SHOTLIST:

1. Northeast Brentwood postal facility

2. Postal facility doors with warning posters

3. Close up of police car guarding site

4. Various of site testing

5. Raised U.S and postal service flags

6. Various of Brentwood exterior

7. Entrance of closed off facility

8. Helicopter flying over Brentwood

9. Police officers stepping into car

STORYLINE:

The clean up operation of the deadly anthrax spores contained in the Brentwood postal facility finally began on in Washington on Monday, seven months after the building was shut down.

Brentwood post office was closed last October when two employees died after letters tainted with anthrax passed through the facility. The building was then sealed off, after investigators said the area was severely contaminated with anthrax.

The clean up operation has been delayed several times owing to the sheer size of the facility. Many scientists believe that filling the building with a thick fog of Chlorine gas, necessary to decontaminate the area, is extremely dangerous.

Chlorine dioxide gas will be pumped into a tent covering three pieces of equipment that handled the anthrax tainted letters.

The area will be tested a week to ten days later, and if the effort proves successful, cleanup for the rest of the facility will begin in mid-August.

Around five pounds (2 and a half kilos) of gas will be used in Monday's test. Two thousand pounds (1,000 kilos) of chlorine dioxide will be needed to cleanse the entire building.

World News Review 2002

00:00 Titles

Terrorism

10:00:30

Bali bomb

In October, terrorists with suspected links to Al Qaida struck in the heart of Indonesia's tourist centre, setting off two enormous bombs outside two busy nightclubs. More than 180 people, many of them Australians, were killed. Dozens were injured

Following the blast, the popular Sari club and other nightspots around it were a mass of smouldering ruins. Witnesses described scenes of terror immediately after the explosion in the town of Kuta. Bloodied survivors fled the club, some with limbs blown off. Cars and motorbikes on the road in front were alight, forming a wall of flames blocking people's escape.

For the first time, Indonesia's government acknowledged Al Qaida was active on its soil, prompting a huge crackdown on extremists.

A week after the bombing, family and friends of those who died joined in a memorial service near the site of the blast. Relatives took the opportunity to survey the damage, stopping to pray in front of the hundreds of flowers left in memory of those who died.

APTN

Kuta, Bali

13/10/2002

Night shots -

Pull out burning building

Various shots of corpses

Firemen with hose

Various shots of burnt out cars with blackened corpses

Various shots of corpses

Various shots rescue workers remove body

Pan burnt out vehicles

Day shots

Various shots burning buildings

Zoom in burnt arm hanging our of car window

Two shots of bomb/fire damaged buildings

Various aerials of the blast site

Wide shot through wreckage of firefighters spraying water at smoking remains of building

Area destroyed by blast and fire

Various shots of emergency workers carrying Western woman on stretcher

(in hospital) SOUNDBITE (English) Ryan James (16), Injured holiday maker from Sydney

"I was in the club, the Sari club, we heard a loud noise, an explosion and then we turned round to see what it was and then before we could say anything there was another huge explosion right next to us and I was on the ground."

Tilt down wall register of patients in hospital

20/10/2002

Various people walking around bomb wreckage before memorial service for victims of the bombing

People praying in front of flowered shrine

SOUNDBITE (English) Rob Lewis, Father of victim

"A lot of different mixed emotions running through me. Anger, sadness - words just can't explain it, you know. I lost my son over there. Sorry man."

10:03:39

The Faces of Indonesian Terrorism

The Bali bombings threw the spotlight on Indonesia's main fundamentalist Islamic group, Jemaah Islamiyah. APTN obtained pictures of fighters from the group in training - alongside members of the Abu Sayyaf guerrilla group which operates in the Philippines In an interview, the man said to be the leader of Jemaah Islamiyah, Abu Dakar Bashir, spoke out strongly against the United States.

APTN

Indonesia, 2001 (exact date and location unknown)

Lines of Jemaah Islamiyah fighters marching with weapons

Fighters stepping on each others bodies

Fighters watch martial arts demonstration

Cianjur, West Java, 23 September, 2002

Alleged leader of Jemaah Islamiyah, Abu Dakar Bashir reading magazine

SOUNDBITE (Bahasa Indonesia) Abu Dakar Bashir, alleged leader of Jemaah Islamiyah

"My message to Americans is to warn their arrogant government. The current American president is the worst American president ever. The actions of the American government at the moment may bring harm to the American people."

10:04:25

The Moscow Siege

Terrorism also hit Europe in October, when Chechen rebels seized a Moscow theatre during the staging of a musical, taking hundreds of people captive. 18 of the attackers were women. They mined the theatre and threatened to blow it up unless Russian President Vladimir Putin withdrew troops from Chechnya. On the day the theatre was seized, some people managed to escape, as seen in dramatic footage filmed by Moscow's rescue services.

Three days later, in a pre-dawn raid, Russian special forces stormed the building, killing the 41 militants. At least 129 of the hostages also died, most of them felled by a narcotic gas used to knock out the rebels before the special forces stormed in. Russia held a national day of mourning for the victims amid rising criticism of the authorities over the number of hostages killed in the operation. Doctors treating the survivors complained their work had been hampered by not knowing exactly what gas had been used by the special forces. Many of the survivors were loaded unconscious onto buses outside the theatre after their rescue.

APTN

Moscow 23 and 24 October 2002

Various armoured personnel carriers encircling the theatre that was under siege

Mid shot elite Russian troops

Moscow Rescue Services

Moscow 23, October, 2002

(Night shots and mute)

Wide shot armed security officers in cover beside wall one officer takes aim with handgun

Three women run out of building, along wall and take cover with security officers

Three women running

APTN

Moscow 26, October, 2002 - Night shots

Various emergency vehicles, lights flashing, moving in to receive the wounded

Various troops milling around

Various wide of theatre with gunfire and explosions inside

Troops move into position inside building

Exterior shot of soldiers with arrested person

Russian Federal Security Bureau

Moscow 26, October, 2002 - Interior shots of theatre (mute)

Mid shot floor covered in shattered glass

Various dead female hostage takers slumped in theatre chairs

Various of dead man in civilian clothes lying on floor

Grenades, explosives and other military equipment

APTN

Moscow, 26, October, 2002

Close shot of notice saying the name of the play, Nord Ost, that was playing when the siege began

Various shots of man hugging crying woman outside hospital

Doctors in hospital attending to a former hostage

Various night shots of scene after special forces raided theatre

APTN

Moscow 28, October, 2002

Wide shot theatre, pan to flowers and tributes outside

Close up flowers and candles

SOUNDBITE (Russian) Nadeshda, Muscovite

"People need to know the whole truth - what kind of gas was used, what is the treatment against its side effects and what consequences it could bring. People have the right to know the truth."

10:06:58

Iraq

The United States mounted pressure on Iraq, saying the country was part of an axis of evil supporting and funding terrorism. The topic was an important part of discussions in Texas between US President George W Bush and British Prime Minister Tony Blair, who agreed the world would be better off without Saddam Hussein in power.

Then, the Washington Post newspaper reported it had uncovered a leaked White House plan to topple Saddam with US special forces troops and CIA agents. The plan won wide support from US political leaders. In September the British government consolidated its position of cooperation with the US when Blair released a dossier of evidence of the military capabilities of Saddam Hussein. The document claimed the Iraqi leader was trying to acquire nuclear weapons and had extended its range of ballistic missiles.

Iraq responded by taking international journalists to sites that the US believed were used to develop weapons of mass destruction, in a bid to discredit the claims.

Iraq maintained that one site, suspected by the US of being a factory for the production of chemical and biological agents, 100 kilometres west of Baghdad, was nothing more than a pesticide factory. And Iraq announced on September 16th that it would allow UN weapons inspectors back into the country.

Meanwhile, the US media war was also mounting. In Defence department briefings, journalists were shown video of Iraqi anti-aircraft missiles being fired at US and British warplanes patrolling over the no-fly zones. US Defence Secretary Donald Rumsfeld said it was proof Iraq regularly violated UN resolutions.

While the United States went on the diplomatic attack, Saddam Hussein tried to remain defiant. But he could not ignore a United Nations Security Council resolution calling for the disarmament of Iraq under the observation of United Nations weapons inspectors. The resolution, which was approved by every member of the council, said if Iraq did not disarm it would face 'serious consequences' that would almost certainly mean war. The leaders of the US and Britain hailed the resolution.

Iraqi TV

Baghdad - April 7, 2002

Mid shot Saddam Hussein during meeting with top military brass

POOL

Crawford, Texas - April 6, 2002

SOUNDBITE (English) Tony Blair, British Prime Minister

"Would the region, the world and not least the ordinary Iraqi people be better off without the regime of Saddam Hussein? The only answer that anyone can give to that question would be 'yes.'"

SOUNDBITE (English) George W Bush, United States President

"He's a man who obviously has something to hide. He told the world that he would show us he would not develop weapons of mass destruction and yet over the past decade he's refused to do so."

APTN

Washington DC - June 16, 2002

Various shots of Washington Post article covering the leaked White House plan

Iraqi TV

Baghdad - January 20, 2002

Close up Saddam Hussein

Pan to Iraqi officials

APTN

London - September 24, 2002

SOUNDBITE (English) Paul Beaver, Military Intelligence Expert (talking about British dossier of evidence against Iraq)

"There was no single killer fact in this document which I was looking for but what there is is a body of evidence that leads me to conclude that Saddam Hussein is a threat militarily."

APTN

Nassr/Taji Steel Fabrication and Military Production Facility, 25 kilometres north of Baghdad - 10 October, 2002

Exterior factory with military being escorted inside

Wide pan interior factory

Iraqi factory, 100 kilometres west of Baghdad - August 28, 2002

Various of reporters entering the site, suspected of being chemical and biological agents factory

Pan of barrels containing pesticides

SOUNDBITE (English) Husam Mohammed Ameen, Head of the Iraqi National Monitoring Commission

"The monitoring inspection teams visited this site tens of times, I can say more than 250 times visited this location and it has nothing to do with weapons of mass destruction."

APTN

Washington DC - Septmber 30, 2002

Predator video showing an Iraqi two-missile battery swivelling in a circle and then firing on a coalition plane in the southern no-fly zone (July 2001)

London - November 8, 2002

SOUNDBITE (English) Tony Blair, British Prime Minister

"Saddam must now make his choice and my message to him is this, disarm or face force, there must be no more games, no more deceit, no more prevarication, obstruction or defiance."

POOL

Washington DC - November 8, 2002

SOUNDBITE (English) George W Bush, US President

"The resolution approved today presents the Iraqi regime with a test - a final test."

Cutaway

SOUNDBITE (English) George W Bush, US President

"The outcome of the current crisis is determined - the full disarmament of weapons of mass destruction by Iraq will occur."

10:10:05

Pakistan

In January 2002 Wall Street journalist Daniel Pearl, was kidnapped while trying to interview the leader of a radical Muslim faction with purported links to the al Qaida network. A month later the US State Department announced his death in captivity after Pakistani authorities received a video containing footage of Pearl in captivity and his death. In July, four men, including British-born militant Ahmed Omar Saeed Sheikh, were convicted of the slaying.

Then, in June, an attacker crashed a bomb-laden vehicle into a guard post outside the US consulate in Karachi, killing himself and 11 other Pakistanis. A month later, Pakistani paramilitary commandos stormed residences in the city, arresting and charging three people with the bombing. Major General Salahuddin Satti, Director General of the Pakistan Rangers, said the trio were members of Islamic group Harkat-ul-Mujahedeen, also responsible for a suicide bombing at the city's Sheraton hotel in which 11 French engineers and three other people died.

In August there was yet another attack believed to be directed towards Western interests in Pakistan because of the government's involvement in the war against terror. Masked gunmen firing Kalashnikov rifles stormed the campus of a Christian school, killing six. Days later attackers hurled grenades at people leaving a church near a Christian hospital in Islamabad, killing three nurses. One of the attackers died in the assault.

APTN

New York - February 21, 2002

SOUNDBITE (English) Paul Steiger, Wall Street Journal Managing Editor

"We know believe that, based on reports from the US State Department and police officials in the Pakistani province of Sindh, that Danny Pearl was killed by his captors."

Karachi, Pakistan - February 21, 2002

Various of suspect Fahad Naseem taken from an armoured vehicle into the court, surrounded by heavy security

APTN

Karachi, Pakistan - June 14, 2002

Tilt down from US consulate with flag to car damaged after attack by suicide bomber

Low angle shot of road outside consulate showing bomb damage

Various of damaged car

Pan from debris in road to compound

APTN

Karachi, Pakistan - July 8, 2002

SOUNDBITE (English) Major General Salahuddin Satti, Director General of the Pakistan Rangers

"They wanted to damage the USA, its interests, and all the people, all the agencies which were supporting it or were friendly to it."

Various shots suspects Mohammad Hanif and Imran Rafiq at press conference

Various weapons found in raid on Karachi residences

APTN

Murree, Pakistan - August 5, 2002

Exterior of Murree Christian School, which was attacked by masked gunmen

Broken window

Bullet hole in window

Bloody sheet

Man adjusting sheets around a body

APTN

Islamabad, Pakistan - August 8, 2002

Various interiors of church showing debris and damage after attack, broken furniture, broken windows, glass on floor and benches

Shoes on ground

Dead body of attacker in mortuary

10:11:48

The Philippines

The United States sent troops to the Philippines for joint anti-terrorism exercises, designed to help the Philippines government fight its home-grown Islamic fundamentalist group, Abu Sayyaf. But there were violent clashes between police and protestors demonstrating against the US military presence. The exercises, on the southern Island of Mindanao, involved about 600 US troops. Abu Sayyaf separatists kidnapped and killed scores of Filipinos and many foreigners in the previous few years.

An American missionary couple, Gracia and Martin Burnham, was kidnapped on May 27 2001. In April 2002, the surrender of 18 Abu Sayyaf rebels raised hopes the Burnhams would be released unharmed. It followed another anti-terrorism success for the Philippines when an Indonesian man who allegedly planned a series of almost simultaneous bombings that killed 22 people in Manila in 2000 pleaded guilty to illegal possession of explosives. Fathur Al Ghozi is believed to be a key leader of the Jemaah Islamiyah, the Southeast Asian based group also believed to be behind the Bali nightclub bombings later in the year.

But, in June, more than a year after they had been kidnapped, Martin Burnham and a Filipino nurse also being held captive were killed in a shootout when US-trained commandos launched a rescue operation. Gracia was rescued. Four Abu Sayyaf members were killed and seven soldiers were wounded in the operation by Philippine commandos outfitted by the US with silencers, night vision equipment and high-tech headsets.

In August, Filipino troops raided a hideout of a kidnap gang on a US list of terrorists, rescuing two captives unharmed and killing one of the gang's leaders. President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo rushed to the scene of the raid in Magallanes town in the Cavite province, about 65 kilometers (40 miles) south of Manila, to show her commitment to her government's campaign against criminality and insurgency. Police identified the slain kidnapper as Faisal Marohombsar, a leader of the Pentagon gang, who escaped from the National Anti-Kidnapping Task Force's detention center in Manila last June 19. The gang's kidnap victims, four-year-old Patricia Chong and her nanny, managed to escape and were rescued unharmed.

APTN

Zamboanga File

Various of US soldiers arriving for joint anti-terrorism exercises with Philippine Army

Manila - January 23, 2002

Various of anti-US protest

Manila - January 31, 2002

Protestors clashing with riot police, hitting each other with sticks

Various of protestors shouting at riot police

Protestors charging police, protestors beaten back

APTN

Zamboanga, Philippines - April 17, 2002

Abu Sayyaf prisoners alighting from military truck

Wide shot group of Abu Sayyaf prisoners

Detainees walk past in a row

Abu Sayyaf prisoners getting onto truck

APTN

Manila - January 19, 2002

Fathur Rohman Al-Ghozi being escorted into news conference

Identity card

Close up Al Ghozi

APTN

Manila - December 30, 2000

Wide shot damaged light rail transit after explosion, with yellow "police line" barricade in foreground

Broken glass on the ground being cleared

APTN

Manila - June 7, 2002

SOUNDBITE (English) Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, Philippine President

"I am deeply saddened over the death of Ediborah Yap and Martin Burnham who were slain in an encounter with our troops and the Abu Sayyaf this afternoon after more than a year of captivity."

Philippines Government VNR

Philippines President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo standing in front of body of slain kidnapper Faisal Marohombsar

Various of dead man

Arroyo talking to government soldier wounded during the shootout

10:13:34

The Anthrax Scare

The anthrax scare in the United States was not over either. In May, the U-S Federal Reserve reported about 20 pieces of mail tested positive for traces of anthrax in an initial screening. The tainted mail was discovered as part of routine mail testing by the Federal Reserve in a mobile trailer stationed in a courtyard at the Federal Reserve's main buildings in downtown Washington. Fed spokesman David Skidmore said some of the mail was addressed to Chairman Alan Greenspan as well as other officials.

Five people died and 13 others were sickened in autumn 2001 when anthrax-laden letters were mailed to NBC news anchor Tom Brokaw, the New York Post and the Washington, D.C., offices of Senate Majority Leader Tom Daschle and Senator Patrick Leahy. A year later, the FBI had yet to name a suspect.

APTN

Washington DC - May 7, 2002

Exterior view of Federal Reserve

APTN

File

Close up slide of anthrax bacteria

Close up film of antrax

Workers sorting mail

10:14:05

Various (Richard Reid/The Pipe-bomber/ Moussaoui /Lindh/Lockerbie)

In January, US authorities declared a further victory in the war against terrorism when shoebomber Richard Reid was indicted on eight charges. The British-born man was alleged to have tried to blow up an American Airlines flight using a bomb concealed in his shoes.

Authorities also caught up with Luke Helder, suspected of planting bombs in mailboxes across the United States. The FBI says Helder placed 18 bombs in mailboxes in five states along with anti-government messages. Six people were injured in the attacks. 21-year-old Helder had six bombs with him when he was arrested. Federal government officials described the crimes as 'acts of domestic terrorism.'

From the point of view of the US authorities, one of the greatest successes in the post-September 11 anti-terrorism drive was the arrest of Zacarias Moussaoui. Moussaoui was the first person to be charged as an accomplice in the September 11 attacks. He had taken flying lessons in the United States but his family protested his innocence.

The Bush administration also announced it would charge the American man who fought with the Taliban, John Walker Lindh, with conspiracy to kill US citizens in Afghanistan. Lindh told prosecutors that he joined a terrorist training camp in Afghanistan last May and spent seven months there. Osama bin Laden visited the camp several times and on one occasion allegedly met Lindh. Lindh was taken into custody in December 2001 by US forces after a prison uprising in a fortress in the northern Afghan city of Mazar-e-Sharif.

Meanwhile in a Scottish court in the Netherlands Libyan intelligence agent Abdelbaset Ali Mohmed Al Megrahi failed in his appeal against his conviction for the Lockerbie bombing. All 259 people on board Pan Am flight 103, as well as 11 people on the ground, were killed when the jet blew up in the skies over the town of Lockerbie.

POOL

Washington DC - January 16, 2002

SOUNDBITE (English) John Ashcroft, US Attorney General

"This morning a Federal Grand Jury in Massachusetts returned a nine count indictment against Richard Colvin Reid. Reid is charged as an Al Qaida trained terrorist who attempted to destroy American Airlines Flight 63 with explosive devices concealed in his shoes."

APTN

Boston, Massachusetts

Slow-motion close of shoebomber Richard Reid in custody

APTN

Boston, Massachusetts - January 28, 2002

Various court sketches of Richard Reid and judge in court

POOL

Reno - May, 10, 2002

Pipe-bomber suspect Luke John Helder walks out and gets into bomb

APTN

Washington DC - January 15, 2002

SOUNDBITE (English) John Ashcroft, US Attorney General

"Today I'm announcing the filing of charges against John Walker Lindh, an American citizen, who was captured in Afghanistan, fighting for the Taliban."

File - Afghanistan - December 2001

John Walker Lindh sitting with other Taliban after his capture

10:15:13

Peru Bomb

A car bomb exploded outside the U.S. Embassy in the Peruvian capital Lima just days before US President George W Bush was due in the city for meetings with his Peruvian counterpart.

Nine people were killed in the bombing and tens injured. The blast occurred at about 10:45 p.m. (0345 GMT Thursday), in front of an upscale shopping centre, in an area with popular late-night restaurants and cinemas.

APTN

Lima March 21, 2002

Building damaged by car bomb which exploded outside the US embassy

Windscreen of car shattered by bomb, pan to body covered with plastic on the street

Crowd of people in front of bank building

Police walking in debris following the explosion

10:15:40

Spain Bombs

Basque separatist group ETA continued its campaign of terror in Spain. In June there were five explosions in two days, timed to coincide with the Seville EU summit. A British man was critically wounded and five others injured in one of the explosions, in Fuengirola, 150 kilometres (90 miles) southeast of Seville.

APTN

Fuengirola - June 22, 2002

Fire officer putting out fire after bomb

Smoke and burnt vehicles

Police gathered next to fire engine

Burnt out vehicle

10:16:11

Greece Bombs

In Greece, authorities said they were close to dismantling the November 17 terrorist group, which eluded Greek, American and British authorities since 1975, when it first emerged with the killing of the CIA station chief in Athens, Richard Welch. The anti-American group has used guns, bombs and anti-tank rockets to carry out 23 killings - including those of four US military officials, two Turkish diplomats and Greek businessmen and politicians. In July 2002 prosecutors in Athens charged two suspected November 17 terrorists over a series of robberies and killings, including those of American and British military officials. At the same time, an investigating magistrate arraigned the first three November 17 suspects arrested after a police sweep began three weeks ago. They were jailed pending trial, but no court date was set. Those in custody included an alleged leader of the extreme left-wing November 17 group, which carried out bombings, assassinations and robberies with impunity for 27 years.

APTN

Athens - July 21, 2002

November 17 (Greek terrorist group) suspect Christodoulos Xiros (large man in grey t-shirt) is walked into court

Xiros, followed by his brother Vassilis Xiros (long hair), and Dionissis Georgiadis (black t-shirt)

Police officer

Suspects Iraklis Kostaris (grey t-shirt) and Costas Karatsolis are lead into court

APTN

Athens - July 10, 2002

'November 17' flag

various guns and grenades found by police

10:17:02

Bin Laden Video and Fax

Over a year after the September 11 attacks, the man widely thought to be behind them continued to elude US authorities. In September Arab satellite channel Al Jazeera broadcast new footage of the alleged leader of Al Qaida, Osama bin Laden, saying the US should brace itself for further attacks. And in October a fax purportedly from bin Laden was shown on the channel. The writer praised the attack on a French oil tanker on October 6. APTN could not independently authenticate the signature on the fax, nor confirm that the sender was indeed the world's most wanted fugitive.

APTN

Date and location unknown

File of Osama Bin Laden warning US of further attacks (Arabic with English subtitles)

Bin Laden praising September 11 hijackers (audio overlaid with stills)

Al Qaida training camp in Afghanistan (English commentary)

Reconstruction of hijackers studying maps of September 11 targets (English commentary)

APTN

October 14, 2002

Wide shot showing all six pages of fax

Pan across text - highlighted in yellow - stating as follows: "We congratulate the Islamic community for the heroic operations which our holy warriors carried out in Yemen against the oil tanker and in Kuwait against the American forces. By blowing up this tanker in Yemen, they cut the pipeline that supplies oil to the crusaders of the West, in order to remind the enemy of the heavy price they will pay in blood if they continue their crusade against our community and steal our resources. The heroic operation in Kuwait also showed the danger that American forces will face wherever they are based in Islamic countries."

Signature (highlighted in yellow) at end of document, purporting to be that of Bin Laden

Pan from previously-published signature (in green) across to signature (yellow) in this document

Afghanistan

10:19:07

The Continuing Fight

At the beginning of the year, allied troops continued to rout out Al Qaida and Taliban fighters in Afghanistan.

In March, allied troops took the Shah-e-Kot valley, south of Gardez. After a withering aerial barrage, they prowled the rugged mountain area to hunt out any entrenched enemy troops.

In former Taliban strongholds, pro-Taliban fighters still resisted allied troops. In Kandahar in January four suspected former Taliban fighters were captured after an hour-long gun battle in the city centre. Later that month an eight-week stand-off in Kandahar Hospital ended when allied troops blasted their way into a hospital ward and killed six al Qaida fighters who had been holed up there, refusing to surrender.

In the Gardez region, in eastern Afghanistan, heavy fighting highlighted the fragility of Afghanistan's new-found peace. The battle pitted troops loyal to Bacha Khan - a warlord aligned to Afghanistan's interim administration and working with US special forces - against troops for the local government council. The fighting broke out after the locals opposed Khan's taking of the provincial governorship. The support for Al Qaida in the area posed a real problem for allied troops as it became clear locals here were still supporting enemy troops entrenched in the surrounding mountains. Local officials even took to handing out fake money to the citizens of Gardez as a representation of the reward they would receive if they handed over Al Qaida fighters.

In Kabul, the highest figures of authority were not immune to the continuing violence. In February the minister of civil aviation was attacked and killed at Kabul airport. At first it was thought those responsible were angry pilgrims, whose journey to Mecca had been delayed. But days later the interim president Hamid Karzai announced Abdul Rahman's death was linked to a blood feud dating back to the struggle against the Taliban. Five men were wanted in connection with the killing. Two were generals and others were members of the justice ministry and the intelligence service.

In July the new administration was targeted again, this time with the assassination of Vice President Abdul Qadir. The attack took place as Al Qadir was being driven through the capital. Two gunmen fired Kalashnikovs at the car, killing Qadir and his driver.

Then in September, in the bloodiest attack in the capital since the fall of the Taliban, a powerful car bomb rocked a busy market area near the Ministry of Information. At least 22 people were killed. On the same day, in Kandahar, there was a failed assassination attempt against President Karzai. His US bodyguards wrestled to the ground and shot dead the uniformed gunman.

APTN

Shah-e-Kot, South of Gardez - March 13, 2002

Northern Alliance soldiers flying over battle area

Commander looking through binoculars

Various fighters observing fighting area with AK-47 and rocket launchers

APTN

Kandahar January 3, 2002

Anti-Taliban soldier walking with gun

Anti-Taliban soldier pointing gun

Various pro-Taliban being led away

Man being lead away

APTN

Kandahar - January 8, 2002

Close up mortar aimed at window where other Al Qaida members are barricaded in hospital

APTN

Kandahar - January 28, 2002

Various of hospital AUDIO gunshots

Various of dead fighters inside the hospital

APTN

Gardez - January 31, 2002

Wide shot of smoke rising from mountains - AUDIO gunfire and explosions

Men on truck with gun secured to back

APTN

Gardez - February 8, 2002

Soldier speaking into radio

Long shot of soldier manning gun position

APTN

Gardez - March 3, 2002

US warplanes flying over Gardez

APTN

Gardez - March 6, 2002

Close up coalition Afghan fighter standing with weapon behind back

Men standing on building throwing paper money to the crowd

Various close ups of money

Soldier aiming mortar

Hillside cave being mortared

Tilt from gun to soldier

Soldier firing mortar

Troops on ground, pan to explosion on mountainside

APTN

Shah-e-Kot - March 14, 2002

Soldiers looking at B52 planes

Road between Gardez and Kabul - March 14, 2002

Wide shot tanks driving through mountains

POOL

Bagram - April 6, 2002

Captain Lou Bauer pointing to diagram of cave complex

APTN

Kabul - 15 February 2002

Various shots of pilgrims at Kabul airport

APTN

Kabul - January 2002

Afghan Aviation Minister Abdul Rahman congratulating the crew of the first commercial flight

APTN

Kabul - July 6, 2002

Soldier standing next to wrecked vehicle

Various of front of wrecked vehicle with bullet holes in the windscreen

Various interior of vehicle

Side of wrecked vehicle against wall

APTN

Jalalalabad - April 11, 2002

Haji Abdul Qadir, Afghan Vice President who was assassinated

APTN

Kabul - September 5, 2002

Overturned car amid wreckage following blast in market which killed at least 22

Men beside fire engine pouring water near burnt out yellow car

Injured in hospital room

Police and soldiers near overturned cars

10:22:16

Prisoners

Allied troops in Afghanistan faced the difficulty of looking after and punishing the enemy troops captured over the past year.

Detainees in Sheberghan prison, the largest Taliban detention facility in Afghanistan, endured a grim reality. The cells were damp, wet underfoot and freezing cold. The US army identified every prisoner using DNA and photographs. In March several hundred prisoners were freed after spending five months in Sheberghan The US said they were young men recruited by the Al Qaida network, but who had never actually taken part in fighting.

The worst offenders were sent to the US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay in Cuba. The camp, which became known as 'Camp X-ray', was of growing concern to human rights groups. Inmates, dressed in bright orange jump suits and knitted caps, were kept in open cages and interrogated for long periods of time. They were not allowed access to their families or lawyers. But officials who visited the camp said they were in good health and able to talk freely and openly.

APTN

Sheberghan - January 19, 2002

Close up prisoners peering out of prison doors

Prisoners staring out from behind prison bars

Prisoners' footwear

Prisoners standing in pools of water in cells

APTN

Sheberghan - March 22, 2002

Prisoners looking through bars and barbed wire

APTN

Guantanamo, Cuba - January 16, 2002

Watch tower

US Defense Department

Guantanamo, Cuba - January 19, 2002

Various stills of Al Qaida prisoners at Camp X-ray

APTN

Guantanamo, Cuba - January 26, 2002

Wide of US soldiers in formation

APTN

Guantanamo, Cuba - February 10, 2002

Guard Tower

Prisoner being taken to interrogation room

10:23:12

War on Heroin Growers

The new Afghan administration was keen to prove to the world that it was taking action against the country's notorious heroin trade. Following the fall of the anti-drugs Taliban, tens of thousands of farmers rushed to start growing poppies again. Afghanistan regained its title as the world's biggest opium producer. When Karzai took office, he was quick to introduce a poppy ban, and moved to crack down on violators.

POOL

Kandahar - February 15, 2002

Various of Kandahar police standing with pile of confiscated drugs

Close up heroin

Police setting fire to the pile of drugs

APTN

Outside Jalalalabad, Nangrahar Province, Afghanistan - April 11, 2002

Various of crops being destroyed, including soldiers using rocket-propelled grenade to knock heads off poppies

10:23:39

Refugees and hunger

A combination of the years of Taliban control and a devastating drought left many people in remote areas on the brink of starvation. In the Hindu Kush area, thousands of people were found living on grassy roots and plants to survive. Abdul Ghias was one of those who had nothing with which to feed his family before aid arrived in the villages further down the mountain. He was able to fetch a sack of wheat for his family. But other more remote villages remained out of the reach of aid.

Those displaced by the years of war faced a long struggle to rebuild their lives. Despite the new administration and a fragile peace, for many life continued as before, inhabiting sprawling refugee camps, their homes destroyed.

APTN

Bonavash, Balkh Province - January 6, 2002

Man on donkey moving slowly along barren hillside

Cracked barren ground

Woman pours food into large bowl and stirs

Woman holding up the shirt of small child to show swollen stomach

APTN

Zari, Balkh Province - January 6, 2002

Abdul Ghias taking grassy clovers and eating them

Zari, Balkh Province - January 7, 2002

Abdul Ghias taking sack of food from free wheat distribution

APTN

Tasadi Refugee Camp - January 27, 2002

Various wide shots of the camp

Close up little girl

APTN

Siakhak village - January 19, 2002

Wide of aid truck passing through crowd

Villager carrying sack of wheat

Donkey with wheat on its back

Donkeys walking across snowy field

10:24:50

Disasters

Natural disaster also plagued Afghanistan, with its vulnerable geology.

In March, a massive earthquake hit the north of the country, and north-western Pakistan, killing hundreds of people and destroying homes. Road access was lost to the remote area, difficult to navigate in normal circumstances.

In February, an avalanche near the newly-reopened Salang tunnel connecting north and south Afghanistan killed five motorists. Rescuers managed to save hundreds of others trapped in the tunnel.

APTN

Nahrin - March 27, 2002

Mid shot aerial of damaged houses after earthquake

Various of land and trees moving during aftershock

People walking over destroyed buildings

Two men praying next to grave

APTN

Near Salang - February 7, 2002

Various of snow on mountain after avalanche in the region

Man walking up mountain taking water to his family

APTN

Near Salang - February

Various cars and trucks unable to get through the tunnel following the avalanche

Various of rescue vehicles

10:25:52

Return to democracy

In January, US President George W Bush received interim Afghan leader Hamid Karzai in the White House. Although Bush ruled out participating in a multinational peace-keeping force in Afghanistan, the two leaders did stress the partnership between the US and Afghanistan in fighting terrorism. It was a meeting which consolidated Afghanistan's progress to democracy. In February a ceremony was held to introduce the country's new national flag. The new red, green and black flag drew comparisons to that which was flown during the reign of exiled King Zaher Shah.

But, in many ways, the country has a long way to go before becoming a stable democracy. Economically, the fragility of the local currency was highlighted when rumours of dollarisation caused its value to drop 25 percent in a day. In September Karzai announced the introduction of new 500 and 1000 afghani (Afghan currency) banknotes in a bid to boost growth and make transactions easier. Before, even small purchases in Afghanistan required the buyer to carry large bundles of notes.

Meanwhile, Afghanistan's last monarch returned to the country. King Shah spent 29 years in exile. Many Afghans hoped his return would help bring peace and prosperity. One of the reasons for his return was to preside over the grand council of tribal leaders and other Afghan representatives, or loya jirga, which took place in June.

APTN

Washington DC - January 28, 2002

SOUNDBITE (English) Hamid Karzai, Interim leader of Afghanistan

"The war will go on against terrorism until we are sure that they are finished completely. Until we are sure that they are finished as an organisation, until we are sure they are finished as people hiding in caves and in the mountains, until we make sure the menace is gone."

POOL

Washington DC - January 28, 2002

Karzai listening to President George W Bush in the White House's Rose Garden

APTN

Kabul - February 5, 2002

Variuos of interim leader Hamid Karzai walking in procession ahead of ceremony to raise new Afghan flag at the presidential palace

Various of flag being raised

Long shot of new flag

APTN

Kabul - January 30, 2002

Money changing market packed with street traders

Bundles of afghanis - national currency

APTN

Kabul - September 4, 2002

Close up specimen of new 500 afghani banknote, then 1000 afghani note

APTN

Kabul - April 18, 2002

Banner of the king to welcome King Shah back to Afghanistan

Various King Zaher Shah and Hamid Karzai walking past the camera

Zaher Shah praying at tomb

APTN

Kabul - August 4, 2002

Karzai walking through the palace gardens with King Shah

10:27:26

Return to civilization

The new Afghan authorities, to a greater extent in the capital Kabul, gradually reversed social changes that had been imposed by the Taliban. Schools that had been closed reopened. Girls, who had been banned from study beyond the age of eight, returned to the classrooms. The United Nations helped launch special catch-up classes for girls who had missed education under the Taliban.

And the Kabul Weekly, post-Taliban Afghanistan's first independent newspaper, was launched. The editor said the newspaper would test the government's commitment to media freedom and help lead the country towards democracy.

Women were also able to enjoy simple freedoms that had been banned under the Taliban; going to a beauty salon, buying pictures of their favourite film stars, and not wearing a burqa. Confirming this new-found freedom was the release this year of 'Roz', a new women's magazine, funded by the French magazine, Elle.

Kabul's National Theatre also reopened for entertainment after being closed for six years under the Taliban. Damage that the building sustained during heavy fighting in 1992 was still visible but it didn't stop the audience enjoying the performance.

Music too, was heard again in Kabuls streets. At the Pamir Hotel in the heart of Kandahar, a former Taliban stronghold, dozens of men quickly took up the custom of going every night to share their appreciation of music.

And more modern forms of entertainment also quickly found their way into post-Taliban society. Video arcades for games junkies and film hire outlets also sprung up across the country.

APTN

Herat - January 10, 2002

Close up entrance to girl's school gates

Various young women with faces revealed talking to each other outside school

SOUNDBITE (Dari) Zahra, School Student

"From today we can go to school again. Once again we are free to further our knowledge and education and we are very happy about this."

APTN

Kabul March 23, 2002

SOUNDBITE (Dari) Hamid Karzai, Afghan leader

(breaking into tears) "The children at this school are the future of Afghanistan."

APTN

Kabul - January 27, 2002

Various close ups of the Kabul Weekly

Sign outside the offices of Kabul Weekly

Journalist reading the Kabul Weekly

Close up Kabul Weekly

APTN

Various shots of first edition of women's magazine 'Roz' coming off printing press

Various close-ups of magazine's front page

Various pages of the magazine

APTN

Kabul January 8, 2002

Exterior National Theatre building showing damage suffered during fighting in 1992

Destroyed roof

Audience sitting in open-air theatre

Performance on stage

APTN

Kandahar - January 21, 2002

Musicians playing together in the Pamir Hotel

Various of musicians

APTN

Kandahar - January 22, 2002

Entrance to video arcade

Video store

Man looking at DVDs

Close up DVDs

Video stall

The Middle East

10:29:43

Suicide bombs

In 2002, there was no let up in the deadly suicide attacks against Israelis, despite the Israeli offensive against the Palestinians greatly restricting their movement and increasing security around Palestinian-controlled areas.

On January 27, for the first time, a female suicide bomber struck. 28 year old Wafa Idris killed herself and an 81 year old Israeli man when she detonated the explosives she was carrying in a busy shopping street in Jerusalem. Her mother said Wafa had been shot three times by rubber bullets while working as a paramedic for the Red Crescent in Ramallah.

On June 18 there were devastating scenes when a suicide bomber killed himself and 19 civilians in a bomb attack on a bus in southern Jerusalem.

On March 27, in the Israeli resort of Netanya, a bomber blew himself up at a hotel, killing 28 Israelis celebrating Passover. The attack claimed by militant group Hamas, was the deadliest since the beginning of the uprising.

On March 9 at least 11 people were killed and 50 injured in a suicide bomb attack on a crowded cafe in west Jerusalem, near the official residence of then Prime Minister Ariel Sharon.

And on May 7 a suicide bomber attacked a social club in the Israeli town of Rishon Letzion, killing 16 people and injuring more than 50.

APTN

Jerusalem - January 27, 2002

Scene of attack after first female suicide bomber hit

Debris from blast

Woman holding injured woman

Police at scene

APTN

Ramallah - January 30, 2002

SOUNDBITE (Arabic) Safia Idris, Mother of female suicide bomber Wafa Idris

"She left on Sunday. I had no idea of what she was doing or where she was going, she didn't tell me anything."

APTN

Jerusalem - June 18, 2002

Zoom into damaged bus and soldiers after suicide bomb which killed 19 people

Bodies on ground covered with black plastic, pan to bus

Wide of damaged bus

Body bags beside road, pan to bus

Israeli Arab girl injured in blast

Various shots of fax in Arabic from militant group Hamas claiming responsibility for suicide bombing

APTN

Al-Faraa Refugee Camp, near Nablus, West Bank - June 18, 2002

Naima Al-Ghoul, mother of bomber Mohammed Al-Ghoul, seated with women mourners

Close up photograph of attacker, tilt up to Naima weeping

APTN

Netanya - March 27, 2002

Exterior damaged hotel after suicide bomber blew himself up in the dining room killing 19

Various destruction inside hotel

Various pans of scene outside hotel with police and bodies on ground

APTN

Jerusalem - March 9, 2002

Body bags in street outside café where suicide bomber blew himself up (opposite prime minister's residence), killing 11

Investigators at entrance to café

Various exteriors of café

Various of café interiors seen through broken windows

APTN

Rishon Letzion - May 8, 2002

Wide of scene of bomb attack outside social club where 16 people were killed

Various bombed building and investigators sifting through debris

10:31:53

Israeli attacks on Palestinian headquarters

With no end in sight to the cycle of violence in the Middle East, the Israelis sought to consolidate their position and force the Palestinian administration to prevent more suicide attacks. On January 18, the Israelis sent more than 20 tanks to surround Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat's headquarters in Ramallah. Overnight the pressure was turned up, when Israeli tanks and armoured personnel carriers sealed off Arafat's Ramallah headquarters and destroyed a Palestinian Broadcasting Corporation building. The siege came after Arafat had already been confined to Ramallah for several weeks by the Israeli authorities. Now he was confined to his office. On the 20th of February Israeli helicopters fired on Arafat's office for the first time, causing massive destruction.

Arafat was not released from his confinement until May. The Israeli Defence Force had destroyed all of Ramallah's infrastructure - and its bureacracy, schools and security services. The Israelis would return to put Arafat under siege several times later in the year, although never for such an extended period.

APTN

Ramallah, West Bank - January 18, 2002

Tank blocking road near Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat's headquarters

Tanks parked

APTN

Ramallah - January 19, 2002

APC drives into carpark in front of the Palestinian Broadcasting Centre

Explosion, lights go out

Wide of PBC building in flames

Wide PBC building entrance

Various interiors of damage

Various of tanks surrounding Arafat's office

APTN

Ramallah - February 20, 2002

Missiles hitting Arafat's office

Various interior shots (with blood on the ground) inside Arafat's residence

Various firefighters dousing flames outside Arafat's residence

APTN

Ramallah - February 21, 2002

SOUNDBITE (Arabic) Yasser Arafat, Palestinian leader

"This is an attempt to nail down the Palestinian people and its leadership. They don't know that we as a people are undefeated and this leadership is part of the undefeated people."

10:33:24

Operation Defensive Shield

Israeli forces also attacked Palestinian areas they said were breeding ground for suicide attackers. Operation Defensive Shield was the largest military operation in the West Bank since 1967, launched in response to the Passover suicide attack in Netanya, when 28 people were killed. Nablus and Jenin were the two places highest on the Israeli blacklist. In Nablus, the West Bank's largest city, Israeli forces battled with Palestinian gunmen. The fighting meant many of the injured, and those killed, could not be evacuated and human rights organisations complained of lack of access to parts of the city. Jenin camp too was out of bounds to human rights organisations while Israeli tanks moved in, destroyed homes and launched fierce fighting to rout out terrorists. Journalists were only able to enter the camp six weeks after the Israelis attacked. They found the once lively streets were silent and that many of the camp's people had fled during the fighting. Israel estimated 100 Palestinians were killed in the camp during eight days of the deadliest fighting. Palestinians said the toll was far higher and that many people were also starved, or cut off from their water supplies. Israel lost 23 soldiers in the Jenin operation. After the Israelis left, the Palestinians struggled to come to terms with the extent of the devastation. Hardly a building remained untouched and the streets were piled high with rubble.

APTN

Nablus - April 7, 2002

Wide shot of Nablus, with AUDIO gunfire

Various of gunmen firing on Israeli position from behind the wall

Body of gunman

Gunmen firing

Injured man being dragged to safety

Injured man being carried on stretcher

APTN

Jenin - March 1, 2002

Wide of Jenin refugee camp with minaret and AUDIO call to prayer and explosions from the battle

APTN

Jenin - April 13, 2002

Destroyed street in Jenin

Woman carrying bottle

Women entering home which has been half destroyed

Street littered with debris from buildings

Old man looking through window

Buildings with bullet and shell holes, destroyed homes

Charred body

Women salvaging possessions

APTN

Jenin - April 16, 2002

Woman drinking from tap in the rubble

Sewage water in rubble, pan to women sitting and talking in demolished house

Old woman sitting on doorstep of destroyed house

Various of people searching through rubble

Woman standing on first floor of destroyed house with her children

Pan of destroyed houses

10:35:27

The Battle of Manger Square

After running battles with Israeli troops, about 200 Palestinian gunmen forced their way into the Church of the Nativity - believed to be the birthplace of Jesus Christ - in Bethlehem's Manger Square. Israeli tanks positioned themselves on the square and soldiers occupied buildings overlooking the church. Thus began the siege of Bethlehem that lasted five weeks. Those inside the church with the gunmen included human rights activists, journalists and members of the church's clergy.

During the siege, while intense negotiations took place, some of those holed up inside, and the bodies of those killed in gunbattles with the Israelis, were able to leave. Israeli soldiers threw smoke bombs between those leaving and journalists, blocking the view.

A European-brokered deal ended the siege. As part of the deal, 13 of the group- those highest on Israel's wanted list- were deported, first to Cyprus and then to other European countries. Another 26 militiamen were transported to the Gaza Strip, where they were to remain, exiled from the West Bank.

APTN

Bethlehem - April 2, 2002

Various of Bethlehem, AUDIO gunfire

APTN

Bethlehem - April 3, 2002

(telephone interview over still of Church of the Nativity)

SOUNDBITE (English) Marc Innaro, Correspondent of Radiotelevisione Italia (RAI)

"The situation in and around the Nativity Church in the heart of Bethlehem is still unchanged. There are inside more or less 200 Palestinian gunmen from all the Palestinian factions, Hamas, Jihad, the Al Aqsa Brigade and so on."

APTN

Bethlehem - April 2, 2002

Tank driving towards camera, drives over car in street

APTN

Bethlehem - April 8, 2002

Various early morning shots of Manger Square, smoke rising with AUDIO heavy gunfire

Israeli soldiers searching firefighters (before allowing them to attend to fire)

Various water hosing down fire, AUDIO gunfire

Various shots scene with smoke

APTN

Bethlehem - April 25, 2002

Wide shot Manger Square with tank in front

Blindfolded prisoners leaving church

Israeli soldiers checking coffins

APTN

Bethlehem May 4, 2002

Israeli soldier standing guard

Church bells ringing, zoom out to church

Pakistan/India/Kashmir

10:37:19

Build up of troops

There was no let up in the tensions between Pakistan and India over Kashmir. Pakistan denied Indian allegations that it supported anti-India militant groups operating in Kashmir and India.

The two countries came close to their third war in January after an attack the previous month on the Indian parliament. Pakistani President Pervez Musharraf launched a crackdown on militants, closing the border between Pakistan and Kashmir.

Both countries amassed troops along the Kashmiri line of control. In May again, intense international diplomatic efforts were needed to avert a war. India stepped up pressure on Pakistan following a raid on an Indian army camp. India fired its guns across the border, triggering an exchange of fire.

A security summit in Almaty, Kazakhstan was the setting for more diplomatic efforts to get the two leaders off a war footing. While their troops fired at each other in Kashmir, Musharraf and Indian Prime Minister Bihari Vajpayee, sat at the same table, exchanged angry statements blaming each other.

The Almaty meeting came just a week after Pakistan launched missile tests in an undisclosed location. The missile was a locally-made medium range surface-to-surface ballistic missile called the Ghauri, capable of carrying both a conventional and nuclear warhead. The tests further angered India.

APTN

Jammu, (near border with India) - January 13, 2002

Indian soldiers passing sign saying 'Kashmir, paradise on earth'

APTN

Wagah, Pakistan - December 31, 2002

Pakistani border guard performing ceremony to close border with people watching in the background

Pakistani and Indian guards performing ceremony

Indian (on left of picture) and Pakistani flags lowered

APTN

Almaty, Kazakhstan - June 3, 2002

Indian Prime Minister Bihari Vajpayee at street naming ceremony

Vajpayee and Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbayev at ceremony

Pakistani President Pervez Musharraf walking off plane

APTN

Athmkam, on Pakistani side of Line of Control - May 27, 2002

Wide of Pakistani commander giving briefing

Briefing board

APTN

Athmkam, on Pakistani side of Line of Control - January 2, 2002

Pakistani soldiers overlooking river valley marking line of control

Gun pointing out of bunker

Soldier in bunker

APTN

Samba sector, Jammu-Kashmir - January 2, 2002

Indian soldiers camouflaging mortar position

APTN

Ranbir Singh Pura Sector, on Indian side of Line of Control - January 8, 2002

Indian soldiers standing inside bunker

Close up Indian soldier's face

APTN

Near Nursarhy village, on Pakistani side of Line of Control - January 16, 2002

Various Pakistani troops on patrol near Line of Control

Various Pakistani troops on guard with machine guns looking into Indian village of Tethwal, across the Line of Control

Pakistani Army Video

Undisclosed location, Pakistan - May 25, 2002

Test missile blasts off

10:39:08

Kashmir

Violence was ever present on the streets of Kashmir as separatists fought their own war against the Indian authorities. Civilians were often caught in the crossfire. A crackdown on the separatists by the unpopular Indian authorities often only served to increase tensions with the majority Muslim population.

Supporters of separatist leader Yasin Malik resisted his arrest in Srinagar, the Kashmiri capital, by Indian police. Scuffles ensued between the stone-throwing supporters and police wielding tear gas. Malik's arrest came a day after police caught a woman carrying 100 thousand US dollars in cash allegedly intended for him. After his arrest, Malik was hospitalised to undergo treatment for a heart ailment. More protests were sparked when activists from the Hindu nationalist group Shiv Sena allegedly barged into the hospital.

In May, three masked men shot dead separatist leader Abdul Ghani Lone as he sat on a platform at a memorial rally in Srinagar. Lone was one of the leaders of the All Party Huriyat Conference, a legal group which advocated Kashmir's separation from India. He was considered a moderate and as such had been threatened by both Hindu nationalists and Islamic militants.

Violence surged ahead of elections in the troubled province. Independence groups called for a boycott of the vote, which they said would be rigged in favour of the state's pro-India ruling party.

Indian Law Minister Mushtaq Ahmad Lone was killed in September by suspected Islamic rebels.

As the elections approached the violence increased. At the end of September suspected Islamic militants blew up a vehicle carrying election candidate Khaleda Mushtaq, killing her father, two supporters and one police escort. More than 120 political activists and candidates were killed in two months leading up to the elections.

APTN

Srinagar, Kashmir - March 25, 2002

Policeman tells separatist leader (leader of group Jammu-Kashmir Liberation Front, JKLF) Yasin Malik he is being arrested at briefing given by Malik

Scuffles between police and Malik's supporters

Malik being led out of building, surrounded by supporters shouting 'We want freedom'

APTN

Srinagar, Kashmir - March 26, 2002

Yasin Malik's supporters chanting slogans, burning tyres

Protestors pelting stones at security, tear gas shells explode amongst them on the street

Security forces running towards protestors

Protestors pelting stones

Policeman throwing stone back at protestors

APTN

Srinagar, Kashmir - May 9, 2002

JKLF leader Javed Mir and other protestors chanting slogans in support of Yasin Malik (after hospital invasion)

Demonstration being stopped by security forces

Police firing tear gas shells

Protestors pelting policemen with stones

APTN

Srinagar, Kashmir - May 21, 2002

Wide shot bodies of separatist Kashmiri leader Abdul Ghani Lone and his bodyguard

Various mourning relatives

Close up body

APTN

Srinagar, Kashmir - 1996 FILE

Various file of separatist Kashmiri leader Abdul Ghani Lone

APTN

Sogam, Kashmir - September 12, 2002

Body of Mushtaq Ahmad Lone

Wide of body

APTN

Srinagar, Kashmir - September 28, 2002

Close up injured candidate Khaleda Mushtaq

APTN

Pahloo Pulgam, outside of Srinaga - September 28, 2002

Close up damaged car

Photograph of injured candidate Mushtaq

APTN

Jammu - September 24, 2002

Security outside polling station for Kashmir elections

Voters marked with indelible ink

Man casts vote

APTN

Srinagar, Kashmir - September 20, 2002

Protestors shouting 'Pakistan' at march against state legislative elections in Kashmir

Tracking shot security force members running through street, firing tear gas at fleeing protestors

Various security force members firing tear gas at protestors

APTN

Kupwara District - March 17, 2002

Wide shot dead suspected Islamic militants, surrounded by Indian security forces who killed 10 of them

Arms and ammunition recovered from militants on display

10:41:22

Ayodhya

The Indian town of Ayodhya, in the state of Uttar Pradesh, became the focus of tensions between Hindu nationalists and Muslims. The Hindus remained intent on building a temple in the town, near the site of a 16th century mosque destroyed by rioters in 1992. Thousands of Hindus visited the city as the campaign mounted. They rejected court orders saying they were not to build the temple, saying they would go ahead anyway. In the communal strife that followed, hundreds were killed.

APTN

Ayodhya, India - February 25, 2002

City of Ayodhya

APTN

Delhi, India - February 26, 2002

Replica of Ayodhya temple intended to be built

APTN

Ayodhya, India - February 26, 2002

Women offering flower to sacred Saryu river during morning prayer

Hindu pilgrims praying at river

APTN

Ayodhya, India - March 15, 2002

Hindu procession with World Hindu Council leader Ramchandra Das Paramhans

Das with consecrated pillar the Hindus want to use in the temple

APTN

Ayodhya, India - February 17, 2002

Close up flower garland

Wide of prayer meeting near temple pillars

Hindu priest making offering

APTN

Ayodhya, India - March 1, 2002

Various of Ayodhya train station as Hindus leave because of violence in town

Hindu pilgrims waiting for train, chanting 'We will be back on March 15 to build the temple'

10:42:19

Gujarat riots and religious killing

Religious tensions also ran high in the state of Gujarat where religious rioting claimed thousands of lives, most of them Muslim. The riots were sparked when a Muslim mob burned a train carrying Hindu nationalists. Then, Hindus went on a killing rampage, burning down Muslim homes and businesses. The police and army were accused of standing by, watching Muslims, including women and children, be burnt alive. The city of Ahmadabad saw some of the worst violence.

APTN

Gujarat State - March 2, 2002

Armed police telling people in Hindi area to get inside or they will be shot

Crowd running (crowd had been watching people trying to salvage their possessions from burning buildings)

Policemen with stick chasing two men

APTN

Ahmadabad, Gujarat - April 26, 2002

Policeman shouting for tear gas to be fired

Policemen firing gas shells

Flaming torch thrown at building by rioter

Building on fire

Police squad firing tear gas

APTN

Kalupur, South of Ahmadabad, Gujarat - April 29, 2002

Flames rising from burning building, petrol bombs hurled through air

Police firing

Burning building

APTN

Ahmadabad, Gujarat - April 30, 2002

Various shots police leading away arrested men, said to have been part of a group which attacked a house with homemade firebombs

APTN

Ahmadabad, Gujarat - March 2, 2002

Young Muslim girl being treated for burns

Girl covered in bandages

APTN

Ahmadabad, Gujarat - March 1, 2002

Various crowd looking at smouldering human remains

Close up name badge lying on ground

Various of Gurbarg residential society - burnt cars and bicycles lying around

Various large fire-damaged building

Dead body covered with cloak lies in road

Burnt shops

Remains of burnt cars and bicycles

APTN

Ahmadabad, Gujarat - March 23, 2002

Various riot damage

Various police standing behind grill

Other Asian News

10:44:20

East Timor

The world's newest country, East Timor, continued on the path of democracy.

In January East Timor launched a truth and reconciliation commission to heal deep rifts in society and promote national unity. The commission focused on atrocities committed between 1974, when Portuguese colonial rule collapsed and 1999, when Indonesia finally pulled out following a UN-sponsored plebiscite. Interim foreign minister and nobel peace prize winner Jose Ramos Horta opened the commission.

Meanwhile in the Indonesian capital, Jakarta, seven senior officials were charged with genocide committed in East Timor in 1999, before, during, and after the referendum. The atmosphere surrounding the 2002 presidential vote could not have been more different to that of the referendum. The two rival candidates hugged. The result was a foregone conclusion. The only rival to independence hero Xanana Gusmao was Xavier do Amaral, who said he only joined the race to educate the East Timorese in the meaning of democracy.

On May 19, East Timor officially became a nation, when Xanana Gusmao was inaugurated as president and the United Nations handed over power to the fledgling government.

APTN

Dili, East Timor - January 21, 2002

Audience at truth and reconciliation commission hearing

SOUNDBITE (English) Jose Ramos Horta, East Timorese Interim Foreign Minister

"Our past, present and future can never be separated. We are committed to reconciliation."

APTN

Jakarta, Indonesia - February 21, 2002

Exterior Jakarta human rights court

Sidabalok, the court's secretary, receiving documents

Close up documents, tilt up to Sidabalok

APTN

Dili, East Timor - April 14, 2002

Presidential candidates Xanana Gusmao and rival Xavier do Amaral hug outside polling station

Cutaway polling station sign

Gusmao and do Amaral come out together to vote

SOUNDBITE (English) Bishop Carlos Belo, East Timor Bishop and Nobel Peace Laureate

"It's an historical moment. The people of East Timor are voting for the first time for their president."

APTN

Taci Tolo, East Timor

Parliamentary speaker Francisco Guterres puts sash around Gusmao's soldiers and his inauguration as president

SOUNDBITE (English) Kofi Annan, UN Secretary General

"I have the honour to transfer executive authority from the United Nations Transitional Administration to the institutions of the Democratic Republic of East Timor."

10:46:03

Indonesia

Religious strife between Christians and Muslims continued in Ambon and the surrounding Maluku islands. Up to 9,000 people were killed and tens of thousands were forced to flee their homes in two years of fighting in the archipelago, known as the Spice Islands during Dutch colonial rule. A fragile peace deal between the two communities was frequently undermined by violence. At the beginning of April a deadly blast killed four people. Later in the month 12 were killed in a Christian village by a raid of suspected paramilitary Muslims.

In Jakarta, the country's best-known Islamic militant went on trial. Jafar Umar Thalib, leader of militant group Laskar Jihad, was accused of inciting violence against Christians in the Maluku province. In his first court appearance, Thalib's supporters rallied for his cause. But when his trial began in October, in the wake of the Bali bombing, his extremist group had apparently disbanded.

APTN

Ambon, Indonesia - April 3, 2002

Various people in street after bomb blast shouting, 'Fire, fire'

People throwing rocks at government building

People shouting at army

Various of burning governor's office building

Police shooting in the air to disperse crowd

APTN

Ambon, Indonesia - April 28, 2002

Pan from house to people fleeing

Church on fire

Wounded person being carried away by people

APTN

Jakarta, Indonesia - August 15, 2002

Jafar Umar Thalib walking into court and sitting, supporters chanting 'Allah u Akhbar' (God is great)

10:47:06

Cambodia Statuettes

In Cambodia, a stash of ancient Buddha statues was uncovered by chance after centuries buried in the ground. There were 31 statues in all - 27 of them said to be made of gold. They were found during construction work in the grounds of Po Pich temple in Komphong Thom province, 130 kilometres north of Phnom Penh. Workers digging out foundations for a new temple discovered a jar and found the statues inside. Some are only as big as a man's thumb. Hundreds of pilgrims and tourists flocked to see them.

APTN

Kompong Thom - August 2002

Wide shot monks in grounds of temple

Grounds of temple, showing excavation area

Close up statues

Pilgrims looking at statues

Statues

10:47:29

Myanmar Suu Kyi released

Burmese opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi was freed from house arrest in May after 19 months. She immediately pledged to do all she could to bring back democracy to military-ruled Myanmar. Suu Kyi arrived at the ramshackle building housing her National League for Democracy party to a tumultuous welcome by thousands of cheering supporters, only a few hours after the junta announced her release.

APTN

Rangoon, Myanmar - May 6, 2002

Various Burmese Opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi walking through street swamped by crowd

Suu Kyi on stage being cheered by crowd

SOUNDBITE (English) Burmese Opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi

"The party was founded in order to bring democracy to Burma, so that is our task, that is what we have to do. And I, as general secretary of the party, must do everything I can to make sure that democracy comes to Burma quickly and comes in the right way."

10:48:00

Pakistan Rape

There was international outcry when news emerged about the gang-rape of a woman in rural Pakistan. A tribal council apparently ordered the rape as punishment against the woman's family. The four rapists went on trial in the remote Pakistani village where the rape happened. Ten other men also went on trial in the same court for allegedly ordering the rape. Eight of the 14 were acquitted; the other six were sentenced to death.

APTN

Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan - July 26, 2002

Exterior court - men accused of gang-raping woman after tribal council ordered it to punish her family

Pan of accused

APTN

Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan - August 3, 2002

Close up rape victim Mukhtaran Mai, pull out to victim standing with defence team and family

Close up victim's face

Accused in chains

APTN

Meerwala, Punjab Province, Pakistan - July 6, 2002

Rape victim Mukhtaran Mai and her brother Shakoor Mai

SOUNDBITE (Urdu) Mukhtaran Mai, Rape Victim

"I was dragged by the people, I begged them not to do this, I begged them to stop, but they would not. My uncle and my father tried to stop them but they did not stop."

Father crying

10:48:51

Pakistan Referendum

Pakistan's president Pervez Musharraf won a controversial referendum to endorse his rule for a further five years, ending a three-year military dictatorship. He won the referendum by 98 percent, although it was marred by accusations of widespread manipulation.

APTN

Rawalpindi, Pakistan - April 30, 2002

Pakistan President Pervez Musharraf voting

Pakistan President Pervez Musharraf at polling station

APTN

Islamabad, Pakistan - April 30, 2002

Men emptying ballot box

APTN

Islamabad - May 1, 2002

SOUNDBITE (English) Imran Khan, Former Prime Ministerial Candidate

"The reason my party supported him was that we feel he should now clean up Pakistani politics - our judicial system and our election commission."

10:49:17

Russia Clashes

Clashes broke out in Moscow between police and leftist radicals calling for a revolution. Police responded with clubs and batons when the protestors tried to force their way through police cordons.

APTN

Moscow - September 15, 2002

Ultra-leftist youth chanting slogans at protest calling for revolution

Line of riot police

Protestors pushing past police cordon

Police fighting with protestors

SOUNDBITE (Russian) Leader of demonstrators

"If the proletariat seize power, we will be in a better position to deal with the bourgeoisie and restore order. Thanks comrades, long live the revolution."

10:49:44

Koreas

South and North Korea embarked on cabinet level talks to revive a reconciliation process that thrived after a historic summit in 2000, but stalled amid US-North Korean tension. A 29-member North Korean delegation flew into Seoul aboard a Soviet-built plane for the three-day talks. The talks focused on previous agreements reached since relations thawed between the two Koreas. Among those was the demining programme in the demilitarised zone (DMZ) which divides the two countries. Demining the area will clear the way for rail and road links across the two sides.

POOL

Seoul, South Korea - August 12, 2002

Head of North Korea delegation, Kim Ryong Song, shaking hands with South Korean counterpart, Jeong Se-hyun, at high-level talks aimed at reviving reconciliation process

APTN

Paju, Near demilitazised zone between the two Koreas - September 19, 2002

Wide shot South Korean soldiers opening wire door at border line in southern part of DMZ

Land mine breaker inside DMZ

Border line where Gyeongui railway was disconnected

Close up road sign directing Seoul and Pyongyang

APTN

Pyongyang, North Korea - September 23, 2002

Various central Pyongyang with pictures of North Korean leader Kim II Sung pictures

Various of statue of Kim II Sung in square named after him

Disasters

10:50:31

Volcanoes

The Congolese town of Goma was all but swallowed up when the nearby volcano of Nyiragongo sent down three major flows of lava. Between 50 and 100 people died in the initial lava flows, and another 60 died when a petrol station exploded. An estimated 300 thousand people fled east following the eruption, taking refuge in already overflowing refugee camps in neighbouring Rwanda.

When the Kilauea volcano erupted in Hawaii, thousands of tourists flocked to see the nightly light show as the lava flowed into the sea. Officials warned the lava was giving off noxious gas but there were no reported injuries. Kilauea is the world's most active volcano.

Europe's most active volcano, Mount Etna, erupted in October. The violent and devastating flank eruption took place after only a few hours of seismic activity. The airport was closed as ash poured into the nearby town of Catania. People living in the town were given gas masks while those from hamlets further up the mountain were evacuated to tents in the valley.

Amateur Video

Goma, Congo - January 18, 2002

People carrying belongings evacuating town

Goma, Congo - January 20, 2002

Night shot of lava flowing in to Lake Kivu, hissing and steaming

Goma, Congo - January 18, 2002

Man pulling aside piece of burning lava with a stick

APTN

Hawaii - September 13, 2002

Two shots of lava flowing into ocean at night

APTN

Sicily, Italy - October 31, 2002

Various night shots of Mount Etna spewing lava (south side)

Santa Venerina, north side of Mount Etna - October 31, 2002

Tented city where local resident displaced from hamlets further up mountain are staying

Sicily, Italy - October 30, 2002

Smoke rising in the distance

Rock in foreground, lava slowly moving in background

Various burning lava

10:51:35

Earthquake

In April a strong earthquake hit Georgia, killing three people in the capital Tbilisi when a building collapsed. Residents poured into the streets and slept in their cars rather than risk returning to their homes.

A 6.0 magnitude quake struck north-west Iran in June, killing at least 500 people. Survivors who had lost their homes stayed in tents. According to the International Red Cross, almost a hundred villages were destroyed.

Italy was in mourning after an earthquake hit the small town of San Giuliano di Puglia, causing its school to collapse. 26 children and three adults were killed. Angry questions were raised about the enforcement of laws governing building safety in the region.

APTN

Tbilisi, Georgia - April 26, 2002

Day shot of crushed car with rubble all around it

Night shot of body being carried onto stretcher from rubble

APTN

Tabalkash village, Northern Iran - June 24, 2002

Two shots of damage caused by earthquake

Various of tents where earthquake survivors were living and people in camp

APTN

San Giuliano di Puglia, Italy - November 1, 2002

Shot from top of hill above town immediately after quake struck

Close up body covered in green blanket being carried out by firemen and paramedics

Pan from pile of rubble to crying couple walking

Various of collapsed houses

Rescuers as they bring up a survivor

Rescue workers lifting small child's desk

10:52:36

Forest fires

Forest and peat-bog fires raged in woodlands across Russia in August. The worst of the fires burnt in the area east of Moscow, causing a thick smog to drench the capital.

APTN

Shature, Near Moscow - August 2, 2002

Close up fire on forest floor, tilts up to trees and smoke

Various man in military uniform spraying ground with hose

Wide pan of firemen wetting smouldering ground

APTN

Moscow - September 4, 2002

Moscow river in smog with silhouettes of buildings

APTN

Moscow - August 15, 2002

Church domes in smoke

10:53:04

Crashes

In September, 23 people were killed when a bus in Guatemala plunged down a steep ravine and into a river below. Witnesses told police that the driver of the bus lost control after speeding to beat another bus to the next stop.

Earlier that month in Bolivia dozens of people were killed when a bus crashed off Bolivia's infamous 'road of death' near the capital La Paz.

There were echoes of September 11 when in April in Milan a small plane with only the pilot on board crashed into a downtown Milan office skyscraper. Four people were killed and 60 injured. The impact destroyed two floors of the Pirelli building, once the headquarters of Italy's tyre manufacturer.

In the Ukraine in July, tragedy hit the Western city of Lviv, when a fighter jet crashed into the crowd at an airshow killing 83 people and injuring 116. The Su-27 warplane clipped the ground while performing aerobatic moves and sheared through a crowd of hundreds before exploding in a ball of fire. Officials announced two days of national mourning.

The small duchy of Luxembourg suffered its worst air disaster when a twin-engine plane coming from Berlin crashed in dense fog close to Luxembourg airport. 20 people were killed.

In Tanzania in June a horrific train crash left more than 170 people dead. More than 1200 people were on the train when it rolled backwards and collided with a freight train going in the same direction.

Another train crash, this time in Egypt, claimed the lives of 363 people. Over one hundred of the victims were too badly burnt to be recognised and were buried after a mass funeral service in Cairo.

In the UK, a high-speed express train derailed on its way through a station north of London. One carriage leapt onto the platform, scattering waiting passengers and killing seven on board. The accident, the sixth fatal accident since 1997 on Britain's widely criticised rail network, raised more questions about rail safety.

Eight people were killed and dozens injured when a train derailed in northeastern Sicily. The express train was travelling from Messina to Palermo when it crashed into a bridge.

APTN

Huehuetenango, Guatemala - September 30, 2002

Aerial of crash area

Two shots of dead bodies of victims being rescued by fire department rescue team

APTN

Sacramento, Bolivia - September 2, 2002

Pan from rescue workers on side of road to ravine into which the bus slid

Various of rescue workers pulling a rope lifting victims out of the ravine

Various rescue worker scaling cliff face with victim on stretcher tied to a rope

APTN

Milan - April 18, 2002

Side view of Pirelli building with smoke coming out of side, pull out to street

Building with smoke coming out

Street covered in paper and emergency vehicle

APTN

Lviv - July 28, 2002

Various lists of injured at hospital

Relative with head in hands outside hospital

Relatives in car mourning

APTN

Lviv - July 30, 2002

Various funeral ceremony

Mothers crying on coffins

APTN

Luxembourg - November 6, 2002

Tail fin

Rescue workers

Crane above tail fin

Firemen carrying body

Rescue workers with crane

APTN

Igandu, Tanzania - June 25, 2002

Wide shot crash site

Derailed carriages

Rescue workers crawling through wreckage

Rescue workers examining wreckage

APTN

Ayyat, Egypt - February 20, 2002

Burnt out train

Rescue workers in carriage

Barred window

APTN

Potters Bar, Near London, England - May 10, 2002

Carriage of train wedged in between platform and canopy

Police standing next to wreckage on track

Wide shot platforms

APTN

Rometta, Sicily - July 21, 2002

Various derailed train

Police near train wreck

10:55:42

Hurricane/Typhoons

Hurricane Lili caused massive damage in October as it tore its way through the Caribbean. Thousands of people in Western Cuba fled their homes as the hurricane hit the island. There were no casualties in Cuba although the storm killed seven people in Jamaica and St. Vincent.

A week earlier, Hurrican Isidore passed by Cuba causing only heavy rains before it tore up to Mexico, its wind speeds increasing to up to 200 kilometres per hour (125 miles per hour). In Mexico's Yucatan peninsula, the hurricane caused massive damage, ripping up trees, tearing away roofs and blocking highways. Thousands were left homeless.

And in August over a hundred people died in unprecedented flooding across Europe. Rains unleashed raging waters that swept away Russian tourists, triggered landslides in Germany and Switzerland and shut down shipping on the Danube in Austria.

Saxony state capital Dresden was hit by high waters, which flooded the famed Semper Opera and the Zwinger palace.

The floods also devastated the Czech capital Prague. 250 residents and tourists had to be evacuated from the city's Old Town as the rain-engorged river Vltava crested.

In August in China, rising river levels killed more than 200 and threatened 10 million people. More than 250 thousand people were evacuated from areas around Dongting Lake.

APTN

Pinar del Rio, Cuba - October 1, 2002

Two shots of heavy rain falling on road during hurricane Lili

Top of trees blown by strong winds

APTN

Las Canas, Cuba - October 1, 2002

Roof of home damaged by winds

Various homes destroyed by Hurricane Lili

APTN

Merida, Yucatan, Mexico - September 23, 2002

Street blocked by fallen trees

Various debris in the streets

Fallen trees in Merida streets

10:56:27

Floods

APTN

Steyr, Austria - August 12, 2002

Buildings and flooded river

Building arch above flooded river, zoom out

Car in river

APTN

Deutschen Area, Germany - August 18, 2002

Various aerials flooded streets and fields near area where dyke collapsed

APTN

Bitterfeld, Germany - August 18, 2002

Various aerials Torgau town surrounded by lake of floodwater

APTN

Dresden, Germany - August 14, 2002

Flooded street with half submerged cars, rescue vehicles passes along

Amateur Video

Prague, Czech Republic - August 14, 2002

Zoom into man struggling in flood water underneath Prague bridge

APTN

Prague, Czech Republic - August 14, 2002

Various submerged river club

Various flooded part of the road, with water up to level of street signs

Various two men in dinghy in flooded road, water covers some ground floor windows

Various man in canoe, passing shops with water halfway up ground floor windows

Various of military unloading sandbags from trucks and making barrier by river

APTN

Lao Jie, Near Yueyang, China - August 22, 2002

Flooded town of Lao Jie, near Dongting Lake

Man on makeshift raft

Man in water opening door

Houses submerged in water

10:57:46

Oil Spills

A terrorist attack was responsible for a blast on the French supertanker the Limburg off the coast of Yemen in October. One Bulgarian member of the Limburg's crew died in the explosion that started a blaze aboard the tanker and spilled 90,000 barrels of oil.

And environmental disaster struck in Spain in November when the Prestige tanker sunk off its northern coast. Officials waited for the worst as oil leaked from the tanker's cargo. The ship first started leaking on November 13 after cracking its hull in a storm in the Atlantic Ocean. After six days, it finally sunk. The oil spilled contaminated a region that suffered another big spill a decade ago. The oil blackened hundreds of kilometers (miles) of beach and rocky shore and forced a ban on fishing and seafood harvesting along a 500 kilometer (300 mile) stretch. Tens of thousands of fishermen and other sea-dependent workers were forced to live off government handouts.

APTN

Mukalla, Yemen - October 8, 2002

Various aerials of Limburg supertanker with damage visible

Various oil washed up on the beach

APTN

Cape Finisterre, Northern Spain - November 20, 2002

Various aerials of area threatened by slick

APTN

Camarinas, Spanish coast - November 17, 2002

Various oil on rocks

APTN

Arteixo beach, Galicia, Spain - November 18, 2002

Oil slick on beach

Cormorant covered in oil flapping its wings

World Politics

10:58:37

World leaders signed the momentous NATO-Russia pact in Rome in May, hailed as the beginning of a new era in international relations. Leaders gathered at a military base near Rome for the signing of the agreement, which effectively made Russia junior partner in NATO by creating a NATO-Russia council.

In November, NATO leaders met in Prague where, in an historic shift, the organisation expanded its membership beyond the borders of the former Soviet Union. NATO invited seven ex-communist countries - Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, Bulgaria, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia - to become members.

The summit, NATO's first beyond the old Iron Curtain, was marred slightly when two young Russian protestors threw tomatoes at the alliance's secretary general during the closing news conference. The protestors, shouting, 'Nato is worse than the Gestapo' missed George Robertson as he was shielded by officials.

In June, Rome played host to the United Nations World Food Summit. Zimbabwean President Robert Mugabe skirted a travel ban to attend the conference amid complaints his policies were worsening the food crisis in the country. He said the future of agriculture in the country was improving and that his controversial land reform programme was a force for positive change. Zimbabwe's opposition accused the government of withholding food aid from its supporters even as the country was experiencing a major food crisis. By November, more than half the population of 12.5 million was facing famine.

In June, world leaders from the Group of Eight met in a remote mountain resort in Canada, avoiding the kind of mass anti-globalisation protests that in previous years have accompanied such summits. While the protests took place in the valley below, and in the Canadian capital, the leaders held bilateral and group meetings, discussing terrorism., economic growth and the Middle East.

Johannesburg was the setting for the ten-day Earth Summit, last held in Rio, Brazil, a decade earlier. World leaders and extensive delegations arrived with the aim of agreeing a world plan to tackle poverty and save the environment. The summit was billed as the largest UN gathering ever. US President George W Bush was notable by his absence from the summit, a fact denounced by environmental groups. But US delegates at the conference dismissed scepticism that the US was not committed to sustainable development. Daily protests, taking place at the perimeter of the UN convention centre, accompanied the summit. A group calling themselves "Indian and African farmers" held a colourful protest against the Common Agricultural Policy which gives European farmers subsidies. But not all the protests were peaceful. One night anti-globalisation protestors clashed with police at a Johannesburg university. The police fired stun grenades at the crowd. On another night riot police used water cannons against pro-Palestinian activists who tried to storm a police station to rescue companions arrested earlier in the day for trying to confront Israeli Foreign Minister Shimon Peres.

APTN

Rome, Italy - May 28, 2002

Exteriors of military base where summit was held

NATO Secretary General George Robertson and Russian President Vladimir Putin walking

Overhead interior of round table

Leaders at table

Putin

SOUNDBITE (English) George W Bush, US President

"Two former foes are now joined together as partners, overcoming 50 years of division and a decade of uncertainty, as this partnership takes us closer to an even larger goal - a Europe that is whole, free and at peace for the first time in history."

Various Putin signing

Pan of leaders posing for a photo

APTN

Prague, Czech Republic - November 21, 2002

Conference Hall

Various delegates at NATO conference

APTN

Prague, Czech Republic - November 22, 2002

Two men standing and throwing tomatoes and starting shouting

Protestors start shouting at Robertson, one wearing an arm band takes off his coat

Protestors being escorted by security

Robertson standing with conference officials in blue coats

APTN

Rome, Italy - June 10, 2002

Exterior Food and Agriculture Organisation headquarters where the UN World Food Summit took place

Various Zimbabwean President Robert Mugabe arriving

South African President Thabo Mbeki arriving

Interior conference - Various UN Secretary General Kofi Annan meeting Mugabe

Conference

Mugabe walking to podium

SOUNDBITE (English) Robert Mugabe, Zimbabwean President

"Contrary to widely disseminated misrepresentations by our detractors, there is now a brighter future for our farming community across colour, gender, and ethnic divides. Our land reform programme is indeed a firm launching pad for your fight against poverty and food insecurity."

POOL

Calgary, Canada - June 25, 2002

Canadian flag

German Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder refusing to put on welcoming white cowboy hat, instead placing it on official

Pan view as helicopters head to Kannanaskis

APTN

Kannanaskis, Canada - June 26, 2002

Wide interior meeting room

Leaders at family photo opportunity with mountains in the background

POOL

Johannesburg, South Africa - September 2, 2002

Various aerials of Johannesburg

Former South African President Nelson Mandela, walking

Zimbabwe President Robert Mugabe arriving

APTN

Johannesburg, South Africa - August 29, 2002

Puppet of US President George W Bush at mock theatre event to protest his absence from the summit

APTN

Johannesburg, South Africa - August 28, 2002

Various farmers holding banners reading "freedom to trade" and "trade not aid"

APTN

Johannesburg, South Africa - August 24, 2002

Various of protestors marching with candles

Audio of stun grenades exploding, crowd running away

APTN

Johannesburg, South Africa - September 2, 2002

Tracking shot along line of riot police with water cannon tenders behind

Water cannon trucks spray mob of chanting pro-Palestinian activists outside police station where other activists earlier in the day had been taken

US Politics and Economics

11:02:25

The US justice department opened an investigation into collapsed energy firm Enron. Many Enron employees lost their life savings when the company filed for bankruptcy on December 2. Arthur Anderson, the firm responsible for checking Enron's books, fired the man who handled the Enron account. David Duncan shredded documents after learning Enron was under government investigation. He said he was acting on the advice of an Andersen lawyer. The situation brought into question the practice firms like Arthur Andersen acting as auditors as well as advisers on how to maximise a company's profits.

Telecommunications giant WorldCom joined the list of spectacular corporate collapses in June when it too applied for bankruptcy. A month earlier, it had disclosed it had inflated profits by nearly four POOL billion dollars through deceptive accounting. It was the largest bankruptcy in US history. WorldCom, based in Clinton, Mississippi, announced it would lay off 17 thousand workers, or 20 percent of its global workforce. A US Congressional panel launched an investigation into WorldCom's accounting irregularities.

In a bid to restore investor confidence President George W Bush signed into law a far-reaching government crackdown on business fraud. Bush said the new legislation should act as a warning to corporate criminals. The measure tightened regulation of companies' financial reporting and provided a new oversight of independent auditors.

Share prices on Wall Street tumbled, increasing fears about a US recession.

Meanwhile, the FBI warned Al Qaida could be planning another terrorist attack. The White House said Americans should remain vigilant.

But the FBI also came under fire. FBI director Robert Mueller told a Congressional hearing into FBI failures that the organisation was aware of the need for massive change, especially in its cumbersome bureaucracy.

APTN

Houston, Texas - November 29, 2001

Exterior views of Enron office

APTN

Houston, Texas - November 29, 2001

Close up employees loading boxes into car

Pan up from employees to Enron building

APTN

Washington DC - January 15, 2002

Various investigators looking at Enron documents

APTN

Washington DC - February 2002

Enron Chief Executive Office Kenneth Lay entering Senate Committee hearing

Wide shot committee hearing

Chicago, Illinois - File

Arthur Andersen headquarters

Interior Arthur Andersen headquarters

APTN

Ashburn, Virginia - June 28, 2002

Various exteriors of WorldCom offices

APTN

Washington DC - June 28, 2002

Various subpoena sent to WorldCom CEOs by House Financial Committee

POOL

Clinton, Mississippi - File

Pan of WorldCom employees at terminals

Close up fibre optic device

POOL

Washington DC - July 8, 2002

Witnesses raise their right hand and are sworn in at congressional hearing into WorldCom

SOUNDBITE (English) John Sidgmore, WorldCom's president and chief executive officer

"We are fighting for our life. I think that should be clear to everybody if you read the newspapers."

POOL

Washington DC - July 30, 2002

US President George W Bush walks into room in White House

SOUNDBITE (English) George W Bush, US President

"This law says to every dishonest corporate leader, you will be exposed and punished. The era of low standards and false profits is over. No boardroom in America is above or beyond the law."

APTN

New York City - July 22, 2002

New York Stock Exchange exterior

NYSE interior pan across floor

NYSE closing bell

APTN

Washington DC - FILE

FBI headquarters

CIA headquarters

POOL

Washington DC - June 6, 2002

Congressional hearing into FBI failures

SOUNDBITE (English) Robert Mueller, FBI Director

"The need for change was apparent even before September 11. It has become even more urgent since then."

European Politics and Economics

11:04:50

12 European countries ushered in the New Year with the introduction of a new currency, the euro. As firework displays in the capitals celebrated the new year and the new currency, revellers flocked to the cash machines for their first look at the brightly coloured new notes. At a ceremony in Vienna, Austria, EC President Romano Prodi, said the euro would strengthen the European Union. More than 15 billion notes and 52 billion coins were produced for the switchover.

European Union expansion came closer to reality. 2004 was set as a date for eight east European nations, and Malta and Cyprus, to join the union. EU Commission President Romano Prodi said the move would be an historic achievement.

There was shock and anger in France when far right leader Jean-Marie Le Pen came second in a first round presidential vote, ahead of incumbent Prime Minister Lionel Jospin who had been expected to go head to head with President Jacques Chirac in the second round run-off. Anti-Le Pen demonstrators clashed with police in Paris and in other French cities. In the event, Chirac won re-election by a landslide, but the first round results were a stark warning about the rise of the far right, both in France and the rest of Europe.

In July, Chirac survived an assassination attempt after a man fired at him from the crowd during Bastille Day celebrations. The attacker, who was described as an emotionally disturbed Neo-Nazi, pulled a rifle from a guitar case and fired off one shot before he was wrestled to the ground. Chirac was riding an open-topped jeep just tens of metres (yards) away. Cries of alarm from the crowd alerted police, who wrestled him to the ground with the help of spectators.

In the Netherlands, right-wing leader Pim Fortuyn was gunned down outside a radio station in Hilversum where he had been giving an interview. The killer was animal rights activist Volkert van der Graaf who was caught moments after the killing with the gun still cocked. The killing shocked the Netherlands and thousands of mourners gathered outside Fortuyn's Rotterdam house to pay their respects.

VNR

FILE

Euro notes being printed

APTN

Vienna, Austria - January 1, 2002

SOUNDBITE (English) Romano Prodi, European Commission President

"Our wish is that the euro is the beginning of a stronger European Union. We shall be the best in the world, the best in the world."

APTN

Athens, Greece - January 1, 2002

Fireworks being launched into the sky

Euro pyramid

Euro pyramid being lit up

APTN

Maastricht, The Netherlands - January 1, 2002

Acrobat swinging from euro tree

Various of performer in giant euro coin

APTN

Paris, France - January 1, 2002

People spraying champagne in the Champs Elysee

APTN

Paris, France - July 16, 2002

Wide shot Eiffel Tower

APTN

Paris, France - May 5, 2002

Boards outside polling station, swastika on Jean-Marie Le Pen poster

Far right leader Jean-Marie Le Pen voting

APTN

Paris, France - April 21, 2002

Noel Mamere, protest leader and defeated presidential candidate for the Green Party, chanting "Down with the National Front"

APTN

Paris, France - April 22, 2002

Demonstrators scuffling with police, one having tear gas sprayed in his face

POOL

Paris, France - July 14, 2002

Close up Jacques Chirac in jeep with audio of gunshot

APTN

Rotterdam, The Netherlands - May 10, 2002

Mourners at grave of murdered Dutch right-wing politician Pim Fortuyn

APTN

Rotterdam, The Netherlands - May 6, 2002

Mourners approach house, man salutes Pim Fortuyn's house

Africa politics

11:06:16

Zimbabwe in March held presidential elections. Incumbent Robert Mugabe won by a landslide, but there were widespread reports of vote-fixing and political violence. The Commonwealth suspended Zimbabwe from its councils for one year because of the violence. Meanwhile Mugabe continued his drive to evict white farmers from their land, as part of his land reform campaign. About 95 percent of Zimbabwe's white-owned farms were earmarked for redistribution to blacks. The land seizure policies, combined with a massive drought, contributed towards massive food shortages. Farmers who resisted eviction often fell victim to militia violence, ignored by the police.

The Miss World competition was moved to London after religious rioting in Nigeria killed more than 200 people. The rioting began in the northern Nigerian city of Kaduna after a newspaper published an article that said the Muslim prophet Mohammed would have approved of the event.

In Madagascar, there was political upheaval following a disputed presidential election in December 2001. Popular Marc Ravalomanana, the mayor of the capital, Antananarivo, claimed he'd won more than half of the vote, and that therefore it shouldn't go to a second round. In February Ravalomanana declared himself president. Incumbent Didier Ratskira proclaimed martial law that sparked violence on a massive scale. 11 people were shot and killed in one day by Ratskira's supporters. Eventually, after a six-month struggle, the US and France recognised Ravalomanana as the legitimate leader. Ratsiraka flew to France and his forces on the island switched sides.

In the Ivory Coast a month long rebellion came to an end when rebels signed a truce to open talks with the government. Tuo Fozie, a rebel official, signed the cease-fire with West African mediators in the city of Bouake, in rebel hands since the uprising began with a bloody coup attempt on September 19.

The rebels seized much of the northern half of the country. At the core of the insurgency were 750-800 ex-soldiers, many dismissed from Ivory Coast's army for suspected disloyalty. The uprising, which killed hundreds of people, gathered support from Ivorians in the north, who complain that the country's southern-based government treats them poorly.

There was international outrage as news emerged that a woman in Nigeria had been sentenced to death by stoning for adultery. Safiya Hussaini was sentenced in October by an Islamic court after she conceived a child with a married neighbour. An appeal court eventually acquitted her.

APTN

Harare, Zimbabwe - March 9, 2002

Journalists, pan to Zimbabwean President Robert Mugabe putting paper in ballot box

Opposition leader Morgan Tsvangirai, of the Movement for Democratic Change, walking towards camera outside his home

Various of MDC supporters with bandages on their faces speaking to journalists saying they were attacked

APTN

London, England - March 19, 2002

Round table of Commonwealth troika (with Australian Prime Minister John Howard, South African President Thabo Mbeki and Nigerian President Olusegun Obasanjo) and Commonwealth Secretary General Don McKinnon

APTN

Marondera, Zimbabwe - August 16, 2002

Wide shot of belongings on lawn after farmer Althea Morgan was forced to leave her farm at gunpoint

SOUNDBITE (English) Althea Morgan, Farm owner

"They just said you've got five hours to get out, and they stood and watched over us with their guns."

APTN

Darwendale, Zimbabwe - September 9, 2002

Farmer Debbie Swales being comforted after being evicted

Various trucks leaving Swales' farm with their belongings

APTN

Abuja, Nigeria - November 23, 2002

Beauty queens in hotel lobby

Kaduna, Nigeria - November 23, 2002

Fire in the street during violence in Kaduna which erupted because of Miss World competition

Building with smoke billowing out

Zoom into church

Body on ground

APTN

Antananarivo, Madagascar - February 4, 2002

Various shots of thousands of protestors in Antananarivo's Independence Square, calling for Marc Ravalomanana to be president

APTN

Antananarivo, Madagascar - March 3, 2002

Armed soldiers in the street

Various crowd standing in front of flames

Audio tear gas being fired, opposition supporters running through the streets

Soldiers in street

APTN

Bouake, Ivory Coast - October 17, 2002

Tuo Fozie, rebel official, arriving with rebel delegation

Wide of mediators

Senegalese Foreign Minister Cheikh Tidiane Gadio and Fozie signing

Handshake

APTN

Sokoto State, Nigeria - March 25, 2002

Court room hearing stoning case

Safiya Hussaini laughing as she hears of acquittal

Interior court

Various of Hussaini and 15 month old baby girl Adama

Muslim judges leaving court after acquittal

Latin American News and Politics

11:09:06

Colombia's 38-year civil war continued into 2002. Bogota was wracked by a wave of terrorist attacks, most of them blamed on the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, or FARC. In January a blast in the capital Bogota killed four policemen and a child. The bomb exploded in a restaurant often frequented by police officers from a nearby police station. Then, on the day of President Alvaro Uribe's inauguration in August, at least six small bombs exploded in several Bogota neighbourhoods. No one was killed but the blasts caused massive damage to property. Uribe, the survivor of several assassination attempts, took the oath of office in the parliament building, foregoing the usual outdoor inauguration ceremony. In September police announced they had captured four people involved in the August 7 assassination attempt.

Unrest continued in Argentina over the economic crisis which lead to the collapse of President Fernando de la Rua's government in December. Protestors demanding better employment rights and the end of a bank freeze, clashed with riot police in the capital and other cities.

Farmers' protests forced the Mexican government to back out of plans to build a new six-runway airport on the capital's outskirts. In an explosive five-day standoff in July, the farmers, who said they would not receive sufficient compensation for having the airport built on their land, blocked roads and took 15 hostages, threatening to kill them. They handed over the hostages in exchange for the release of several fellow protestors. And afterwards the government said it would cancel plans to build the airport in San Salvado Atenco.

APTN

Bogota, Colombia - January 25, 2002

Street where bomb exploded

Police truck and dead body

Restaurant where bomb exploded

Police working around police truck and damage

APTN

Bogota, Colombia - August 7, 2002

Various shots of cars with smashed windows following explosion on the same day as Uribe's inauguration

Soldiers looking at blast area

Broken window of building

POOL

Bogota, Colombia - August 7, 2002

Various Colombian President Alvaro Uribe receiving presidential sash

APTN

Bogota, Colombia - September 13, 2002

Various people accused of being behind Uribe assassination attempt, being displayed to the press

Various weapons seized

APTN

Buenos Aires, Argentina - January 15, 2002

Protestors

Casa Rosada (presidential palace) with guard at fenced gate, pan to protestors wearing bandanas covering their faces

APTN

Buenos Aires, Argentina - January 11, 2002

Riot police

Shirtless rioters throwing rocks and missiles at riot police

Various of riot police throwing tear gas

Pull back from smashed window of bank with graffiti

APTN

San Salvador Atenco, Mexico - July 12, 2002

Road blocked by trucks in protest at planned airport

Farmer making club

Burnt car being used as a barricade

Boxes filled with petrol bombs

APTN

Outside San Salvador Atenco, Mexico - July 12, 2002

Various youths with machetes sitting in the back of a pick-up truck

Various state police trucks

APTN

San Salvador Atenco, Mexico - July 13, 2002

Farmers at roadblock

Graffiti saying 'No airport'

Wide of hostages being held by farmers

APTN

San Salvador Atenco, Mexico - July 15, 2002

Farmers gathered, raising their machetes

Wide hostages being released

Pope John Paul II

11:11:36

Despite his age and frailty, Pope John Paul II showed no sign of moderating his schedule. His travel in 2002 included tours places as far flung as Mexico, Canada and Azerbaijan.

In Italy he held a day of prayers for world peace in Assisi, the birthplace of St. Francis. He also made a one-day visit to Ischia, an Italian island in the Mediterranean Sea near Capri. He used that occasion to make an appeal for peace in the Middle East, an appeal he repeated throughout the year as the conflict between the Palestinians and the Israelis escalated.

In May, the 82-year-old pope looked increasingly exhausted during a trip to Bulgaria and Azerbaijan. Throughout the visit, the Pontiff was wheeled around on a special trolley. Nonetheless he had a packed schedule which included a visit by helicopter to the Rila Monastery, one of Bulgaria's holiest sites.

In August the Pope attended the World Youth Day celebrations in Toronto, Canada. He surprised many by walking down the stairs of his plane. But a week later, in Guatemala, he used a lift to disembark.

Later that month, the Pope made an emotional trip, possibly his last, back to his native Poland. Following mass in Krakow, he stopped at the house he once shared with his father. Residents of Tyniecka Street chanted, "Welcome home" as the popemobile stopped outside No. 10, the grey two-storey building that used to be his home.

POOL

Assisi, Italy - January 24, 2002

Pope seated in train

Pope being met by Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi

Exterior church

Various Christian prayer session with the Pope and Orthodox representative

POOL

Ischia Island , Italy - May 5, 2002

Marquee and Island

Pope entering mass

Pope singing prayer, then crossing himself, doves being released

Doves flying away

APTN

Baku, Azerbaijan - May 22, 2002

Pope meeting Azerbaijan's president Geidar Aliev

APTN

Toronto, Canada - July 23, 2002

Pope blessing children

POOL

Toronto, Canada - July 25, 2002

Pope walking onto stage

Pope smiling on stage

APTN

Guatemala City, Guatemala - July 29, 2002

Band playing national anthem

Pope standing

Pope waving to crowd

Close up Pope

POOL

Mexico City, Mexico - July 31/August 1, 2002

Aztec horn player

Pope blessing bread for ceremony

Woman taking bread from Pope

Various Indian women approaching altar and blessing him

APTN

Krakow, Poland - August 17, 2002

Plaque outside house

'Tyniecka 10' sign

Pope in popemobile arriving at house where he used to live with his father

Pope waving

The British Royal Family

11:14:05

2002 was the 50th jubilee for Britain's Queen Elizabeth II. But it was a year tinged with sadness for the Queen, with the loss of her sister Princess Margaret and Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother, within weeks of each other.

Princess Margaret died aged 71 in February, having suffered at least two strokes in previous years.

Weeks later, on March 30th, the Queen Mother also passed away, aged 101. The Queen Mother held an unshakeable place in British affections for more than half a century, and thousands lined the streets of London to catch a glimpse of her funeral cortege. Her grandson, Prince Charles, paid tribute to her.

The public outpouring of grief following the deaths appeared to increase sympathy and support for the Queen and there was a genuine sense of celebration surrounding the jubilee in June. One of the highlights was a massive rock concert held at Buckingham Palace and relayed on massive screens to tens of thousands of fans in the plaza below the palace. The next day one million people turned out for a day of pomp, pageantry and carnival to crown the jubilee.

The trial of Princess Diana's former butler Paul Burrell collapsed after an intervention by the Queen. Burrell had been accused of stealing Diana's personal belongings after her death. Police removed around 300 items belonging to the princess from Mr. Burrell's home and it was a central part of the prosecution that he had told no one about the items. However the case fell through when the Queen mentioned to her son Prince Charles that Mr. Burrell had told her he was looking after some of Diana's things.

APTN

London, England - February 6, 2002

Queen Elizabeth II signs a large picture of herself while opening cancer centre at a hospital on the 50th anniversary of her father's death

POOL

London, England - August 4, 2000

Princess Margaret, Queen and Queen Mother walk out onto balcony of Buckingham Palace for Queen Mother's 100th birthday

APTN

London, England - August 4, 2001

Close up Princess Margaret in wheelchair

APTN

London, England - February 9, 2002

Buckingham Palace with flag flying at half mast to mark death of Princess Margaret

POOL

Windsor, England - February 15, 2002

Various Royal family walking down road towards the chapel doors for funeral of Princess Margaret

Coffin being carried down castle stairs

Coffin being carried towards hearse, coming to a halt

Queen, Prince Philip, and Viscount Linley and Lady Sarah Chatto watching from castle steps, the Queen wipes a tear from her eye

APTN

Windsor, England - March 31, 2002

Exterior Windsor Castle where Queen Mother died

APTN

London, England - March 31, 2002

Various of horse guards trotting along road

Various of floral tribute to the Queen Mother

APTN

London, England - April 1, 2002

Close up picture of Queen Mother on Union Jack left next to flowers

41 gun salute in Hyde Park

POOL

Windsor, England - April 1, 2002

Various shots of Queen Mother's coffin in chapel

POOL

London, England - April 1, 2002

SOUNDBITE (English) Prince Charles

"Ever since I was a child, I adored her. Her houses were always filled with an atmosphere of fun, laughter and affection."

POOL

Windsor, England - April 2, 2002

Queen Mother's coffin being carried out of Royal Chapel of All Saints

Coffin being loaded onto hearse

APTN

London, England - April 2, 2002

Dawn shot of Westminster and Big Ben

POOL

London, England - June 3, 2002

Night shots

Aerial of Buckingham Palace with crowd in grounds for jubilee concert

Close up, pan round Brian May, formerly of the rock group Queen, playing guitar

Pull out from May playing the British national anthem on guitar on top of the palace

SOUNDBITE (English) Prince Charles (on stage with the rest of the royal family)

"Mummy."

POOL

London, England - June 4, 2002

Wide of crowds in Mall

Flags waving

Queen and Prince Philip look up

APTN

Angola - File

Princess Diana and Paul Burrell during visit to Angola

30 Second Features

11:16:32

Boxers Mike Tyson and Lennox Lewis exchanged punches at a pre-fight press conference in New York City in January. After Tyson was introduced he walked on stage then faced the wing where Lewis was to enter. When Lewis stepped onto the stage, Tyson rushed him. After a tussle lasting several minutes, order was restored.

APTN

New York City, United States - January 22, 2002

Confrontation at news briefing between boxers Mike Tyson and Lennox Lewis, zoom into fight, pull out to wide shot of fight with cameramen surrounding the boxers

UPSOUND (English) Mike Tyson, shouting expletives

11:17:03

A group of young artists from Austria introduced a new strain of music to Europe. Spectators packed a concert hall in Brussels to hear 'The First Vienna Vegetable Orchestra', who makes all its music with vegetables. Carrots and cucumbers are handcrafted into wind instruments, pumpkins and leeks are the percussion, cabbage covers the strings.

APTN

Brussels, Belgium - September 21, 2002

Brochure reading 'The First Vienna Vegetable Orchestra'

Band arriving on stage

Various of band playing music using various vegetables as instruments

11:17:33

In January, fanciful ice sculptures of all shapes and sizes transformed one of China's northern-most cities into a winter wonderland. Harbin city is known for its subarctic climate. It really comes into its own when artisans gather for the annual Ice Lantern Festival. From January 5 to February 14 ice sculptures in the shape of animals and people line the streets. The largest display of sculpted ice and snow was this year located on the north bank of the Songhua River. 80-thousand cubic metres of ice and 120-thousand cubic metres of snow were used to create the frozen fantasy land, which spans an area of roughly 300-thousand square metres. At night the sculptures were illuminated from the inside with coloured lights. This year saw the 16th International Ice Sculpting Competition take place. Artisans from eleven different countries competed in the contest, which this year was won by Japan.

APTN

Harbin, China - January 2002

Night shots of fireworks exploding over Harbin

European-style ice building

Chinese-style ice building

Buddha snow sculpture at Zhaolin Park

Large mosque ice sculpture

Various people sliding down illuminated green ice ramp on side of mosque

Ice sculptures from competition

Winning ice sculpture

11:18:02

An internet website in Taiwan gave new meaning to the phrase 'news in brief,' because its three female presenters read the news wearing only their underwear. The 'Underview News,' was launched on January 7th on the website run by Taiwan's largest telecom company, Chunghua Telecom. The anchors, in their 20s, appear in carefully selected underwear.

APTN

Taipei, Taiwan - January 28, 2002

UPSOUND (Mandarin) Cameraman

"Four, three, two.."

Anchor reading news in underwear

Various clips from news broadcast on internet

APTN

Taipei, Taiwan - January 30, 2002

People sitting in front of monitors in an internet café

SOUNDBITE (Mandarin) Vox pop

"People would lose interest in this if the anchors didn't take their clothes off."

APTN

Taipei, Taiwan - January 28, 2002

Various editors at work in the studio

11:18:23

A Thai woman set an unofficial world record in October for spending 32 days in a roomful of 3400 scorpions. Kanchana Ketkeaw, a performance artist, was stung nine times during the attempt but she was not put off. She was already used to scorpions because she performs with them as part of a tourist attraction, putting them in her mouth and dancing with them.

APTN

Pattaya, Thailand - September 21, 2002

Kanchana Ketkeaw, in room full of scorpions

Scorpions on Kanchana

APTN

Pattaya, Thailand - October 23, 2002

Scorpion on Kanchana's neck

Various of Kanchana kissing scorpion

Last day of countdown calendar being peeled off

Kanchana stepping out of glass room with scorpions on shirt

11:19:02

Egyptian archaeologists made a startling discovery - six tombs dating back some 3,500 years to Egypt's golden age. The tombs were found near the house of the Old Kingdom near Cairo.

APTN

Saqqara - June 6, 2002

Wide of site and pyramid in background

Various of archaeologist brushing inscriptions

Close up inscriptions

Tilt down tomb

Various of site

Close up small statue found in one of the tombs

11:19:35

About 50 artists and architects displayed their visions for the rebuilding of the World Trade Center site at an exhibition in New York. While many designs had memorial aspects, only a few actually called for the entire 16-acre site to be made into a memorial.

APTN

New York City - January 25, 2002

Various shots of Max Protetch Gallery and close ups of works submitted

11:20:04

The United States Geological Survey (USGS) and NASA celebrated the 30th anniversary of Landsat, a photo-imaging programme that has been pictorially mapping the Earth's geographical changes over the decades. The 30-year archive of imagery, a scientific partnership between NASA and the USGS, provides historical detail that can help scientists understand and protect the planet.

In celebration of the 30th anniversary of the first Landsat launch, NASA and the USGS assembled an exhibit with 41 images taken over the last 30 years.

NASA

NASA - pictures taken from space

Aleutian clouds

Kalahari desert, Namibia

Terkezi Oasis, Chad

Iraqi emplacement

Great Salt Desert, Iran

Whirlpool in the air off Greenland

Richat structure, Mauritania

Lena Delta, Russia

Ganges River Delta

Volga River Delta

Enlarged portion of US showing smoke from Arizona wildfires (June 21, 2002)

Stop Press

11:20:54

Indonesian police announced they'd caught up with the two prime suspects for the Bali bombing in September. Amrozi, who like many Indonesians only uses one name, was displayed before the media. Police said Amrozi admitted owning a L3000 Mitsubishi minivan that was filled with at least 50 kilogrammes (110 pounds) of explosives.

APTN

Bali, Indonesia

Amrozi in handcuffs being brought into room

Indonesian police chief Da'I Bachtiar showing Amrozi to media, Amrozi sits down

Amrozi smiling

Amrozi's handcuffs being taken off

Close up Amrozi

Amrozi waving to media outside

11:21:44

Terrorists struck again in November, targeting holidaying Israelis in Mombasa, Kenya. A jeep packed with explosives smashed into a hotel lobby, just minutes after a large group of Israelis had left. Two Israeli boys were killed, along with their 61-year-old Israeli tour guide and 10 Kenyans. Minutes before the hotel bombing, two Strela missiles were fired and narrowly missed an Israeli charter plane departing from Mombasa's airport.

APTN

Paradise Hotel, Kikambala, Near Mombasa - November 29, 2002

Various of explosion site

Close up burnt out car

Kenyan President Daniel Arap Moi walking round site of the explosion

Two rocket launchers being unveiled

SOUNDBITE (English) Daniel Arap Moi, Kenyan President

"I want to tell you Western people, don't welcome anybody as a friend - there are no friends, accept those who love you. Kenya's government is going to pursue it. I cannot say much, but we'll do the best we can."

APTN

Kikambala, Near Mombasa - November 29, 2002

Three dancers in hotel lobby before attack (these three women were all killed), pan round to show Noy an Dvir Anter, two Israeli boys who were killed, with their father Rami Anter (in black and white top), who survived

Fire visible from round corner of building

Smoke rising

Injured person being carried

People wrapping bandages round wounded man's eyes

11:23:07

End

SHOTLIST:

London

1. Wide shot Dr John Chipman, Director of International Institute of Strategic Studies, holding report

2. Close up of Chipman posing with report

3. People reading report

4. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dr John Chipman, Director, International Institute of Strategic Studies:

"Our net assessment of the current situation is that Iraq does not possess facilities to produce fissile material in sufficient amounts for nuclear weapons. It would require several years and extensive foreign assistance to build such fissile material production facilities. It could, however, assemble nuclear weapons within months if fissile material from foreign sources were obtained."

5. Cutaway press conference

6. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dr John Chipman, Director, International Institute of Strategic Studies:

"Iraq can certainly produce new stocks of bulk BW (biological weapons) agent, including botulinum toxin and anthrax with its existing facilities, equipment and materials. BW agent could be delivered by short-range munitions including artillery shells and rockets. Delivery by ballistic missile is more problematic given that much of the agent would be destroyed on impact, and the immediate area of dispersal would be small. Civilian casualties however could still be in the hundreds or thousands."

7. Cutaway journalists

8. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dr John Chipman, Director, International Institute of Strategic Studies:

"Unless Iraq has advanced beyond the impact fusing and warhead design of its 1990 era special warheads, its ability to disseminate effectively CW (chemical weapons) agent on ballistic missiles is questionable, since so much agent would be destroyed on impact."

9. Pan from stage to audience

10. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dr John Chipman, Director, International Institute of Strategic Studies:

"Our net assessment of the current situation is that Iraq has probably retained a small force of about a dozen 650km range al-Hussein missiles. These could strike Israel, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Iran and Kuwait. These could be armed with CBW warheads."

11. Cutaway

12. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dr John Chipman, Director, International Institute of Strategic Studies:

"This strategic dossier does not attempt to make a case, either way, as to whether Saddam Hussein's WMD (weapons of mass destruction) arsenal is a casus belli per se (reason to wage war in itself). Wait and the threat will grow; strike and the threat may be used. Clearly governments have a pressing duty to develop early a strategy to deal comprehensively with this unique international problem."

13. Wide shot press conference

Washington DC

14. Wide shot Terence Taylor, Executive Director, International Institute for Strategic Studies, at press conference

15. Mid shot Taylor at press conference

16. Cutaway journalists

17. SOUNDBITE: (English) Terence Taylor, Executive Director, International Institute for Strategic Studies:

"I don't think this job of eliminating Iraq's weapons of mass destruction can be done by air forces and cruise missiles. We don't know enough in detail about where these facilities are. Some of them may be underground, some of them we know are mobile, like mobile laboratories for biological weapons and so on, so I think we wouldn't know any more than we would in 1998."

18. "Key Extracts" of report copy tossed onto front page cover of report

19. SOUNDBITE: (English) Terence Taylor, Executive Director, International Institute for Strategic Studies:

"There should be a shot at inspectors returning. I think there should be a last ditch effort saying to Baghdad, completely unhindered, no strings attached, if you want to show the world that you've ended these programmes, because you haven't convinced them yet, let the inspectors come back with the original conditions under UN Security Council resolution 687, which the previous inspection regime, so-called UNSCOM operated, and that might help in convincing the world community. I don't have a great deal of optimism that they would cooperate fully enough, but it should be given a shot."

20. Wide shot press conference

STORYLINE:

Saddam Hussein doesn't have nuclear missiles at the moment but he could develop them within a matter of months if he gets the necessary material from abroad, a leading independent think-tank said on Monday.

The International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) report said developing weapons of mass destruction is one of Iraq's top priorities, adding that Saddam Hussein devotes enormous resources to such weapons.

The report - presented in both London and Washington DC - was compiled by a range of experts and focused particular concern on Iraq's efforts to develop nuclear weapons.

It expressed concern that a nuclear weapon, if developed, could fall into the hands of terrorists.

The report said that although Baghdad appears several years away, at least, from making its own nuclear or fissile material for a bomb, it could get the material from a foreign source and construct a weapon quickly.

The study gave no evidence that Iraq has been able to obtain nuclear materials. There has been concern about nuclear material being sold on the black market in parts of the former Soviet Union.

The report also said Iraq retains significant biological and chemical weapons and, more importantly, the ability to quickly produce more stocks.

The findings, presented as an impartial and technical analysis, echoed similar warnings from various government and private analysts and did not appear to contain much new information.

The release of the study came as US President, George W Bush, intensified efforts on Monday to gain international support for action against Iraq. The US administration says Baghdad poses a threat to American and international interests.

SHOTLIST:

1. Wide shot of Dr John Chipman holding report

2. Close up of Chipman posing with report

3. People reading report

4. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dr John Chipman, Director, International Institute of Strategic Studies

"Our net assessment of the current situation is that Iraq does not possess facilities to produce fissile material in sufficient amounts for nuclear weapons. It would require several years and extensive foreign assistance to build such fissile material production facilities. It could, however, assemble nuclear weapons within months if fissile material from foreign sources were obtained."

5. Wide shot of news conference

6. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dr John Chipman, Director, International Institute of Strategic Studies

"Iraq can certainly produce new stocks of bulk BW (biological weapons) agent, including botulinum toxin and anthrax with its existing facilities, equipment and materials. BW agent could be delivered by short-range munitions including artillery shells and rockets. Delivery by ballistic missile is more problematic given that much of the agent would be destroyed on impact, and the immediate area of dispersal would be small. Civilian casualties however could still be in the hundreds or thousands."

7. Cutaway of cameras

8. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dr John Chipman, Director, International Institute of Strategic Studies

"Unless Iraq has advanced beyond the impact fusing and warhead design of its 1990 era special warheads, its ability to disseminate effectively CW (chemical weapons) agent on ballistic missiles is questionable, since so much agent would be destroyed on impact."

9. Pan from stage to audience

10. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dr John Chipman, Director, International Institute of Strategic Studies

"Our net assessment of the current situation is that Iraq has probably retained a small force of about a dozen 650km range al-Hussein missiles. These could strike Israel, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Iran and Kuwait. These could be armed with CBW warheads."

11. Cutaway

12. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dr John Chipman, Director, International Institute of Strategic Studies

"This strategic dossier does not attempt to make a case, either way, as to whether Saddam Hussein's WMD (weapons of mass destruction) arsenal is a casus belli per se (reason to wage war in itself). Wait and the threat will grow; strike and the threat may be used. Clearly governments have a pressing duty to develop early a strategy to deal comprehensively with this unique international problem."

13. Wide shot of news conference

STORYLINE:

Saddam Hussein doesn't have nuclear missiles at the moment but he could develop them within a matter of months if he gets the necessary material from abroad, according to a leading independent think-tank.

The warning came in a dossier published on Monday by the International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) in London.

The dossier added that Iraq has significant stocks of chemical and biological weapons, which could be loaded onto missiles capable of striking countries as afar afield as Israel, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Iran and Kuwait.