted on continued member ship of the EEC.

Brand was just one day old, having being born on June 4, a day before the poll.

In 1975 Microsoft was founded by 19 year old Bill gates and 22 year old Paul Allen, the company would help revolutionised our relationship with technology with its popualr line of personal computers.

Britain joined the European Economic Community, as the EU was then called, in 1973.

But it was a rocky union from the start and three years later Harold Wilson's Labour Party government held a referendum on membership in 5 June 1975.

Wilson had won the British general election on a platform that included a pledge to renegotiate the terms of British membership in the EEC, and the issue split his party.

Wilson led the successful referendum campaign that secured Britain's membership in the European Community under renegotiated terms of membership.

The new leader of the opposition Conservative party, Margaret Thatcher, also campaigned to remain in the European Union in 1975.

She later became prime minister between 1979 and 1990, and as prime minister she became known for her tough line with Brussels.

Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of the Institute of Historical Research at the University of London says the issue of Europe has long troubled British politicians.

"The parties has flipped and flopped over their views of Europe all the way through since the 1960s and in the early 1970s the Labour party was in a way as divided then as the Conservative party is today. "

In 1975 a majority of 67 percent said "yes" to the question: Do you think that the United Kingdom should remain part of the European Community ?

Though membership was secured, the divides within Labour didn't go away, with many leading Cabinet ministers viewing the EEC as incompatible with the aims of socialism.

That fissure, among others, would weaken Labour and pave the way for the election in 1979 of Margaret Thatcher's Conservatives.

Times were tough and globalisation threatend traditional British industry. The great powershouses of the industrial revolution were fading away. Industrial disputes were a common occurence.

"Many of the great industries which had been part of Britain's pioneering of the industrial revoultion were being hollowed out. We were pouring a lot of money into them because many of them were nationalised and the tax payer was paying hundreds of millions to keep things like shipbuilding and steel going, but unfortunately we were making the kind of goods that were too expensive and not that well designed and so our car industry for example began to fold" explains Goldman.

The industrial world gave way to a more serviced based economy. But the virtual marketplace was still a long way off says Dejan Sudjic, Director of London's Design Museum.

"The idea that you could have a computing power on your desk was extraordinary, furturistic and mad."

Life was still very traditional says Goldman, family lesiure in the 1970s meant a day at the beach.

"Still very traditional (lifestyle). Still very simple, obviously none of the technologies that we use to fill our time, people went for their holiday and their leisure locally to the seaside whereever that might be, whichever was closest to them. Foreign travel was still quite rare the package holiday was starting but it was really for the more wealthy people."

But a shadow hung in the air, as the threat of terrorism was spreading from neighbouring Ireland and the Middle East.

Irish republicans, who wanted a divided Ireland reunited and a British withdrawal from Northern Ireland, had begun targeting mainland Britian.

The pub bombings in Birmingham in 1974 killed 21 people.

" 1974 is the day or the year of the famous Birmingham pub bombings, that was the moment when we realised that terror wouldn't stay in Ulster (Northern Ireland) and Londonderry, it was going to come to London, Birmingham and other places on the mainland as well. Terrorism in the Middle East was also new it was brought home to us in the Munich Olympics in 1972, when terror of course leading to the deaths of athletes reminded us of how vunerable major events are. But all this was relatively new at the time and shocking because of that since then of course we have had to cope with it as almost kind of a normal part of life, the threat that is ever present."

During the 1972 Munich Games, eight Palestinian gunmen, members of the Black September militant group entered the Olympic Village and took Israeli team members hostage.

A day later, all 11 were dead.

The drama started before dawn on Sept. 5, 1972, when eight members of a Palestinian terrorist group called Black September clambered over the unguarded fence of the Olympic village.

Wearing track suits and carrying weapons concealed in athletics bags, they burst into the building where the Israeli team was staying, shooting dead wrestling coach Moshe Weinberg and weightlifter Yossi Romano.

Some Israeli athletes slipped through a back door but nine were seized and tied to furniture. The terrorists demanded the release of more than 200 Palestinians held by Israel.

After a day of tense negotiations, the terrorists and their hostages were allowed to leave aboard two helicopters for the Fuerstenfeldbruck military airfield 16 miles away. The terrorists were promised a plane and safe passage to Cairo, Egypt.

Sharpshooters at the airfield opened fire as the terrorists and the hostages prepared to board a Lufthansa jet.

The guerrillas tossed grenades at the hostages, and one of the helicopters was blown up by a terrorist grenade. When the fighting died down, all nine Israeli captives were dead, along with five of their captors and one German policeman.

In the seventies the Soviet American space race was still underway...but by 1975 it had become more co-operative.

Goldman says "If you grew up in the 1960s and early 1970s space was a very exciting element of the kind of public discourse of television and the media of the age because both the Americans and the Soviets were involved in competition to put a man on the moon and develop space through satellites and so forth"

In July 1975, an American Apollo spaceship docked with a Soviet Soyuz spacecraft in orbit in the first superpower link-up of its kind.

The three-man American Apollo crew docked with a two-member Soviet team in Soyuz and the five conducted the first international manned experiments in space.

Today international teams of astronauts and cosmonauts collaborate onboard the International Space Station high above the earth.

One of the major themes of the current referendum debate is immigration.

The 1960s and 1970s saw large numbers of people moving to Britain from former colonies.

"Immigration was already an issue in Britain. It had been since the mid and late 1960s, so it is not as if some of the questions we are debating today are wholly new..far from it." adds Goldman.

West Indians, people from the English-speaking Caribbean, came mainly in the late 1950s and early 1960s, mostly for jobs in public transport. Asian immigration peaked in the 1970s.

Immigrants included Asians from East Africa, fleeing from or expelled by countries that had gained independence from Britain. The largest single group was 27,000 Asians, who were among 70,000 Asians expelled and their property seized by dictator Idi Amin in Uganda in 1972.

The non-white population, excluding those born in Britain, was 418,000 in the 1961 government census and 930,000 in the 1971 count.

Today 8 million people or 14% of the UK population belong to an ethnic minority according to 'A Portrait of Modern Britain' published in 2014 by Policy Exchange, a UK based think tank. The report added that most ethnic people live in urban areas.

In the early 1970s Britain's class system exerted more control over people's lives than now and Europe was another place - an expensive flight or ferry journey away.

Sudjic says times have changed and today the British are less frightened of foreign food and habits.

"The things that we eat, the things we have in our home have been transformed utterly. Britain was suspicious of something called garlic in those days, we drank more beer than we drink wine. Britain was still finding that France was full of exotic stuff like snails and onions. We have embraced all that."

Today Paris is a short (ish) train journey away, Londoners can nip off to the French capital for lunch at a boulveard cafe on the Champs Elysee.

Will Britons continued that awkward embrace or unfriend their neighbours across the sea ?

The EU referendum takes place on June 23, 2016.

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, April 3, 1973 (MUTE)

++4:3++

1. Mid of model wearing brown suit by Mary Quant

2. Mid of model wearing turquoise wool skirt by Donegal Designs

3. Mid of model wearing printed chiffon evening dress by Ossie Clark

AP TELEVISION

United States (no exact date and location available)

January 9, 1978

++4:3++

4. Punk group (Sex Pistols) playing and singing.

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, February 18, 2004

++4:3++

5. Jennifer Aniston, poses with Jamie Oliver and his wife Jools at a film premiere

AP TELEVISION

New York, 9 September 2014

6. Various shots David Beckham at clothes event

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, 26 March 2015

7. Arrival of Russell Brand at an event

AP TELEVISION

Rome, Italy, 3 September 1995

++4:3++

8. Bill Gates enters conference room

AP IMAGES

9. In this 1984 file photo, Bill Gates, founder and chairman of Microsoft Corp., is shown.

AP TELEVISION

Rome, Italy, 3 September 1995

++4:3++

10. Close-up Gates

AP TELEVISION

no exact dates or locations available, UK 1974

++4:3++

11. Various of shoppers and supermarkets

12. Cars on London street

13. Harold Wilson and wife pose for press at country home.

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 3, 1975 (MUTE)

++4:3++

14. Mid of Margaret Thatcher wearing a flags-of-Europe sweater, flanked by women also wearing pro-Europe sweaters

15. Mid of Thatcher trying to light a candle / torch

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 9, 2016

++16:9++

16. Set up Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of Institute of Historical Research, University of London

17. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of Institute of Historical Research, University of London

"The parties has flipped and flopped over their views of Europe all the way through since the 1960s and in the early 1970s the Labour party was in its way as divided then as the conservative party is today. "

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, April 26, 1975

++4:3++

18. Wide of Labour Party Conference

19. Harold Wilson addressing conference

UPSOUND : (English) Harold Wilson, Labour Party Leader and Prime Minister in 1975

" On this very fundamental test I know I will not convince those who take a different view, nor will they convince me in the light of my practical experience. But I believe it will be on this question above all others that a decision is finally taken by the people as a whole." Cutaway Michael Foot MP.

AP TELEVISION

United Kingdom, Feburary 10, 1974 - no exact location available (MUTE)

++4:3++

20. Various of non functioning coal mine during national coal strike

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 9, 2016

++16:9++

21. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of Institute of Historical Research, University of London

"Many of the great industries which had been part of Britain's pioneering of the industrial revoultion were being hollowed out. We were pouring a lot of money into them because many of them were nationalised, and the tax payer was paying hundreds of millions to keep things like shipbuilding and steel going, but unfortunately we were making the kind of goods that were too expensive and not that well designed and so our car industry for example began to fold."

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, September 24, 1973 (MUTE)

++4:3++

22. Ford workers walking out of various plants

23. Wide of Ford cars on train

24. Wide entrance to a Ford plant, minimal activity

25. Mid sign Gate 1 Engine Plant

26. Tracking shot along halted production line of Ford engines

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 9, 2016

++16:9++

27. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dejan Sudjic, Director of Design Museum

" Computers were still the size of a room. The idea that you could have a computing power on your desk would have seemed extraordinary, furturistic and mad."

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 3, 1975 (MUTE)

++4:3++

28. Various of people in an office

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 9, 2016

++16:9++

29. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of Institute of Historical Research, University of London

"Still very traditional (lifestyle). Still very simple, obviously none of the technologies that we use to fill our time, people went for their holiday and their leisure locally to the seaside whereever that might be, whichever was closest to them. Foreign travel was still quite rare the package holiday was starting but it was really for the more wealthy people."

AP TELEVISION

Bournemouth, United Kingdom (undated 1973) (MUTE)

++4:3++

30. Various of people at the seaside

AP PHOTOS - NO ACCESS CANADA/BROADCAST USE ONLY/STRICTLY NO ACCESS ONLINE OR MOBILE

Birmingham, United Kingdom, 22 November 1974

31. STILL showing a general view of wreckage inside The Mulberry Bush public house, one of two pubs bombed in Birmingham in 1974

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, December 27, 1973 (MUTE)

++4:3++

32. Various of aftermath of IRA bombing of Stevedore pub

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 9, 2016

++16:9++

33. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of Institute of Historical Research, University of London

" 1974 is the day or the year of the famous Birmingham pub bombings, that was the moment when we realised that terror wouldn't stay in Ulster (Northern Ireland) and Londonderry, it was going to come to London, Birmingham and other places on the mainland as well. Terrorism in the Middle East was also new it was brought home to us in the Munich Olympics in 1972, when terror of course leading to the deaths of athletes reminded us of how vunerable major events were. But all this was relatively new at the time and shocking because of that since then of course we have had to cope with it as almost kind of a normal part of life, the threat that is ever present."

AP IMAGES

34. In this Sept. 5, 1972, file photo, a member of the Arab Commando group which seized members of the Israeli Olympic Team at their quarters at the Munich Olympic Village appears with a hood over his face on the balcony of the village building where the commandos held several members of the Israeli team hostage.

35. West German policemen wearing sweatsuits, bullet-proof vests and armed with submachine guns, take up positions on September 5, 1972 on Olympic Village rooftops where armed Palestine commandos were holding Israeli team members hostage

36. Ankie Spitzer, widow of the Israeli fencing coach, Andre Spitzer, who was slain by Arab terrorists Sept. 5, surveys the room where the incident occurred at Munich's Olympic Village in West Germany on Sept. 8, 1972. The chalk circles on the wall were made by West German police to trace the impact of the bullets.

NASA

Date and location unknown (1975)

++4:3++

37. Rocket launch

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 9, 2016

++16:9++

38. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of Institute of Historical Research, University of London

"If you grew up in the 1960s and early 1970s space was a very exciting element of the kind of public discourse of the television and the media of the age because both the Americans and the Soviets were involved in competition to put a man on the moon and to develop space through satellites and so forth"

NASA

Date and location unknown (1975)

++4:3++

39. Soyuz and Apollo join together, astronauts and cosmonauts meet

AP TELEVISION (MUTE)

no exact dates or locations available, UK 1974

++4:3++

40. Wide of building site

41. Man working on building site

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 9, 2016

++16:9++

42. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Lawerence Goldman, Director of Institute of Historical Research, University of London

"Immigration was already an issue in Britain. It had been since the mid and late 1960s, so it is not as if some of the questions we are debating today are wholly new..far from it."

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, September 24, 1973 (MUTE)

++4:3++

43. Various men take part in industrial action at Ford plant, ethnic minorities amongst them

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, April 30, 1973 (MUTE)

++4:3++

44. Various of rail station during national strike

45. Various of street scenes, buses

AP TELEVISION

Ascot, United Kingdom, June 17, 1974 (MUTE)

++4:3++

46. The Queen in a carriage

47. Wide of racegoers in top hats

AP TELEVISION

London, United Kingdom, June 9, 2016

++16:9++

48. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dejan Sudjic, Director of Design Museum

"The things that we eat, the things we have in our home have been transformed utterly. Britain was suspicious of something called garlic in those days, we drank more beer than we drink wine. People were still finding that France was exotic, full of dangerous stuff like snails and onions. We have embraced all that."

AP TELEVISION

Cannes, France - May 11 1973 (MUTE)

++4:3++

49. Various of Cannes

50. Mid tilt up of woman sunbathing

AP TELEVISION

Paris, France - October 20, 1970 (MUTE)

++4:3++

51. Wide of Eiffel Tower

AP TELEVISION

Paris, France - July 26, 1975 (MUTE)

++4:3++

52. Various of models showing off clothes by designer Ted Lapidus on Parisian street at boulevard cafe

The scorching late summer sun of northern Portugal is ripening the black, super-sweet grapes that will go to make what European Union rules say is the only wine that can be called port.

Wine making has for several centuries been a way of life for many families here in the picturesque valley of the River Douro. It's a tradition the EU regulations are designed to protect.

"If it wasn't for wine, the Douro region would be on its knees," says 59-year-old Jose Pereira, a foreman for the Rozes port wine producer, as behind him two dozen local people pick the first grapes of the annual harvest. "Wine is our wealth."

For these workers and the local port wine producers, just like the makers of French champagne, Greek feta cheese or Italy's Parma ham, the EU's name-protection laws help ensure their livelihood by shielding them from industrial-scale, lower-cost copycats.

But port wine's second-largest export market is the United Kingdom, and the impending British exit from the EU is throwing port's almost 50 million euros' (58 million US dollars) worth of annual business there into doubt.

That's because London conspicuously isn't saying whether after leaving the EU next year it will keep the bloc's name protection rules. It could, for example, choose to let in rival port producers from the British Commonwealth, such as South Africa and Australia, as it casts around for post-Brexit trade deals.

Authorities in the United States have long fought against the EU's Geographical Identification (GI) laws, saying they amount to trade barriers - an argument that is not lost on the British government as it eyes closer business ties with Washington.

Product name protection is not a minor issue.

Last week, the EU's Brexit negotiator Michel Barnier singled it out as one of the three main outstanding questions, alongside a possible future border in Ireland and working out the post-Brexit EU-UK relationship.

Enrico Bonadio, Senior Lecturer in intellectual property law at City, University of London, says Geographical Identification laws are "a very sensitive issue which could jeopardize the whole Brexit negotiations."

He reckons the British government, aware that the UK is a major market for the more than 3,000 EU-protected items, is using the issue as "a bargaining chip" to win advantages in other areas of the negotiations.

EU protected names are prized by businesses. The labelling comes with strict regulations on production and is regarded as a quality guarantee that helps branding and sales.

The EU says the scheme seeks to protect local economies and cultures against misuse of names or imitations.

The policy has been a flashpoint before, being a factor in holding up a trade deal between the EU and the United States, where Geographical Identification rules fall under trademark law and where feta and parmesan, for example, are considered generic names.

Portugal's port wine industry offers a look into how a protected name earns its special status and what's at stake for families and businesses in the Brexit talks.

The Douro Valley has an abundance of arresting landscapes along an almost 200-kilometre (120-mile) stretch, reaching from the Atlantic almost into Spain. The spectacular scenery places it on a par with other outstanding European wine regions, such as the Rhine Valley in Germany or France's Loire.

The valley's steep and stony slopes are scored with contours of green vines that ripple back from the river in corrugated lines. Terraces of ancient walls, hand-built in local brown slate, hold gravity at bay. The quiet landscape is punctuated with ridgetop clusters of whitewashed houses and port wine estates called 'quintas.'

Several factors, producers say, make this a singular place: it has weather extremes, with summer bringing heat well above 30 degrees Celsius and winter bringing snow and ice; grape varieties such as Touriga nacional, Tinta roriz and Barroca are unique to Portugal; the poor, bone-dry soil means fewer grapes but a high concentration of sugar; and the slopes, up to 600 metres (2,000 feet) high, offer varying angles of exposure to the sun.

Tractors and trucks have replaced the mules and oxen of yore, but plenty has remained unchanged - including grape-treading in a knee-high granite tank called a 'lagar,' which remains common.

Port is the queen of Portuguese wines. A bottle of 19th-century vintage port, which is the top of the range, can fetch more than 3,000 euros (3,500 US dollars) at auction.

It is a fortified wine, made by adding grape spirit to halt the fermentation and keep the grapes' natural sweetness. It allows wine makers to produce deep, delicately textured wines admired around the world.

It is an ironic twist of Brexit that Britishness runs through the history of Portugal's port wine trade like marbling.

The port business was largely created by, and flourished because of, the British. The port companies, or 'houses,' are called Taylor's, Croft's, Churchill's, Warre's, Sandeman, and Symington, among others.

Taylor's, for example, was established in the Douro Valley in 1744 by Bartholomew Bearsley. After him came, among other bosses, Joseph Taylor, John Fladgate, Frank Yeatman and Alistair Robertson, whose son-in-law Adrian Bridge is now the Managing Director.

Bridge's office is in Vila Nova da Gaia, on the coast by the city of Porto, where the port companies have traditionally brought their wines for aging and shipping.

Standing amid hundreds of centuries-old barrels piled in rows in a musky cellar with granite walls and a wooden roof, Bridge notes that Brexit is already hurting business as the British pound's drop in value against the euro has pushed up port's price on UK shelves.

Taylor's sells port to 105 countries around the world, but Britain is far and away the most important he says, though plans are afoot to expand port's presence in other markets.

He adds, with typical British understatement, that he expects Brexit to "require some degree of readjustment."

Raymond Reynolds, owner of Raymond Reynolds Ltd, a specialist UK Wine importer is not too worried about geographical denominations, which he believes are superceded by historic links between suppliers and buyers.

"They are trusted in terms of their quality and through to retailers and consumers that works as well," he says, adding "the only problem with Brexit is the uncertainty."

Britain and the EU have not yet finalised their divorce agreement, stirring fears among businesses of disruption to trade.

Douro Valley, Portugal - 12 September, 2018

1. Pan of Douro River near Pinhao, Douro Valley

2. Wide of slope with green vines

3. Mid of Ferreira port wine slope

4. Mid of Alves de Sousa port wine slope

5. Wide of protected landscape with sign

6. Close of sign reading (Portuguese) "Douro Wine Valley, World Heritage"

7. Change of focus from slope to vine leaf

8. Workers arriving to harvest

9. Tilt up from bucket to workers going up the hill

10. Close of bucket with grapes

11. Mid of workers

12. Close of worker cutting vines

13. Close of bucket filled with grapes

14. Tilt down from sun to workers walking

15. Set up shot for Jose Pereira, foreman of Rozes port wine producer

16. SOUNDBITE (Portuguese) Jose Pereira, foreman of Rozes port wine producer:

"If it wasn't for wine there would be a crisis, both for our employers and for us. Without the wine the Douro region would be on its knees. Wine is our wealth."

17. Tractor carrying grapes up hill

18. Wide of Quinta da Gricha entrance

19. Workers receiving and processing grapes from the harvest for Churchill's port wine production house

20. Various of grapes being processed

21. Tilt down of Rozes wine barrels

22. Wide of old bottles of port wine

23. Change of focus between vintage port wine bottles

24. SOUNDBITE (Portuguese) Luciano Madureira, oenologist, Rozes port wine production:

"Port wine is good because it's from here, from this region. This is a unique region, where people are very important, the climate, the soil – which is not very rich, eager to produce more but that can't give more than what it already gives. We are in the mountains so what we do is always in small scale but with extraordinary quality."

Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal - 11 September, 2018

25. Entrance to Taylor's port wine cellars house

26. Close of Taylor's symbol

27. Wide of wine barrels at cellar

28. Set up shots for Taylor's managing director Adrian Bridge

29. SOUNDBITE (English) Adrian Bridge, Managing Director, Taylor's port wine house:

"Well, I think that clearly when we are selling a product like Port - which we have done for hundreds of years – we have seen many disruptions, of war and pestilence over the centuries and perhaps if one puts the context of Brexit in these terms of an unfortunate blip that may cause some problems and probably requires some degree of readjustment, I think that would be fair."

30. Wide of royal warrant of appointment

31. Close of royal warrant of appointment reading (English) "By appointment to H.M. Queen Elizabeth II suppliers of Port Wine, Taylor's Port Portugal"

London, UK - 14 September, 2018

32. Various set up shots of Enrico Bonadio, Senior Lecturer in intellectual property law at City, University of London

33. SOUNDBITE (English) Enrico Bonadio, Senior Lecturer in intellectual property law at City, University of London:

"I don't think the Europeans will accept, the EU will accept a Brexit deal which does not protect feta cheese, Parmesan cheese or champagne wine also because the entire final Brexit deal will need to be ratified by national parliaments, 27 national parliaments. Can we imagine the Greek parliament or the Italian parliament or the French parliament having to ratify a final Brexit deal that does not strongly protect feta, parmesan or champagne? It will be difficult. That's why a deadlock on this issue could jeopardize the entire Brexit deal."

London, UK - 19 September, 2018

34. Wide shot of the Raymond Reynolds stall at "The Dirty Dozen" wine and spirits tasting event in Glazier Hall, London

35. Attendee tasting a wine

36. Pan up from bottles of Niepoort port wine to wine tasters

37. Close up of wine being poured

38. Shot of Raymond Reynolds pouring some Niepoort Bioma port

39. Cutaway corks

40. SOUNDBITE: (English) Raymond Reynolds, Owner of Raymond Reynolds Ltd, a specialist UK Wine importer:

"I don't have any fear in that sense (of Geographical Identification ending after Brexit) because you know your sources of supply, we work with our growers, there is a historic link. They are trusted in terms of their quality and through to retailers and consumers that works as well so the only problem with Brexit is the uncertainty."

41. Tilt up of bottle of port

42. Various of Raymond Reynolds with customers

LEADIN:

British food and drink producers are feeling the strains of Brexit at The International Food and Drink Event (IFE) in London.

The UK government announced today (Monday 20 March) that it will trigger Article 50 on March 29, which will formally begin the Brexit process.

With the uncertainty surrounding the outcome of the negotiations, many producers are considering expansion into new markets, particularly the United States.

STORYLINE:

Things are sizzling in London at IFE, the UK's largest food and drink trade show, with more than 29,000 visitors expected to attend.

The show brings together over 1,350 food producers from around the world - like this beefsteak from Poland.

Or these kebabs from Turkey...

Giant onions from Spain...

Or how about a mouthful of Chinese seaweed salad?

But by far the largest contingent at the event is from the UK, which is acting as the show's partner country for the first time.

This year's show features more than 700 British food and drink producers and gives them a shop window for the international buyers in attendance.

But uncertainty over Brexit is overshadowing the event, with Article 50 expected to be triggered on March 29.

Many exhibitors are small to mid scale food and drink producers who are concerned about how a break from the European Union will impact their growing businesses.

For those north of the border in Scotland, the situation is particularly uncertain, with calls from the Scottish National Party for a second vote on independence.

Callum MacInnes is a cheese maker and founder of Island Smokery on the far northerly Orkney Islands.

He's been producing smoked cheeses and butters for a high-end market for over ten years; his products can be found at hotels including the Burj Khalifa in Dubai.

MacInnes produces 40 tonnes of cheese every year and is currently moving to a larger factory to grow his business, but now he has to contend with more instability.

"It (Brexit and a second Scottish vote on independence) is alarming because we've no idea. Basically it's just more turmoil," he says.

"I mean, you have turmoil in a political situation, when people are uncertain, people don't spend, they always wait to see.

"So between another referendum and Brexit we're really between a rock and a hard place at the minute because nobody knows how it's going to pan out."

But MacInnes tries to remain positive about the political situation in Scotland and sees the benefit of new trade with the US.

With the fall in value of the pound against the dollar he has discovered his high-end cheeses and butters are suddenly much more affordable for Americans looking to invest in high-quality food.

He's just shipped his first export to the US after a positive trade event saw orders flooding in.

"It was specialist for a long time, it was maybe too expensive for the man on the street but because of the way the pound and the dollar has gone, it's now accessible to everyone," he says.

Just down the road in Orkney is one of the newest producers at the show; Kirkjuvagr gin has only been available since last August.

The company started in February, but by the time the first bottle rolled off the production line the Brexit vote had already been decided.

For Stephen Kemp, the director of Orkney Distilling Ltd., it spells trouble for his young company.

"I think Brexit doesn't necessarily spell a lot that's good right now, not for us, not out on the periphery of Britain in the north," he says.

"We very much rely on the British market and also being able to use Britain as a springboard to go to other markets round the world."

Kemp has many advantages basing his gin company in Orkney - for example, the Angelica root (one of the key botanicals used to flavour gin) grows naturally on the Scottish island.

But despite the positive reactions he's getting for his gin, Kemp says there could be difficulties ahead if the impact of Brexit on small businesses like his is not taken into consideration in the negotiations.

"It's sad to think that small producers like us will be penalised because there's been no indication how the support mechanism might work for the industries and for young companies like us," he says.

Welsh producers like the Celtic Pie Co. are also exhibiting at the show.

Like the Scots, many are also finding the prospect of Brexit negotiations a bit too salty.

Jessica Lea-Wilson is with Halen Mon Sea Salt co. from Anglesey, an island off the north coast of Wales.

Halen Mon has been hand harvesting high-end salt products from the waters around the island for the last 21 years.

A 100g packet of Anglesey sea-salt starts from around 4 British pounds (approx. $5 USD) and is called a finishing salt, added at the end of a dish rather than as a cooking ingredient.

The largest market for the Welsh company is in Spain, so a retreat from the EU is of real concern - particularly because it could mean losing its EU protected designation of origin status.

This could mean salt producers in other parts of the world could use the Anglesey name to promote their own salts.

"The protected designation of origin, this little symbol here, protected food names like Champagne or Parma ham or Melton Mowbray pork pies, this legislation is in place to protect our brands, make sure that they're not imitated and we're not quite sure what's going to happen when we leave the EU when it comes to that and that's really important to our business," says Lea-Wilson.

"So we're trying to highlight that and bring it to the government's attention."

Like many British producers at IFE, Lea-Wilson is already looking to new markets and also like many British producers she sees the US as a key growth area.

"We already have a growing market in the US and we're trying to see it as a positive thing that it might grow and that might be an opportunity for us, especially in terms of currency rates at the moment it's quite an attractive option for a lot of US buyers," she says.

Exhibitors are feeling the uncertainty, but remaining positive about the future.

Show director Soraya Gadelrab thinks there's a lot to be confident about in the British food industry.

"At the moment trading conditions are uncertain for some people and I think a big international trade show like this gives the UK suppliers an opportunity to say; 'Here we are, we're open for business.' But on top of that it shows new markets who perhaps haven't done a lot of imports from the UK previously, that we have such a plethora of on trend products to come and look at, but also it gives those buyers an opportunity to meet the suppliers face-to-face, talk to them and start talking to them about real genuine business," she says.

London attracts top chefs from around the world, who come to cook in the capital.

Peruvian chef Robert Ortiz from Lima restaurant in London is demonstrating his skills at the show.

Here he puts together a tiradito dish with raw scallops and spicy Peruvian yellow chillies.

IFE runs from 19-22 March at London's ExCel exhibition centre.

London, UK - 19 March 2017

1. Close of Polish beef steak frying on grill

2. Mid of chef speaking with show visitors

3. Close of steak being turned

4. Mid of chef serving visitors steak

5. Close of cooked steak

6. Wide of Turkish kebab

7. Close of kebab being shaved

8. Close of kebab cooking

9. Close of giant Spanish onion being placed on top of can

10. Various of Palestinian stand with dates

11. Close of bowl of seaweed salad from China

12. Various of man eating seaweed salad

13. Low shot of Callum MacInnes cutting Orkney smoked cheese

14. Close of cheese being cut

15. Close of Scottish flag of St Andrew

16. SOUNDBITE (English) Callum MacInnes, Founder of Island Smokery:

"It (Brexit and a second Scottish vote on independence) is alarming because we've no idea. Basically it's just more turmoil. I mean, you have turmoil in a political situation, when people are uncertain, people don't spend, they always wait to see. So between another referendum and Brexit we're really between a rock and a hard place at the minute because nobody knows how it's going to pan out."

17. Mid of MacInnes taking cheese from fridge

18. Close of smoked cheese being cut

19. Mid of MacInnes cutting cheese

20. SOUNDBITE (English) Callum MacInnes, Founder of Island Smokery:

"It was specialist for a long time, it was maybe too expensive for the man on the street but because of the way the pound and the dollar has gone, it's now accessible to everyone."

21. Close tilt down of Kirkjuvagr gin from Orkney, Scotland

22. Mid of Stephen Kemp of Kirkjuvagr talking with visitors

23. Close tilt up of show visitor sampling gin

24. Close of tap filling glass with gin

25. Various of Stephen Kemp drinking gin

26. SOUNDBITE (English) Stephen Kemp, Director of Orkney Distilling Ltd.:

"I think Brexit doesn't necessarily spell a lot that's good right now, not for us, not out on the periphery of Britain in the north. We very much rely on the British market, we rely also on being able to use Britain as a springboard to go to other markets round the world."

27. Close of jar containing Angelica root - a key ingredient in gin

28. Close of Angelica in hand

29. SOUNDBITE (English) Stephen Kemp, Director of Orkney Distilling Ltd.:

"It's sad to think that small producers like us I think will be penalised because there's been no indication of how the support mechanism might work for the industries and for young companies like us."

30. Mid pan right of sign reading: (Welsh/English) "Cymru/Wales"

31. Various of chef at the Celtic Pie Co. slicing steak and ale pie

32. Wide of Jessica Lea-Wilson from Halen Mon Anglesey Sea Salt co.

33. Close of Lea-Wilson

34. Close of bowl of sea salt

35. Mid of Lea-Wilson pouring salt into her hand

36. Close of salt in her hand

37. SOUNDBITE (English) Jessica Lea-Wilson, Brand Manager, Halen Mon Anglesey Sea Salt co.:

"The protected designation of origin, this little symbol here, protected food names like Champagne or Parma ham or Melton Mowbray pork pies, this legislation is in place to protect our brands, make sure that they're not imitated and we're not quite sure what's going to happen when we leave the EU when it comes to that and that's really important to our business. So we're trying to highlight that and bring it to the government's attention."

38. Extreme close of salt crystals in hand

39. SOUNDBITE (English) Jessica Lea-Wilson, Brand Manager, Halen Mon Anglesey Sea Salt co.:

"We already have a growing market in the US and we're trying to see it as a positive thing that it might grow and that might be an opportunity for us, especially in terms of currency rates at the moment it's quite an attractive option for a lot of US buyers."

40. Various setup shots of event director Soraya Gadelrab speaking to exhibitor

41. SOUNDBITE (English) Soraya Gadelrab, Show Director, the International Food and Drink Event:

"At the moment trading conditions are uncertain for some people and I think a big international trade show like this gives the UK suppliers an opportunity to say; 'Here we are, we're open for business.' But on top of that it shows new markets who perhaps haven't done a lot of imports from the UK previously, that we have such a plethora of on trend products to come and look at, but also it gives those buyers an opportunity to meet the suppliers face-to-face, talk to them and start talking about real genuine business."

42. Various of Robert Ortiz, chef from Lima restaurant in London, demonstrating Peruvian cooking onstage

LEADIN:

British food and drink producers are feeling the strains of Brexit at The International Food and Drink Event (IFE) in London.

The UK government announced today (Monday 20 March) that it will trigger Article 50 on March 29, which will formally begin the Brexit process.

With the uncertainty surrounding the outcome of the negotiations, many producers are considering expansion into new markets, particularly the United States.

STORYLINE:

Things are sizzling in London at IFE, the UK's largest food and drink trade show, with more than 29,000 visitors expected to attend.

The show brings together over 1,350 food producers from around the world - like this beefsteak from Poland.

Or these kebabs from Turkey...

Giant onions from Spain...

Or how about a mouthful of Chinese seaweed salad?

But by far the largest contingent at the event is from the UK, which is acting as the show's partner country for the first time.

This year's show features more than 700 British food and drink producers and gives them a shop window for the international buyers in attendance.

But uncertainty over Brexit is overshadowing the event, with Article 50 expected to be triggered on March 29.

Many exhibitors are small to mid scale food and drink producers who are concerned about how a break from the European Union will impact their growing businesses.

For those north of the border in Scotland, the situation is particularly uncertain, with calls from the Scottish National Party for a second vote on independence.

Callum MacInnes is a cheese maker and founder of Island Smokery on the far northerly Orkney Islands.

He's been producing smoked cheeses and butters for a high-end market for over ten years; his products can be found at hotels including the Burj Khalifa in Dubai.

MacInnes produces 40 tonnes of cheese every year and is currently moving to a larger factory to grow his business, but now he has to contend with more instability.

"It (Brexit and a second Scottish vote on independence) is alarming because we've no idea. Basically it's just more turmoil," he says.

"I mean, you have turmoil in a political situation, when people are uncertain, people don't spend, they always wait to see.

"So between another referendum and Brexit we're really between a rock and a hard place at the minute because nobody knows how it's going to pan out."

But MacInnes tries to remain positive about the political situation in Scotland and sees the benefit of new trade with the US.

With the fall in value of the pound against the dollar he has discovered his high-end cheeses and butters are suddenly much more affordable for Americans looking to invest in high-quality food.

He's just shipped his first export to the US after a positive trade event saw orders flooding in.

"It was specialist for a long time, it was maybe too expensive for the man on the street but because of the way the pound and the dollar has gone, it's now accessible to everyone," he says.

Just down the road in Orkney is one of the newest producers at the show; Kirkjuvagr gin has only been available since last August.

The company started in February, but by the time the first bottle rolled off the production line the Brexit vote had already been decided.

For Stephen Kemp, the director of Orkney Distilling Ltd., it spells trouble for his young company.

"I think Brexit doesn't necessarily spell a lot that's good right now, not for us, not out on the periphery of Britain in the north," he says.

"We very much rely on the British market and also being able to use Britain as a springboard to go to other markets round the world."

Kemp has many advantages basing his gin company in Orkney - for example, the Angelica root (one of the key botanicals used to flavour gin) grows naturally on the Scottish island.

But despite the positive reactions he's getting for his gin, Kemp says there could be difficulties ahead if the impact of Brexit on small businesses like his is not taken into consideration in the negotiations.

"It's sad to think that small producers like us will be penalised because there's been no indication how the support mechanism might work for the industries and for young companies like us," he says.

Welsh producers like the Celtic Pie Co. are also exhibiting at the show.

Like the Scots, many are also finding the prospect of Brexit negotiations a bit too salty.

Jessica Lea-Wilson is with Halen Mon Sea Salt co. from Anglesey, an island off the north coast of Wales.

Halen Mon has been hand harvesting high-end salt products from the waters around the island for the last 21 years.

A 100g packet of Anglesey sea-salt starts from around 4 British pounds (approx. $5 USD) and is called a finishing salt, added at the end of a dish rather than as a cooking ingredient.

The largest market for the Welsh company is in Spain, so a retreat from the EU is of real concern - particularly because it could mean losing its EU protected designation of origin status.

This could mean salt producers in other parts of the world could use the Anglesey name to promote their own salts.

"The protected designation of origin, this little symbol here, protected food names like Champagne or Parma ham or Melton Mowbray pork pies, this legislation is in place to protect our brands, make sure that they're not imitated and we're not quite sure what's going to happen when we leave the EU when it comes to that and that's really important to our business," says Lea-Wilson.

"So we're trying to highlight that and bring it to the government's attention."

Like many British producers at IFE, Lea-Wilson is already looking to new markets and also like many British producers she sees the US as a key growth area.

"We already have a growing market in the US and we're trying to see it as a positive thing that it might grow and that might be an opportunity for us, especially in terms of currency rates at the moment it's quite an attractive option for a lot of US buyers," she says.

Exhibitors are feeling the uncertainty, but remaining positive about the future.

Show director Soraya Gadelrab thinks there's a lot to be confident about in the British food industry.

"At the moment trading conditions are uncertain for some people and I think a big international trade show like this gives the UK suppliers an opportunity to say; 'Here we are, we're open for business.' But on top of that it shows new markets who perhaps haven't done a lot of imports from the UK previously, that we have such a plethora of on trend products to come and look at, but also it gives those buyers an opportunity to meet the suppliers face-to-face, talk to them and start talking to them about real genuine business," she says.

London attracts top chefs from around the world, who come to cook in the capital.

Peruvian chef Robert Ortiz from Lima restaurant in London is demonstrating his skills at the show.

Here he puts together a tiradito dish with raw scallops and spicy Peruvian yellow chillies.

IFE runs from 19-22 March at London's ExCel exhibition centre.

London, UK - 19 March 2017

1. Close of Polish beef steak frying on grill

2. Mid of chef speaking with show visitors

3. Close of steak being turned

4. Mid of chef serving visitors steak

5. Close of cooked steak

6. Wide of Turkish kebab

7. Close of kebab being shaved

8. Close of kebab cooking

9. Close of giant Spanish onion being placed on top of can

10. Various of Palestinian stand with dates

11. Close of bowl of seaweed salad from China

12. Various of man eating seaweed salad

13. Low shot of Callum MacInnes cutting Orkney smoked cheese

14. Close of cheese being cut

15. Close of Scottish flag of St Andrew

16. SOUNDBITE (English) Callum MacInnes, Founder of Island Smokery:

"It (Brexit and a second Scottish vote on independence) is alarming because we've no idea. Basically it's just more turmoil. I mean, you have turmoil in a political situation, when people are uncertain, people don't spend, they always wait to see. So between another referendum and Brexit we're really between a rock and a hard place at the minute because nobody knows how it's going to pan out."

17. Mid of MacInnes taking cheese from fridge

18. Close of smoked cheese being cut

19. Mid of MacInnes cutting cheese

20. SOUNDBITE (English) Callum MacInnes, Founder of Island Smokery:

"It was specialist for a long time, it was maybe too expensive for the man on the street but because of the way the pound and the dollar has gone, it's now accessible to everyone."

21. Close tilt down of Kirkjuvagr gin from Orkney, Scotland

22. Mid of Stephen Kemp of Kirkjuvagr talking with visitors

23. Close tilt up of show visitor sampling gin

24. Close of tap filling glass with gin

25. Various of Stephen Kemp drinking gin

26. SOUNDBITE (English) Stephen Kemp, Director of Orkney Distilling Ltd.:

"I think Brexit doesn't necessarily spell a lot that's good right now, not for us, not out on the periphery of Britain in the north. We very much rely on the British market, we rely also on being able to use Britain as a springboard to go to other markets round the world."

27. Close of jar containing Angelica root - a key ingredient in gin

28. Close of Angelica in hand

29. SOUNDBITE (English) Stephen Kemp, Director of Orkney Distilling Ltd.:

"It's sad to think that small producers like us I think will be penalised because there's been no indication of how the support mechanism might work for the industries and for young companies like us."

30. Mid pan right of sign reading: (Welsh/English) "Cymru/Wales"

31. Various of chef at the Celtic Pie Co. slicing steak and ale pie

32. Wide of Jessica Lea-Wilson from Halen Mon Anglesey Sea Salt co.

33. Close of Lea-Wilson

34. Close of bowl of sea salt

35. Mid of Lea-Wilson pouring salt into her hand

36. Close of salt in her hand

37. SOUNDBITE (English) Jessica Lea-Wilson, Brand Manager, Halen Mon Anglesey Sea Salt co.:

"The protected designation of origin, this little symbol here, protected food names like Champagne or Parma ham or Melton Mowbray pork pies, this legislation is in place to protect our brands, make sure that they're not imitated and we're not quite sure what's going to happen when we leave the EU when it comes to that and that's really important to our business. So we're trying to highlight that and bring it to the government's attention."

38. Extreme close of salt crystals in hand

39. SOUNDBITE (English) Jessica Lea-Wilson, Brand Manager, Halen Mon Anglesey Sea Salt co.:

"We already have a growing market in the US and we're trying to see it as a positive thing that it might grow and that might be an opportunity for us, especially in terms of currency rates at the moment it's quite an attractive option for a lot of US buyers."

40. Various setup shots of event director Soraya Gadelrab speaking to exhibitor

41. SOUNDBITE (English) Soraya Gadelrab, Show Director, the International Food and Drink Event:

"At the moment trading conditions are uncertain for some people and I think a big international trade show like this gives the UK suppliers an opportunity to say; 'Here we are, we're open for business.' But on top of that it shows new markets who perhaps haven't done a lot of imports from the UK previously, that we have such a plethora of on trend products to come and look at, but also it gives those buyers an opportunity to meet the suppliers face-to-face, talk to them and start talking about real genuine business."

42. Various of Robert Ortiz, chef from Lima restaurant in London, demonstrating Peruvian cooking onstage