SHOTLIST:

Paris, France. 18th June 2013.

1. 00:00 Wide shot of Amaury Sport Organisation A.S.O. (the Organising Company of the Tour de France)

2. 00:06 Close up of Amaury Sport Organisation A.S.O.

3. 00:10 Mid shot of the entrance of A.S.O.

4. 00:15 Mid shot of Christian Prudhomme walking away from his office

5. 00:24 SOUNDBITE: (French) Christian Prudhomme, Director Tour de France:

(Question regarding who is favourite to win this Tour)

"(Alberto) Contador will of course be a very important element of the picture, of the scenario of the Tour, but it will be Sky against the rest of the world with of course Chris Froome as the undisputed leader of this team."

6. 00:40 Close up (zoom out) of old photo of cyclists

7. 00:45 Wide shot of Christian Prudhomme, Director of the Tour de France, next to the poster of the 100th edition of the Tour de France, the tour of 2013.

8. 00:50 Mid of photo with cyclists high on a mountain

9. 00:56 SOUNDBITE: (French) Christian Prudhomme, Director Tour de France:

(Question regarding the possibilities of a comeback from Bradley Wiggins)

"I think he will be very strong on the Tour that will start in Yorkshire in 2014. In Yorkshire, there will be a magnificent stage and the next one will finish in London. I think he'll have his motivation back and be back."

10. 01:09 Pan shot of poster of Tour de France edition 2013.

11. 01:18 Close up of the stages in the Alps.

12. 01:25 SOUNDBITE: (French) Christian Prudhomme, Director Tour de France:

(Question regarding doping in cycling)

"One of the fundamental questions is the capacity of finding the substances. If the medical corps would be capable to find all the substances, there would be no doubt at all. And the last years, the gap has been considerably tightened between those who cheat and those who track down the cheaters."

13. 01:48 Close up of the departure of the Tour de France in Corsica

14. 01:51 SOUNDBITE: (French) Christian Prudhomme, Director Tour de France:

(Question regarding the importance of starting the Tour in Corsica)

"Two stages (in Corsica) are typically stages for punchers. Here, the favourites of the general classification will have to pay a lot of attention, because these are typically trapped stages. Those who haven't scouted the Corsican stages will have made a big mistake. On the eve of the first stage, they might say: "It's all flat, Corsica, it's all flat. There are no bends!" Two days later they will have understood why the automobile Tour of Corsica is called 'The Rally of ten thousand bends'."

15. 02:15 Mid shot of poster of the southern part of the Tour de France (Alps and Pyrenees)

16. 02:20 Pan of poster from Bretagne to the Alps

17. 02:28 SOUNDBITE: (French) Christian Prudhomme, Director Tour de France:

"Cycling is friendly. Once again, it's (a sport) for families, for people who are happy to be there, for people smiling."

18. 02:35 Pan shot from the Alps to Paris, Champs Elysees.

19. 02:41 Mid shot of photo with cyclists on the Champs Elysees.

20. 02:45 Close up from the map with Paris, Champs Elysees.

STORYLINE: Tour de France director Christian Prudhomme spoke on Tuesday (18th June) and tipped Chris Froome to emerge victorious in this years race.

SCRIPTING INFORMATION:

The director of the Tour de France, Christian Prudhomme, expects that the 2013 event, the 100th edition of the Tour de France, will be a scenario of Team Sky against the rest of the world, with Christopher Froome as the undisputed leader of his team.

He expects Bradley Wiggins to come roaring back in 2014 after not defending his crown in this year's race, which starts in just over a week. "I think he'll have his motivation back and be back," Christian Prudhomme said in an interview on Tuesday in his Paris office.

Elite athletes, he noted, "can fall very low but rebound very quickly."

The first two stages in 2014 run through Yorkshire in northeast England, with the third going from Cambridge to London, so Wiggins will be on home ground. "I think he'll be very strong," Prudhomme said.

About the doping affairs in the Tour, Prudhomme said: "One of the fundamental questions is the capacity of finding the substances. If the medical corps would be capable to find all the substances, there would be no doubt at all. And the last years, the gap has been considerably tightened between those who cheat and those who track down the cheaters."

Prudhomme warned that the first stages on the French island of Corsica could be treacherous.

After a flat opening stage on June 29 that British sprinter Mark Cavendish, among others, will have his eye on, the race ventures over more jagged terrain inland and up the island's west coast.

From Corsica, the Tour crosses to the French mainland.

"Those who haven't scouted the Corsican stages will have made a big mistake. On the evening of the first stage, they'll be telling themselves, "It's all flat!" Prudhomme said. "Two days later they will have understood why the automobile Tour of Corsica is called `The Rally of ten thousand Bends.' Not only does it go up and down, it turns all the time."

Christian Prudhomme, himself a passionate supporter of cycling, remains optimistic for the popularity of the sport: "Cycling is a sport for families, for people who are happy to be there, for people smiling."

Reaction after 2015 Tour de France route is unveiled in Paris on Wednesday (October 22nd).

The punishing hairpin climb to the Alpe d'Huez ski station high in the French Alps will provide the dramatic climax for the 2015 Tour de France on the last day, before cycling's showcase race sweeps into Paris for its traditional finish before cheering crowds on the Champs-Elysees.

The atypical 2015 route unveiled on Wednesday by Tour organisers also sees a drastically reduced emphasis on time-trialling, plenty of opportunities for sprinters to shine and potential traps that could trip up race favorites, including a return to tricky cobbled roads in northeast France.

The race starts on July 4th in Utrecht, the Netherlands, and ends 3,344 kilometres (2,078 miles) later in Paris on July 26th, going counter-clockwise around France.

Riders get rest days before they attack the Pyrenees and then the high Alps.

Paris, France. 22nd October, 2014.

1. 00:00 Wide of TDF 2015 route presentation.

2. 00:06 Medium of cyclists.

3. 00:11 Close-up of presentation stage.

4. 00:15 Pan and top shot of mixed zone.

5. 00:20 Set-up Vincenzo Nibali.

6. 00:23 Cutaway.

7. 00:28 SOUNDBITE: (Italian) Vincenzo Nibali, TDF 2014 winner, Astana (on doping in the Astana team):

"The events that happened are related to the Iglinskiy family, so it's a separate thing and we, as a team, cannot answer for something done by the two brothers. About the last case instead, it doesn't belong to us, it is part of the 'professional' team, which is not managed by us but it's managed by others."

8. 01:22 Cutaway.

9. 01:27 SOUNDBITE: (Italian) Vincenzo Nibali, TDF 2014 winner, Astana (Q: are you the favourite?)

"It's hard to say who the favourites are, we will see it during the season, during the preparation ahead of the Tour. Certainly, the most important favourites are (Chris) Froome, (Alberto) Contador, (Nairo) Quintana."

10. 01:42 Set-up Chriastian Prudhomme.

11. 01:48 SOUNDBITE: (English) Christian Prudhomme, Tour director:

"It's a hilly Tour, yes. Its the 40th anniversary of polka dot jersey. So we'll have a first part with flat stages but we will use cobblestones, we will use the wind, two steep finish lines. And after that yes, in the Pyrenees and in the Alps yes - it will be a 'mountain-ess' Tour De France."

12. 02:12 Cutaway.

13. 02:17 SOUNDBITE: (English) Christian Prudhomme, Tour director:

"Stages are always good for the sprinters. A Tour is never good for sprinters, it's only stage wins. If you are not a climber, you can't win the Tour."

14. 02:28 Set-up Marc Cavendish.

15. 02:33 SOUNDBITE: (English) Marc Cavendish, QuickStep:

"After the first week, it will be in the mountains. With cross winds, small roads, small hills, with the cobbles. It's going to lead to a lot of stress, everyone is going to be very tired. There is lots of opportunities for me as a sprinter. I am really looking forward to it."

16. 02:48 Set-up Marcel Kittel.

17. 02:52 SOUNDBITE: (English) Marcel Kittel, Giant:

"As a sprinter I like the first week even though there are cobblestones in it. But, yeah, it will be really hard after the first stages."

18. 03:02 Pan on TDF 2015 map and route.

19. 03:08 SOUNDBITE: (French) Jean-Christophe Peraud, Ag2r:

"Cycling is not doing well in a way in relation with the number of teams are quitting. So one shouldn't point the finger at Astana. It doesn't look like organized doping. I think the UCI is putting in a lot of effort in its fight against doping."

20. 03:27 Medium of mixed zone.

21. 03:31 SOUNDBITE: (English) Cadel Evans, Former TDF winner:

"There is certainly a couple of stages that I think would suit me and my carachteristics but at the same time I had ten years committed to the TDF. I gave everything I could, the moments I could�I came away with one victory. I retire, I step away from the TDF as satisfyed competitor and a one with only very few regrets."

22. 03:56 Wide of presentation TDF 2015 stage.

STORYLINE:

Defending champion Geraint Thomas and Mark Cavendish spoke about the route for the 2019 Tour de France after it was announced in Paris on Thursday (25th October).

SCRIPTING INFORMATION:

Next year's Tour de France will celebrate the 100th anniversary of the showcase race's iconic yellow jersey.

With France emerging from the carnage of World War I, the Tour offered its beacon of hope to the war-ravaged nation.

In 1919, the race leader's yellow jersey — which has become cycling's most iconic symbol — was introduced.

"It came straight out of the trenches, born from the rubble of a wounded France," Tour race director Christian Prudhomme said Thursday, unveiling the route for the July 6-28 race.

Joining Prudhomme on stage were five-time Tour winners Eddy Merckx, Bernard Hinault and Miguel Indurain.

Only four riders, including Jacques Anquetil, have won five Tours; Lance Armstrong was stripped of his seven titles for doping.

British rider Chris Froome will try to win his fifth title next year, but will have to depose his Team Sky teammate Geraint Thomas over the 3,460-kilometre (2,145-mile) race.

It features seven flat stages for sprinters, five hilly ones for all-rounders, seven mountain stages — five with summit finishes — one team time trial and one individual time trial.

The big climbs start in the Pyrenees before hitting the Alps.

The Tour has less of the Hors Categorie (Beyond Classification) climbs than before - those HC climbs are the most gruelling.

Instead, the race has more of the Category Two climbs — which are noticeably less difficult and favour attacking strategies.

Sky has won six of the past seven races, often controlling them in the mountains by easily repelling attacks.

This has given the team an aura of invincibility and the race a predictable tone.

With closer racing needed, the two time trials combine for a relatively low 54 kilometres, meaning specialists such as Froome have less chance to gain significant time advantages.

The race begins with a flat stage for sprinters around the city of Brussels and stays there the next day for the 27 kilometre team time trial.

After leaving Belgium, the Tour snakes through the Champagne and Lorraine regions.

Stage 4 for sprinters starts in Reims — the Champagne-producing city where 25 French kings were crowned in its cathedral.

With the race leaving the Alsace region, Stage 7 is the longest at 230 kilometres and made for sprinters.

The next day's stage is a hilly one, with several short but sharp climbs from Macon to Saint-Etienne.

The first rest day is July 16 in Albi in southern France, followed by a sprint stage before the Tour enters the high Pyrenees.

Stage 14 on July 20 features finishes with a climb up the Tourmalet pass, one of the most famed in Tour history.

Riders tackle three days of Alpine climbing on stages 18-20, featuring an ascent up the famed Galibier and imposing Iseran — standing 2,770 metres — and culminating with a relentless 33.4 kilometre trek up to the ski resort of Val Thorens.

After the weary peloton is flown towards Paris, the race ends the next day with its processional showcase stage on the Champs-Elysees.

Palais des Congres, Paris, France. 25th October 2018.

1. 00:00 Wide of cyclists walking on stage

2. 00:04 Mark Cavendish on stage

3. 00:10 Christopher Froome on stage

4. 00:19 Geraint Thomas on stage

5. 00:30 Froome and Thomas going back to their seats

6. 00:40 Geraint Thomas

7. 00:43 Christopher Froome

8. 00:47 Julian Alaphilippe

9. 00:51 Mark Cavendish

10. 00:57 Primoz Roglic

11. 01:01 Five-time Tour de France winners Bernard Hinault, Eddy Merckx, and Miguel Indurain, Raymond Poulidor, French former professional bicycle racer known as "The Eternal Second", and Tour de France director Christian Prudhomme

(UPSOUND Raymond Poulidor "Between us four we have won 15 Tour de France")

12. 01:09 Pan of Bernard Hinault, Eddy Merckx, Miguel Indurain, Raymond Poulidor on stage

13. 01:21 Tour de France director Christian Prudhomme arriving on stage with map of Tour de France 2019 on large screen

14. 01:26 SOUNDBITE (English): Geraint Thomas, 2018 Tour de France winner:

"It's solid, it's tough as ever, but it's hard to take in it all when it's so quick but there are some big stages, obviously a lot of climbs finishing over 2,000 metres, medium mountain days, you know, look hard as well so yes it's going to be a tough race."

15. 01:42 Close up Thomas' eyes

16. 01:47 SOUNDBITE (English) Geraint Thomas, 2018 Tour de France winner:

"Yeah I think that will be really nice, I've raced in Belgium quite a lot before in the past, so yeah it will be nice to go back and obviously team time trial which we are normally pretty good at. It will be nice to try and try and win that for a change, rather than second and third, which we always seem to be."

17. 02:03 Geraint Thomas talking to journalists

18. 02:07 SOUNDBITE (English): Mark Cavendish, British sprinter who has won 30 Tour de France stages:

"It's flat enough for me, it's 21 flat dates isn't it, but yes, when you've got six or seven spin opportunities that's good, that's fair and there is that, you know. We've got the climbs. I think although there's more climbing, probably more altitude metres, it's still probably (doesn't finish sentence).... 2018 was near-on impossible to reach Paris for most of the sprinters - just the position of the climbs and the layout of the stages whereas here, though there's more climbing there's actually a better opportunity for us. If we work hard, we get to Paris. This year, it didn't matter how hard you worked physiologically, we'd never get to Paris. I was sick in the end, but I don't think even if I was well I wouldn't have reached it. It's quite nice next year - I'm looking forward to it."

19. 02:54 Tour de France presentation on large screen

20. 02:59 Cavendish watching presentation

21. 02:17 SOUNDBITE (English): Mark Cavendish, British sprinter who won 30 Tour de France stages:

"Yeah I hope so. Just back on my bike now. Yeah, there's enough time to get health... to get fit, as long as I'm healthy so I'm monitoring my health at the minute and we'll see where I'm at."

(Journalist: What does the Tour de France mean?)

It's everything for me. It's everything for every bike rider. Even guys who don't ride the road, professional track riders always dreamt of one point or another riding the Tour de France. For me it's everything, it's my career, it's what I've built everything on. It's what I'll continue to do. It's the only reason I still ride a bike now."

22. 03:30 Cavendish leaving

23. 03:35 Wide pan from audience clapping to stage

23. 03:42 Audience listening

SOURCE: SNTV

DURATION: 03:47

STORYLINE:

Chris Froome and other riders reacted after the 2017 Tour de France route was unveiled on Tuesday (18th October).

SCRIPTING INFORMATION:

All five mountain ranges of continental France will feature in next year's Tour de France, setting up a gruelling, three-week racing challenge that seems tailor-made for the climbing strengths of defending champion Chris Froome and his Colombian rival, Nairo Quintana.

In their quest to keep the 113-year-old race young, organisers have again unearthed fresh racing challenges from the geography of France, with new climbs and, on stage 18, an unprecedented mountain-top finish on the punishing Col d'Izoard high in the Alps - a rocky, hostile and lunar terrain that could be the final big battleground for the winner's check of 500,000 euros ($550,000).

Before that, on stage 12 in the Pyrenees, the Tour climbs to the Peyragudes ski station where parts of the James Bond movie "Tomorrow Never Dies" were filmed in 1997.

From its July 1 start in Duesseldorf, Germany, to the July 23 finish on the Champs-Elysees in Paris, the 3,516-kilometre (2,185-mile) route will wind over climbs in the Vosges, Jura, Massif Central, Pyrenees and Alps. Not since the Tour of 1992 have organisers made riders take on all five mountain ranges.

Paris, France. 18th October 2016.

1. 00:00 Tour de France riders arriving for presentation

2. 00:11 Chris Froome, three-time Tour de France winner, arriving for presentation

3. 00:19 Close up Chris Froome

4. 00:25 Mid of Chris Froome seated between Romain Bardet and Adam Yates

5. 00:31 Wide of Chris Froome seated between Romain Bardet and Adam Yates

6. 00:39 SOUNDBITE (English) Chris Froome, three-time Tour de France winner:

"Like every year this is an extremely tough, tough Tour de France to win. Only three summit finishes but a few very difficult challenging mountain stages. It definitely could make the race a lot more tactical in the mountains and not necessarily just about the strongest on the climb on the day."

7. 01:03 Froome on camera screen

8. 01:07 SOUNDBITE (English) Chris Froome, three-time Tour de France winner:

"It is certainly nice to see that Tour de France is returning to Germany, I think it's been 30 years now since the Tour was there. I think especially given the likes of a lot of the German riders in the peloton at the moment, we've got some really talented guys, guys like (Marcel) Kittel, (John) Degenkolb, Tony Martin. I'm sure for them it's going to be a great honour for them to be at the Tour de France with it starting in Germany again."

9. 01:38 Froome holding photo and posing with man for photographer

10. 01:46 Christian Prudhomme with officials

11. 01:50 SOUNDBITE (French) Christian Prudhomme, Tour de France director:

"Yes, the stages from the beginning to the end where the Tour can play itself out, for the first time in 25 years, the five main mountain ranges. These last few years, we sometimes had three mountain stages in the same mountain range. Here, there will be a stage in the Vosges, two in the Jura, two in the Pyrenees, one in the Massif Central, two in the Alps, and a time trial at the beginning and another one nearly at the end. So it is made in a way it can play itself out everywhere and give an uncertain side to the race. That's what we are looking for."

12. 02:13 Christian Prudhomme with officials

13. 02:18 SOUNDBITE (French) Romain Bardet, French climbing specialist:

"Of course there are short stages with important differences of levels but there is no succession of difficulties and no third week as hard as the one last year for example." .

It is an interesting itinerary

14. 02:27 Romain Bardet being interviewed

15. 02:32 Pan journalists

16. 02:37 SOUNDBITE (French) Thomas Voeckler, French rider:

"I've been through everything on the Tour so what happens to me for the past few years is really like a bonus. I ride the Tour because I like it and I really enjoy the Tour De France. After, well I'll answer you after the Tour but if we win a stage with the team, or if I manage to, why not, win a fifth stage on the Tour, I'm not going to deprive myself. We saw earlier the 2016 retrospective: the various stage winners are not second rate riders, these last few years have been more and more difficult and let's face it. I'll be 38 next year. I don't have the legs I had when I was 30. The mind might still be the same but the body ages."

17. 03:16 Various shots of (from left to right) Thibaud Pinot, Romain Bardet, Chris Froome, Richie Porte, Julian Alaphilippe, Adam Yates and Thomas Voeckler on stage

SOURCE: SNTV

DURATION: 03:31

Reaction after the route for the 2016 Tour de France was unveiled in Paris on Tuesday (20th October).

SCRIPTING INFORMATION:

Chris Froome fancies his chances of defending the Tour de France title on a route that should suit his all-around riding skills.

Two individual time trials and 28 tough climbs will be on the 2016 Tour de France's 3,519-kilometre (2,186-mile) route, which was revealed in France on Tuesday.

Froome, who also won in 2013, is strong both on climbs and in individual time trials, making him an early favourite for 2016.

An ascent of Mont Ventoux in Provence on Bastille Day (14th July) will test the best climbers.

Froome was the stage winner when the Tour last scaled the Ventoux's barren, 1,909-metre (6,263-feet) peak in 2013 and he will be eyeing that stage for another victory.

The Mont-Saint-Michel, a Benedictine abbey perched on a rock off the Normandy coast, will provide a picture-postcard start for the race.

The first stage ends at Utah Beach, where Allied troops landed on D-Day in 1944.

The first taste of the mountains will come on stage five, in the Massif Central.

From there, there will be little respite on the next 15 stages before the last ride into Paris.

The first of the time trial on stage 13, a day after the Ventoux ascent, combines two short climbs, long flats and a tricky descent over 37 kilometres (23 miles).

Riders hoping to win time-trial gold the following month at the Olympics Games in Rio de Janeiro will be able to use that tough course to gauge their form.

After the Pyrenees, where the Tour will dip into Spain and Andorra, the final placings will be decided in the Alps and neighbouring Switzerland before the finish in Paris on 24th of July.

Paris, France - 20th October, 2015.

1. 00:00 Wide pan from media to riders in audience

2. 00:06 Close of defending champion Chris Froome

3. 00:11 Mid of riders

4. 00:15 Wide pan of conference hall

5. 00:24 SOUNDBITE: (English) Christopher Froome, 2013 and 2015 Tour de France champion

"I think it's, it's a great parkour (course) for the next year's Tour de France. I think it really does challenge in every aspect of cycling. The time trials, the mountains.... tricky technical descent also. So, I mean it really is going to take a complete cyclist to win next year's Tour de France."

6. 00:47 Various of Tour de France route presentation

7. 01:05 Mid of Christian Prudhomme, Tour de France director, talking to journalists

8. 01:09 SOUNDBITE: (French) Christian Prudhomme, Tour de France director:

"It is true that for those who feel physically strong but that are not too sure about their nerves, who are afraid that the pressure (of the race) can drop down, having a major stage starting from Wednesday (day five), well that will take off the pressure that they feel because they will be less together with others, because the differences between riders will be already established. I believe that this Tour is for those who dare."

9. 01:31 Various of presentation

10. 01:42 SOUNDBITE: (French) Christian Prudhomme, Tour de France director :

"Our will was that everything can be done at the last moment... with the mountain stage just a day before the end at Champs Elysees. We already did it couple of times, but this is the first time you will have a mountain peak and a descent (in the same stage). I insist that one should be good in climbing but also in descents in the incoming Tour de France."

11. 02:07 Various of riders on stage

12. 02:25 SOUNDBITE: (English) Mark Cavendish, winner of 26 Tour de France stages

"It's a grand tour, it always favours someone who can climb and time trial. I think the two long time trials will be uphill time trial and the hard one will favour an all-rounder really, like a grand tour contender. It's simple as, it's the greatest bike race in the World. As a sprinter, it's a very hard race. (It) Provides six opportunities for a sprint and apart from that it's really difficult for us."

13. 02:53 Mid of Thibault Pinot being interviewed

14. SOUNDBITE: (French) Thibault Pinot, 2014 Tour de France top young rider

"I am really happy with the parkour (course). I think that climbers will take pleasure with two time trials that are really difficult, but there is less danger than the last year. I think it will be nice."

15. 03:09 Wide of presentation.

Chris Froome on Tuesday (17th October) said the opening nine stages of the Tour de France could be dangerous for riders as the route for the 2018 edition was released.

SCRIPTING INFORMATION:

Defending champion Chris Froome can expect a stern challenge from Dutch rider Tom Dumoulin in next year's Tour de France.

Froome is chasing a record-equalling fifth victory to move level with Belgian great Eddy Merckx, French riders Jacques Anquetil and Bernard Hinault, and Spanish great Miguel Indurain.

Froome and Dumoulin won the three Grand Tours this year, with Froome adding the Spanish Vuelta and Dumoulin winning the Giro d'Italia.

The 105th edition of the Tour features a hilly 31-kilometre (19-mile) time trial through the Basque country on the penultimate day.

Froome is a specialist, but Dumoulin is the reigning world time trial champion.

The 32-year-old Froome is still in his prime, while the 26-year-old Dumoulin is approaching his.

The race starts on July 7 — a week later than usual because of the football World Cup in Russia — and opens with a flat 189-kilometre (117-mile) route for sprinters from Noirmoutier-en-l'ile to Fontenay-le-Comte in the Vendee region, on the Atlantic coast.

With the time trial returning after being omitted the last two years, Froome's Team Sky will be confident of creating early time gaps on Stage 3 — a 35-kilometre (21.7-mile) route starting and ending in Cholet in Western France.

But Sky faces tough competition, because Dumoulin's Sunweb team is the reigning TTT world champion.

The Tour route, which goes clockwise, features 25 mountain climbs — ranging from the relatively difficult Category 2 to Category 1 and the daunting Hors Categorie (beyond classification).

Eleven are in the Alps, four in the Massif central region and 10 in the Pyrenees.

The Tour also has more time bonuses on offer in flat stages over the 3,329-kilometre (2,064-mile) course.

The difficult climbs start on Stage 10, the first of three straight days of gruelling Alpine ascents.

But organisers have preceded that with a tricky ninth stage that could shake up the peloton.

It takes riders over 15 treacherous cobblestone sections: the highest number since the 1980 Tour, with nearly 22 kilometres (13.6 miles) altogether.

The Roubaix cobbles may perhaps trouble Froome.

The cobbles are followed by a rest day on July 16, and Froome had better make the most of it because the Alps start brutally the day after.

Stage 10 on July 17 has four difficult climbs on a 159-kilometre (98.6-mile) route from Annecy to Le Grand Bornand.

They include a punchy ascent of Montee du plateau de Glieres, featuring for the first time.

The third day of Alpine climbing begins with Col de la Madeleine, then Croix de Fer and ends with an ascent of l'Alpe d'Huez: three of the Tour's most well-known.

Dumoulin is not in Froome's class as a climber, but is not so easy to drop.

Whether he can stay with Froome through the Pyrenees, however, will prove crucial to his chances.

Three tough days of climbing in the Pyrenees starts with Stage 16 on July 24: a daunting 218-kilometre (135-mile) route from Carcassone to Bagneres-de-Luchon that follows the second rest day.

Stage 17 is short at 65 kilometres (40 miles) but cruel, with three consecutive nasty climbs, ending with an attack up Col de Portet.

Stage 19 has four ascents and then ends with a potentially treacherous 20-kilometre (12.4-mile) descent to test the concentration of tired riders.

Whoever is freshest after that will have a better chance of challenging Froome in the time trial.

The 21-stage race ends with its customary processional Sunday finish on the Champs-Elysees.

Paris, France. 17th October 2017

1. 00:00 2017 Tour de France winner Christ Froome walking towards his seat in front row and sitting between French cyclist Romain Bardet and double Tour de France winner Alberto Contador

2. 00:07 Froome talking to Contador

3. 00:13 Wide of road racing cyclists in front row with (from right to left) Mark Cavendish, Simon Yates, Nairo Quintana, Alberto Contador, Chris Froome

4. 00:18 Bardet

5. 00:23 Wide of conference hall with map on screen

6. 00:28 Wide of crowd

7. 00:33 Wide of map of 2018 Tour de France

8. 00:39 Attendees filming presentation with smart phones and clapping

9. 00:55 Wide of Froome recording video message

10. 01:01 Froome

11. 01:06 Tour de France logo

12. 01:11 SOUNDBITE: (English) Chris Froome, four-time Tour de France winner and reigning champion:

"The first 8 or 9 days up in the north of France without any really big mountains, could lead to a very nervous and very dangerous first part of the race especially when it's still very close together in the General classification and got the cobbles and a section of dirt road as well. It's definitely going to take a lot of preparation, a lot of homework to get ready for this year's Tour."

13. 01:41 Bardet on phone

14. 01:46 SOUNDBITE: (French) Romain Bardet, third place finisher in 2017 Tour de France:

"Clearly it's going to be (close) – I guess it depends on the weather, but even in dry weather, there's going to be a skimming of the pack and there will be some serious losses. It could lead to one or two racers taking advantage of it and build a strong lead, but in any case, there is going to be some damage. To me, a Tour de France winner must have some luck the year he wins, but also be capable of facing all these different terrains. It's going to be a key stage."

15. 02:25 Cutaway

16. 02:30 SOUNDBITE: (French) Warren Barguil, Polka dot jersey winner in 2017 Tour de France:

"It's great – a nice stage. 65 kilometres. People say 65 kilometres, but with three mountain passes. 65 kilometres on a flat course, we could do that in about 1 hour 15 minutes, but I think there, it'll be a two and a half hour race. Or I guess it will be two hours or two hours and a quarter. It's not going to be easy."

17. 02:50 Christian Prudhomme talking to reporters

18. 02:55 SOUNDBITE: (French) Christian Prudhomme, Tour de France General Director:

"There will be a determining factor for the teams since there'll only be 8 cyclists – the choice of the 7th and 8th racer will be crucial because it's divided in two halves with 10 days in the plain and 10 days in the mountains. A cyclist like Belgian Champion Oliver Naesen was a totally decisive element for Romain Bardet in the Romans stage. Who will be the Oliver Naesen in each team? The guy who will – or Wout Poels for Chris Froome at the Alpe d'Huez in 2015. The cyclist who will be decisive at a certain moment for his leader."

19. 03:27 Prudhomme on stage

20. 03:34 Conference hall

SOURCE: SNTV

DURATION: 03.38

Team Sky's Tour de France leader Chris Froome spoke to SNTV on Monday (17th July).

SCRIPTING INFORMATION:

Chris Froome went into the second rest day on Monday (17th July) as the leader of this Tour de France after 15 stages.

The Brit is 18 seconds ahead of Fabrio Aru (Astana), 23 seconds ahead of Romain Bardet (AG2R) and 29 seconds ahead of Rigoberto Uran (Cannondale).

Froome had a rough day on Sunday's (16th July) stage from Laissac-Severac l'Eglise to Le Puy-En-Velay, losing time because of a bike problem.

In another day of drama in a 104th Tour full of twists, Froome broke a back-wheel spoke at the worst possible time on stage 15 - just as his top rivals were picking up speed in front of him going into yet another punishing climb.

But, after recovering from the misfortune, Froome now takes the jersey and an 18-second lead over Aru into Monday's rest day, the last of two at the Tour, ahead of a crucial last week of racing in the Alps and with a time trial in Marseille.

Froome is aiming to win his third Tour de France in a row this year, as well as a fourth crown overall.

Le Puy-en-Velay, France. 17th July 2017

1. 00:00 Medium shot of Chris Froome

2. 00:07 Close up shot of Chris Froome

3. 00:11 Wide shot photographers with Froome pan right to left

4. 00:18 SOUNDBITE: (French) Chris Froome, Team Sky:

(on four cyclists being within 29 seconds of him):

"Yes, you're right this is true, it's still very open in the main field. There are still two difficult stages in the mountains and obviously the time trial in Marseille. So there are still three days which make it very difficult for the leaders. "

5. 00:51 Wide shot Froome in mixed zone

6. 00:57 SOUNDBITE: (French) Chris Froome, Team Sky:

(Q: What will be your strategy in this last week? Attack or wait?)

"In the Pyrenees, I had a very difficult day and I lost a little bit of time. So, we need to use the team. We already saw that I have the best team-mates. We're the best team in this Tour de France. They have already done an amazing job so far, they kept this yellow jersey for me. Yesterday when I had a problem with my bike, they did a very good job. It's because of them I'm still in yellow. "

7. 01:41 Close up of Froome in presser

8. 01:50 Wide shot same action

9. 01:56 SOUNDBITE: (English) Chris Froome, Team Sky:

(Q: Which of your rivals do you fear the most?)

"Each rival presents different threats.If you look at Fabio Aru, he won the first mountain top finish on La Planche des Belles Filles. He perhaps didn't have such a good day a couple of days ago. But he's been strong in the third week before so we'll have to wait and see how he goes. Romain Bardet has always been strong in the last week of a grand tour. He's also got the team to back him up. As we saw yesterday he put me under a lot of pressure. We really had to use the whole team to control that situation. Rigoberto Uran, maybe more of the dark horse who has slips under the radar a little bit. He's probably the strongest time triallist of this group of GT riders. With Marseille in mind, he's a big threat as well."

10. 03:03 Wide shot of Froome leaving presser

11. 03:16 SOUNDBITE: (English) Chris Froome, Team Sky:

(Q: How much time can you lose in the Alps ahead of the time trial in Marseille? )

"I'm certainly not going to give any seconds away for free. As I had a bad day in the Pyrenees, it could be the case again in the Alps. I'm feeling better and better as the race goes on. These last few days, even with yesterday's stage, I felt pretty good yesterday. Hopefully that's a sign of timing things right and coming into the tour really fresh. I hope this third week I'll be at my best."

12. 03:50 Wide shot Froome walking to his bus.

13. 03:58 Wide shot of Froome getting out his bus and signing autographs.

14. 04:11 Close up of signing.

15. 04:18 Close up of Froome on bike.

16. 04:27 Wide shot team going to training.

SOURCE: SNTV.

DURATION: 04:43.

Team Ineos rider Geraint Thomas said on Monday's rest day that he is "itching to go" ahead of the final week of racing at the 2019 Tour de France.

Second-placed Thomas gained 27 seconds on yellow jersey holder Julian Alaphilippe on Sunday's stage 15, as a late attack saw him distance the Frenchman towards the Prat d'Albis summit finish.

Three big mountain days are still left to race before the Tour's traditional conclusion in Paris, and Thomas will be intent on making further inroads into Alaphilippe's lead, which stands at one minute and 35 seconds.

On Saturday, the Welshman had lost crucial time on the Col du Tourmalet, but his response on Sunday kept him in contention as he bids to retain the Tour de France title.

Tuesday's 177 kilometre relatively flat stage 16 in Nimes is likely to see a bunch sprint finish.

Nimes, France. 22nd July 2019.

1. 00:00 Various of Geraint Thomas entering news conference

2. 00:15 Geraint Thomas (left), Team Ineos general manager Dave Brailsford (centre) and Egan Bernal (right) in news conference

3. 00:23 SOUNDBITE (English): Geraint Thomas, Team Ineos rider:

(About taking time out of Julian Alaphilippe's lead on Sunday and looking ahead to the Alps)

"We stick together. I think obviously yesterday (Sunday), I said on the radio that I didn't feel great coming into the last climb. As it turns out, I did feel great at the top. But, yeah, I think the main thing is, going into the Alps now, I feel motivated to get there and really try and finish this Tour off well. It has been slightly up and down here, for sure, and race compared to last year. But the main thing for me is that I finished strongly yesterday (Sunday), and I am really just itching to go now. I much prefer the Alps - I have got a lot better memories from there for obvious reasons. Yeah, I'm just looking forward to it."

4. 01:16 SOUNDBITE (English): Geraint Thomas, Team Ineos rider:

(About managing his effort to remain in contention overall and the soaring temperatures in France this week)

"Yeah, yesterday (Sunday), like I say, I finished really strongly so, yeah, it's not an issue. If that is my bad day, to lose 30 seconds on the Tourmalet, is quite a good day really. And like Dave (Brailsford) said, you win a Grand Tour by being good all the way through, and managing your effort all the way through, not going into that deep, deep red zone often - save that for the final day or two. So I feel like I have managed that effort really well so far and I'm feeling good for it. Yeah I'm looking forward to the Alps now and, altitude-wise like in training in Tenerife, a drop off of watts is never really as much as most people so I'm relishing that opportunity and the heat, it is the same for everyone. I have ridden in that heat Down Under (Australia) numerous times over the years and got used it, so it is no problem."

5. 02:23 SOUNDBITE (English): Geraint Thomas, Team Ineos rider:

(About Team Ineos' performances in this year's Tour de France)

"Egan (Bernal) is fifth and I am second. I think we are still doing pretty well. Ok, yeah, we are not in the yellow and we are not riding on the front all day everyday. But like Dave (Brailsford) said, there is more than one way to win the Tour and this situation is completely different, and we don't have to pull when there are other teams that want to do it as well. So I think we are still in a super strong position the boys as well... Dylan (van Barrle) for instance, has been incredible, the way he has been going this year. I think he has been one of the standout guys in our team. I think everyone has ups and downs and I think it is how you deal with that. But, yeah, I am confident that we are all in great shape and a great position, and looking forward to some big Alpine climbs."

6. 03:22 SOUNDBITE (Spanish): Egan Bernal, Team Ineos rider:

(About Nairo Quintana telling his team he was having some difficulties during the Col du Tourmalet, but Alejandro Valverde said that he did not mention anything)

"I think it is easier when you have good communication with the rest of the team. That has happened before, and he (Nairo Quintana) has always has been very honest. As a fellow Colombian, he told me that he was not in the best condition. I have been ahead of Nairo in the race. I think it is good for the race and for the teams (to have that competition and communication between riders). In my case, if I am ahead (in the race) maybe other riders could have some doubts, because a rider from Ineos is ahead and they do not want to help me out. I think there is a lot of strategy around, but again, the leader in our team is Geraint (Thomas) and we will give our all for him."

When members of the cheese-making Bricard family say they're working to keep wolves from the door, they mean it literally.

The mountain pastures where their milk-producing goats feed, high in the Alps where the Tour de France was reaching its climax this week, are also home to wolves that will gobble up tasty livestock animals if they get the chance. Cyril Bricard says he's already lost several sheep to the predators.

So he has sheepdogs Oursone and Nele standing guard. Raised as pups to live with the Bricards' flock, which they protect as fiercely as family, the chunky dogs with a don't-mess-with-me bark roam with the goats as they nibble on wildflowers and mountain grasses that lend their flavor to the Bricards' rich, tasty cheeses.

Also lending a paw is Follow, a zealous Border Collie extremely serious about his job of herding the goats to wherever the Bricards want them to go. Goats that don't move swiftly — Look sharp! On the double! — out of the milking pen after their udders have been emptied of warm, creamy milk risk a nip at the heels from the bossy dog.

"The dogs are very important for us," Bricard said. "Both the guard dogs that protect the flock against predators and the Border Collies that help move the flock and take the goats where we want them."

"It's true that we'd sometimes be in trouble without the dogs."

Valmeinier, France, 26 July 2019

1. Follow, a Border Collie, riding the back of a quad bike driven by livestock and cheese farmer Cyril Bricard to pastures above the Alpine town of Valmeinier

2. Livestock and cheese farmer Cyril Bricard riding his quad to pastures above the Alpine town of Valmeinier

3. Sheepdog Oursone barking with the flock of Cyril Bricard in pastures above the Alpine town of Valmeinier

4. Cyril Bricard in his refrigerated cheese reserve at the Mont Thabor farm in the Alpine town of Valmeinier

5. Livestock and cheese farmer Cyril Bricard with his flock of goats in pastures above the Alpine town of Valmeinier

6. Livestock and cheese farmer Cyril Bricard in an AP interview with his flock of goats in pastures above the Alpine town of Valmeinier

7. SOUNDBITE, CYRIL BRICARD, (French): "The dogs are very important for us. Both the guard dogs that protect the flock against predators and the Border Collies that help move the flock

and take the goats where we want them and avoid the areas where they're not allowed to go. It's true that we'd sometimes be in trouble without the dogs."

8. Close-up of sheepdog Oursone at the Mont Thabor farm in the Alpine town of Valmeinier (PARTIALLY COVERS SOUNDBITE)

9. Follow, a Border Collie, marshalling goats after they have been milked at the Mont Thabor farm in the Alpine town of Valmeinier (PARTIALLY COVERS SOUNDBITE)

10. Livestock and cheese farmer Cyril Bricard in an AP interview with his flock of goats in pastures above the Alpine town of Valmeinier

11.  Follow, a Border Collie, riding the back of a quad bike driven by livestock and cheese farmer Cyril Bricard to pastures above the Alpine town of Valmeinier

Tour de France leader and home favourite Julian Alaphilippe said on Monday's rest day that he and his team have "changed the plan" as he bids to preserve the "honour" of wearing the yellow jersey.

Quick-Step rider Alaphilippe has the weight of home expectation to become France's first Tour champion for 34 years, and that pressure showed during Sunday's stage 15 when current champion, Team Ineos' Thomas, gained 27 seconds on the 27-year-old.

Alaphilippe is prepared to adapt his approach to stay out in front, with his lead over second-placed Thomas now at one minute and 35 seconds.

The Frenchman said that lead is "almost nothing", given the mountainous route the Tour will take before Sunday's traditional conclusion in Paris.

Tuesday's 177 kilometre relatively flat stage 16 in Nimes is likely to see a bunch sprint finish.

Nimes, France. 22nd July 2019.

1. 00:00 Julian Alaphilippe enters news conference

2. 00:07 Wide of news conference

3. 00:15 SOUNDBITE (English): Julian Alaphilippe, Quick-Step rider:

(About how he will change his approach to preserve his lead in the yellow jersey)

"For sure, it is really a big honour to be in yellow during the Tour. So we have changed the plan and we defend it. I give everything every day, like you see. I don't go in a breakaway now. I ride like the leader of the Tour de France, so I don't know what will happen over the next days, but for sure I will continue to defend the jersey. My team also, like yesterday (Sunday), they did a really great job again and I am looking forward to starting the last week."

4. 01:01 SOUNDBITE (French): Julian Alaphilippe, Quick-Step rider:

(About the difficult stages which lie ahead in the Alps)

"The more we move closer to Paris, the more my feeling is different and special. I am realistic about the fact that there are only difficult stages ahead. I already knew this situation before. I did not stop saying that the hardest was still to come. It started at the Tourmalet where I really surprised myself. Yesterday (Sunday), we saw that it was a very difficult stage too. It will be hard until the end. I don't want to dream but I'm sure I'll do my best."

5. 01:36 SOUNDBITE (French): Julian Alaphilippe, Quick-Step rider:

(About how his lead remains a precarious one ahead of the final week of racing)

"One minute and 30 seconds advantage is a lot and, at the same time, nothing considering the next few stages. It is possible to have a failure and lose so much time in a (mountain) pass of 15, 20 per cent or even more, because the stage of Val Thorens is such a difficult climb to the summit. When you look at the profile of the next stages, a lead of one minute 30 seconds is almost nothing."

6. 02:01 SOUNDBITE (French): Julian Alaphilippe, Quick-Step rider:

(About another Frenchman, Thibaut Pinot, and his approach in the mountains)

"Thibaut Pinot showed over the last few days that he is in exceptional form in the mountains. He can count on a very strong team (Groupama) around him. So I think he will continue to attack and ride in that way to make a difference. It is in his interest to do that."

SHOTLIST:

Paris, France. October 18th, 2011.

1. 00:00 Alberto Contador arriving for presentation of the Tour de France 2012.

2. 00:08 Wide of Contador seated, surrounded by photographers and cameramen.

3. 00:14 Zoom out Andy Schleck seated, surrounded by photographers and cameramen.

4. 00:24 Wide shot of stage and audience to zoom in to Christian Prudhomme arriving on stage.

5. 00:35 Animated graphic on screen showing the route of the beginning of the Tour de France 2012.

6. 00:53 Mid shot of Cadel Evans watching.

7. 01:00 Animated graphic on screen showing the route of the end of the Tour de France 2012.

8. 01:24 Tilt down map of France with route of the Tour de France 2012.

9. 01:31 Mid shot of famous Tour de France racing cyclists on stage.

10. 01:36 Pan of famous Tour de France racing cyclists on stage.

11. 01:44 Christian Prudhomme talking to journalists.

12. 01:50 SOUNDBITE: (French) Christian Prudhomme, Director of the Tour de France.

13. 02:29 Mid shot of Prudhomme and other officials on stage.

14. 02:34 SOUNDBITE: (English) Cadel Evans, Winner of the 2011 Tour de France.

15. 02:56 Panning shot of officials on stage.

16. 03:02 SOUNDBITE: (English) Alberto Contador, Winner of the 2010 Tour de France.

17. 03:27 Wide of stage with cyclists and officials, map of France with route of the Tour de France 2012 in the background.

STORYLINE:

The 2012 Tour de France promises steeper climbs, longer stages and more time trials it was revealed when the official route was unveiled at a glittering ceremony in Paris on Tuesday (October 18th).

The Tour's 99th edition, which starts June 30th in Liege, Belgium, will feature nearly 100 kilometres (62 miles) of individual time trials and 25 tough mountain climbs over a total of 3,479 kilometres (2,162 miles).

Following the announcement competitors quickly analysed the route, and tried to gauge their chances.

SUGGESTED VOICEOVER:

The route that the 2012 Tour de France will take was unveiled at a glittering ceremony in Paris on Tuesday.

The Tour's 99th edition, which starts June 30th in Liege, Belgium, will feature nearly 100 kilometres (62 miles) of individual time trials and 25 tough mountain climbs.

The super-steep Planche des Belles Filles in eastern France, with a patch of a staggering 20-degree gradient, is but one of nearly a half-dozen new mountain climbs for the Tour.

Riders will also struggle up the Col de la Croix in the Jura mountains of Switzerland - a 3.7-kilometre climb with an average gradient of 9.2 percent.

A group of cycling stars lined the front row of the glitzy presentation; with defending Tour de France champion Cadel Evans in attendance, alongside new world champion Mark Cavendish of Britain, brothers Andy and Frank Schleck - who finished this year second and third behind Evans - and Belgium's Philippe Gilbert, the top-ranked rider this year in the International Cycling Union scale.

SOUNDBITE: (French).

"It is a Tour de France that was built with lots of new things. We are between historical editions: on one hand, the 2010 centenary of Pyrennees, the 2011 centenary of the summit Col du Galibier and on the other hand the 100th edition of the Tour in 2013. And here we clearly are on the chapter of novelty, with new passes in some mountains like the Jura or the Vosges where you don't necessarily expect to have some mountain passes so difficult, so high gradients. So, this Tour is really designed for attackers, for people who attack from farther out. There are a bit more mountains passes, fewer summit finishes, more time trials. It is really done in a way so people will have to fight hard if they want to win de Tour de France. It was designed for this matter anyway."

SUPER CAPTION: Christian Prudhomme, Director of the Tour de France.

Following the announcement competitors quickly analysed the route, and tried to gauge their chances.

SOUNDBITE: (English).

"On paper it looks like a mix of everything - especially the first week and around Liege and those stages it is a little bit Amstel Gold Race, it's a little bit Bastogne-Liege style of racing and then you get into bigger mountains and, of course, longer and probably flatter Time Trials I'm assuming. So you come to a different style of racing there."

SUPER CAPTION: Cadel Evans, winner of the 2011 Tour de France

However, 2010 Tour de France champion Alberto Contador didn't seem too keen on the route.

SOUNDBITE: (English).

"No, but it is not the best for me. Maybe it is better for Cadel Evans, it is more for the rider that goes very very strong in the time trials and, maybe for me, I need to attack before the time trial and not for the other riders. Okay, this is the race and we need to be training hard to fight for the victory."

SUPER CAPTION: Alberto Contador, winner of the 2010 Tour de France.

The 2011 Tour de France gets underway in Liege, Belgium on June 30th.

Reaction after Marcel Kittel won the first stage of the 2014 Tour de France in Harrogate, England on Saturday (July 5th).

SCRIPTING INFORMATION:

Germany's Marcel Kittel spoke to the media on Saturday, after winning the opening stage of the Tour de France in Harrogate.

Kittel beat Peter Sagan to the line in a sprint finish and won the opening stage of cycling's greatest race for a second year in succession.

The vast British crowd had hoped to see Mark Cavendish claim the stage win in the town where his mother was born, but it was not to be for the 'Manx Missile'.

Cavendish crashed inside the final 250 metres after colliding with Simon Gerrans and the Briton's continuing participation in this year's race is now in the balance.

Popular rider Jens Voigt of Germany, who is now 42 years old, led the way over two of the day's climbs to claim the 'King of the Mountains' competition's polka dot jersey - a fabled garment he first wore 16 years ago in the 1998 Tour de France.

Harrogate, Yorkshire, England - July 5th, 2014.

1. 00:00 Various of spectators at the finish line

2. 00:15 British Prime Minister David Cameron with his son

3. 00:20 Stage winner Marcel Kittel

4. 00:26 SOUNDBITE: (English) Marcel Kittel, stage winner (on winning the first stage of the Tour de France for a second year in a row):

"It's a great win because I think it's harder to win a second time in a row and the team did a great, great job. I think we did a perfect lead out today. We had no big chaos in the final. It was a really nice victory and I'm really happy I can give that jersey back to the boys for their hard work."

5. 00:50 Stage winner Marcel Kittel

6. 00:53 SOUNDBITE: (English) Marcel Kittel, stage winner (on how the stage developed):

"It was a very tough one. The good thing was together with the other sprinter teams we could control the day, make it an easy day. The breakaway was going really quick, we could control it, go relatively easy through the mountain qualifications. That was very important to make a mass sprint with fresh sprinters and it could have been different, but I'm of course happy that it was like that."

7. 01:24 Stage winner Marcel Kittel celebrates with his friends

8. 01:43 SOUNDBITE: (English) Marcel Kittel, stage winner (on Mark Cavendish's crash in the final sprint):

"That's of course absolutely not what we want as riders here. I hope that he gets well soon, that there is no serious injury. It's of course very disappointing to crash in a sprint like this in front of his home crowd. The risk for a crash is always there and I wish to see him tomorrow at the start and wish him all the best."

9. 02:10 'King of the Mountains' leader Jens Voigt

10. 02:16 SOUNDBITE: (English) Jens Voigt, 'King of the Mountains' leader (on why he broke away early in the race by himself):

"If I want that jersey I should go now. I should make it a long hard, nasty, sticky effort. Because that's what I'm good at. Whatever is nasty and sticky is good for me. Whatever makes the race hard is good for me. I could successfully manage to drop them two and took the other two mountains. But I was tired. At the end of the last climb I was like 'oi, oi, oi, what was I thinking?'. But that's OK, I've got the jersey and I'm happy."

11. 02:47 Trek Factory racing team bus

12. 02:51 SOUNDBITE: (French) Jens Voigt, 'King of the Mountains' leader:

For the benefit of our French-language clients.

13. 03:04 Stage runner-up Peter Sagan speaking to the media

14. 03:10 SOUNDBITE: (English) Peter Sagan, Stage one runner-up (on the final sprint):

"The last climb, it was also good because the group was in the line, but then also it was dangerous, and there was one crash and, yes.... After, I was thinking we (had) come to the sprint, so when (Fabian) Cancellara attacked, but.... I'm happy for second place and yes, the Tour de France it's a long way to come to Paris."

15. 03:44 Bretagne team car.

At the Tour de France, the tough ascents riders must make through the Alps and Pyrenees mountains are always decisive in helping to weed out the winners from the also-rans.

But this year, they could have an even greater bearing than normal on the outcome of cycling's showcase race.

For the first time in the history of the 116-year-old cycling test of endurance, Tour de France organizers have peppered the route with three stages that finish on mountain climbs to above 2,000 meters, or 6,500 feet.

The thinning air at altitude will have a cascade of physiological repercussions on the riders' straining, tired bodies. They'll find it harder to breathe. They'll lose power. Their muscles will get sore faster.

Geraint Thomas, the 2018 Tour de France champion who will be seeking to defend his title at this year's race that starts July 6 in Belgium, says riding above 2,000 meters is especially trying.

"When you ride over 2,000 meters, you definitely feel the difference, compared to say 1,000 or lower," he told The Associated Press as he was training for this year's race.

"Basically, like, you just can't do the same powers that you do at sea level. It is just like a thinner sort of air, really, up there. You can just tell like when you're breathing, you're just not getting quite as much oxygen in the lungs as you normally would," he said.

Only the fittest and those most adapted to the mountains are likely to do well. The Tour de France director told The AP that he believes 22-year-old Colombian rider Egan Bernal might thrive on this year's mountainous route. Bernal is a teammate of Thomas' at Team INEOS.

"We know that riders can react differently above 2,000 meters," Tour director Christian Prudhomme told the AP in an interview looking ahead to the race. "But most of us believe the Colombians won't be any less good at 2,000 meters and Bernal, obviously, is Colombian."

But the punishing ascents, the thinning mountain air, the often dangerous snaking descents at speed and the expected heat of the French summer can all combine to also knock race favorites out of contention.

Indeed, the only thing that is ever certain about the Tour de France's climbs is that even the strongest riders are never guaranteed of getting through them unscathed.

Various locations - 1958 

1. Footage from AP's Movietone Archive of peloton riding at the 1958 Tour de France

2. Footage from AP's Movietone Archive of two riders at the 1958 Tour de France

3. Footage of solitary rider and motorbikes from AP's Movietone Archive of the 1958 Tour de France

4. Footage from AP's Movietone Archive of several riders descending at the 1958 Tour de France

Various locations - 1961

5. Aerial footage from AP's Movietone Archive of race ascending mountain pass at the 1961 Tour de France

6. Aerial footage from AP's Movietone Archive of race crossing mountain pass at the 1961 Tour de France

Various locations - 1975

7. Footage from AP's video archive of riders ascending mountain pass at the 1975 Tour de France

8. Footage from AP's video archive of riders ascending mountain pass at the 1975 Tour de France

9. Footage of solitary cyclist and mountain scenery from AP's video archive of the 1975 Tour de France

Saint-Lary-Soulan Portet pass, France - 25 July 2019

10. Still photo of Geraint Thomas in the race leader's yellow jersey at the 2018 Tour de France

Location not provided - 20 June 2019

11.  SOUNDBITE (English) Tour de France champion Geraint Thomas, speaking in a June 20, 2019, Whatsapp message to AP:

"When you ride over 2,000 meters, you definitely feel the difference, compared to say 1,000 or lower. Basically, like, you just can't do the same powers that you do at sea level. It is just like a thinner sort of air, really, up there. You can just tell like when you're breathing, you're just not getting quite as much oxygen in the lungs as you normally would."

2018 - Location and exact date not available

12. Still photo of Geraint Thomas in the race leader's yellow jersey and other riders at the 2018 Tour de France

13. Still photo of Geraint Thomas in the race leader's yellow jersey at the 2018 Tour de France

Location not available - 1961

14. Footage from AP's Movietone Archive of rider racing up mountain pass at the 1961 Tour de   France

15. Footage from AP's Movietone Archive of spectators around road sign indicating the Tourmalet pass in the Pyrenees at the 1961 Tour de France

Location  not available - 2007

16.  Still photo of pack of riders speeding down the Iseran pass in the French Alps at the 2007 Tour de France

2018 - Location and exact date not available

17.  Still photo of Colombian rider Egan Bernal at the 2018 Tour de France

2019 - Location and exact date not available

18. Close up of Tour de France director Christian Prudhomme in AP interview on June 19, 2019

19. Medium of Tour de France director Christian Prudhomme in AP interview on June 19, 2019

20.  SOUNDBITE (French/annotated translation in English) Tour de France director Christian Prudhomme in AP interview on June 19, 2019 "We know that riders can react differently above 2,000 meters. But most of us believe the Colombians won't be any less good at 2,000 meters and Bernal, obviously, is Colombian."

2018 - Location and exact date not available

21. Still photo of Colombian rider Egan Bernal, in white, and Geraint Thomas, wearing the overall race leader's yellow jersey, on the Alpe d'Huez climb in the French Alps at the 2018 Tour de France

Location not available - 1961

22. Footage from AP's Movietone Archive of the race on a mountain road at the 1961 Tour de France

23. Footage from AP's Movietone Archive of riders speeding through a tunnel on a mountain road at the 1961 Tour de France

24. Footage from AP's Movietone Archive of race vehicles speeding through a tunnel on a mountain road at the 1961 Tour de France

25. Footage from AP's Movietone Archive of rider climbing past spectators on a mountain road at the 1961 Tour de France

26. Footage from AP's Movietone Archive of lone rider in the fog on a mountain road at the 1961 Tour de France

SHOTLIST:

Col de la Colombiere, Haute Savoie - July 30, 2007

1 Various of cattle and young shepherd

2. Sign on hillside reading "94 sheep have been killed by the wolf here"

3. Various cardboard sheep

4. Set-up shepherd

5. SOUNDBITE: (French) Michel Teppaz, Shepherd:

"We brought them up on Saturday and by Sunday morning six were already killed. Three days later we lost another three or four, and then it went on like that throughout the month of June until 25 were slaughtered, so I had to bring them all down, and the owner took them back."

6. Various Michel herding goats along the mountain to their pen.

7. Various goats in pen

8. Various goat's milk being poured into a vat

9. SOUNDBITE: (French) Michel Teppaz, Shepherd:

"This could well result in a fight, because if we leave it like this after a few years we'll be invaded. The mothers will have little ones and it will just get worse."

10. Various cattle on mountainside

11. SOUNDBITE: (French) Dominic Dallaire, Visitor:

"The farmers talk a lot about it, it's a real problem. I have always thought that the solution would be perhaps to go back to a system using shepherds with dogs looking after the flock. I think that the problem with shepherds at the moment, if I am not mistaken, is that before they left their sheep up in the mountains alone and they carry on with another job at home. This improves their incomes. But now with the wolf they are obliged either to pay somebody or to look after their flock, so they are losing income, even with the subsidies, which are not enough."

12. Various cows' skins at a souvenir shop at Col de la Colombiere

13. Farmer on a tractor

14. SOUNDBITE: (French) Philip Missilier, Shepherd's Union FDSEA:

"I think that today in the Alps there are enough wolves and we don't think it is an endangered species any more. So we are asking to be able to defend ourselves and our flock and if a wolf comes we want to be able to kill it. "

18. Various wire fencing

19. SOUNDBITE: (French) Michel Roch, Tourist:

"To protect the flock they have called in dogs that are specially trained to protect the animals from wolves, but these dogs sometimes attack tourists and hikers, so this creates other problems. So we are back to the same point - wolves don't belong here, we don't want them."

20. Various mountain hikers

21. Merry-go-round

22. SOUNDBITE: (French) Mountain Guide (no name given):

"The attacks on the sheep in the Colombiere from what I know are not just the fault of wolves. There are also stray dogs in the area. Wolves don't pose a problem for us mountain guides, the clients are not scared. Wolves are a problem for the shepherds, it is sad because the sheep clean up the mountain, but we are not put out by them (wolves)."

27. Set-up Bernard Viu, President DDAF(Direction Departemental Agriculture Forets) Chambery

28. SOUNDBITE: Bernard Viu, President DDAF(Direction Departemental Agriculture Forets) Chambery:

"We could imagine that if all has been done to protect the flocks and the danger is imminent, if the wolf has already claimed victims, then it might be possible that the legislator would authorise what is called a "defence shot." We assume then that everything has been done to protect the flock and there is nothing left but to defend them military style with a gun shot."

30 Various shepherd and his dog at Col de la Colombiere.

LEAD IN:

Farmers in the French Alps say their livelihoods are in danger because wolves are devouring hundreds of sheep and goats.

Wolves are a protected species, but farmers are saying they've had enough and are demanding authorisation to shoot the animals.

STORYLINE :

It's late afternoon in the Col de la Colombiere, near Grand Bornand, in the French Alps and and it's bedtime for the cattle.

Farmer, Michel Teppaz usually allows his animals to snooze away the evenings out in the fields during the summer, but he and other farmers in the area are on red alert for a predator.

A wolf has been stalking the area for three years now.

According to farmers in the area, there were 1000 attacks and 4000 animal victims in 2005.

Last year (2006) there were 750 attacks and 2600 victims.

This year the numbers are rising again.

On one pass a desperate farmer has posted a slogan reading "94 sheep have been killed by the wolf here."

At a farm nearby 478 sheep were lost from a single flock during the first weekend of August.

Something frightened them to such an extent that one by one they jumped off the edge of a cliff.

Farmers are convinced it is the work of wolves.

Farmer Michel Teppaz says so many of the sheep he uses to graze his land were killed during the month of June that he had to take them down from the mountain sides.

Eventually the owner of the sheep took the surviving flock away from the area and there are no sheep left on the surrounding mountain pastures.

Now every afternoon Michel makes his way to the top of the mountainside to bring home his seventy remaining goats.

The trek takes four hours out of his working day.

He says his goats have been producing less milk since they have been forced to spend the night safely locked in their pen.

Michel says the only way to deal with the growing problem is to put up a fight.

Wolves were hunted to extinction in the French Alps in the 1930s. But in 1992 small numbers began to reappear, having crossed over the mountains from Italy.

Two years later the French authorities passed a law declaring the wolf a protected species.

Hefty fines and prison terms were imposed for anyone found guilty of killing one.

A regular visitor to the area suggests that shepherds should guard flocks constantly rather than allowing them to remain on the mountainside alone.

Farmers get approximately 100 Euros ($136) for each animal killed by a predator, but many believe their whole livelihoods will be at stake if wolves continue to be allowed to roam freely on their land.

Philip Missilier from France's largest Farmer's Union FDSEA says there are enough wolves in the Alps for them to be taken of the endangered species list.

He wants farmers to have the right to be able to kill wolves if they approach livestock.

Farmers have been introducing measures of defence such as electric fences and specially trained guard dogs.

But one tourist says this is bringing a completely new set of problems to the area.

He says the guard dogs have been known to attack hikers.

Local tour organisers do not seem to be troubled by the presence of wolves in the area.

One mountain guide says neither they nor the tourists are frightened by the wolves.

He says that there are also stray dogs on the mountain and they too could be responsible for killing livestock.

A dossier of demands for a change in the law sits on the desk of Bernard Viu, the director of DDAF, the French agriculture and forests authority.

He explains that farmers could fire a 'defence shot' provided all other measures had been carried out to ward off the wolf and that several animals had already fallen victim to it.

In past years farmers from the region have protested by blocking major routes with herds of sheep.

Although some fear they will soon not have enough sheep left even to do that.

The route for the 2015 Giro d'Italia was unveiled in Milan on Monday (6th October) and riders Cadel Evans, Alberto Contador and Michal Kwiatkowski looked ahead to the event.

SCRIPTING INFORMATION:

The Palazzo del Ghiaccio in Milan was the venue for a lavish presentation on Monday, as the route for the 2015 Giro d'Italia was unveiled.

It was described as a balanced route, which organisers believe will allow riders to compete in both the Tour de France as well as the Italian classic.

The 2015 Giro will take the riders on 21 stages from San Remo to Milan, via central Italy, the Dolomites and the Alps, over a total of 3,482 kilometres (2,163.6 miles) between May the 9th and 31st.

There will be five days in the high mountains, alongside seven medium mountain stages. There are also seven legs for the sprinters, and time trials for individuals and teams.

There are two rest days and relatively short transfer distances, which organisers hope will convince many of the big-name Grand Tour contenders to join Alberto Contador in riding both the Giro and Le Tour in 2015.

Contador announced last month that he would compete in both the Giro and the Tour next year.

The two-time Tour champion won the Giro in 2008 and was also triumphant in Milan in 2011 but was stripped of that title for a doping offence during the 2010 Tour.

Contador is aiming to become the first rider to win both the Giro and the Tour in the same year since Marco Pantani achieved that feat in 1998.

"It's a tough Giro, there will be a lot of of climbing arrivals after the easy beginning, it's a Giro with a great level of participants, and you will need to be very well prepared," he said.

The Spaniard was present at the unveiling, along with a number of his rivals, including Fabio Aru, Rigoberto Uran and new World Road Race champion Michal Kwiatkowski, as well as International Cycling Union President Brian Cookson.

"I know all the people going to look at me next year because I am representing my country Poland and of course cycling in total," Kwiatkowski said. "But honestly, I want to represent with honour the rainbow jersey, it's very important for me and yeah, I will try to be better next year."

Defending champion Nairo Quintana was absent as he recovers at home in Colombia after his crash at the Vuelta a Espana this year.

There are six mountain-top finishes, with the first - the Abetone - coming on stage five. However, the most daunting tests come in the final week, with finishes up Madonna di Campiglio, Aprica, Cervinia, and Sestriere.

The Aprica, at the end of stage 16, has maximum gradients of 15 per cent and comes just after the cyclists have scaled gradients of up to 18 per cent on the Mortirolo climb.

The penultimate stage up to Sestriere contains the highest peak of the Giro - the Colle delle Finestre - and is likely to decide the winner, with the final 185 kilometre (114.96-mile) leg from Torino to Milan set to be mainly an extended victory parade.

As well as a lengthy time trial, there are three days which stretch to more than 200 kilometres (124 miles), with the seventh stage from Grosseto to Fiuggi topping out at 263 kilometres (163.4 miles).

Palazzo del Ghiaccio, Milan, Italy. 6th October, 2014

1. 00:00 Wide shot exterior of Palazzo del Ghiaccio (Ice skating palace)

2. 00:07 Close up logo Giro d'Italia - Fight for the Pink

3. 00:11 Wide shot woman bringing the Giro trophy to the stage

4. 00:20 Wide shot logo presentation Giro d'italia

5. 00:26 Wide shot riders on the stage

6. 00:32 Wide shot Cadel Evans receiving a commemorative plate from Giro organisers

7. 00:38 Close up Cadel Evans with the plate saying "Cadel Evans - A Man, A Champion"

8. 00:44 SOUNDBITE (English) Cadel Evans:

"I look forward to enjoying riding my bike, without having to try to be the number one in the world, but at the same time I am sure I'm going to miss something of the racing, the adrenaline of racing, the chance to win, the chance to work with my team mates and being part of a winning team or winning for the team..."

9. 01:06 Close up poster of Evans

10. 01:12 SOUNDBITE (English) Cadel Evans:

"I have a family and friends and so on, and a life I've put aside... I've put a lot of things to one side that I've yet to enjoy."

11.01:23 Close up photo Evans

12. 01:28 SOUNDBITE (English) Cadel Evans:

"I continue working with my bike sponsor, BMC, being an ambassador, and I will be on my bike often, most days, probably not every day, but nearly every day. I'll be riding a lot, I'll be visiting quite a few races, and I certainly hope to be able to pass on some of my riding experience, especially to some of the younger Australian riders."

13. 01:50 Wide shot of Evans on stage

14. 01:55 SOUNDBITE (English) Cadel Evans:

"As you race... I started aged seventeen as a professional and you know, at some point you're going to have to stop, you're just not quite sure when. And sooner or later it arrives and yeah, now my moment has arrived."

15. 02:12 Mid shot Evans and Alberto Contador

16. 02:17 SOUNDBITE (Spanish) Alberto Contador:

"It's a tough Giro, there will be a lot of of climbing arrivals after the easy beginning, it's a Giro with a great level of participants, and you will need to be very well prepared."

17. 02:42 Mid shot Giro trophy

18. 02:48 SOUNDBITE (Spanish) Alberto Contador

(concerning the chance of riding in both the Giro and the Tour de France in the same season)

"I think it's possible even if hard. I will do my best and I will try them, we will see."

19. 03:01 Mid shot Giro Route 360 degree diagram

20. 03:08 SOUNDBITE (Spanish) Alberto Contador

(on the difference between the Giro and La Vuelta Espana)

"Giro Tour and Vuelta all together... each of them is special, Le Tour is the most important Race of the world, Giro is the most beautiful race in the world and Vuelta is the race of my country."

21. 03:23 Mid shot Evans, Contador and World Road Race champion Michal Kwiatkowski sitting together

22. 03:27 SOUNDBITE (English) Michal Kwiatkowski:

"I know all the people going to look at me next year because I am representing my country Poland and of course cycling in total, but honestly, I want to represent with honour the rainbow jersey, it's very important for me and yeah, I will try to be better next year."

23. 03:55 Close up first stage Giro logo

24. 03:56 SOUNDBITE (English) Michal Kwiatkowski:

"No, I think the Giro it's going to be, as they say, you know, the toughest race of the season, 3,500 kilometres, especially 59 kilometre time trial, it will be really, really tough but honestly I think the organisers of the Giro took a look at the riders because there is going to be less (shorter) transfer between the stages, so of course it's going to be less tough because of that, but in the end you know, it's a beautiful country, beautiful countryside, just amazing and all the riders love to race in Italy."

25. 04:39 Close up logo of final stage of 2015 Giro

26. 04:44 Close up logo of Giro route

27. 04:50 SOUNDBITE (English) Brian Cookson, International Cycling Union President:

"The European season has been fantastic, I think we have seen some fantastic winners, some new talent come through, we've seen some older riders restored to their greatest days so I am confident we're gonna have great season next year as well."

28. 00:58 SOUNDBITE (English) Brian Cookson, International Cycling Union President:

"I think we've got an absolutely classic Giro route there, I think we're gonna have some wonderful performances, some good flat stages for the sprinters, some medium mountain stages for the breakaway experts, some great summit finishes, really hard mountain stages and a very long time by the modern standards. I think that's going to be absolutely critical."

29. 05:30 Close up presentation sign

British drivers and cars have been competing in the Alpine Rally, one of the competitors was Ronald Adams, a former winner of the Monte Carlo Rally, to mention one example. Competitors of the two-wheel kind are seen during a phase of the world-famous Tour de France.

Disclaimer: British Movietone is an historical collection. Any views and expressions within either the video or metadata of the collection are reproduced for historical accuracy and do not represent the opinions or editorial policies of the Associated Press.

SHOTLIST:

GV mountains. Pan same down to village. MS pan car passes camera. Same. MS pan two Triumphs pass camera. Slip pan to MS cyclists pass camera. MS pan cyclists struggle up hill. CU cyclists pass camera. LS same. MS track shot following cyclist. Top shot cyclist past camera. MS crowd. LS. MS. LS pan finish of race.

English/Nat

Mission Controllers at NASA may decide to lengthen the American Shuttle's stay in orbit for an extra day.

Earlier in the flight the crew of Atlantis had problems assembling an exercise treadmill to be used on the international space station being built later this year.

The shuttle is currently docked to the Russian space station "Mir" where it picked up one America astronaut and dropped off his replacement.

The crew of the American Space Shuttle and Russian Space Station "Mir" say their goodbyes as the Atlantis prepares to return to earth.

The U-S astronaut John Blaha who has been on board the Mir for four-months - and is being replaced by Dr. Jerry Linenger.

But NASA may force Blaha to stay in space for an extra day as experiments on exercise equipment haven't gone to plan.

The equipment will be needed on the planned international space station to help space travellers fight the typical loss of bone and muscle mass in weightlessness.

As astronauts on the Atlantis prepare to undock from the "Mir" on Sunday night they're planning to squeeze in time on the treadmill to gather the necessary data.

If all goes well the Atlantis could land on Wednesday.

Mir" Space Station, 19 January 1997

1. Russian & American Astronauts talking to NASA control

2. Astronauts talking to each other

3. Shaking hands and hugging

4. Leaving.

42248 IRAQ: 6TH ANNIVERSARY OF 1ST IRAQI MISSILE ATTACK ON TEL AVIV CELEBRATED 1/19/97 EF97/0056 16:17:54 00:01:43 APTV VARIOUS (THE ABOVE TIME-CODE IS TIME-OF-DAY) English/Nat

Thousands of Iraqis rallied in Baghdad on Saturday to celebrate the 6th anniversary of the first Iraqi missile attack on Tel Aviv in 1991.

It's called "Science Day" when people turn out to show their loyalty to President Saddam Hussein who ordered the strikes during the second Gulf War.

Thousands of people rallied in the centre of Baghdad, in the Al-Mosstansirya-seq quarter, to mark the anniversary of the 1991 missile attack on Israel.

Carrying portraits of Saddam and banners swearing their allegiance - Iraqis honoured their president for ordering the attacks on Tel Aviv.

It's an annual event - schools and government offices also carry out their own forms of celebration.

At the martyr monument people showed the "V" for victory sign and remembered the night of 18th January, 1991, when Iraq released 39 missiles over Tel Aviv, the Occupied Territories and the Allied Forces in the desert.

"Science Day" also pays tribute to the Iraqi scientists who made the long-range missiles.

SOUNDBITE: (English)

"They call this science day because these Iraqi rocket hits on Tel Aviv in 1991

were with rockets made by Iraqi scientists, not supported by other scientists from all over the world".

SUPER-CAPTION: Ghassan Raddwan

Officially at least, Iraqis see the day as one of victory.

Much of the weaponry and scientific installations were destroyed during the Gulf War and its aftermath.

Baghdad, Iraq, January 18, 1997

1. Various of rally.

2. Various of people waving banners.

3. Cutaway young child on shoulders of parent at rally.

4. Wide shot rally - huge picture of President Saddam Hussein in background.

5. Close-up banner reading "victory will be achieved with the patronage of almighty God and President Saddam's leadership"

6. Mid shot Latif Nsayyif Jassem addressing crowds.

7. Close-up same.

8. Wide shot chanting and signing victory.

9. Portrait Saddam Hussein.

10. Wide shot rally.

11. Mid shot Iraqi protester chanting.

12. Wide shot victory sign with martyr monument.

13. SOUNDBITE: Ghassan Raddwan (English)

14. Wide shot pan martyr monument.

42251 BULGARIA: SOFIA: PROTESTS CONTINUE AGAINST SOCIALIST GOVERNMENT 1/19/97 EF97/0056 16:27:51 00:02:13 BNT No Access Bulgaria VARIOUS (THE ABOVE TIME-CODE IS TIME-OF-DAY) English/Nat

A huge crowd of opposition supporters greeted the inauguration of Bulgaria's new president Sunday, as protests continue against the country's socialist government.

Petar Stoyanov became Bulgaria's second democratically elected head of state in a brief ceremony inside Parliament but then joined an opposition rally outside the cathedral.

Bulgaria's capital Sofia has been rocked by almost two weeks of protest rallies calling for new elections.

An estimated forty thousand people filled the square in front of Sofia's Saint Alexander Nevski cathedral to welcome the new president.

Petar Stoyanov overwhelmingly won last November's elections as the candidate of the anti-Socialist opposition front.

On Sunday he - and his deputy Todor Kavaldziev - were sworn in front of a Parliament driven by political conflict.

For the past 13 days - tens of thousands of protesters have rallied in Sofia and other cities across the country demanding a change of government.

But opposition deputies suspended their boycott of the legislature for the occasion and sat together with members of the Socialist Party, former Communists, whom they want to oust from power.

The Socialists have led five of seven governments in Bulgaria since 1989 and been widely blamed for Bulgaria's economic misery - annual inflation is running at over 300 percent.

Stoyanov will have a tough task ahead if he is to turn the country around - but he has something the government does not - popular support.

SOUNDBITE: (rough translation - for guidance only)

"I beg you don't ****** forever. Ladies and gentlemen and young friends of mine who were at the front line, I thank you. "

SUPER CAPTION: Petar Stoyanov, New Bulgarian President

He thanked everyone who had taken part in the recent rallies.

SOUNDBITE:

"We won together, this is our victory."

SUPER CAPTION: Petar Stoyanov, New Bulgarian President

Chanting "victory, victory, victory" and singing "no more communism" the crowd called for him to order new elections when he formally takes office on Wednesday.

Sofia, Bulgaria, January 19, 1997

1. Election banner with President's picture and pull out to wide of crowd singing

2. President and entourage walk onto platform

3. Crowd singing national anthem and waving flags

4. Close-up of President singing national anthem pull out to entourage singing

5. Crowd waving flags

6. President at microphone

7. SOUNDBITE: Petar Stoyanov, New Bulgarian President

8. Cutaway of crowd

9. SOUNDBITE: Petar Stoyanov, New Bulgarian President

10. Close-up of people in crowd chanting "victory, victory, victory" and tilt up to flags and banners

42252 USA: CHICAGO: STEVE FOSSETT EXPECTED TO LAND IN INDIA OR BANGLADESH 1/19/97 EF97/0057 19:42:59 - 20:08:18 00:01:12 CLTV No Access Chicago VARIOUS (THE ABOVE TIME-CODE IS TIME-OF-DAY) English/Nat

An American millionaire's dream of being the first balloonist to circumnavigate the globe looks set to be thwarted.

Steve Fossett is expected to land either in India or Bangladesh around 0700 GMT Monday.

The trip that began in St. Louis six days ago was cut short due to fuel shortage.

The balloonist may not have achieved his ambition but he has made the record books by flying twice as far as anyone else in a balloon.

The daring balloon attempt by a 52-year-old securities trader looks set to finish in failure Monday despite having set new records for distance and duration.

Steve Fossett's dream of being the first balloonist to travel around the world non-stop was thwarted after six days due to short supplies of fuel.

Fossett - who lifted off in his silver-coloured Solo Spirit balloon from Busch Stadium in St. Louis on Monday night - was forced to use up fuel stocks after he was initially refused permission to cross Libyan airspace.

It is anticipated that Fossett will land along the east coast of India, south of Calcutta.

Floating at 20,000 feet above India on Sunday, Fossett and his

supporters back in the Midwest plotted a landing before he began

passing over the rugged mountains of Southeast Asia or the Pacific

Ocean.

SOUNDBITE:

" If he's thinking proper, he'll realise that he's gonna drift towards up into the Himalayas, and he'll want to try to land as soon as he can just before or just after sunrise before he gets any closer to the Himalayan mountains."

SUPERCAPTION: Bo Kemper Member of support team

Fossett already has far eclipsed his own distance ballooning record, 5,435 miles (8,746 kilometres) on a 1995 flight from Seoul, Korea, to

Canada.

SOUNDBITE:

"You have to remember this has never been done. Steve's just gone half way around the world. The other two teams that have ever tried this went at the most 4-hundred miles. Steve's gone over 7-thousand miles. He's been travelling up to five miles above the earth. I mean this is an unbelievable physical feat. Technologically it shows that we can do it. And I think the thing that people have to remember is that we've had tremendous competition from the Swiss and the English. An American has broken the record and will probably have his name on two of the three most prestigious titles in aviation."

SUPERCAPTION: Bo Kemper, Member of the support team

The American planned to stay aloft until early Monday so he'd

beat not only a world distance record for ballooning but

also the record for longest time spent in the air.

By noon Saturday, Fossett had travelled 9,600 miles (15,500

km) .

Inside the cabin, temperatures ranged from zero degrees to

10 degrees F (-18 C to -12 C); outside it was 30 to 50 F

below (-35 to -45 C).

Fossett's cabin heaters don't operate in the oxygen-starved altitudes above 24,000 feet (7,315 m), and he is expected to capitalise on the strong winds above that great height all day.

But at night, Fossett planned to drop to about 18,000 feet (5,500 m) in order to get the heaters working again.

The physical strain on Fossett was also cited as a reason

to abort the mission.

The millionaire failed his first round-the-world attempt one year

ago.

His current adventure was the third transglobal attempt this year.

British businessman Richard Branson's Global Challenger balloon was forced down by equipment problems in the North African desert January 8 after lifting off from Marrakech two days earlier.

Swiss psychiatrist Dr. Bertrand Piccard and his crew ditched in the Mediterranean four days later after kerosene fumes filled their cockpit.

The American stockbroker should take solace on his return to earth that although he did not fulfil his dream, the record breaking balloon flight has made him master of the sky.

APTV

Chicago, USA, January 19 1997

1. Set up Bo Kemper

2. SOUNDBITE: Bo Kemper

3. Wide shot Bo Kemper

4. SOUNDBITE: Bo Kemper

5. Wide shot Bo Kemper

42253 SERBIA: BELGRADE: 61ST DAY OF ANTI-GOVERNMENT DEMONSTRATIONS 1/19/97 EF97/0056 16:25:05 00:02:37 POOL VARIOUS (THE ABOVE TIME-CODE IS TIME-OF-DAY) English/Nat

Thousands of opposition supporters gathered on Sunday in Belgrade as their protests continued into their 61st successive day,

As police again blocked streets around the main city square, many brought their dogs along for the walk, mocking police containment of the demonstrations to pedestrian zones.

Opposition leader Vuk Draskovic expressed concern that as the pressure on Milosevic increases, his next move may be to provoke bloodshed.

It was the dogs day out in Serbia Sunday, as demonstrators brought canine pets to the 61st consecutive day of rallying.

10 thousand protesters gathered in the centre of Belgrade, some clutching stuffed animals, doing their best to comply with the protest organisers' request that the theme of the day's protest be dogs.

The protest mocked the police containment of the demonstrators in a pedestrian zone, the slogan for the day: 'If we can't walk, let's walk our dogs.'

As opposition leader Zoran Djindjic was securing the support of German Foreign Minister Klaus Kinkel in Bonn, at the rally his colleague Vuk Draskovic expressed concern over the next possible move by an increasingly desperate Milosevic.

SOUNDBITE: (English)

"I am very afraid that Mr Milosevic has decided to solve the problem of annulling election results of the people of Serbia by producing a bigger and the biggest problem. By producing bloodshed in Kosovo."

SUPER CAPTION: Vuk Draskovic, Serbian Opposition Coalition Leader

This would push the fight for democracy into a critical stage.

SOUNDBITE:

"This is the biggest problem Serbia could face very soon, and all Balkans and Europe"

SUPER CAPTION: Vuk Draskovic, Serbian Opposition Coalition Leader

His concerns follow recent accusations by the Serbian government that the Opposition Party Zajedno (Together) Coalition triggered a recent car bomb attack in Pristina.

However the terrorist attack has widely been seen as an act of the ethnic Albanian separatist organisation.

Belgrade, Serbia - January 19th, 1997.

1. Wideshot of rally blocked by line of police

2. Wideshot of police filing along

3. Various shots of rally in square

4. Medium shot stuffed toys on frame

5. Close-up of dog

6. Various shots of crowd saluting with sign of peace

7. Wide shot of opposition leaders on podium

8. SOUNDBITE: Vuk Draskovic, Serbian Opposition Coalition Leader

9. Cutaway of hands held in peace signs

10. SOUNDBITE: Vuk Draskovic, Serbian Opposition Coalition Leader

11. Cutaway sign reading 'we want our victory'

12. Various shots of crowds

13. Various shots Vuk Draskovic addressing crowd from podium

14. Wide high shot of rally in square

42254 FRANCE: PARIS: 2ND DAY OF PREMIERE HAUTE COUTURE FASHION EVENT 1/19/97 EF97/0056 16:22:23 00:02:34 APTV VARIOUS (THE ABOVE TIME-CODE IS TIME-OF-DAY) English/Nat

At the second day of Paris's premiere haute couture fashion event Sunday - it was Olivier Lapidus and Torrente's turn to show off their wares.

The feature of Lapidus's show was his choice of "bio-fibres" - fabrics extracted from vegetables, fruits and flowers.

Over the next week some of the world's top designers will exhibit at the event organised by the Chambre Syndicale de la Couture Parisienne.

When Olivier Lapidus's designs took centre stage at the spring/summer haute couture fashion event in Paris Sunday - all talk was about his choice in fabrics.

The designer had chosen to work with "bio-fibres" - extracted from vegetables, fruits and flowers.

Early in the show a model appeared on the catwalk dressed in a shirt with real flowers.

37 year old Olivier Lapidus, son of Ted, has proven to be experimental in the past.

The youngest of the French high fashion designers - last July Lapidus unveiled a solar energy garment.

The Lapidus motto - research enables industry to advance and industry helps fashion to progress.

Lapidus would like to turn the European agricultural surplus into a range of textiles.

One of the most beautiful of the Lapidus creations was the red evening dress modelled later in the show.

This gown was made with silk, grape vine and blackcurrant.

And then came the wedding gown - traditionally a designer's show stopper.

The gown was modelled by Olivier Lapidus's fiancee.

The designer joined her on the catwalk to receive his applause - she will wear the bridal gown at their March wedding.

Backstage there was congratulations for the innovative Lapidus collection.

The young designer explained his philosophy on haute couture.

SOUNDBITE: (English)

"Haute Couture for me is a laboratory. It is not only the past, it is not only the history, the museum if you want, it is not only naked women with you know many embroideries. Haute couture has to be alive. Haute couture has to bring something to people and this is why I try to make new things in haute couture. And this time those fibres from roses from you know flowers, fruit, vegetable, whatever - they are going to give maybe 300 new fibres in the normal textile field."

SUPER-CAPTION: Olivier Lapidus, French designer.

The theme of the Torrente spring summer haute couture collection was "distant travels, to the southern seas, to Polynesia."

The philosophy behind these designs - fashion which is simple, pure and rhythmic.

The models showed off body hugging cocktail dresses and suits with slim fitted coats and straight cut double breasted jackets.

Madame Rose Torrente-Mett also showed off her taste for extreme sophistication through her range of evening gowns.

As tradition requires - she also joined the models on the catwalk after revealing her bridal gown.

Paris, France, 19th January 1997

1. Wide shot catwalk for Lapidus show

2. Close-up of model wearing shirt with real flowers

3. Pan up on blue and white dress

4. Various shots of gowns

5. Mid shot of model in trousers and cropped top

6. Close-up of red flower dress

7. Wide shot of same

8. Mid shot of gold dress

9. Wide shot of Lapidus on catwalk with model/fiancee in wedding gown

10. Mid shot of same

11. Mid shot of Lapidus being congratulated backstage

12. SOUNDBITE: (English) Olivier Lapidus

13. Wide shot of Torrente show

14. Pan down blue gown

15. Pan up suit

16. Mid shot evening gowns

17. Mid shot with bridal gown and Madame Rose Torrente-Mett

18. Wide shot of same

KEYWORDS: FASHION

42255 WEST BANK: HEBRON: YASSER ARAFAT 1ST VISIT SINCE ISRAELI REDEPLOYMENT 1/19/97 EF97/0056 16:00:53 0:02:57 APTV VARIOUS (THE ABOVE TIME-CODE IS TIME-OF-DAY) Arabic/Nat

Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat has arrived in Hebron to the cheers of more than 60- thousand jubilant Palestinians.

They are celebrating the Palestinian take-over of most of the city after three decades of Israeli occupation.

Arafat said he hoped the agreement on Hebron would be a step towards bringing a lasting peace to the rest of the Middle East - including Syria and Lebanon.

Before leaving for Hebron - in a triumphant return to the city he last saw more than 30 years ago - Yasser Arafat inspected a guard of honour in Ramallah.

His helicopter then whisked him off to the city whose future he's spent so many months negotiating.

He landed just outside the former Israeli military headquarters where Palestinian activists were jailed during Israeli rule. The building will now serve as the Palestinian police H.Q..

As he was driven from the landing pad to the building, Arafat threw kisses to the crowd which was chanting "Long live Palestine" and "Long live Arafat."

He told the crowd of more than 60-thousand people that Hebron is a "liberated city" but he said Palestinians don't want confrontation with the Jewish settlers - they want peace.

He also said peace must now spread to the rest of the Middle East.

SOUNDBITE:

"But (I call for) a just and comprehensive peace not only in Egypt, and Jordan and Palestine but also in Syria and Lebanon so that peace is just and comprehensive and lasting in the whole of the Middle East."

SUPER CAPTION: Yasser Arafat, Palestinian Leader

And to tumultuous cheers - he promised that some jailed Palestinians would now be released.

SOUNDBITE:

"Sheikh Ahmad Yassin, ( jailed head of Hamas) soon, very soon, will come out from prison".

SUPER CAPTION: Yasser Arafat, Palestinian Leader

Hebron is the last West Bank city to come under Palestinian rule under the agreement signed by Arafat and the Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu last Wednesday.

Ramallah and Hebron, West Bank. January 19th 1997

Ramallah:

1. Various Arafat inspects guard of honour in Ramallah

2. Arafat gets into helicopter and flies to Hebron

Hebron:

3. Helicopter lands

4. Arafat gets out

5. Arafat surrounded by people, gets onto truck and drives through cheering, flag-waving crowds

6. Palestinian soldier on horseback in crowd

7. Wide shot new police headquarters

8. Wide shot Arafat speaking

9. SOUNDBITE: Arafat

10. Wide shot Arafat speech

11. SOUNDBITE: Arafat

12. Arafat waves to crowd and leaves

42256 WEST BANK: HEBRON: REACTIONS TO REDEPLOYMENT OF ISRAELI TROOPS 1/19/97 EF97/0056 16:03:58 00:01:43 APTV VARIOUS (THE ABOVE TIME-CODE IS TIME-OF-DAY) English/Nat

As the Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat arrived in Hebron for the first time in nearly three decades, Jewish settlers are still angry that the city has been handed back to the Palestinians.

Arafat's government took control of 80 percent of Hebron on Friday after months of negotiations with the hard-line government of Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu.

As thousands of Palestinians gave their leader Yasser Arafat a hero's welcome into Hebron, the mood in the Jewish sector was much more sombre.

The people of H2 - as the 20 percent of Hebron remaining under Israeli control will be known - were not celebrating.

This area in the heart of the city is home to about 500 Jewish settlers and about 15-thousand Palestinians and is heavily guarded by Israeli police.

The settlers say they will not give up their fight for Hebron which is considered holy to both Jews and Muslims.

SOUNDBITE: (English)

"The Jewish community now has to survive, but after the survival you'll see the revival, it will not be only survival"

SUPER CAPTION: Benny Elon, Member of Knesset for right-wing Moledet party

Despite Arafat saying he did not want confrontation with the Jewish settlers - attitudes remained unchanged and Arafat's visit was not welcomed.

A settlers' spokesman said it was a desecration to allow their "arch enemy" Arafat into the city.

SOUNDBITE: (English)

"The Israeli government that we elected, allowed our arch enemy to come into Hebron. The man who's hands are soaked with the blood of so many Jewish men, women and children is despicable. We feel that this is a desecration of the sanctity of the second holiest city of the Jewish people in the land of Israel."

SUPER CAPTION: David Wilder, Hebron Settlers' spokesperson

The potential difficulties of life under the new regime are still yet to be fully realised.

The dividing line between H1 - the Palestinian controlled part of Hebron and H2 - the Israeli controlled sector - has been kept deliberately vague.

Israeli army commanders said the vagueness was intentional - to

avoid cutting the town in two and to permit free movement.

But new checkpoints have sprung up on either side and there are fears a new "Berlin" may have been created - a city divided by imaginary lines and centuries old hatreds.

Hebron, West Bank, January 19th 1997

1. Tilt down settlers building

2. Pull out Israeli police around market

3. Wide shot group gathered on street

4. Various shots Jewish settlers

5. SOUNDBITE: Benny Elon, Member of Knesset for right-wing Moledet party

6. Wide shot street scene in Hebron

7. SOUNDBITE: David Wilder, Hebron Settlers' spokesperson

8. Wide shot of Israeli police

9. Various shots market place in Hebron

10. Wide shot Israeli police patrolling area

11. Pan of street near market in Hebron

42258 SOUTH AFRICA: ONE OF WORLD'S HIGHEST RATES OF RAPE 1/19/97 EF97/0056 16:08:47 00:03:09 ALL APTV EXCEPT SHOT 1 = SABC Please Note: legal restrictions may apply to footage of rape victims who are minors. VARIOUS (THE ABOVE TIME-CODE IS TIME-OF-DAY) English/Nat

South Africa has one of the highest rates of rape in the world. It is estimated that a woman is raped every 34 seconds.

And police believe many more cases go unreported.

Many believe crime and violence are getting out of control. They are calling for the government to crack down on violent crimes and bring back the death penalty for rapists.

It's a crime that happens every day in South Africa.

Only a few rare cases, like the recent plight of four Johannesburg teenagers raped in their homes during two separate attacks in two weeks, hit the headlines nation-wide.

Groups of armed men broke into the victims' homes and tied up family members before robbing the houses and raping four girls aged from thirteen to twenty-four.

Eight suspects allegedly involved in the attacks appeared in court last week and were denied bail.

SOUNDBITE:

"He tied us all in the bedroom. Like he told us to shut up. He doesn't want our lives, he just wants money. And then he said that I must get up so I got up. He took me to the bathroom and he raped me. And he just left me there."

SUPERCAPTION: Fourteen-year-old rape victim

South Africa's Human Rights Commission last week revealed that over 31-thousand rapes were reported to police during the first half of last year.

But the figure gives only a partial idea of the tragedy - police believe only one in thirty- five cases of rape are reported.

For those who have suffered this crime, or who have to deal with family members victims of rape, pain and anger become a daily reality. But many have decided to fight back.

SOUNDBITE:

''I would like to send a message to all rapists that your days are numbered. That you have messed with the wrong people. And that we can fight back. This is it. This is it."

SUPERCAPTION: Jane, Mother of teenage rape victim

The families of the recent Johannesburg rape victims organised a public meeting calling for the reinstatement of the death penalty, abolished in 1995 after the A-N-C won the country's first democratic elections.

They launched a campaign named "Camelot" - Campaign Against Murderous Empowered Laws of Treason - calling on citizens to press for changes in legislation to crack down on rapists and child abusers.

They want to see men accused of rape being denied bail, and those convicted, being surgically castrated within 24-hours of sentencing.

Their pleas are addressed to South Africa's Justice Minister, who is spearheading the move towards the creation of special "rape courts".

These courts will help magistrates and prosecutors deal more efficiently with the rape cases when they are separated from the general case roll.

Magistrates will be required to ensure unfair cross-examination of rape victims is not carried out and that they are handled with compassion.

New legislation to get tough on rapists is to be presented to South Africa's parliament in the first half of this year.

SOUNDBITE:

"And our courts must send a signal to society that we are not prepared to tolerate this kind of crime. And therefore heavy sentences will have to be imposed."

SUPERCAPTION: Dullah Omar, Justice Minister

Being security conscious has become a way of life for women in South Africa. Those who can afford weapons learn how to use them. Shooting ranges around the country have many women members, and most offer shooting instructions for women.

Self-defence seminars and classes are also popular. During these sessions women are taught how to react when being attacked.

And how not to think like a victim, but to adopt a calm attitude during a violent attack.

Women feel threatened by the ever increasing violent crimes.

Locking doors, checking where and when you walk or whether you're being followed is an everyday reality for women living in South Africa.

SOUNDBITE: (English)

''It is not the way I want to live. I want to be free and have freedom of movement, go wherever I want to go at any time of the day. Not thinking of someone who is following me or thinking of my safety."

SUPERCAPTION: Salome Masondo

Groups like People Opposing Woman Abuse believe the reasons for the country's rampant rape crimes cannot be attributed to a single factor.

They're pushing the government to set up an intensive education campaign to teach girls from an early age what their rights as women are.

SOUNDBITE:

"South Africa has a very high general rate of violence and crime. And I think that contributes towards the situation. I think it also stems from the patriarchal society we live in."

SUPERCAPTION: Sally Shackleton, People Opposing Woman Abuse POWA)

The "Camelot" activists have declared February 14, Valentine's Day, a national day of mourning for all rape victims. They're urging people to embark on passive strikes by marching to a local court house and laying wreathes.

South Africa, Johannesburg , 13, 16, 17, 18 January 1997; Pretoria, 17 January 1997; Soweto, 17 January 1997 & Vanderbijlpark, 17 January 1997

1. Wide shot interior home of rape victim (Johannesburg, 13 January 1997, SABC)

2. Mid shot bedroom

3. Close-up mask on wall of girl's bedroom

4. SOUNDBITE: (English) Fifteen-year-old rape victim

5. Wide shot exterior home of second rape victim

6. Mid shot interior on staircase

7. SOUNDBITE: (English) Jane, Mother of Teenage rape victim

8. Wide shot exterior hall for public meeting (Johannesburg, 17 January 1997, APTV)

9. Wide shot volunteers handing out petitions

10. Mid people signing petitions

11. Close-up "Camelot" petition

12. Mid shot Charmaine Young (mother of teenage rape victims) addressing crowd

13. Wide crowd cheering

14. Mid shot Justice Minister Dullah Omar set up (Pretoria, 17 January 1997, APTV)

15. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dullah Omar, Justice Minister

16. Wide shot two women practising at shooting range (Johannesburg, 18 January 1997, APTV)

17. Mid shot woman checking targets

18. Wide shot woman shooting

19. Close-up woman shooting

20. Wide shot self defence lecture (Vanderbijlpark, 17 January 1997, APTV)

21. Mid shot women watching

22. Mid shot instructor Janette Schoultz demonstrating self defence moves.

23. Women watching

24. Wide shot street Soweto (16 January 1997, APTV)

25. SOUNDBITE: (English) Salome Masondo

26. Anti-rape video (ex POWA - People Opposing Woman Abuse)

27. Wide interior POWA offices (Johannesburg, 16.1.97, APTV

28. SOUNDBITE: (English) Sally Shackleton, POWA

29. Mid shot book on abuse, tilt to woman writing

42259 SERBIA: BELGRADE: SENIOR UN ENVOY ELIZABETH REHN CRITICISES MILOSEVIC 1/19/97 EF97/0056 16:07:50 00:00:49 POOL VARIOUS (THE ABOVE TIME-CODE IS TIME-OF-DAY) English/Nat

A senior U-N Envoy has added her voice to the chorus of criticism facing the Serbian President Slobodan Milosevic.

Elizabeth Rehn, the organisations Human Rights Envoy in the former Yugoslavia urged the President to acknowledge the election triumphs of opposition parties.

She announced that her delegation fully supported the OSCE report on the November 17 election result, which recognised the opposition's victory.

Elizabeth Rehn's comments underline the growing international pressure on President Milosevic to accept the result of November's poll.

SOUNDBITE: (English)

"The whole system of elections must be renewed."

SUPER CAPTION: Elizabeth Rehn, U-N Human Rights Envoy

The basis of the international disquiet is a report from a delegation of OSCE (Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe) members, led by the former Spanish Premier Felipe Gonzalez.

They ruled that the Serbian opposition had won local elections in 14 big cities and towns throughout the country.

SOUNDBITE: (English)

"I made of course my points clear - that the Gonzalez Report must be followed"

SUPER CAPTION: Elizabeth Rehn, U-N Human Rights Envoy

The OSCE delegation had originally been invited to look at the results by the Serbian President himself, but Milosevic has shown little sign of accepting the report's findings.

The government's refusal to act triggered mass protests across the republic which have been going on for nine weeks.

Rehn's comments came as she held talks with the Yugoslav Foreign minister Milan Milutinovic and Serbia's opposition leaders, but she did not meet the Serbian president.

She later denied reports that Milutinovic had claimed student protesters were being paid to demonstrate

Belgrade, Serbia - January 19th 1997.

1. Wide shot press conference

2. SOUNDBITE: Elizabeth Rehn, U-N Human Rights Envoy

3. Cutaway of press

4. Cutaway of cameraman

5. SOUNDBITE: Elizabeth Rehn, U-N Human Rights Envoy

6. Wide shot press conference

7. Pan of Press conference.

42260 PAKISTAN: LAHORE: PROTESTERS SET LIGHT TO IRANIAN CULTURAL CENTRE 1/19/97 EF97/0056 16:05:49 00:01:52 APTV VARIOUS (THE ABOVE TIME-CODE IS TIME-OF-DAY) Natural Sound

About five hundred Sunni Muslim demonstrators set fire to an Iranian Cultural Centre in the Pakistani city of Lahore, Sunday, following the death of an Islamic leader in the city the day before.

The leader of a prominent Sunni group was among 25 people killed when a bomb in a motorcycle exploded outside a courthouse.

Militant Sunnis have blamed Iran - which is predominantly Shi'ite - for the bomb attack and demanded the government sever its links with Tehran.

There was still anger on the streets of Lahore as fire fighters put out the blaze which had destroyed the Iranian Cultural Centre.

A few demonstrators - a fraction of the number which had earlier attacked the building - threw pieces of debris at the authorities tackling the fire.

Also gutted in the blaze was the office of Pakistan's Senate Leader - Wasim Sajjad - which was next door.

The mob was acting in revenge for the killing of 25 people - including Zia-ur Rehman, a leader of a Sunni Muslim group called the Guardians of the Friends of the Prophet.

They died when a motorcycle bomb exploded outside a court in the city.

Eight thousand people attended Rehman's funeral which was held in his hometown of Jhang, about 200 kilometres (125 mile) southwest of Lahore.

Rehman and another leader - Azim Tariq - were at the Lahore Sessions Court for their trial on murder charges - Tariq was seriously wounded.

Both the men Tariq and Rehman were candidates in next month's general elections, but after the bombing the authorities decided to postpone elections in Rehman's central Punjab constituency.

No-one has claimed responsibility for the bombing but the Guardians are blaming Pakistan's Shi'ite minority - saying they are backed by Iran.

Sunni radicals have vowed to seek revenge for the bombing, a threat that has police worried about retaliatory attacks against Pakistan's minority Shiite Muslims

Lahore, Pakistan, 19 January 1997

1. Demonstrators throwing debris at firemen

2. Close-up of steaming rubble

3. Close-up of flame, pull out to building

4. Burnt out building, pan to onlookers

5. Pull out from burnt air conditioning unit to firemen

6. Walking shot of firemen examining burnt out building

7. Pull out from window to burnt out building

8. Pan from fire engine to building

9. Pull out from flames in window to wide shot of building

10. Fire engine reversing and pan to riot police

42261 USA: ATLANTIS ASTRONAUTS PREPARE TO UNDOCK FROM SPACE STATION MIR 1/19/97 EF97/0056 16:12:04 02:34 NASA VARIOUS (THE ABOVE TIME-CODE IS TIME-OF-DAY) Natural Sound

Astronauts aboard the space shuttle Atlantis and space station Mir have sealed the hatches connecting the two vessels Sunday in preparation for undocking.

NASA still has to decide if the US shuttle will stay in space for an extra day to complete tests on exercise equipment for the new international space station.

The Shuttle crew had earlier experienced difficulty assembling a treadmill and lost data when a computer failed.

The crews of the Atlantis space shuttle and the Mir space stations said their good-byes Sunday.

They held a farewell party for John Blaha who's being replaced after four months in space.

Astronaut Jerry Linenger will now be staying with the Russian crew aboard Mir for 4 and a half months.

He thanked his Mission Control team-mates for getting him to the space station.

UPSOUND:

I just want to say thanks for getting me up here. You all did a great job, I appreciate it and I'll see you all in the summer."

SUPERCAPTION: Jerry Linenger. US Astronaut

UPSOUND:

"Jerry, from all the folks down here it was a great pleasure and god speed."

SUPERCAPTION: US NASA Mission Controller.

Linenger replaces Blaha, who has been in space aboard the orbiting outpost since September.

After waving goodbye, the Russian team closed the hatch leading to

Mir in preparation for the crafts separation later Sunday.

The Atlantis astronauts then tested lights illuminating the so-called docking vestibule that bridges the two spacecraft.

After that, U-S astronaut Mike Baker slipped the Atlantis hatch into place and the Atlantis crew depressurised the vestibule.

Elsewhere in the shuttle, the crew continued tasks to prepare for Sunday night's separation and return to Earth later next week.

Inside the Spacehab module, astronaut Marsha Ivins stowed gear received from the Mir station, including food for Blaha.

US Shuttle, Houston, 19 January 1997

1. Shuttle crew saying good-byes to Mir crew.

2. Mir crew through docking vestibule

3. UPSOUND: Jerry Linenger, Astronaut (over shot of Mission Control, Houston)

4 UPSOUND: Reply from Mission Control controller.

5. Mir crew waves

6. Mir crew closes hatch

7. Mir station exterior

8. US astronaut Mike Baker closes Atlantis hatch

9. Atlantis crew on flight deck

10. Atlantis crew in Spacehab module

11. Stowing gear

42263 ALBANIA: TIRANA: PROTESTS OVER MONEY LOST IN PYRAMID SCHEMES 1/19/97 EF97/0057 19:35:50 00:03:01 APTV VARIOUS (THE ABOVE TIME-CODE IS TIME-OF-DAY) Albanian/Nat

About 25-thousand demonstrators took to the streets of central Tirana Sunday, demanding that the government take responsibility for the money they lost in pyramid schemes.

Clashes broke out when police tried to push back protesters using batons and water canons.

Over half a million Albanians have invested in these phoney investment schemes promising sky-high interest rates. Many have forfeited all their savings.

Demonstrators, backed by the opposition parties, blame the government for their losses.

Violence broke out in Albania Sunday as twenty-five thousand demonstrators rallied in the capital Tirana and several other cities.

They are calling for the government to take responsibility for their losses following mass investments in fictitious companies.

Chants of ''down with dictatorship'' mingled with those demanding ''We want our money,'' as protesters in several cities battled police and lobbed stones at government buildings.

In Tirana riot police blocked the streets leading into Skanderbeg Square.

Attempting to push back the protesters, they beat their batons against their shields, but then charged the demonstrators - several were injured.

Plainclothes officers stopped opposition party leaders trying to address the crowd - smashing their megaphones and beating them. Several people were thrown into police vans.

Rexhep Nejdani, the deputy chief of the Socialists, suffered arm injuries.

Supporters trying to shield the opposition leaders were also clubbed by police.

A wave of unrest has swept across Albania over the past week after two pyramid schemes began to collapse.

An estimated 5-hundred-thousand of Albania's three-point-two million citizens have invested money in scams involving fictitious investment companies and charities offering double-digit interest rates.

As elsewhere in post-Communist eastern Europe, pyramid schemes have popped up in poverty-ridden Albania, offering sky-high interest rates to citizens with average monthly wages of sixty to eighty dollars.

Early investors made fortunes in the funds. But because the schemes pay the first investors with the money from later ones, they require a steady stream of new contributors.

Without that, they crumble - as in the case of two of Albania's 10 funds that failed to pay out over the past week, sparking violent demonstrations

The demonstrations against the funds have quickly turned against the government, which investors blame for allowing the get-rich-quick schemes to operate in Albania.

Myfit Muro, from the southern port of Vlaro, sold his house and has invested over 10- thousand dollars (10- million leks) in a pyramid scheme. He's lost everything and now plans to emigrate to Italy.

SOUNDBITE:

The president must say if we will get the money or not. Why did the government allow three or four people to collect all the money of the Albanians and cheat them? Where was the government and the president then? How could they operate without a licence? If I open a shop I need a licence. How could they operate without it?

The people have given the president their vote and he cheated them.

SUPERCAPTION: Myfit Muro, victim of a pyramid scheme,

Astrit Dalip is another typical case.

SOUNDBITE:

I used to work as a butcher in Italy. I have just come back to Albania with 36 (m) million Italian liras (24-thousand dollars), which I deposited at Gjallica (one of the two funds that went bust). I do not expect to get the money back. All the companies are collapsing.

Q: What will you do?

I will emigrate again together with my six brothers.

Q: Whom do you blame for this?

I do not know. We have remained like fish without water. All our money is now at Gjallica.

SUPERCAPTION: Astrit Dalip, victim of pyramid schemes

On Saturday, President Sali Berisha said the government would offer jobs and bank credits to the people most affected by the investment fund failures.

The government last week froze 255 (m) million dollars in assets of some of the funds.

Opposition leaders have accused some of the pyramid-scheme companies of having financed the Democrats' campaign for the May elections.

Albania, Tirana - January 19, 1997 & Vlora, January 17, 1997

1. Wide shot of demonstrators

2. Top shot of protesters shouting slogans

3. Police beating a demonstrator

4. Police pushing back demonstrators.

5. Wide shot demonstration

6. Riot police getting out of van

7. Cutaway man pushed around by police

6. Top shot of demo

7. Southern port of Vlora, ship (January 17, 1997)

8. SOUNDBITE: (Albanian) Myfit Muro, victim of a pyramid scheme (Vlora, January 17,1997)

9. Cutaway port of Vlora. (January 17, 1997)

10. SOUNDBITE: (Albanian) Astrit Dalip, victim of a pyramid scheme (Vlora, January 17, 1997)

11. Top shot of demonstrations

42276 PERU: ARCHBISHOP OF LIMA CARDINAL LANDAZURI'S FUNERAL 1/19/97 EF97/0057 19:51:01 - 20:37:17 - 21:00:53 00:02:35 APTV VARIOUS (THE ABOVE TIME-CODE IS TIME-OF-DAY) Spanish/Nat

President Fujimori and other Peruvian government officials took a break from the month- old hostage crisis to spend part of Sunday saying farewell to Cardinal Landazuri - the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Lima.

The cardinal died last Thursday aged 83 after a long battle with cancer.

Mr Fujimori is still refusing to back down over the key demand made by Marxist rebels holding 73 hostages at the Japanese Embassy.

The rebels are insisting the Government release more than 300 Tupac Amaru guerrillas before beginning mediation talks.

Another hostage ventured outside the Japanese ambassador's residence in Lima Sunday.

He was identified as the Japanese embassy second secretary Akihisa Ouyigama.

His task - to take batteries out of cars parked in the compound.

One police officer outside the compound speculated that the rebels needed the batteries to power their radios.

On Saturday afternoon - two other hostages made an appearance outside the residence.

Rebels had sent them onto the roof to arrange rebel banners on the side of the building.

The Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement has accepted a government proposal for mediation by Canada's top envoy.

But there's no sign either side is ready to back down over the key issue of the status of 300 jailed guerrillas.

The rebels say it is the government's refusal to negotiate on this issue that is keeping them from the negotiating table.

President Alberto Fujimori says he'll talk about them - but won't release them.

Meanwhile, President Fujimori joined thousands of mourners at Lima's Roman Catholic Cathedral to say farewell to the city's Archbishop - Cardinal Juan Landazuri Ricketts Sunday.

The 83 year old Archbishop died three days ago after a long battle with cancer.

The funeral gave the President and other government officials an opportunity to show it is business as usual despite the month-long stand-off.

Meanwhile, police have ordered journalists from three international news agencies to abandon a rooftop next to the Japanese ambassador's house.

The reporters had been paying the owners of the private home which is within police lines.

Police say it's for security reasons, but there is talk that the order was given by the government to limit coverage of the crisis.

Since the crisis broke out on December 17 the rebels have enjoyed international publicity for their cause.

Lima, Peru, 19 January 1997

1. Wide shot Japanese Ambassador's residence

2. Hostage outside residence with car batteries

3. Security surrounding residence

4. Wide shot Peruvian President Alberto Fujimori and government officials walking on Lima streets for Cardinal's funeral

5. Church officials and crowds at Lima cathedral

6. Various of crowds and church officials in funeral procession from cathedral to government palace

7. Various of President Fujimori and government officials watching procession from government palace

8. Wide shot Japanese Ambassador's residence; tilt down to press on roof

9. Various of press dismantling area

10. Security checking journalist

11. Wide shot press area outside residence

42278 MEXICO: TOP CELEBRITIES LUCERO AND MANUEL MIJARES GET MARRIED 1/19/97 EF97/0057 21:25:56 00:02:31 TELEVISA TELEVISA = NO ACCESS MEXICO, TV AZTECA, CNN, NBC, TELENOTICIAS VARIOUS (THE ABOVE TIME-CODE IS TIME-OF-DAY) Spanish/Nat

Two of Mexico's top celebrities, Lucero and Manuel Mijares, wed late Saturday in a lavish ceremony broadcast live on national television.

At least 300 guests crowded the centuries-old San Ignacio Loyola chapel for the ceremony.

Thousands of fans gathered outside for a glimpse of the happy couple, holding up traffic for hours in downtown Mexico.

Soap opera or reality?

For millions of fans across the Spanish-speaking world it was hard to tell the difference as two of Mexico's biggest artists - who have sold millions of pop records - tied the knot.

Lucero entered the chapel on the arm of her father, Antonio Hogaza.

She wore an off the shoulder organza dress, embroidered in pearls.

He wedding to Manuel Mijares married Saturday in a ceremony was estimated to have cost 14 (m) million dollars.

But they won't have to pay for all of it.

According to local press reports, television rights were sold to broadcasters for about eight (m)illion dollars.

There was traffic mayhem as thousands of people gathered at the chapel to get a closer look of the happy couple.

The ceremony was performed by Mexico's archbishop and even the Pope sent a greeting.

Guests included members of the elite of Mexican society and celebrities.

The musical portion of the event included 'Pomp and Circumstance No. 1,' as well as pieces by Verdi, Vivaldi, Mendelssohn, and Chopin, played by an orchestra directed by Carlos Esteva.

The newlyweds will take a 45-day sea cruise for their honeymoon to Japan and the Far East.

Mexico City, Mexico, 18 January 1997

1. Procession of Lucero Mijares and father down the aisle to the altar

2. Zoom in bride and groom at altar

3. Close-up outside of church

4. Pan of fans behind fence to security guards

42279 SERBIA: BELGRADE: PROTESTERS BRING PETS ALONG TO DEMONSTRATION 1/19/97 EF97/0057 19:38:59 00:03:04 AGENCY COMMON VARIOUS (THE ABOVE TIME-CODE IS TIME-OF-DAY) Eng/Serbo-Croat/Nat

The ever-imaginative protest movement in Serbia has brought out its latest weapon onto the streets of Belgrade - thousands of family pets.

On the 61st successive day of demonstrations, the protesters decided to mock the way the riot police are preventing them marching anywhere but pedestrian zones.

They were boosted by comments from a senior U-N envoy who urged President Slobodan Milosevic to acknowledge the results of the disputed November 17 poll.

It was a dog day afternoon in Belgrade Sunday, as pro-democracy supporters brought animals of all shapes and sizes along to the latest protest rally.

Barks punctuated the music and whistles as German shepherds rubbed rumps with poodles as about 10,000 protesters gathered in the centre of Belgrade.

SOUNDBITE: (Serbo-Croat)

"He came to protest and to show that even the four legged citizens of Serbia are against this regime."

SUPER CAPTION: Pro-democracy demonstrator

The protest mocked the police containment of the demonstrators in a pedestrian zone.

The slogan for the day: 'If we can't walk, let's walk our dogs.'

Some demonstrators clutched stuffed animals, birds, cats and wind up toys doing their best to comply with the organisers' request that the theme of Sunday's protest be dogs.

After nearly two months of continuous protests, organisers have tried to keep up interest by introducing daily themes.

In the main city square, the emphasis of the rally was on peace.

Opposition leader Vuk Draskovic expressed concern an increasingly desperate Milosevic may attempt to provoke bloodshed in an effort to win the battle for power..

SOUNDBITE: (English)

"I am very afraid that Mr Milosevic has decided to solve the problem of annulling election results of the people of Serbia by producing a bigger and the biggest problem. By producing bloodshed in Kosovo."

SUPER CAPTION: Vuk Draskovic, Serbian Opposition Coalition Leader

This would push the fight for democracy into a critical stage.

SOUNDBITE: (English)

"This is the biggest problem Serbia could face very soon, and all Balkans and Europe."

SUPER CAPTION: Vuk Draskovic, Serbian Opposition Coalition Leader

His concerns follow recent accusations by the Serbian government that the opposition coalition Zajedno (Together) triggered a recent car bomb attack in Pristina.

That attack that has been blamed by others upon an ethnic Albanian separatist organisation.

Elsewhere in Belgrade - a senior U-N envoy added her voice to the chorus of criticism facing the Serbian President Slobodan Milosevic.

The U-N Human Rights Envoy in the former Yugoslavia, - Elizabeth Rehn - urged the President to acknowledge the election triumphs of opposition parties.

SOUNDBITE: (English)

"The whole system of elections must be renewed."

SUPER CAPTION: Elizabeth Rehn, U-N Human Rights Envoy

The basis of the international disquiet is a report written by international delegate from the O-S-C-E (Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe) led by the former Spanish Premier Felipe Gonzalez.

They ruled that the Serbian opposition had won local elections in 14 big cities and towns throughout the country.

SOUNDBITE: (English)

'I made of course my points clear - that the Gonzalez Report must be followed'.

SUPER CAPTION: Elizabeth Rehn, U-N Human Rights Envoy

The O-S-C-E delegation had originally been invited to look at the results by the Serbian President himself, but Milosevic has shown little sign of fully accepting the report's findings.

Serbia, Belgrade - January 19th, 1997

1. Various shots of protesters with their dogs

2. SOUNDBITE: (Serbo-Croat) Pro-democracy demonstrator

3. Two shots of toy pets

4. Two shots of doves of peace

5. Toy gorilla waving

6. High wide shot of police blockade of marchers

7. High wide shot of police walking in single file along

8. Various shots of people giving peace sign at rally in city square

9. Opposition leaders on podium

10. SOUNDBITE: (English) Vuk Draskovic, Opposition Coalition Leader

11. Cutaway crowd

12. SOUNDBITE: (English) Vuk Draskovic, Opposition Coalition Leader

13. Cutaway placard saying 'we want our victory'

14. Wide shot rally

15. Wide shot press conference

16. SOUNDBITE: (English) Elizabeth Rehn, UN special Envoy for Human Rights

17. Cutaways press

18. SOUNDBITE: (English) Elizabeth Rehn, UN special Envoy for Human Rights

19. Cutaway press

20. Wideshot press conference

42280 RUSSIA: MOSCOW: NATO SECRETARY GENERAL JAVIER SOLANA VISIT 1/19/97 EF97/0057 20:34:26 00:00:42 RTR No access Russia VARIOUS (THE ABOVE TIME-CODE IS TIME-OF-DAY) Natural Sound

The secretary-general NATO arrived in Moscow Sunday on a mission to ease Russian fears over the alliance's expansion plans.

Javier Solana is expected to hold five hours of talks on Monday with Russia's Foreign Minister about moves to extend NATO membership to former members of the Warsaw Pact.

Solana wants to establish a new relationship between Russia and NATO before it designates its new members at a July summit.

NATO Secretary General Javier Solana arrived in Moscow Sunday night for talks with Foreign Minister Yevgeny Primakov.

The 16-nation alliance is eager to establish a new relationship with its old adversary before its summit this summer.

That gathering will decide which countries NATO will allow to join.

The meeting with Primakov, closed to the press, will take place Monday at a government residence outside Moscow.

It is expected to last at least five hours.

Moscow opposes NATO's plans to take in as many as a dozen new members, including many of Russia's former allies in the defunct Warsaw Pact.

However, Primakov said last week that Moscow might be satisfied if NATO provided guarantees that it would not move its military infrastructure, above all nuclear weapons, onto the territory of new members.

Moscow, Russia, 19 January 1997

1. Exterior Bolshoi theatre

2. Government cars wait outside the Bolshoi theatre

3. Close-up government car driving past

4. Muscovites standing outside the Bolshoi theatre

5. Cutaway of television camera

6. Javier Solana's limousine arrives at the Bolshoi theatre

7. Javier Solana flanked by aides enters the Bolshoi theatre

42191 BOSNIA: CANADIAN SOLDIERS STAND ACCUSED OF MISCONDUCT UPDATE 1/18/97 EF97/0053 16:09:36 00:01:54 APTV VARIOUS (THE ABOVE TIME-CODE IS TIME-OF-DAY) Serbo-Croat/Nat

Forty-seven Canadian soldiers stand accused of sexual misconduct, drunkenness and other abuses in Bosnia.

The abuses allegedly took place on a U-N Peacekeeping mission to protect a mental hospital in central Bosnia in 1993 and '94.

Physical abuse of patients, excessive drinking and sex with interpreters and nurses -- are some of the charges being levied against the Canadian 12th Armored regiment.

Their army commander says the soldiers face disciplinary hearings that could end their military careers.

The Canadian 12th Armoured regiment was assigned to protect a mental hospital in Bakovici, Bosnia located in the war zone.

The regiment was part of the UN peacekeeping forces in Bosnia.

Until the accusation surfaced the mission had been depicted as heroic and successful.

A report on the alleged abuses says the soldiers engaged in consensual sex with nurses at a mental hospital, bought black-market alcohol and abused patients.

Staff at the mental home in Bakovici have confirmed that the incidents took place.

But they claim they were in no position to do anything about it at the time because the country was in the middle of a civil war.

SOUNDBITE: (Serbo-Croat)

"We tried to prevent this what happen but it was difficult and soldiers were drinking every night".

SUPER CAPTION: Ivo Markija, Hospital Director

Originally 57 members of the Canadian 12th Armored regiment were named and accused of committing various offences.

Ten of the soldiers left the army, leaving 47 soldiers still subject to military discipline.

The soldiers were on a tour in 1993 and 1994 in Bosnia.

During the conflict the hospital was for some time in the hands of the Croats and subsequently controlled by the Bosnian Serbs.

The report blames much of the wrongdoing on inexperienced leadership.

Bakovici, Bosnia, January 18, 1997

1. Mental Institution at Bakovici

2. Patients though door

2. Sign on the building

3. Various of patients inside

4. Board on the wall with pictures of Canadian soldiers on it

5. Various still photos of Canadian soldiers

6. Pan of photos

7. Sign over photos saying "When it was most difficult for us the UNPROFOR soldiers helped"

8. Still photo of soldier and patient

9. Various of patients in the hospital

10. Canadian flag on the wall inside hospital

11. SOUNDBITE: Ivo Markija, Hospital Director

12. Various shots of hospital

41972 CHILE: SANTIAGO: UNDERGROUND TRAIN NETWORK TO GET FACE-LIFT 1/20/97 EF97/0060 21:13:14 00:02:27 APTV VARIOUS (THE ABOVE TIME-CODE IS TIME-OF-DAY) Spanish/Nat

Santiago's underground train network is getting a facelift.

Leading artists from Chile and beyond have been given the task of smartening up the modern and efficient but otherwise drab metro .

Riding the metro in the Chilean capital has become something of a cultural experience.

Several stations have been transformed into temples of contemporary art.

This mural by Mario Toral - Visual Memory of the Nation - is one of several that are delighting Santiago's commuters.

Measuring more than 100 feet (30 metres) long and 60 feet (20 metres) wide, it's being billed as Latin America's largest mural.

Completed last May, the enterprise took the internationally renowned painter and a team of assistants two years to execute.

The painter also hopes to complete a second segment of the same size which will narrate Chile's history after the Spanish conquest.

Most recent of the works is "Tiles for Santiago" by Portuguese artist Rogerio Ribeiro which graces the walls of Santa Lucia station and was inaugurated by the president of Portugal last November.

The work is composed of 44-thousand tiles depicting historical episodes common to both Portugal and Spain.

Santiago's travelling public has contemplated the changes with a mixture of bemusement and enthusiasm.

SOUNDBITE: (Spanish)

"I've been looking at them for a while and I think they're beautiful. I think they ought to put them everywhere so young people like us can learn about this. Very nice."

SUPER CAPTION: Maria Urrutia, Metro passenger

SOUNDBITE: (Spanish)

"Fantastic. We're seeing it in other stations and it's good for people's culture. But it's nothing new -- here in Chile it's new but abroad there are always exhibitions and things like that. All culture is good."

SUPER CAPTION: Saturnino Brasa, Metro passenger

SOUNDBITE: (Spanish)

"I think it's wonderful, really lovely. The best thing around."

SUPER CAPTION: Raquel Poblete, Metro passenger

So far four stations have been transformed into works of art.

But metro directors say 13 more projects are underway.

SOUNDBITE: (Spanish)

"We've been developing from hanging oil paintings in the stations to more important works where the whole station is used: tiles, stonework, for example, which are more durable and represent a more global use of the stations."

SUPER CAPTION: Daniel Fernandez, Metro director

The scheme has breathed new life into a modern and efficient but otherwise drab metro.

And it's all been achieved at no cost to the public.

Each station has been sponsored by a private company, with the sole incentive that they can afterwards use the artwork for publicity.

Santiago, Chile, recent video

1. Various of Mario Toral's Memoria Visual de una Nacion (Visual Memory of a Nation) at Universidad de Chile metro station

2. Various of "Tiles for Santiago" by Portuguese artist Rogerio Ribeiro at Santa Lucia station

3. SOUNDBITE: (Spanish) Maria Urrutia, Metro passenger

4. SOUNDBITE: (Spanish) Saturnino Brasa, Metro passenger

5. SOUNDBITE: (Spanish) Raquel Poblete, Metro passenger

6. Metro passengers coming up escalator in front of mural

7. SOUNDBITE: (Spanish) Daniel Fernandez, Metro director

8. Various of "Constelacion II" by Pablo Mac-Clure at Metro de los Heroes

42120 SOUTH AFRICA: SPECIALLY TRAINED DOGS HELP ARSON INSPECTORS 1/20/97 EF97/0058 07:35:22 00:02:33 SABC No Access South Africa VARIOUS (THE ABOVE TIME-CODE IS TIME-OF-DAY) Natural Sound

Specially trained dogs have become an invaluable tool to emergency and rescue workers around the world.

Their acute sense of smell has saved countless lives after avalanches or earthquakes.

For one dog in South Africa, sniffing out the cause of a fire is all in a day's work.

Tilly has an uncanny ability to help arson investigators.

She's been highly successful and both Tilly and her trainer are now off to the United States to share their knowledge at an international police investigations' conference.

Eighteen months ago Tilly was trained by Inspector Kim Yates to become an arson investigator.

The idea of using dogs to sniff out flammable liquids at fire scenes first started in the United States, but Tilly has been such a success that she and her owner are off to teach American dogs new tricks.

After a fire has been put out, she sniffs through the debris, and lies down when she finds the cause.

Last year Tilly investigated two hundred and forty-two fires.

And of all the samples she identified, ninety percent tested positive for arson.

According to her trainer, she can sniff out a fraction of a millilitre of petrol in a building after a blaze.

She has been trained to distinguish between the petroleum released from burnt plastics and other petroleum based liquids used to start a fire.

Tilly's reputation for having one of the best noses in the fire investigation business has won her widespread acclaim.

Now, she along with her owner have been invited to the U-S to help train other dogs in her specialised skills.

Cape Town, South Africa, January 16, 1997

1. Dog with owner walking

2. Close-up dog walking next to owner

3. Man pouring liquid over wood

4. Wood burning

5. Close-up dog watching fire

6. Dog runs to fire, sniffs through wood

7. Dog lies down in wood, identifies flammable liquid

8. Flammable liquids put out by policeman, dog identifies

9. Dog being led into cage

10. Close-up dog in cage

KEYWORDS: NATURAL HISTORY

42277 EGYPT: CAIRO: WORLD'S 2ND LARGEST INTERNATIONAL BOOK FAIR OPENS 1/20/97 EF97/0058 04:28:21 - 07:38:03 00:02:10 APTV VARIOUS (THE ABOVE TIME-CODE IS TIME-OF-DAY) English/Nat

Publishing houses from around 80 countries are taking part in the Cairo International Book Fair - the second largest in the world.

Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak opened the two week event which is expected to attract more than three (m) million visitors of all nationalities.

It's one of the Egyptian capital's biggest cultural events - The Cairo International Book Fair.

Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak inaugurated the 29th fair - the largest in the Middle East and the second largest in the world.

Mubarak and Prime Minister Kamal el-Ganzoury toured one of the seven exhibition halls where state and private-run publishing houses from 80 countries are exhibiting.

They also met a number of foreign publishers.

The book fair continues for 13 days and is run by the Egyptian General Book Organisation.

Some four (m) million books are on display but there's also CD-roms and artistic and cultural activities such as literary seminars and poetry readings.

The fair is being held in the slower weeks of Ramadan.

The Nasser City Fair grounds are open all day except during sunset when Muslims go home to break their fast.

One exhibition that has already proved popular with visitors is the Greek stand.

Although it's a small display, the murals and paintings shown in books and on CD-rom depicting the Greek influence on Egyptian history are particularly eye-catching.

SOUNDBITE: (English)

"Try to promote the Greek civilisations abroad and in other countries. One of our activities are to promote the Greek books."

SUPER-CAPTION: Asterios I. Topis, Director of the Foundation For Hellenic Culture, Annex of Alexandria

The booth was organised by the Foundation for Hellenic Culture located in Alexandria, which was one of the most important cities of the Greek empire until the third century AD

Stephan Barthelmess is the project manager of the largest book fair in the world - the Frankfurt Book Fair.