Cars that run on hydrogen and exhaust only water vapor are emerging to challenge electric vehicles as the world's transportation of the future.

At the Los Angeles Auto Show Wednesday, Honda and Hyundai automakers unveiled hydrogen fuel cell vehicles to be delivered to the general public as early as next spring.

Toyota promised a mass-produced fuel cell car by 2015 at the Tokyo car show earlier.

Hyundai Motor Co. will be the first to the mass market in the U.S. It unveiled a hydrogen-powered Tucson small SUV that will be leased to consumers for $499 per month for three years with $3,000 down.

Hydrogen cars are appealing because unlike electric vehicles, they have the range of a typical gasoline car and can be refueled quickly. Experts say the industry also has overcome safety and reliability concerns that have hindered distribution in the past.

But hydrogen cars still have a glaring downside � refueling stations are scarce, and costly to build.

Consumers can expect costs in line with some luxury models.

Hyundai is offering to pay the hydrogen and maintenance costs. The company will start leasing in the Los Angeles area, where most of the state's nine fueling stations are located. California lawmakers have allocated $100 million to build 100 more. Honda wouldn't reveal any pricing details.

Hydrogen cars, experts say, have an advantage over battery-powered electric cars because drivers don't have to worry about running out of electricity and having to wait hours for recharging.

Hydrogen fuel cells use a complex chemical process to separate electrons and protons in hydrogen gas molecules. The electrons power a car's electric motor, which turns the wheels.

Since the hydrogen isn't burned, there's no pollution. Instead, oxygen also is pumped into the system, and when it meets the hydrogen ions and electrons, that creates water and heat. The only byproduct is water.

A fuel cell produces only about one volt of electricity, so many are stacked to generate enough juice.

Toyota said its new fuel cell vehicle will go on sale in Japan in 2015 and within a year later in Europe and U.S.

Toyota's fuel cell car is a "concept" model called FCV that looks like a sleeker Prius gas-electric hybrid.

Honda, which has leased about two-dozen fuel cell cars since 2005, took the wraps off a futuristic-looking FCEV concept vehicle in Los Angeles.

Honda executives predict that it will take five years for the hydrogen refueling stations to reach significant numbers outside California, and up to 25 years to go nationwide.

But skeptics say hydrogen fueling stations are more expensive than electric car charging stations, partly because electricity is almost everywhere and new and safe ways for producing, storing and transferring

hydrogen will be needed.

AP TELEVISION

Wednesday, November 20, 2013

Los Angeles, California

1. Wide, convention floor at Los Angeles Auto Show

2. Wide, pan across cars covered with fabric waiting to be revealed

3. Wide, Chevrolet logo advertising new "Colorado" mid-size pickup truck

4. Medium, smoke and colored lights around new Subaru WRX, silky fabric slides off to unveil new car model in cherry red

5. Medium low, man peers in driver's side door of Subaru WRX

6. Wide, Honda stage with water and lights and concept car under wraps

7. Medium, screen above stage reads reads "Honda FCEV Concept"

8. SOUNDBITE (English) Tetsuo Iwamura, President and CEO, American Honda Motor Co.

"Today we want to focus on what we believe has the potential to become the ultimate solution to realizing ultra-low carbon mobility. And that is the fuel cell electric vehicle."

9. Wide, Iwamura speaks on stage in front of veiled concept car

10. Tight, rear bumper of concept car as Iwarmura walks in front

11. SOUNDBITE (English) Tetsuo Iwamura, President and CEO, American Honda Motor Co."The Honda FCEV concept!" (wide, fabric is whisked off car and music swells)

12. Wide, Honda sign on convention floor

13. Medium, woman tries to open door on concept car

14. Medium, man takes photo of car with cell phone

15. Tight, rear license plate pan up to Honda logo on rear bumper

16. SOUNDBITE (English) John O'Dell, Edmunds.com green vehicle analyst "Hydrogen fuel cells basically mix hydrogen and oxygen together, separate out the electrons and produce the electricity on board. In actuality, a hydrogen fuel cell car is an electric vehicle."

17. Tight, front of Honda concept car, zoom out to entire car

18. Tight, Honda insignia on front of car

19. Medium, photographer takes photo of car 20. SOUNDBITE (English) John O'Dell, Edmunds.com green vehicle analyst "The way Hyundai for instance tests its fuel cell tank? They light the car on fire. They've burnt up entire fuel cell vehicles to see what happens.

The pressure vent on the tank releases, the hydrogen goes up in a fan shape, it burns like a butane lighter, straight up in the air. And it dissipates in a couple of minutes."

21. Tight, curves on concept car, zoom out to entire car

22. Tight, Iwamura speaks to Japanese reporters

23. Medium pan, concept car

24. SOUNDBITE (English) John O'Dell, Edmunds.com green vehicle analyst "It's a more compact package and it's lighter than a big battery pack that you need for a plug-in electric vehicle."

25. Wide, audience waiting for Hyundai press conference

26. Medium, people at Hyundai presser

27. Wide, Hyundai Tucson ix35 hydrogen fuel cell compact SUV spinning slowly

28. Tight, Hyundai fuel cell vehicle spinning 29. Wide, Hyundai stage

30. SOUNDBITE (English) John Krafcik, President and CEO, Hyundai Motor America "You've got driving range of up to 300 miles. You can refuel them in just a few minutes. And there's endless choice in size and configuration.

That's because it's more space- and weight-efficient to multiply the number of fuel cells than it is to multiply the number of batteries."

31. Wide, Krafcik on stage

32. Medium, Hyundai Tucson compact SUV

33. Wide, Toyota display at convention

34. Tight, Toyota sign

35. Tight zoom out to medium, worker polishing Dodge Challenger anniversary edition

36. Medium, model in white dress and boots with Dodge Challenger

LEADIN:

Concept cars and the latest eco-friendly vehicles are being unveiled by Japanese automakers at the Tokyo Motor Show.

Analysts say Japanese car makers are now facing new challengers from outside the traditional auto market, especially from Silicon Valley and China.

STORYLINE:

Toyota Motor Corp. is debuting its Concept-i concept car in Tokyo.

The futuristic-looking vehicle is equipped with autonomous driving features and artificial intelligence technologies.

The vehicles' AI technology allows it to shift to autonomous driving by detecting the driver's mood and condition. It analyses the driver's facial expressions and behaviour.

The automaker is also introducing this Fine-Comfort Ride, a new fuel cell concept car that can run 1,000 kilometres.

That's 50 percent longer than its predecessor, the Mirai, the world's first mass-produced hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, which went on sale in 2014.

The company is also showing a hybrid sports car concept, named the GRHV Sports concept.

Toyota Motor Corp. executive vice president Didier Leroy, stressed the importance of keeping Toyota's ability to develop zero-emissions and smart models using various technologies, not just focusing on electric vehicles.

"In the world, the development of the infrastructure for the fuel cell or for the charging for the batteries will be developed at different speeds based on the countries, based on the government and strategy and so on and also based on private investment," he says.

"That means we must be ready for all the different kind of technologies. And at the same time, we know that urban mobility will go probably much faster to pure battery EV, long distance will go probably much faster to fuel cells.

"So, we must be ready for all the technologies at the same time. And we are developing all the technologies because we want to provide the right car, at the right time, at the right place, everywhere in the world."

Despite being a pioneer in hybrid technology, Toyota has been slow to embrace EVs.

But with the market rapidly expanding, the company is moving to boost its efforts in EV production through a capital tie-up with Mazda Motor Corp.

Nissan Motor Co. is showcasing its IMx zero-emission concept with automated driving technology and a range of over 600 kilometres.

The company says the design enables safer, more convenient and more enjoyable driving.

Nissan executive vice president for global marketing and sales Daniele Schillaci says the concept model isn't a far-flung idea, but something possible in the "very near future."

"This Nissan IMx zero-emission concept is not just an idea," he says.

"It's our view of future of mobility and not in a distant future, but in the very near future."

Nissan, a leading EV maker with its well-established Leaf model, is also unveiling its Leaf Nismo Concept car.

It's a sporty version of the Leaf electric vehicle developed and launched in September.

Analysts say Japanese auto makers have been leading the industry for years.

But they're now facing a new environment, competing with newcomers outside traditional auto market and outside the technology they've excelled in.

"The Japanese used to be technology leaders, but really what they're finding is that they, like all global makers, are being pressured by new comers, not only from Silicon Valley, but from China," says Hans Greimel, Asia editor of Automotive News.

"So, they really have to up their game. And, they're stepping into technology areas where they don't have a lot of expertise.

"We're talking things like robotics, software, artificial intelligence. That's the kind of technology that's gonna be driving the next generation, the future generation of cars and that's where they're really struggling to step up their game."

Mitsubishi Motor Corporation is introducing its e-EVOLUTION concept, a high performance all electric crossover SUV.

The sporty EV is equipped with AI to help with off-roading.

Honda Motor Co. is showcasing this Sports EV Concept, built upon an EV-specific platform with AI technology.

Honda hopes to present "a next-generation sports car" and "a stylish form of a compact car" with the concept model.

Japanese auto giants, such as Toyota, Nissan, Mitsubishi and Honda are among over 150 companies and organisations exhibiting at the annual Tokyo Motor Show.

The event opens to the pubic 28 October and runs till 5 November.

Tokyo, Japan - 25 October 2017

1. Various of Toyota's Concept-i being unveiled and Didier Leroy, Executive Vice President, Toyota Motor Corp., coming on the stage

2. SOUNDBITE (English) Didier Leroy, Executive Vice President, Toyota Motor Corp.:

"Akio Toyoda (Toyota President) said those who exceed others in their passion to make ever better society will be the leading player in future mobility."

3. Various of Concept-i

4. Various of GRHV Sports concept

5. Various of Fine-Comfort Ride

6. SOUNDBITE (English) Didier Leroy, Executive Vice President, Toyota Motor Corp.:

"In the world, the development of the infrastructure for the fuel cells or for the charging for the batteries will be developed at different speeds based on the countries, based on the government and strategy and so on and also based on private investment. That means we must be ready for all the different kind of technologies. And at the same time, we know that urban mobility will go probably much faster to pure battery EV, long distance will go probably much faster to fuel cells. So, we must be ready for all the technologies at the same time. And we are developing all the technologies because we want to provide the right car, at the right time, at the right place, everywhere in the world."

7. Various of Nissan unveiling IMx zero-emission concept, pan to Nissan executive vice president for global marketing and sales Daniele Schillaci

8. SOUNDBITE (English) Daniele Schillaci, Nissan executive vice president for global marketing and sales:

"This Nissan IMx zero-emission concept is not just an idea. It's our view of future of mobility and not in a distant future, but in the very near future."

9. Various of IMx zero-emission concept

10. Various of Nissan Leaf Nismo concept

Tokyo, Japan - 23 October 2017

11. Setup shot of Hans Greimel, Asia Editor, Automotive News

12. SOUNDBITE (English) Hans Greimel, Asia Editor, Automotive News

"The Japanese used to be technology leaders, but really what they're finding is that they, like all global makers, are being pressured by new comers, not only from Silicon Valley, but from China. So, they really have to up their game. And, they're stepping into technology areas where they don't have a lot of expertise. We're talking things like robotics, software, artificial intelligence. That's the kind of technology that's gonna be driving the next generation, the future generation of cars and that's where they're really struggling to step up their game."

Tokyo, Japan - 25 October 2017

13. Various of Mitsubishi e-EVOLUTION concept

14. Various of Honda Sports EV concept

LEADIN:

Concept cars and the latest eco-friendly vehicles are being unveiled by Japanese automakers at the Tokyo Motor Show.

Analysts say Japanese car makers are now facing new challengers from outside the traditional auto market, especially from Silicon Valley and China.

STORYLINE:

Toyota Motor Corp. is debuting its Concept-i concept car in Tokyo.

The futuristic-looking vehicle is equipped with autonomous driving features and artificial intelligence technologies.

The vehicles' AI technology allows it to shift to autonomous driving by detecting the driver's mood and condition. It analyses the driver's facial expressions and behaviour.

The automaker is also introducing this Fine-Comfort Ride, a new fuel cell concept car that can run 1,000 kilometres.

That's 50 percent longer than its predecessor, the Mirai, the world's first mass-produced hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, which went on sale in 2014.

The company is also showing a hybrid sports car concept, named the GRHV Sports concept.

Toyota Motor Corp. executive vice president Didier Leroy, stressed the importance of keeping Toyota's ability to develop zero-emissions and smart models using various technologies, not just focusing on electric vehicles.

"In the world, the development of the infrastructure for the fuel cell or for the charging for the batteries will be developed at different speeds based on the countries, based on the government and strategy and so on and also based on private investment," he says.

"That means we must be ready for all the different kind of technologies. And at the same time, we know that urban mobility will go probably much faster to pure battery EV, long distance will go probably much faster to fuel cells.

"So, we must be ready for all the technologies at the same time. And we are developing all the technologies because we want to provide the right car, at the right time, at the right place, everywhere in the world."

Despite being a pioneer in hybrid technology, Toyota has been slow to embrace EVs.

But with the market rapidly expanding, the company is moving to boost its efforts in EV production through a capital tie-up with Mazda Motor Corp.

Nissan Motor Co. is showcasing its IMx zero-emission concept with automated driving technology and a range of over 600 kilometres.

The company says the design enables safer, more convenient and more enjoyable driving.

Nissan executive vice president for global marketing and sales Daniele Schillaci says the concept model isn't a far-flung idea, but something possible in the "very near future."

"This Nissan IMx zero-emission concept is not just an idea," he says.

"It's our view of future of mobility and not in a distant future, but in the very near future."

Nissan, a leading EV maker with its well-established Leaf model, is also unveiling its Leaf Nismo Concept car.

It's a sporty version of the Leaf electric vehicle developed and launched in September.

Analysts say Japanese auto makers have been leading the industry for years.

But they're now facing a new environment, competing with newcomers outside traditional auto market and outside the technology they've excelled in.

"The Japanese used to be technology leaders, but really what they're finding is that they, like all global makers, are being pressured by new comers, not only from Silicon Valley, but from China," says Hans Greimel, Asia editor of Automotive News.

"So, they really have to up their game. And, they're stepping into technology areas where they don't have a lot of expertise.

"We're talking things like robotics, software, artificial intelligence. That's the kind of technology that's gonna be driving the next generation, the future generation of cars and that's where they're really struggling to step up their game."

Mitsubishi Motor Corporation is introducing its e-EVOLUTION concept, a high performance all electric crossover SUV.

The sporty EV is equipped with AI to help with off-roading.

Honda Motor Co. is showcasing this Sports EV Concept, built upon an EV-specific platform with AI technology.

Honda hopes to present "a next-generation sports car" and "a stylish form of a compact car" with the concept model.

Japanese auto giants, such as Toyota, Nissan, Mitsubishi and Honda are among over 150 companies and organisations exhibiting at the annual Tokyo Motor Show.

The event opens to the pubic 28 October and runs till 5 November.

Tokyo, Japan - 25 October 2017

1. Various of Toyota's Concept-i being unveiled and Didier Leroy, Executive Vice President, Toyota Motor Corp., coming on the stage

2. SOUNDBITE (English) Didier Leroy, Executive Vice President, Toyota Motor Corp.:

"Akio Toyoda (Toyota President) said those who exceed others in their passion to make ever better society will be the leading player in future mobility."

3. Various of Concept-i

4. Various of GRHV Sports concept

5. Various of Fine-Comfort Ride

6. SOUNDBITE (English) Didier Leroy, Executive Vice President, Toyota Motor Corp.:

"In the world, the development of the infrastructure for the fuel cells or for the charging for the batteries will be developed at different speeds based on the countries, based on the government and strategy and so on and also based on private investment. That means we must be ready for all the different kind of technologies. And at the same time, we know that urban mobility will go probably much faster to pure battery EV, long distance will go probably much faster to fuel cells. So, we must be ready for all the technologies at the same time. And we are developing all the technologies because we want to provide the right car, at the right time, at the right place, everywhere in the world."

7. Various of Nissan unveiling IMx zero-emission concept, pan to Nissan executive vice president for global marketing and sales Daniele Schillaci

8. SOUNDBITE (English) Daniele Schillaci, Nissan executive vice president for global marketing and sales:

"This Nissan IMx zero-emission concept is not just an idea. It's our view of future of mobility and not in a distant future, but in the very near future."

9. Various of IMx zero-emission concept

10. Various of Nissan Leaf Nismo concept

Tokyo, Japan - 23 October 2017

11. Setup shot of Hans Greimel, Asia Editor, Automotive News

12. SOUNDBITE (English) Hans Greimel, Asia Editor, Automotive News

"The Japanese used to be technology leaders, but really what they're finding is that they, like all global makers, are being pressured by new comers, not only from Silicon Valley, but from China. So, they really have to up their game. And, they're stepping into technology areas where they don't have a lot of expertise. We're talking things like robotics, software, artificial intelligence. That's the kind of technology that's gonna be driving the next generation, the future generation of cars and that's where they're really struggling to step up their game."

Tokyo, Japan - 25 October 2017

13. Various of Mitsubishi e-EVOLUTION concept

14. Various of Honda Sports EV concept

LEADIN:

Concept cars and the latest eco-friendly vehicles are being unveiled by Japanese automakers at the Tokyo Motor Show.

Analysts say Japanese car makers are now facing new challengers from outside the traditional auto market, especially from Silicon Valley and China.

STORYLINE:

Toyota Motor Corp. is debuting its Concept-i concept car in Tokyo.

The futuristic-looking vehicle is equipped with autonomous driving features and artificial intelligence technologies.

The vehicles' AI technology allows it to shift to autonomous driving by detecting the driver's mood and condition. It analyses the driver's facial expressions and behaviour.

The automaker is also introducing this Fine-Comfort Ride, a new fuel cell concept car that can run 1,000 kilometres.

That's 50 percent longer than its predecessor, the Mirai, the world's first mass-produced hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, which went on sale in 2014.

The company is also showing a hybrid sports car concept, named the GRHV Sports concept.

Toyota Motor Corp. executive vice president Didier Leroy, stressed the importance of keeping Toyota's ability to develop zero-emissions and smart models using various technologies, not just focusing on electric vehicles.

"In the world, the development of the infrastructure for the fuel cell or for the charging for the batteries will be developed at different speeds based on the countries, based on the government and strategy and so on and also based on private investment," he says.

"That means we must be ready for all the different kind of technologies. And at the same time, we know that urban mobility will go probably much faster to pure battery EV, long distance will go probably much faster to fuel cells.

"So, we must be ready for all the technologies at the same time. And we are developing all the technologies because we want to provide the right car, at the right time, at the right place, everywhere in the world."

Despite being a pioneer in hybrid technology, Toyota has been slow to embrace EVs.

But with the market rapidly expanding, the company is moving to boost its efforts in EV production through a capital tie-up with Mazda Motor Corp.

Nissan Motor Co. is showcasing its IMx zero-emission concept with automated driving technology and a range of over 600 kilometres.

The company says the design enables safer, more convenient and more enjoyable driving.

Nissan executive vice president for global marketing and sales Daniele Schillaci says the concept model isn't a far-flung idea, but something possible in the "very near future."

"This Nissan IMx zero-emission concept is not just an idea," he says.

"It's our view of future of mobility and not in a distant future, but in the very near future."

Nissan, a leading EV maker with its well-established Leaf model, is also unveiling its Leaf Nismo Concept car.

It's a sporty version of the Leaf electric vehicle developed and launched in September.

Analysts say Japanese auto makers have been leading the industry for years.

But they're now facing a new environment, competing with newcomers outside traditional auto market and outside the technology they've excelled in.

"The Japanese used to be technology leaders, but really what they're finding is that they, like all global makers, are being pressured by new comers, not only from Silicon Valley, but from China," says Hans Greimel, Asia editor of Automotive News.

"So, they really have to up their game. And, they're stepping into technology areas where they don't have a lot of expertise.

"We're talking things like robotics, software, artificial intelligence. That's the kind of technology that's gonna be driving the next generation, the future generation of cars and that's where they're really struggling to step up their game."

Mitsubishi Motor Corporation is introducing its e-EVOLUTION concept, a high performance all electric crossover SUV.

The sporty EV is equipped with AI to help with off-roading.

Honda Motor Co. is showcasing this Sports EV Concept, built upon an EV-specific platform with AI technology.

Honda hopes to present "a next-generation sports car" and "a stylish form of a compact car" with the concept model.

Japanese auto giants, such as Toyota, Nissan, Mitsubishi and Honda are among over 150 companies and organisations exhibiting at the annual Tokyo Motor Show.

The event opens to the pubic 28 October and runs till 5 November.

Tokyo, Japan - 25 October 2017

1. Various of Toyota's Concept-i being unveiled and Didier Leroy, Executive Vice President, Toyota Motor Corp., coming on the stage

2. SOUNDBITE (English) Didier Leroy, Executive Vice President, Toyota Motor Corp.:

"Akio Toyoda (Toyota President) said those who exceed others in their passion to make ever better society will be the leading player in future mobility."

3. Various of Concept-i

4. Various of GRHV Sports concept

5. Various of Fine-Comfort Ride

6. SOUNDBITE (English) Didier Leroy, Executive Vice President, Toyota Motor Corp.:

"In the world, the development of the infrastructure for the fuel cells or for the charging for the batteries will be developed at different speeds based on the countries, based on the government and strategy and so on and also based on private investment. That means we must be ready for all the different kind of technologies. And at the same time, we know that urban mobility will go probably much faster to pure battery EV, long distance will go probably much faster to fuel cells. So, we must be ready for all the technologies at the same time. And we are developing all the technologies because we want to provide the right car, at the right time, at the right place, everywhere in the world."

7. Various of Nissan unveiling IMx zero-emission concept, pan to Nissan executive vice president for global marketing and sales Daniele Schillaci

8. SOUNDBITE (English) Daniele Schillaci, Nissan executive vice president for global marketing and sales:

"This Nissan IMx zero-emission concept is not just an idea. It's our view of future of mobility and not in a distant future, but in the very near future."

9. Various of IMx zero-emission concept

10. Various of Nissan Leaf Nismo concept

Tokyo, Japan - 23 October 2017

11. Setup shot of Hans Greimel, Asia Editor, Automotive News

12. SOUNDBITE (English) Hans Greimel, Asia Editor, Automotive News

"The Japanese used to be technology leaders, but really what they're finding is that they, like all global makers, are being pressured by new comers, not only from Silicon Valley, but from China. So, they really have to up their game. And, they're stepping into technology areas where they don't have a lot of expertise. We're talking things like robotics, software, artificial intelligence. That's the kind of technology that's gonna be driving the next generation, the future generation of cars and that's where they're really struggling to step up their game."

Tokyo, Japan - 25 October 2017

13. Various of Mitsubishi e-EVOLUTION concept

14. Various of Honda Sports EV concept

FOR CLEAN VERSION SEE STORY NUMBER: 4058125

LEAD IN:

The future of driving may be here sooner than you think - that's the message at the Paris Motor Show where out-of-this world concept cars reveal the plans of vehicle makers in the coming years.

Among the avant-garde designs is a car seat inspired by a spider's web, and a new breed of electric vehicles.

STORY-LINE:

This is French car maker Renault's new Trezor concept car.

It's an all-electric Grand Tourer concept, delivering zero to 62 miles per hour in under four seconds.

Giving clues to Renault's future electric strategy, Trezor's high-output all-electric power train boasts 260 kW or 350 horse power.

And there's no need to worry about doors - the one-piece clam shell roof opens like a lid.

Renault says this two-seater electric coupe embodies its new design philosophy, which may not be too distant from reality.

"The car will be electric, fully electric, that's clearly the destination because that's the only way to come to zero emissions in use and that's something the industry needs to do to comply and to solve the issues of pollution and CO2 questions," says Eric Feunteun from Renault.

"Second, it's going to be very connected. We've seen today we are paving the way, but we have more to come. And of course, autonomous. And all those three concepts, electric, autonomous and connected will clearly be linked together."

Daimler's new Mercedes-Benz Generation EQ concept car may look like a far-flung vision of the future, but its makers say it will soon become a reality.

With the design of a sporty SUV coupe, this EQ concept boasts two electric motors with a range of around 500 kilometres.

The 300 kW output allows acceleration to 100 kilometres an hour in under five seconds. Charging is optimised to give enough battery life for 100 kilometres in just five minutes.

Daimler's Dieter Zetsche says it's this kind of technology which will eventually convince drivers to make the jump from combustion engines to all-electric battery power.

"We will be able - based on the progress in technology - to offer that car with a range of more than 500 kilometres practical use with recharging time of less than half an hour and all of that at an affordable price it will be in the range of a good-equipped GLC of our current product line-up," he says.

"And we are convinced with all the additional features this product includes that we really have now the chance, just on a competitive basis, to convince customers to buy these cars versus the cars with combustion engine drive lines."

French brand Citroen is showing off this new CXperience concept car which reveals its ambitions in the upmarket sector.

The saloon with rear-hinged doors gives extra room in this citrus green interior. It's fitted with a plug-in hybrid engine in a bid to combine both performance and efficiency.

That means in the city it can be switched into all-electric mode with a range of around 60 kilometres. But when on the open road the internal combustion engines takes over to deliver 300 brake horse power performance.

"With this concept we want to show that Citroen is able to shave the codes, to overturn the established codes for instance in terms of design, you see that it's a really unique shape," says Richard Meyer from Citroen.

"What we want is that everybody in the street can say; 'Oh, I can see this vehicle, for sure it's a Citroen."

While most automakers here at the Paris Motor Show are looking under the bonnet and incorporating new battery-powered technology, Lexus - Toyota's luxury division - is looking in the cockpit.

The brand's new UX concept features web-like seating in the front.

It's inspired by this Kinetic Seat concept which works to move kinetically with the occupants weight and external forces, this - Lexus claims - helps stabilise head movement caused by the vehicle's motion.

The spider web-inspired design - like an actual spider web - helps disperse the load and closely fit the body shape, meaning a more comfortable experience for long drives.

"The spider web-like pattern like any other spider web in nature the radial strings are responsible to hold the body weight," explains Carlos Gonzalez from Toyota's vehicle engineering development division.

"The perpendicular loading versus the radial strings the closer loops we have in the net, they are responsible for distributing the pressure but also for transmitting the rotational torque that happens in the upper body by having this swing mechanism that we have in the sub frame."

The majority of concept cars at the Paris Motor Show are closer to reality than this Toyota FCV Plus fuel cell vehicle.

That's because car makers are looking into the not too distant future where emission regulations force their hand into producing more battery-powered and greener designs, says Jim Holder from UK-based motoring magazine 'Autocar'.

"Not all the concept cars are electric,but a lot of them are," he says. "The electric movement really is gathering pace, legislation demands that it does and the car makers are starting to see that customers finally are willing to busy electrified cars, whether that's through a hybrid car that combines traditional power train and electrification or full electric, there is a market there now and it's growing and all the manufacturers have to get in on that and sell these cars in order to meet their emissions targets."

The Paris Motor Show opens to the public 1-16 October.

Paris, France - 29 September 2016

1. Wide of Renault Trezor concept car unveil at the Paris Motor Show

2. Various of Renault Trezor concept car

3. SOUNDBITE (English) Eric Feunteun, Head of electric program, Renault:

"The car will be electric, fully electric, that's clearly the destination because that's the only way to come to zero emissions in use and that's something the industry needs to do to comply and to solve the issues of pollution and CO2 questions. Second, it's going to be very connected. We've seen today we are paving the way, but we have more to come. And of course, autonomous. And all those three concepts, electric, autonomous and connected will clearly be linked together."

4. Various of Mercedes-Benz Generation EQ concept car

5. SOUNDBITE (English) Dieter Zetsche, CEO of Daimler AG:

"We will be able - based on the progress in technology - to offer that car with a range of more than 500 kilometres in practical use with recharging time of less than half an hour and all of that at an affordable price which will be in the range of a good-equipped GLC ( car model) of our current product line-up. And we are convinced with all the additional features this product includes that we really have now the chance, just on a competitive basis, to convince customers to buy these cars versus the cars with combustion engine drive lines."

6. Various of Citroen CXperience concept car

7. SOUNDBITE (English) Richard Meyer, Head of Production Planning and Future Products, Citroen:

"With this concept we want to show that Citroen is able to shave the codes, to overturn the established codes, for instance in terms of design, you see that it's a really unique shape. What we want is that everybody in the street can say; 'Oh, I can see this vehicle, for sure it's a Citroen."

8. Various of Lexus UX concept car

9. Various of webbing-style seats inside Lexus UX concept car

10. Various of Lexus Kinetic Seat concept with spider web-style design

11. SOUNDBITE (English) Carlos Gonzalez, Vehicle Engineering Development Division, Toyota:

"The spider web-like pattern like any other spider web in nature, the radial strings are responsible to hold the body weight, the perpendicular loading versus the radial strings. The closer loops that we have in the net, they are responsible for distributing the pressure but also for transmitting the rotational torque that happens in the upper body by having this swing mechanism that we have in the sub frame."

12. Various of Toyota FCV Plus concept car

13. SOUNDBITE (English) Jim Holder, Editorial Director, 'Autocar' Magazine:

"Not all of the concept cars are electric,but a lot of them are. The electric movement really is gathering pace, legislation demands that it does and the car makers are starting to see that customers finally are willing to busy electrified cars, whether that's through a hybrid car that combines traditional power train and electrification or full electric, there is a market there now and it's growing and all the manufacturers have to get in on that and sell these cars in order to meet their emissions targets."

14. Various of Mitsubishi GT-PHEV concept car

15. Wide of Paris Motor Show floor

LEAD IN:

The future of driving may be here sooner than you think - that's the message at the Paris Motor Show where out-of-this world concept cars reveal the plans of vehicle makers in the coming years.

Among the avant-garde designs is a car seat inspired by a spider's web, and a new breed of electric vehicles.

STORY-LINE:

This is French car maker Renault's new Trezor concept car.

It's an all-electric Grand Tourer concept, delivering zero to 62 miles per hour in under four seconds.

Giving clues to Renault's future electric strategy, Trezor's high-output all-electric power train boasts 260 kW or 350 horse power.

And there's no need to worry about doors - the one-piece clam shell roof opens like a lid.

Renault says this two-seater electric coupe embodies its new design philosophy, which may not be too distant from reality.

"The car will be electric, fully electric, that's clearly the destination because that's the only way to come to zero emissions in use and that's something the industry needs to do to comply and to solve the issues of pollution and CO2 questions," says Eric Feunteun from Renault.

"Second, it's going to be very connected. We've seen today we are paving the way, but we have more to come. And of course, autonomous. And all those three concepts, electric, autonomous and connected will clearly be linked together."

Daimler's new Mercedes-Benz Generation EQ concept car may look like a far-flung vision of the future, but its makers say it will soon become a reality.

With the design of a sporty SUV coupe, this EQ concept boasts two electric motors with a range of around 500 kilometres.

The 300 kW output allows acceleration to 100 kilometres an hour in under five seconds. Charging is optimised to give enough battery life for 100 kilometres in just five minutes.

Daimler's Dieter Zetsche says it's this kind of technology which will eventually convince drivers to make the jump from combustion engines to all-electric battery power.

"We will be able - based on the progress in technology - to offer that car with a range of more than 500 kilometres practical use with recharging time of less than half an hour and all of that at an affordable price it will be in the range of a good-equipped GLC of our current product line-up," he says.

"And we are convinced with all the additional features this product includes that we really have now the chance, just on a competitive basis, to convince customers to buy these cars versus the cars with combustion engine drive lines."

French brand Citroen is showing off this new CXperience concept car which reveals its ambitions in the upmarket sector.

The saloon with rear-hinged doors gives extra room in this citrus green interior. It's fitted with a plug-in hybrid engine in a bid to combine both performance and efficiency.

That means in the city it can be switched into all-electric mode with a range of around 60 kilometres. But when on the open road the internal combustion engines takes over to deliver 300 brake horse power performance.

"With this concept we want to show that Citroen is able to shave the codes, to overturn the established codes for instance in terms of design, you see that it's a really unique shape," says Richard Meyer from Citroen.

"What we want is that everybody in the street can say; 'Oh, I can see this vehicle, for sure it's a Citroen."

While most automakers here at the Paris Motor Show are looking under the bonnet and incorporating new battery-powered technology, Lexus - Toyota's luxury division - is looking in the cockpit.

The brand's new UX concept features web-like seating in the front.

It's inspired by this Kinetic Seat concept which works to move kinetically with the occupants weight and external forces, this - Lexus claims - helps stabilise head movement caused by the vehicle's motion.

The spider web-inspired design - like an actual spider web - helps disperse the load and closely fit the body shape, meaning a more comfortable experience for long drives.

"The spider web-like pattern like any other spider web in nature the radial strings are responsible to hold the body weight," explains Carlos Gonzalez from Toyota's vehicle engineering development division.

"The perpendicular loading versus the radial strings the closer loops we have in the net, they are responsible for distributing the pressure but also for transmitting the rotational torque that happens in the upper body by having this swing mechanism that we have in the sub frame."

The majority of concept cars at the Paris Motor Show are closer to reality than this Toyota FCV Plus fuel cell vehicle.

That's because car makers are looking into the not too distant future where emission regulations force their hand into producing more battery-powered and greener designs, says Jim Holder from UK-based motoring magazine 'Autocar'.

"Not all the concept cars are electric,but a lot of them are," he says. "The electric movement really is gathering pace, legislation demands that it does and the car makers are starting to see that customers finally are willing to busy electrified cars, whether that's through a hybrid car that combines traditional power train and electrification or full electric, there is a market there now and it's growing and all the manufacturers have to get in on that and sell these cars in order to meet their emissions targets."

The Paris Motor Show opens to the public 1-16 October.

Paris, France - 29 September 2016

1. Wide of Renault Trezor concept car unveil at the Paris Motor Show

2. Various of Renault Trezor concept car

3. SOUNDBITE (English) Eric Feunteun, Head of electric program, Renault:

"The car will be electric, fully electric, that's clearly the destination because that's the only way to come to zero emissions in use and that's something the industry needs to do to comply and to solve the issues of pollution and CO2 questions. Second, it's going to be very connected. We've seen today we are paving the way, but we have more to come. And of course, autonomous. And all those three concepts, electric, autonomous and connected will clearly be linked together."

4. Various of Mercedes-Benz Generation EQ concept car

5. SOUNDBITE (English) Dieter Zetsche, CEO of Daimler AG:

"We will be able - based on the progress in technology - to offer that car with a range of more than 500 kilometres in practical use with recharging time of less than half an hour and all of that at an affordable price which will be in the range of a good-equipped GLC ( car model) of our current product line-up. And we are convinced with all the additional features this product includes that we really have now the chance, just on a competitive basis, to convince customers to buy these cars versus the cars with combustion engine drive lines."

6. Various of Citroen CXperience concept car

7. SOUNDBITE (English) Richard Meyer, Head of Production Planning and Future Products, Citroen:

"With this concept we want to show that Citroen is able to shave the codes, to overturn the established codes, for instance in terms of design, you see that it's a really unique shape. What we want is that everybody in the street can say; 'Oh, I can see this vehicle, for sure it's a Citroen."

8. Various of Lexus UX concept car

9. Various of webbing-style seats inside Lexus UX concept car

10. Various of Lexus Kinetic Seat concept with spider web-style design

11. SOUNDBITE (English) Carlos Gonzalez, Vehicle Engineering Development Division, Toyota:

"The spider web-like pattern like any other spider web in nature, the radial strings are responsible to hold the body weight, the perpendicular loading versus the radial strings. The closer loops that we have in the net, they are responsible for distributing the pressure but also for transmitting the rotational torque that happens in the upper body by having this swing mechanism that we have in the sub frame."

12. Various of Toyota FCV Plus concept car

13. SOUNDBITE (English) Jim Holder, Editorial Director, 'Autocar' Magazine:

"Not all of the concept cars are electric,but a lot of them are. The electric movement really is gathering pace, legislation demands that it does and the car makers are starting to see that customers finally are willing to busy electrified cars, whether that's through a hybrid car that combines traditional power train and electrification or full electric, there is a market there now and it's growing and all the manufacturers have to get in on that and sell these cars in order to meet their emissions targets."

14. Various of Mitsubishi GT-PHEV concept car

15. Wide of Paris Motor Show floor

SHOTLIST

Llanelli - 24 April, 2008

1. Various of sports car on road

2. SOUNDBITE: (English) Tim Bishop, Connaught Motors, Engineering Director

"We're riding in the very first prototype car, so it's a bit noisy and harsh, but this is a supercharged car, which is pretty fast and manages to do about 22 miles to the gallon, and 170 miles per hour, and seat four people."

3. Various of sports car on road

4. Mid of Geoff Matthews getting into sports car

5. Various of Matthews inside car

6. SOUNDBITE: (English) Geoff Matthews, Connaught Motors, operations director

"Behind me is the Connaught motor car, which is not yet available to the public, but is rather unique, in that it has a hybrid assist system, which is bolted to the front of a unique V10 engine. In fact the whole car is new from the ground up."

7. Close of petrol cap

8. Close of V10 badge

9. SOUNDBITE: (English) Geoff Matthews, Connaught Motors, operations director

"So, you should be able to save, shall we say 15 to 25 per cent fuel and an exact equivalent reduction in CO2 emissions."

10. Zoom into car interior

11. SOUNDBITE: (English) Geoff Matthews, Connaught Motors, operations director

"The car gave birth to the only retrofit hybrid system technology currently available in the world today. So it's a version of this system, and it's fitted to a Transit van."

12. Wide of white Ford Transit van, with Tony Martindale walking towards front of van

13. Mid of Martindale opening front of van

14. Various close of hybrid engine

15. SOUNDBITE: (English) Tony Martindale, Connaught Motors, Chief Operations Director

"The unique thing about the technology we've employed is, as you're aware it was developed on the Connaught Type D, which is a petrol installation. And it's 100 per cent retrofit, so the hybrid system that we employ in the vehicle is less than 50 kilograms, it get bolted to an existing van, so straight off the line, so if you drive a fleet of Transits, we can install in less than a day for you."

16. Various close of hybrid retrofit engine

17. Wide of van

18. Close Transit badge

19. Mid of hybrid logo

20. Close of hybrid logo

London - 30 April, 2008

21. Set up of Dan Strong at desk

22. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dan Strong, Auto Express, motoring editor

"Retrofitting hybrids is a really interesting idea and beneficial on a number of levels. First of all, it allows the technology to be fitted to a wider group of vehicles, than those I mentioned before. Secondly it allows the technology to be developed independent of the car. Developing cars is a very expensive experience for any manufacturer. So to be able to just focus on the hybrid unit, the power train effectively, could offer efficiencies and costs savings."

23. Mid of Strong at desk

25. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dan Strong, Auto Express, motoring editor

"Hybrid cars have been under development for some time now. One company that has had particular success is Toyota. Toyota built the Prius, and under the Lexus badge they also build cars like the LS600H and the GS450H. All three of these cars have had commercial success. They've also proved to be reliable and really have dealt consumers the kind of savings they were hoping to make. Particularly here in central London, where we have the congestion charge, from which hybrids are currently exempt."

26. Various of cars and buses on road

27. Wide of exterior of Toyota car dealership

28. Various of hybrid cars

29. Various of Toyota Prius

30. Close of hybrid badge

31. Close pan of front of car

32. Various close of engine

LEAD IN:

A small Welsh car maker has developed an innovative hybrid engine that may help in reducing harmful carbon emissions.

Initially made for a high performance car, the retrofit hybrid engine can now be fitted to commercial vehicles.

The makers claim the new engine can reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 15 to 25 per cent.

STORYLINE:

As big car manufacturers try to woo potential customers with 'greener' cars, one small company has come up with its own way to reduce carbon emissions.

Based in an unassuming Welsh industrial estate, the Connaught Motor Company has developed a new kind of hybrid engine.

Traditionally the company has been known for its high-end, high-performance vehicles.

Its heyday was in 1955, when one of the company's cars won the Sicilian Grand Prix.

However, production stopped in the following decades.

Then in 2002 the company was relaunched by a small team of passionate car lovers.

Since then a series of new prototype vehicles have been developed.

Tim Bishop, the engineering director, says the first prototype is a supercharged vehicle, capable of reaching speeds of 170 miles per hour (273 kilometres per hour).

From this first prototype, they begun developing a hybrid version.

The result was the Connaught Type D, this sporty number comes equipped with a hybrid assist unit, bolted to a V10 engine.

The company claims that the Type D V10 sports coupe will deliver a 30 percent reduction in CO2 emissions compared to vehicles in its class, with a hybrid engine capable of taking to the car from 0-60 miles per hour in 6.2 seconds to a top speed of 150mph (241 kilometres per hour).

Priced between 45,000 UK pounds (US$88,800) to 80,000 UK pounds (US$160,000) depending on specifications.

Connaught is pitching the car between a Jaguar and the Aston Martin.

For now the Type D is unavailable to the public, but production should start in 2008.

Matthews says the hybrid engine can reduce total fuel consumption by around 15 to 25 per cent.

This unique hybrid engine has spawned a new line of business for Connaught.

Matthews says development of the sports car led to the first retro-fitted hybrid engine available for commercial vehicles.

Connaught Engineering Ltd has invested12 million pounds (US$24 million) to commission a factory to produce a CO2 emissions-cutting engine component that can be retro-fitted to commercial vans.

The retro-fitted engines can be attached to an ordinary Ford Transit van.

Standing by one of the vans equipped with the retro-fit engine is Tony Martindale, the Chief Operations Director.

He says they can install the lightweight engines to vans in less than a day.

Each retro-fit engine weighs less than 50 kilograms.

The company won a 3.4 million pound (US$6.7 million) grant from the Welsh assembly.

Tesco PLC, Britain's largest grocer, is one of several companies currently testing Connaught's hybrid retro-fit system using the technology on its fleet of home delivery vans.

If successful, Connaught expects orders of around 4,000 units a year.

Dan Strong, motoring editor of Auto Express, says retro-fitting engines is very cost effective, because there is no need to develop new vehicles.

In addition, it means the engines can be fitted to a wider group of vehicles, according to Strong.

Nonetheless, there are a number of car manufacturers that have launched their own hybrid cars.

Strong says Toyota has had some success with its Prius model.

He adds consumers are looking for vehicles which can save them money, especially in central London where hybrid cars are exempt from the congestion charge.

Once a car crosses the congestion charge zone between 7am and 6pm on a weekday, the cost to the private driver is eight pounds (US$15.8) a day.

Car makers are developing new models of 'eco cars', aimed at meeting new targets set by the European Union.

Those targets mean automobile manufacturers will have to cut car emissions by 2012 or face big fines.

The proposal will force automakers to reduce average carbon dioxide emissions from new cars sold in the EU from around 160 grams per kilometre to 130 grams starting in 2012.

LEADIN:

The future is already here, that's the message at the Geneva International Motor Show as car makers debut futuristic creations.

Experts say as the industry moves towards digitised, battery-powered, self-driving technology, once wacky concept creations are now becoming a reality.

STORYLINE:

Could this be a vision of our future.

This is the QUANT 48VOLT, a high performance electric design by Zurich research and development centre nanoFlowcell.

But unlike many of the cars on the Geneva Motor Show floor, this is not headed for the production lines, it's instead a demonstration vehicle for how electric flowcell technology might change motoring.

Quant is equipped with a 48 V Low-Voltage Flow Cell Drive which delivers 300 kilometres per hour and zero to 100 kilometres in 2.4 seconds.

The flowcell technology promises a range of over 1,000 kilometres on a single charge, working on a low battery voltage of 48 volts.

Ralf Kaiser from nanoFlowcell says they created the QUANT to provide "perspective" on how electric power can change mobility.

"When I see many manufacturers, they do not have a perspective on electric mobility. You have individual business cases, like Tesla, but you do not have a future concept for electric mobility," he says.

"You have a lot of alibi cars because no-one wants to have fingers pointed at them; 'Oh, you don't have any electric car,' But if you ask for a long-term strategy there is none because the current technology doesn't provide a perspective. And this is why we are here."

Across the show floor, Toyota Europe are showcasing this EV vehicle, but the focus is not what's under the hood, but over it.

The i-TRIL is intended as a viable alternative to passenger cars, public transport or motorcycles for short, inner city journeys.

The idea is it can be used for short, city-centre commutes or perhaps picking up the kids from school.

But not too many kids, the i-TRIL boasts just two passenger seats, plus the front driving position.

"The future will be all about variety, you know. People driving SUVs, some others will use public transportation, but more and more we don't believe that one car can fit all your needs," says Pierre Romeo from Toyota Europe.

"So, in the future maybe you will try to rent this car or buy this car and rent the SUV or rent something else."

Japanese auto manufacturer Nissan is showing its vision of the future through an array of futuristic-looking vehicles, including this three-seater BladeGlider.

Nissan unveiled a working prototype of its futuristic vehicle, which combines zero-emissions, high-performance and sports car design.

A wild version of the design appeared back in 2013, but with advancing technologies, Nissan has now produced this working version.

Performance is central, promising 190 kilometres per hour and 0-100 kilometres in less than five seconds.

Nissan CEO Carlos Ghosn says they created the 'Glider' to prove electric cars aren't all reserved-looking cars.

"The BladeGlider is in fact a symbol of performance and electric cars," he says.

"A lot of people have an image of an electric as being good cars, but more stable, slow. Well, it's not the case. Electric cars are performance cars, they can be performance cars.

"So, here we have a completely new design, we have huge torque, we have a lot of performance, that's why for us it's a symbol of innovation and performance, with zero emissions."

While much of the industry heads towards battery power, Hyundai is exploring the possibilities in hydrogen fuel cell technology.

This FE Fuel Concept looks ahead to what the company's next generation of fuel cell vehicles might look like.

The name, 'FE', stands for 'Future Eco', reflecting the new technologies and eco-friendly outlook.

It can share that green theme too - the FE Concept is fitted with portable battery packs which are charged by the car's energy output and can be used to power other passenger vehicles.

Robin Hayles admits fuel cell tech is very much a new technology for many drivers.

He hopes this futuristic yet practical design may encourage others to explore it.

"The tricky thing with any kind of new technology, which fuel cell technology still is, is trying to find that balance between a desirable, futuristic-looking car, but at the same time not turning people away from it because it looks too futuristic," he says.

"Hopefully we've got there with this type of design. Yes, it's futuristic, but still able to deal with the demands of today's world."

While many car makers look five to ten years into the future with their concepts, French auto manufacturer Citroen is perhaps looking a little closer.

This C-Aircross concept is a bold and colourful preview of how the company plans to make its offensive on the booming SUV market.

It's not likely drivers will be going off road too often, instead it's about style, space and design.

Jim Holder, the editorial director of UK-based automotive magazine 'Autocar' says as the industry approaches once futuristic themes, such as digitisation and electric power, those concepts are becoming ever more realistic creations.

"I think it's the themes of autonomy and digitalisation and electrification that are showing through most in the concept cars," he says.

"Whatever a concept car is, it has to carry those themes because we know they're coming to market. They'll be on sale now within about five years.

"So, all the manufacturers are trying to show they're on top of that technology and that they do have a vision for how it can work its way into our lives."

The Geneva Motor Show opens to the public on 9 March and runs through March 19.

In total 900 models are shown by 180 exhibitors, including 148 world and European premiers, according to organisers.

Geneva, Switzerland - 6 March 2017

1. Various of nanoFlowcell QUANT 48VOLT on display at the Geneva Motor Show

2. SOUNDBITE (English) Ralf Kaiser, nanoFlowcell:

"When I see many manufacturers, they do not have a perspective on electric mobility. You have individual business cases, like Tesla, but you do not have a future concept for electric mobility. You have a lot of alibi cars because no-one wants to have fingers pointed at them; 'Oh, you don't have any electric car,' But if you ask for a long-term strategy there is none because the current technology doesn't provide a perspective. And this is why we are here."

3. Low shot of nanoFlowcell QUANT 48VOLT

4. Various of Toyota i-TRIL concept car

5. SOUNDBITE (English) Pierre Romeo, i-TRIL Chief Designer, Toyota Europe:

"The future will be all about variety, you know. People driving SUVs, some others will use public transportation, but more and more we don't believe that one car can fit all your needs. So, in the future maybe you will try to rent this car or buy this car and rent the SUV or rent something else."

6. Various of Nissan BladeGlider

7. SOUNDBITE (English) Carlos Ghosn, CEO of Nissan:

"The BladeGlider is in fact a symbol of performance and electric cars. A lot of people have an image of an electric as being good cars, but more stable, slow. Well, it's not the case. Electric cars are performance cars, they can be performance cars. So, here we have a completely new design, we have huge torque, we have a lot of performance, that's why for us it's a symbol of innovation and performance, with zero emissions."

7. Various of Hyundai FE Fuel Cell Concept

8. SOUNDBITE (English) Robin Hayles, Hyundai:

"The tricky thing with any kind of new technology, which fuel cell technology still is, is trying to find that balance between a desirable, futuristic-looking car, but at the same time not turning people away from it because it looks too futuristic. Hopefully we've got there with this type of design. Yes, it's futuristic, but still able to deal with the demands of today's world."

9. Various of Citroen C-Aircross Concept

10. SOUNDBITE (English) Jim Holder, Editorial Director, 'Autocar' Magazine:

"I think it's the themes of autonomy and digitalization and electrification that are showing through most in the concept cars. Whatever a concept car is, it has to carry those themes because we know they're coming to market. They'll be on sale now within about five years. So, all the manufacturers are trying to show they're on top of that technology and that they do have a vision for how it can work its way into our lives."

11. Various of Quattroruote Scylla concept car

12. Various wide high shots of Geneva Motor Show floor

LEADIN:

The future is already here, that's the message at the Geneva International Motor Show as car makers debut futuristic creations.

Experts say as the industry moves towards digitised, battery-powered, self-driving technology, once wacky concept creations are now becoming a reality.

STORYLINE:

Could this be a vision of our future.

This is the QUANT 48VOLT, a high performance electric design by Zurich research and development centre nanoFlowcell.

But unlike many of the cars on the Geneva Motor Show floor, this is not headed for the production lines, it's instead a demonstration vehicle for how electric flowcell technology might change motoring.

Quant is equipped with a 48 V Low-Voltage Flow Cell Drive which delivers 300 kilometres per hour and zero to 100 kilometres in 2.4 seconds.

The flowcell technology promises a range of over 1,000 kilometres on a single charge, working on a low battery voltage of 48 volts.

Ralf Kaiser from nanoFlowcell says they created the QUANT to provide "perspective" on how electric power can change mobility.

"When I see many manufacturers, they do not have a perspective on electric mobility. You have individual business cases, like Tesla, but you do not have a future concept for electric mobility," he says.

"You have a lot of alibi cars because no-one wants to have fingers pointed at them; 'Oh, you don't have any electric car,' But if you ask for a long-term strategy there is none because the current technology doesn't provide a perspective. And this is why we are here."

Across the show floor, Toyota Europe are showcasing this EV vehicle, but the focus is not what's under the hood, but over it.

The i-TRIL is intended as a viable alternative to passenger cars, public transport or motorcycles for short, inner city journeys.

The idea is it can be used for short, city-centre commutes or perhaps picking up the kids from school.

But not too many kids, the i-TRIL boasts just two passenger seats, plus the front driving position.

"The future will be all about variety, you know. People driving SUVs, some others will use public transportation, but more and more we don't believe that one car can fit all your needs," says Pierre Romeo from Toyota Europe.

"So, in the future maybe you will try to rent this car or buy this car and rent the SUV or rent something else."

Japanese auto manufacturer Nissan is showing its vision of the future through an array of futuristic-looking vehicles, including this three-seater BladeGlider.

Nissan unveiled a working prototype of its futuristic vehicle, which combines zero-emissions, high-performance and sports car design.

A wild version of the design appeared back in 2013, but with advancing technologies, Nissan has now produced this working version.

Performance is central, promising 190 kilometres per hour and 0-100 kilometres in less than five seconds.

Nissan CEO Carlos Ghosn says they created the 'Glider' to prove electric cars aren't all reserved-looking cars.

"The BladeGlider is in fact a symbol of performance and electric cars," he says.

"A lot of people have an image of an electric as being good cars, but more stable, slow. Well, it's not the case. Electric cars are performance cars, they can be performance cars.

"So, here we have a completely new design, we have huge torque, we have a lot of performance, that's why for us it's a symbol of innovation and performance, with zero emissions."

While much of the industry heads towards battery power, Hyundai is exploring the possibilities in hydrogen fuel cell technology.

This FE Fuel Concept looks ahead to what the company's next generation of fuel cell vehicles might look like.

The name, 'FE', stands for 'Future Eco', reflecting the new technologies and eco-friendly outlook.

It can share that green theme too - the FE Concept is fitted with portable battery packs which are charged by the car's energy output and can be used to power other passenger vehicles.

Robin Hayles admits fuel cell tech is very much a new technology for many drivers.

He hopes this futuristic yet practical design may encourage others to explore it.

"The tricky thing with any kind of new technology, which fuel cell technology still is, is trying to find that balance between a desirable, futuristic-looking car, but at the same time not turning people away from it because it looks too futuristic," he says.

"Hopefully we've got there with this type of design. Yes, it's futuristic, but still able to deal with the demands of today's world."

While many car makers look five to ten years into the future with their concepts, French auto manufacturer Citroen is perhaps looking a little closer.

This C-Aircross concept is a bold and colourful preview of how the company plans to make its offensive on the booming SUV market.

It's not likely drivers will be going off road too often, instead it's about style, space and design.

Jim Holder, the editorial director of UK-based automotive magazine 'Autocar' says as the industry approaches once futuristic themes, such as digitisation and electric power, those concepts are becoming ever more realistic creations.

"I think it's the themes of autonomy and digitalisation and electrification that are showing through most in the concept cars," he says.

"Whatever a concept car is, it has to carry those themes because we know they're coming to market. They'll be on sale now within about five years.

"So, all the manufacturers are trying to show they're on top of that technology and that they do have a vision for how it can work its way into our lives."

The Geneva Motor Show opens to the public on 9 March and runs through March 19.

In total 900 models are shown by 180 exhibitors, including 148 world and European premiers, according to organisers.

Geneva, Switzerland - 6 March 2017

1. Various of nanoFlowcell QUANT 48VOLT on display at the Geneva Motor Show

2. SOUNDBITE (English) Ralf Kaiser, nanoFlowcell:

"When I see many manufacturers, they do not have a perspective on electric mobility. You have individual business cases, like Tesla, but you do not have a future concept for electric mobility. You have a lot of alibi cars because no-one wants to have fingers pointed at them; 'Oh, you don't have any electric car,' But if you ask for a long-term strategy there is none because the current technology doesn't provide a perspective. And this is why we are here."

3. Low shot of nanoFlowcell QUANT 48VOLT

4. Various of Toyota i-TRIL concept car

5. SOUNDBITE (English) Pierre Romeo, i-TRIL Chief Designer, Toyota Europe:

"The future will be all about variety, you know. People driving SUVs, some others will use public transportation, but more and more we don't believe that one car can fit all your needs. So, in the future maybe you will try to rent this car or buy this car and rent the SUV or rent something else."

6. Various of Nissan BladeGlider

7. SOUNDBITE (English) Carlos Ghosn, CEO of Nissan:

"The BladeGlider is in fact a symbol of performance and electric cars. A lot of people have an image of an electric as being good cars, but more stable, slow. Well, it's not the case. Electric cars are performance cars, they can be performance cars. So, here we have a completely new design, we have huge torque, we have a lot of performance, that's why for us it's a symbol of innovation and performance, with zero emissions."

7. Various of Hyundai FE Fuel Cell Concept

8. SOUNDBITE (English) Robin Hayles, Hyundai:

"The tricky thing with any kind of new technology, which fuel cell technology still is, is trying to find that balance between a desirable, futuristic-looking car, but at the same time not turning people away from it because it looks too futuristic. Hopefully we've got there with this type of design. Yes, it's futuristic, but still able to deal with the demands of today's world."

9. Various of Citroen C-Aircross Concept

10. SOUNDBITE (English) Jim Holder, Editorial Director, 'Autocar' Magazine:

"I think it's the themes of autonomy and digitalization and electrification that are showing through most in the concept cars. Whatever a concept car is, it has to carry those themes because we know they're coming to market. They'll be on sale now within about five years. So, all the manufacturers are trying to show they're on top of that technology and that they do have a vision for how it can work its way into our lives."

11. Various of Quattroruote Scylla concept car

12. Various wide high shots of Geneva Motor Show floor

SHOTLIST:

Los Angeles Convention Center, Los Angeles, US

November 18, 2010

1. Wide of LA Auto Show

2. Pull to wide of electric concept car

3. Pull to mid of electric concept car

4. Wide of LA Auto Show

5. Set up of Richard Homan, Road and Track Magazine car journalist

7. SOUNDBITE: (English) Richard Homan, Road and Track Magazine car journalist

"The headlines are certainly electricity green cars as well as the tendency toward cars to get smaller. When I started in this business cars and trucks were getting bigger and bigger and bigger and trucks were the big thing now cars are tending to get smaller. There's even a little Fiat over at the Chrysler stand. Cars getting smaller becoming more efficient packages."

8. Wide of Lexus stand

9. Pull of Mini stand

10. Set up of Brendan Flynn, director of communications for the Los Angeles Auto Show

11. SOUNDBITE: (English) Brendan Flynn, director of communications for the Los Angeles Auto Show

"This is absolutely a record breaking show for LA. this is the biggest show that we've ever had. We have more than 50 world and North American debuts at least 25 of those debuts have never been seen before. So this is the first time anyone in the world gets to see these cars. We have a thousand cars on the show floor. We have 50 different brands so its definitely one of the top five shows in the world. "

12. Wide of Nissan Leaf

13. Pull of Nissan Leaf badge

14. Zoom of electric charging plug in car's bonnet

15. Pullout of the interior of Nissan Leaf

16. Wide of Mitsubishi Miev electric car

17. Pull of Volvo C30 electric car

18. Pull of Porsche stand

19. Pan from Fisker TV monitor to car

20. Wide of Kia Optima Hybrid

21. SOUNDBITE: (English) Brendan Flynn, director of communications for the Los Angeles Auto Show

"And then we've got some crazy concepts. We have this Jaguar that's in the booth right next to us that's a $300,000 electric Supercar that goes from zero to 60 (mph) in 3.2 seconds. You can go to Vegas and back on one tank of gas!"

22. Mid of Jaguar electric Supercar

23. Pull of Chevrolet stand

24. Mid of the Chevrolet Volt electric car

25. Set up of Richard James, manager of product communications for General Motors on the West Coast

26. SOUNDBITE: (English) Richard James, manager of product communications for General Motors on the West Coast

"What we have is an electric vehicle with extended range and what that is an electric vehicle that allows you to drive - if you have a full battery - on pure electricity or your battery reserve for up to 50 miles. What happens after that, to overcome this issue known as "range anxiety" is there's a generator that is built into the car, an internal combustion engine - a gasoline engine essentially - that kicks in automatically, seamless to the consumer, that will charge the battery and so the vehicle will continue to run on its electric architecture for up to 350 miles."

27. Mid of GM pick up truck

28. Mid of GM SUV

29. Tilt up from GMC logo to car

30. Pull from Nissan Leaf badge

31. Tilt down on "fill up at home" electric charging station

32. Set up of Mark Perry, director of product planning, Nissan

33. SOUNDBITE: (English) Mark Perry, director of product planning, Nissan

"This is the world's first affordable pure zero emission car, battery electric, no gas, no oil. Never have to go to a gas station, never have to do an oil change. Zero emission, there's not even a tail pipe. 100 miles of range in a single charge. 90mph top speed and it's as simple as plugging in right into your garage."

34. Mid of Fiat 500 car

35. Wide of Toyota stand

36. Mid of Kia Pop concept car

37. Tilt down of Kia stand

38. Pull of Kia Pop concept car

39. Pull wide of Ford stand

40. Wide of Saab electric car

41. Pull tilt down of Mercedes stand

42. Wide of Hyundai stand

LEAD IN:

There's a buzz at the Los Angeles Auto Show as the latest current of zero-emission electric cars roll into town.

The Auto Show, at the LA Convention Center, features more than 20 world debuts from the top manufacturers and the word on everybody's lips is "electric".

STORY LINE:

This year's show marks the arrival of the "electric era" with green concept models packing the stands.

Like this Honda electric vehicle concept making its world debut.

Consumers will be able to buy many of these mass-production electric vehicles from December (2010).

Richard Homan, Road and Track Magazine motoring journalist says he's seen a sea change in attitudes.

"The headlines are certainly electricity green cars as well as the tendency toward cars to get smaller," he says. "When I started in this business cars and trucks were getting bigger and bigger and bigger and trucks were the big thing now cars are tending to get smaller. There's even a little Fiat over at the Chrysler stand. Cars getting smaller becoming more efficient packages."

This year's show boasts over 1,000 cars from 50 different brands, says Brendan Flynn, director of communications for the Los Angeles Auto Show.

Some of the electric concept cars were more outlandish.

Brendan Flynn, director of communications for the Los Angeles Auto Show, says "We've got some crazy concepts. We have this Jaguar that's in the booth right next to us that's a $300,000 electric Supercar that goes from zero to 60 (mph) in 3.2 seconds. You can go to Vegas and back on one tank of gas."

The Jaguar C -X75 concept car is powered by four lithium-ion batteries putting out a total of 780 horsepower with a top speed is 205 mph.

The 2012 Mitsubishi Miev electric car - marketed as a second vehicle - is expected to cost $30,000 when it goes on sale in November 2011.

The Volvo C30 two-door, four-seater also achieves 100 miles on a full charge and has a top speed of up to 81mph. Acceleration is sprightly, it goes from 0 to 61 miles per hour in 10.5 seconds.

The first C30s will be available in the US from the end of next year.

The 2011 Chevrolet Volt was named Green Car of the Year at the Los Angeles Auto Show.

The Volt matches sedan (saloon) styling with an electric motor capable of powering the car for 40 miles before a backup combustion engine kicks in.

Motor Trend and Automobile Magazine also named the Volt its 2011 Car of the Year. It goes on sale in December.

Richard James, manager of product communications for General Motors on the West Coast, says: "What we have is an electric vehicle with extended range and what that is an electric vehicle that allows you to drive - if you have a full battery - on pure electricity or your battery reserve for up to 50 miles. What happens after that, to overcome this issue known as "range anxiety" is there's a generator that is built into the car, an internal combustion engine - a gasoline engine essentially - that kicks in automatically, seamless to the consumer, that will charge the battery and so the vehicle will continue to run on its electric architecture for up to 350 miles."

The highly-anticipated Nissan Leaf was introduced as the first mass-market 100 per cent electric, zero emission vehicle.

The Leaf will be available from December 15, 2010 in the US and Japan and in most European markets in early 2011.

Mark Perry, director of product planning at Nissan, says: "This is the world's first affordable pure zero emission car, battery electric, no gas, no oil. Never have to go to a gas station, never have to do an oil change. Zero emission, there's not even a tail pipe. 100 miles of range in a single charge. 90mph top speed and it's as simple as plugging in right into your garage."

There were electric sports cars from Porsche and Fisker, the exclusive electric car company, with its Karma model boasting a 300 mile range and a solar roof.

Toyota and Tesla has joined forces with the Toyota RAV 4 EV (electric vehicle).

Tesla will be responsible for building the RAV 4's lithium battery pack aiming for a 100-mile range. Testing beings in 2011 with the first production models not expected to roll out of the factory until 2012.

One of the more unusual concepts at the show is KIA's sparkling silver Pop.

This electric concept can travel 100 miles on a single charge, recharges fully in six hours and has a 90mph top speed.

Unfortunately it's not for large families - the space age cabin only houses three people.

The annual Los Angeles Auto Show runs from November 19-28, 2010.

German/Eng/Nat

Japanese and European car makers had their latest designs on display at this year's Tokyo motor show with innovations being found in the growth area of environmentally-friendly cars.

But the spotlight was stolen by Mercedes Benz which unveiled a new concept limousine - the "Maybach" which mixed classical with the modern.

All the major Japanese and European car makers are attending the Tokyo car show.

Honda was promoting its new mini passenger vehicle.

Nissan may not have had many new millennium designs, but they were certainly not short of practical designs.

This new model is perfectly suited for racing across the Sahara desert.

Mazda was a solid family car with more wedge in the front.

They hope these new weekend wagons will go down well with drivers who have young families to transport.

All Japanese car makers are giving greater attention to environmentally friendly vehicles this year.

With carbon monoxide emissions into the atmosphere reaching record levels and the hole in the ozone layer above the Antarctic growing every year, pressure is mounting on car makers to produce vehicles that do less damage to the environment.

SOUNDBITE:(Japanese)

"Some people seem to have jumped to the conclusion that electric cars will solve the problem of C-O-2. We have to be reminded that what ever car we make, we will use some sort of energy and we cannot avoid the environmental problem. What we should have to do now it to try and make a smaller car and a car which needs less fuel."

SUPER CAPTION: Osamu Suzuki, CEO and President of Suzuki

Honda has unveiled a Zero-Level Emission Vehicle, although that is a something of a misnomer as emissions are still not as low as those form electrical cars.

During tests, the engine was able to cut emissions of carbon monoxide, non-methane organic gases and nitrogen oxide to ten percent of the world's most stringent standards.

However Honda's chief executive wasn't sure when its new engine would be available in all its models.

SOUNDBITE:(English)

"We think we have to wait, we have to compete and.... finally the result will be decided by the environment itself."

SUPER CAPTION: Nobuhiko Kawamoto, Chief Executive and President of Honda

Meanwhile Mercedes Benz, which has merged with Daimler, stole the spotlight on the first day, unveiling to the world for the first time its new classic limousine for the future.

Retrospectively called the "Maybach" after the German car designer Wilhelm Maybach, the limousine remains in concept form.

SOUNDBITE: (English)

"It has some details, some details which have been found in cars in the past some details which you could see in Mercedes cars in the past and therefore we want to show a little bit of tradition in this new car but I think the overall design is modern, or it is classical so to say."

SUPER CAPTION: Jurgen Hubbert, member of board, Daimler-Benz

SOUNDBITE: (German)

"It has some details, some details which have been found in cars in the past some details which you could see in Mercedes cars in the past and therefore we want to show a little bit of tradition in this new car but I think the overall design is modern, or it is classical so to say."

SUPER CAPTION: Jurgen Hubbert, member of board, Daimler-Benz

Company executives have not decided whether to put the design into production .

But new designs are not the only topic under discussion.

Trade issues are, as always, on the agenda.

The U-S continues to be unhappy with Japanese trade barriers against it cars despite a bilateral agreement two years ago.

The Europeans, however, are saying the Japanese market is very open, sales are at record levels in the world second biggest auto market.

SOUNDBITE: (English)

"I think there are two things. One we have to have a strong organisation and the other one is you have to have the right product which differentiates yourself from the local manufacturers. If you don't have that you won't be successful."

SUPER CAPTION: Bernd Pischetsrieder, Chief Executive of BMW

And the Japanese motor giant, Mitsubishi continues to prove itself at the cutting edge of motoring.

This concept car of the future does not need to be driven, it drives itself while you sit back an enjoy the ride.

1. Wide shot of Tokyo motor show

2. Wide shot of Honda mini car.

3. Wide shot of new Toyota sports car

4. Wide shot of new Nissan sports car.

5. Pan across Mazda passenger cars

6. SOUNDBITE: (Japanese) Osamu Suzuki, CEO and President of Suzuki

7. Wide shot of Honda show.

8. SOUNDBITE: (English) Nobuhiko Kawamoto, CEO and President of Honda

9. New Daimler Benz's "Maybach"

10 SOUNDBITE: (English) Jurgen Hubbert, member of board, Daimler-Benz

11. Cutaway "Maybach" sign

12. SOUNDBITE: (German) Jurgen Hubbert, member of board, Daimler-Benz

13. Wide shot of new Chrysler luxury sports car.

14. BMW's new convertible.

15. SOUNDBITE: (English) Bernd Pischetsrieder, CEO of BMW

16. Wide shot of Mitsubishi concept car, HSR-VI (6)