SHOTLIST:

1. Pan of creator of Berlin wall cycle trail, Michael Cramer and his friend Guenter Warnecke riding bikes at Potsdamer Platz

2. Tilt down of watch tower

3. Low angle of Cramer and Warnecke climbing up inside the watch tower

4. Wide of building seen from window of watch tower

5. Cramer and Warnecke riding their bikes

6. Tilt down from wall to Cramer and Warnecke visiting Topography of Terror memorial

7. Cramer and Warnecke visiting memorial

8. Close of wall at Topography of Terror memorial

9. SOUNDBITE: (German) Michael Cramer, initiator of the wall bike trail:

"Over there is one of the ministry buildings. It was the former air traffic ministry of the Nazis. There on June 15th 1961, former GDR (German Democratic Republic) leader Walter Ulbricht said, ''Nobody has the intention to built a wall''. But here is the wall."

10. Cramer and Warnecke riding their bikes along wall trail

11. SOUNDBITE: (German) Michael Cramer, initiator of the wall bike trail:

"Peter Fechter was one of the first refugees to be killed. It was especially tragic because his friend made it into West Berlin. Fechter was stuck in barbed wire and was shot. For four hours nobody cared. The Allied forces and Berlin police did not want to, and could not help him and the other side (East) did not care. He finally bled to death."

12. Cramer and Warnecke riding their bikes along the former wall

13. SOUNDBITE: (German) Guenter Warnecke, bike and history enthusiast:

"13th of August 1961 was a Sunday. I was was at a sports ground and someone had a radio there where we heard about the construction of the wall. As a result, I noticed a couple of days later that my fellow students from Teltow, Babelsberg and Potsdam (in the former east) disappeared."

14. Cramer and Warnecke riding along the former patrol road

15. Cramer passing by "East side gallery"

16. Close of bicycle

17. Pan of Cramer and Warnecke arriving at "East Side gallery"

18. Set up of historian at Bernauer Strasse, Guenter Schlusche

19. SOUNDBITE: (German) Guenter Schlusche, Historian:

"The leaders of the GDR were under pressure to act because more and more people were leaving the country, in the time, the months and years, before the wall was built. The GDR leaders didn''t or did not want to see the reason for it. That''s why they decided to built the wall."

20. Wide memorial for victims of the Berlin wall at Bernauer Strasse

21. Photographs of people who died at the wall

22. SOUNDBITE (German) Michael Cramer, initiator of the wall bike trail:

"Only someone who knows the past can face the future. We all want to be able to deal with our future, that''s why we have to know our past. The bicycle is fast enough to see a lot and slow enough to take it all in."

23. Cramer and Warnecke on their bikes

24. Pan of East Side Gallery

STORYLINE:

Fifty years after East German authorities constructed a wall through the heart of Berlin, only at a few pieces remain of the once formidable barrier that divided the city in two.

Although the former wall is one of Berlin''s biggest tourist draws, the attractions relevant to the structure are far-flung and difficult to find.

It is not only foreign visitors who struggle to figure out where the barrier once stood.

A young generation of Berliners has hardly any reminders of their city''s - and nation''s - once defining barrier.

Michael Cramer, a member of the left-leaning Greens party decided it was important to keep parts of the wall visible as a reminder of the city''s turbulent history.

After campaigning for 10 years, he and his party have established the Berlin Wall Trail, a bicycle path to mark the former strip where the wall once stood.

The Berlin Wall Trail traces the course of the former GDR (German Democratic Republic) border fortifications that encircled West Berlin.

For nearly three decades, the former western enclave in the heart of communist Germany was surrounded by the nearly 160-kilometre (99-mile) barrier.

The bike trail starts in the centre of Berlin, at Potsdamer Platz, formerly a no-mans-land between east and west.

The first stop is only a few metres away - one of five former East German watch towers that still stand today.

More then 300 watch towers were built along the former inner-German border and used to prevent people from escaping the former GDR into the west.

From Potsdamer Platz, the trail leads to another place soaked in the history of the former GDR, and the Nazis before them.

At the place where today the Topography of Terror memorial site now stands, the Nazis tortured people during interrogations at the former Gestapo headquarters.

Right behind it is the house of the ministries where history was written several times.

"It was the former air traffic ministry of the Nazis," says Cramer. "There on June 15th 1961, former GDR leader Walter Ulbricht said ''Nobody has the intension to built a wall''. But here is the wall."

More than 230 people died at the Berlin Wall.

The first was Guenter Liftin on August 24th 1961 and the last Chris Gueffroy on February 6th 1989.

Recently erected columns along the bike path with the names of the victims honour those who died.

"Peter Fechter was one of the first refugees to be killed," Cramer says. "It was especially tragic because his friend made it into West Berlin. Fechter was stuck in barbed wire and was shot. For four hours nobody cared. The Allied forces and Berlin police did not want to and could not help him, and the other side (East) did not care. He finally bled to death."

City authorities have laid down an eight-kilometre (five-mile) long, double row of cobblestones through the heart of the city to mark the course of the wall.

The entire wall ran some 40 kilometres (25 miles) through the city.

Since 2001, Guenter Warnecke, a 72-year-old Berliner has regularly ridden along the wall trail.

The former engineer was a student in 1961 and remembers the historic day when suddenly his former classmates who lived in the east were no longer around.

"I was was at a sports ground and someone had a radio there where we heard about the construction of the wall," Warnecke recalls. "As a result, I noticed a couple of days later that my fellow students from Teltow, Babelsberg and Potsdam (in the former east) disappeared."

The bike trail runs along the former patrol road used by customs officers in West Berlin, or along the control road used by GDR border troops for their own patrols.

Sections of historic interest, with traces or remains of the old wall, alternate with stretches of natural beauty.

The last section of the inner wall has become famous all over the world as the "East Side Gallery."

Its pictures, painted by various artists in 1990, were carefully restored to their original brightness in 2009.

In recent years, the efforts to preserve the Berlin Wall, including the bike trail, have made it one of the city''s top tourist attractions.

Germans and foreigners alike flock to see pieces of the former barrier to contemplate the lessons it can bring to future generations.

"Only someone who knows the past can face the future. We all want to be able to deal with our future, that''s why we have to know our past," says Cramer. "The bicycle is fast enough to see a lot and slow enough to take it all in."

Friedrich-Wilhelm Lenz was only a toddler when the wall went up that split his family's 75-hectare farm in two - dividing the cow stall and even a restaurant on the land.

It was 1952, and East German authorities were erecting the wooden barrier that broke up the twin towns of Zicherie in the capitalist West and Boeckwitz in the communist East.

The two had operated as one for centuries - sharing markets, schools and social clubs - and had long been the site of the Lenz family farm.

Years before the collapse of the Berlin Wall - whose 25th anniversary falls Sunday - East Germany had already started sealing off its main frontier with West Germany, spanning nearly 1,400 kilometres (870 miles), dividing communities, friends and even families.

The Lenz family keenly felt the trauma of division.

"My father kept on dreaming of his farm. And he always told me that there is nothing is more enduring then property," recalled Lenz, now 64.

"My father never said 'One day we get our property back' - nobody would have believed it anyway."

The East German authorities seized their property and forced them to relocate to another town on the communist side of the border.

They didn't like it and were able to move to the part of their property that remained in Zicherie in 1960.

But they left Friedrich-Wilhelm's older sister, Anneliese, with an aunt so she could finish high school before rejoining them.

It was a tragic error.

In 1961, East Germany built the Berlin Wall to stem an exodus of its citizens and left the family fractured.

That also turned a still relatively porous divide between East and West into a full-fledged Iron Curtain.

"We were here and my sister was in the East," said Lenz.

"It was brutal and hard for us."

It was only in 1986 - a quarter century after separation - that Anneliese was allowed to rejoin her family in the West.

Meanwhile the residents of Boeckwitz lived as if in a prison.

They needed permission from the Communist authorities to receive visitors, even from other East Germans, or to go out late at night.

They lived in an exclusion zone and were forced to document almost every step they made.

Many people left.

By 1989, only 78 of the previous 120 residents were still living in the town.

Boeckwitz native Willi Schuette was 13 when the town was first divided after World War II.

Schuette and his family also lost their farm in 1952.

The family relocated to a village 25 kilometres (15.5 miles) away from Zicherie in the Western part of Germany.

From here Schuette came to Zicherie as often as he could to observe the situation in his hometown Boeckwitz from behind the wall.

But just looking across the border was life-threatening, he said.

"I was standing in Zicherie at a barrier and wanted to take a picture of him (East German soldiers at window). But he took his rifle and pointed it to me like he wanted to kill me. I was full of fear because at my side in the West were no border guards. I left and wanted to go but when I turned around I saw him leaving. That was the moment I took this picture here," Schuette said.

Following reunification, both the Schuette and the Lenz families got their confiscated property back.

Schuette renovated one of the buildings still standing to create a museum to remind succeeding generations of the difficult years under Communism.

"If we don't preserve something like this then nobody would know about it today," Schuette said.

The photos that Schuette shot - including that of the soldier who pointed his gun at him - are now part of the museum.

The shadow of Germany's divided past lives on in the lives of such communities that straddled the Cold War divide.

Gerhard Borchert, Mayor of the borough of Brome, which contains Zicherie, thinks that though it may take time to overcome the divide, the first steps have already been taken.

"I think that people are getting closer together again. People meet in sport communities and hunting clubs or sing together. A lot of things went back to normal," he said.

Boeckwitz and Zicherie, once a symbol of Germany's division, are now a hopeful sign of its reunification.

AP TELEVISION

Boeckwitz/Zicherie - 3 November 2014

1. Pan to fence where wall used to be

2. Barbed wire on top of the wall

3. Fence where wall used to be

4. Watchtower behind fence

5. Zoom in to watchtower in conservation area

6. Former Boeckwitz resident Friedrich Wilhelm Lenz passing landmark in Zicherie from 1958 reading (German) "Germany can't be divided"

7. Lenz showing the area where his former home was UPSOUND (German) "This was our land, where our farm and farmhouse was. I was born here."

8. Various of model of Lenz's farm

9. SOUNDBITE (German) Friedrich Wilhelm Lenz, former Boeckwitz resident who was forced to flee:

"My father kept on dreaming of his farm. And he always told me that there is nothing which is more enduring than property. My father never said 'One day we get our property back '- nobody would have believed it anyway.'"

10. Street signs reading (German) "Bockwitzer Strasse and Zicherier Strasse"

11. Street in Zicherie

12. SOUNDBITE (German) Friedrich Wilhelm Lenz, former Boeckwitz resident who was forced to flee:

"It became more complicated when the wall was built in 1961. We were here and my sister was in the East because she wanted to finish school and planned to join us afterwards. But all over sudden it wasn't possible anymore. It was brutal and hard for us."

13. Various STILLS showing wide of wall dividing Zicherie and Boeckwitz

14. Former Boeckwitz resident Willi Schuette pointing at photograph

15. STILL of wall dividing Zicherie and Boeckwitz

16. SOUNDBITE (German) Willi Schuette, former Boeckwitz resident:

"I was standing in Zicherie at a barrier and wanted to take a picture of him (East German soldier at window). But he took his rifle and pointed it at me like he wanted to kill me. I was full of fear because at my side in the West there were no border guards. I left and wanted to go but when I turned around I saw him leaving. That was the moment I took this picture here."

17. Tilt down entrance of museum

18. East German Trabant at museum entrance

19. SOUNDBITE (German) Willi Schuette, former Boeckwitz resident:

"If we didn't preserve something like this then nobody would know about it today."

20. Fence and sign where wall used to be

21. Signpost of former inner German border

22. SOUNDBITE (German) Gerhard Borchert, mayor of Brome:

"I think that people are getting closer together again. People meet in sport communities and hunting clubs or sing together. A lot of things went back to normal."

23. Various of fence and barbed wire where wall used to be

SHOTLIST:

Berlin, Germany - 22 June 2013

1. Daniel Vogel-Essex, "Ozon Cyclery" (a bike manufacturer based in Berlin that specialises in bamboo bikes) co-founder, getting up on bamboo bike and cycling away

2. Tracking shot of Vogel-Essex cycling

3. Vogel-Essex cycling past camera

4. Low wide shot of Vogel-Essex cycling towards camera and coming to a halt

5. Various close shots of bamboo bike

6. SOUNDBITE: (English): Daniel Vogel-Essex: "Ozon Cyclery" co-founder:

"The frame weights about two kilos. Our frames weight generally around two kilos, which is equivalent to a high-end steel frame. Like sometimes, we have had one that was a kilo and a half. That was, I think, the lightest. And, like for touring bikes or like someone who is really tall, they can go maybe 2.5 kilos. I think the heaviest we have ever built was like three. So you have to really, really make it thick and robust to get it to three kilos."

7. Various of man with mask applying fibre composite material on bamboo tubes

8. Mid of man sanding bamboo tube

9. Pan from logo to man working with tools with background

10. Close of bike sketch

11. Mid of bamboo tubes on shelves

12. Close of bamboo tubes on counter

13. Mid of Stefan Bruning, Co-founder of "Ozon Cyclery", sanding bamboo tube

14. Mid of Vogel-Essex and Bruning speaking

15. SOUNDBITE: (English): Daniel Vogel-Essex, "Ozon Cyclery" co-founder:

"People say steel is real. You know, steel... a steel frame rides really nicely. A lot of people don't like the way that aluminium rides because it's really super stiff and uncomfortable. I want to make a bumper sticker that says 'bamboo is realer.' Like, you start with an aluminium frame, it's really super stiff and uncomfortable. You go to a steel frame and you think 'oh this rides really great', it's really... it's stiff but at the same time it is comfortable to ride. And, with bamboo you can get an even stiffer frame, like torsional stiffness is even better but then the vibration absorption is even better than steel. So its both qualities are better."

16. Close of bamboo

17. Low mid shot of man joining bamboo tubes

18. Various close shots of bamboo bike

19. SOUNDBITE: (English): Daniel Vogel-Essex: "Ozon Cyclery" co-founder:

"Bamboo is perfect for custom frames. It's perfect for frames where ever frame is different, because every bamboo pole is different. You have the option when you build a bamboo frame to pick the tubing that is perfect for you. The right diameter, the right wall thickness. Which� Where�. Since every tube is different, then you order one... one stack of bamboo and you got all sorts of different options which is perfect for custom hand building a frame."

20. Close of Robin Gobel, participant in bamboo bike workshop, tightening bike screws

21. Mid of Gobel building bike

22. Various close shots of Gobel building bike

23. SOUNDBITE (German): Robin Gobel, participant in bamboo bike workshop:

"I think when you ride through the city with a normal bike you get ignored. But I have heard from the other people here that with this kind of bike people stop you to speak to you."

24. Wide of Vogel-Essex jumping up on bike and cycling away

25. Mid tracking shot of cycling; tilt up

26. SOUNDBITE: (English): Daniel Vogel-Essex, "Ozon Cyclery" co-founder:

"I think it will be easy for us to give a 10-year guarantee on a frame. Right now, if anyone can get one of our frames to break within two years, I would happily sponsor them. Because that means that they are riding a lot. Right?"

27. Low wide shot of Vogel-Essex riding past camera with pedestrian walking in background

28. Mid of Bamboo bike locked to fence

29. Close of metal lock on bamboo bike

LEADIN:

A company in Berlin has joined a small and exclusive club of bike producers that make their frames of bamboo.

The company claims bamboo is the perfect material for a bike; lightweight, stable and shock absorbent.

STORYLINE:

It rides like any other but this bike is not made of steel or alluminuin or even, carbon fibre.

Its frame is actually made of a plant: bamboo.

The steel or carbon frame debate rages amongst cycling fanatics.

But bamboo is now gaining fans amongst cyclists who wants to stand out from the regular bike crowd.

Daniel Vogel-Essex, an American citizen who moved to Berlin in 2007, and Stefan Bruning are the founders behind "Ozon Cyclery" - a bike manufacturer based in the German capital that specialises in bamboo custom bikes.

Over the last three years, they have built around 70 bamboo bikes in their small workshop located in Berlin's trendy Friedrichshain district.

Holding one of the first bamboo bikes he built himself, Vogel-Essex explains that the weight of the frames is one of the advantages of bamboo.

"The frame weights about two kilos. Our frames weight generally around two kilos, which is equivalent to a high-end steel frame,"

"And, for touring bikes or someone that is really tall, they can go maybe 2.5 kilos. I think the heaviest we have ever built was like three. So you have to really make it thick and robust to get it to three kilos," Vogel-Essex adds.

As well as selling the custom made bikes, "Ozon Cyclery" also runs workshops where people can spend their weekends building their own bamboo bikes.

But if you think these bikes can be a budget option, you are wrong.

A custom made frame will start at 1000 euro (1300 US dollars).

A workshop to learn how to make the bike will set you back between 450 and 800 euro (585 - 1040 US dollars) depending on how much help and time you need to finish your bike.

But according to Vogel-Essex, it's time and money well spent.

He says, bamboo might be stiff but it's also confortable.

"Like, you start with an aluminium frame and it is really super stiff and uncomfortable and you go to a steel frame and you think 'oh this rides really great,' it is stiff but at the same time it is comfortable to ride,"

"And, with bamboo you can get an even stiffer frame, like torsional stiffness is even better but then the vibration absorption is even better than steel. So its both qualities are better." Vogel-Essex explains.

The bamboo comes from a local supplier who imports it from East Asia.

Building a bamboo bike takes time and a lot of patience since a big part of the work is handmade.

The tubes come in batches containing all different kinds of sizes and with different thicknesses and characteristics.

And while this would be a problem if you were to mass produce the bamboo bikes, Vogel-Essex says it is perfect for custom building frames.

"You have the option, when you build a bamboo frame, to pick the tubing that is perfect for you. The right diameter, the right wall thickness."

Robin Gobel has been working on his bamboo bike for several months.

He started participating in the "Ozon Cyclery" workshop in late 2012 and has spent many weekends working on his bike.

Besides wanting to build something with his own hands, he also wanted to stand out of the regular cycling crowd.

"I think when you ride through the city with a normal bike you get ignored. But I have heard from the other people here that with this kind of bike people stop you to speak to you," Gobel says.

Despite its current success, the beginning of "Ozon Cyclery" was anything but easy.

The first bamboo frames didn't even last enough time to put the wheels and seats on.

They were simply not strong enough and not treated correctly.

But since then, they believe they've almost perfected the bamboo frame building, even to the point where the frames are strong enough to handle daily riding for years.

"I think it will be easy for us to give a 10-year guarantee on a frame. Right now, if anyone can get one of our frames to break within two years would happily sponsor them. Because that means that they are riding a lot," Vogel-Essex says.

Other small bamboo bike companies have cropped up around the world, such as in the US, UK and Australia.

Vogel-Essex is certain that the market will grow, so don't be surprised if you see a bamboo racer going past you on the bike path.

But one essential part of the bike kit is unlikely to change anytime soon.

The bike lock will probably continue to be made of metal for the foreseeable future.

LEAD IN:

A 27-year old Jordanian man is training for the Berlin Marathon despite fasting during the Islamic holy month of Ramadan.

Mo'ath al-Khawaldeh also hopes to qualify for the 2020 Olympics in Tokyo with the help of a specially designed diet and exercise program.

STORY-LINE:

Another day on the track for marathon runner Mo'ath al-Khawaldeh.

For 30 days, he's training and eating according to a program he's developed with nutritionists and trainers in the US and Jordan. He's hoping to get his best ever time at the upcoming marathon in Berlin.

But this is no ordinary training schedule - it's taking place during Ramadan, the holy Islamic month in which he is required to fast between the hours of sunrise and sunset.

"It's tough. Once I get to the track I just forget that I'm fasting. Sometimes you cannot forget about it because in the middle of the work out you hit the wall, but you have to keep pushing", he explains.

Mo'ath al-Khawaldeh is pushing himself because he is also hoping to qualify for the 2020 Olympics in Tokyo.

The 27-year old Jordanian works 40 hours a week at Generations for Peace, where he trains young people throughout the world to achieve peace making and conflict resolution through sports.

While training builds his physical strength, al-Khawaldeh says fasting develops his mental strength.

"It's a great feeling, the sense that you have that power in your body that you didn't know was there but comes out during Ramadan", he says.

Al-Khawaldeh has built a diverse team of people to support his marathon ambitions. They include a Sudanese trainer, an American running coach and a Jordanian nutritionist. He's been working with this team for the past three years to develop his mental and physical strength.

Hanoia Adam, a Sudanese runner and fitness coach, times al-Khawaldeh's daily runs during Ramadan before iftar. These are shorter, lighter exercises designed for a body already stressed by more than sixteen hours of hunger and thirst.

"Before iftar it's difficult but at the same time great, because about an hour before iftar there's a feeling of power and you're able to do some great work then. Training during Ramadan truly is sweet", Adam says.

Al-Khawaldeh breaks his fast with a meal specially designed to recover nutrition lost during the long day of fasting and the pre-iftar workout.

He generally starts with potassium-rich smoothies of skimmed milk, protein powder, bananas and dates, followed by a light meal of vegetables and lean protein like chicken. This diet replaces glycogen and nutrients lost throughout the day's fasting.

He tracks his meals with the help of Aseel al-Saleh, a nutrition coach who specialises in "precision nutrition" for athletes.

Since starting the new diet of vitamin supplements and meals six months ago, al-Khawaldeh has lost 2.5kg of body fat and gained 0.8kg of muscle.

Al-Saleh helped al-Khawaldeh develop a Ramadan meal plan that fits the needs of an athlete and an observant Muslim.

"The key to improved performance during Ramadan fasting is recovery, repair, sleep and supplementation. When it comes to iftar and suhoor (post-sunset and pre-sunrise meals) focus mostly on good quality carbohydrates, good quality proteins and lots of vegetables", says al-Saleh.

After iftar, al-Khawaldeh sleeps for a few hours and then starts his workout again at midnight. This time the exercise is much harder and longer. A support car follows him with protein shakes and water (he must drink up to 4 litres of water a day) as he races along the highway south of Amman.

LEAD IN:

A 27-year old Jordanian man is training for the Berlin Marathon despite fasting during the Islamic holy month of Ramadan.

Mo'ath al-Khawaldeh also hopes to qualify for the 2020 Olympics in Tokyo with the help of a specially designed diet and exercise program.

STORY-LINE:

Another day on the track for marathon runner Mo'ath al-Khawaldeh.

For 30 days, he's training and eating according to a program he's developed with nutritionists and trainers in the US and Jordan. He's hoping to get his best ever time at the upcoming marathon in Berlin.

But this is no ordinary training schedule - it's taking place during Ramadan, the holy Islamic month in which he is required to fast between the hours of sunrise and sunset.

"It's tough. Once I get to the track I just forget that I'm fasting. Sometimes you cannot forget about it because in the middle of the work out you hit the wall, but you have to keep pushing", he explains.

Mo'ath al-Khawaldeh is pushing himself because he is also hoping to qualify for the 2020 Olympics in Tokyo.

The 27-year old Jordanian works 40 hours a week at Generations for Peace, where he trains young people throughout the world to achieve peace making and conflict resolution through sports.

While training builds his physical strength, al-Khawaldeh says fasting develops his mental strength.

"It's a great feeling, the sense that you have that power in your body that you didn't know was there but comes out during Ramadan", he says.

Al-Khawaldeh has built a diverse team of people to support his marathon ambitions. They include a Sudanese trainer, an American running coach and a Jordanian nutritionist. He's been working with this team for the past three years to develop his mental and physical strength.

Hanoia Adam, a Sudanese runner and fitness coach, times al-Khawaldeh's daily runs during Ramadan before iftar. These are shorter, lighter exercises designed for a body already stressed by more than sixteen hours of hunger and thirst.

"Before iftar it's difficult but at the same time great, because about an hour before iftar there's a feeling of power and you're able to do some great work then. Training during Ramadan truly is sweet", Adam says.

Al-Khawaldeh breaks his fast with a meal specially designed to recover nutrition lost during the long day of fasting and the pre-iftar workout.

He generally starts with potassium-rich smoothies of skimmed milk, protein powder, bananas and dates, followed by a light meal of vegetables and lean protein like chicken. This diet replaces glycogen and nutrients lost throughout the day's fasting.

He tracks his meals with the help of Aseel al-Saleh, a nutrition coach who specialises in "precision nutrition" for athletes.

Since starting the new diet of vitamin supplements and meals six months ago, al-Khawaldeh has lost 2.5kg of body fat and gained 0.8kg of muscle.

Al-Saleh helped al-Khawaldeh develop a Ramadan meal plan that fits the needs of an athlete and an observant Muslim.

"The key to improved performance during Ramadan fasting is recovery, repair, sleep and supplementation. When it comes to iftar and suhoor (post-sunset and pre-sunrise meals) focus mostly on good quality carbohydrates, good quality proteins and lots of vegetables", says al-Saleh.

After iftar, al-Khawaldeh sleeps for a few hours and then starts his workout again at midnight. This time the exercise is much harder and longer. A support car follows him with protein shakes and water (he must drink up to 4 litres of water a day) as he races along the highway south of Amman.

Amman, Jordan - 25 June 2016

1. Various of Mo'ath al-Khawaldeh running around a track in Sports City in Amman in the twilight hour before Iftar

2. SOUNDBITE (English) Moa'th al-Khawaldeh, Jordanian long-distance runner:

"It's tough. Once I get to the track I just forget that I'm fasting. Sometimes you cannot forget about it because in the middle of the work out you hit the wall, but you have to keep pushing."

3. Various of al-Khawaldeh tying shoes, stretching and warming up

4. SOUNDBITE (Arabic) Moa'th al-Khawaldeh, Jordanian long-distance runner:

"Generally fasting is not easy, especially in summer. But thank God I've been fasting since I was little, but now for me there's a new side to fasting and that's training while fasting. In the beginning last year it was a little difficult but thank God we were able to learn what exactly to focus on - what to eat, what to drink, what to eat for suhoor, what to break the fast with after the call to prayer, what to focus on two hours after the prayer - these all help one out and then we are able to train and fast together."

5. Mid of al-Khawaldeh and Hanoia Adam, a Sudanese runner and fitness coach who helps al-Khawaldeh train

6. Wide of al-Khawaldeh and Adam

7. Close of Adam blowing a whistle

8. SOUNDBITE (Arabic) Hanoia Adam, Sudanese runner and fitness coach:

"There are difficulties but you feel after breaking the fast it's even harder. Before iftar it's difficult but at the same time great, because about an hour before iftar there's a feeling of power and you're able to do some great work then. Training during Ramadan truly is sweet."

9. Close of al-Khawaldeh's feet

10. Wide of al-Khawaldeh sprinting

11. Mid of al-Khawaldeh running past

12. SOUNDBITE (Arabic) Moa'th al-Khawaldeh, Jordanian long-distance runner:

"The most beautiful thing is breaking the fast after the call to prayer by drinking water. I don't always know if I will do the exercise or be able finish it, but then you do and break the fast. It's a great feeling, the sense that you have that power in your body that you didn't know was there but comes out during Ramadan."

13. Wide of mosque sounding out the call to prayer, a signal that the day's fasting is over

14. Various of al-Khawaldeh preparing and drinking a smoothie with skimmed milk, dates, banana and almonds

15. Various of al-Khawaldeh eating a meal prescribed by his nutrition coach Aseel al-Saleh

16. Close of al-Khawaldeh tracking his food consumption

AP Television

Amman, Jordan - 28 June 2016

17. Close of sign for office of nutrition company DNA

18. Mid of exterior of DNA office

19. Various of "precision nutrition" certified coach Aseel al-Saleh

20. SOUNDBITE (English) Aseel al-Saleh, nutrition coach:

"The key to improved performance during Ramadan fasting is recovery, repair, sleep and supplementation. When it comes to iftar and suhoor (post-sunset and pre-sunrise meals) focus mostly on good quality carbohydrates, good quality proteins and lots of vegetables. When it comes to suhoor, focus on low-fat and fat-free dairy because it has a type of protein called casein which is the slowest absorbed protein that keeps you sustained for longer hours throughout the next day."

21. Various of al-Khawaldeh training at night after iftar and before suhoor on the highway south of Amman.

SHOTLIST

++PLEASE NOTE - AUDIO AS INCOMING ON SHOTS 4 AND 5++

June 7, 2006

1. Wide shot of former Brazilian World Cup champion Pele walking through Pele Station holding football and waving to cameras

2. Round screen showing archive pictures of Pele as a player

3. Pele talking to fans

4. Wide shot of Pele in press conference

5. SOUNDBITE (English): Pele, former Brazilian World Cup champion:

"I think if I have to repeat everything, you know, I will do everything the same. I am very happy with what God has given to me."

6. Screen showing archive pictures of Pele as a player

7. Pan of video wall

8. Top shot of Mini cars with flags on their roofs parked at Berlin fair

9. Close-up of Mini car with German flag on roof, drivers and cars in background

10. SOUNDBITE (German): Kathrin Petersen, spokeswoman of 'Partner Berlin':

"As Berlinizer you can show everybody, to Berliners or their guests, 'We are happy to have you here and to assist you if you need our help'."

11. Drivers standing next to cars waving

12. Various shots of Mini cars driving away

13. Tilt down from Berlin Schoeneberg town hall to arriving 'Mini' cars

14. Cars passing

15. Wide shot of ambassadors near marquee

16. Ambassador of Costa Rica getting into car

17. SOUNDBITE: (English): Esteban Penrod, Ambassador of Costa Rica:

"It feels great because this means integration in the city but for all the people who live here and I'm very glad this initiative is taking place at this moment precisely."

18. Ambassador of Equador holding model of Mini car

19. SOUNDBITE: (English): Horatio Sevilla, Ambassador of Equador:

"Well, I feel proud to be part of this international city, this cosmopolitan city, as Berlin is, and I'm very grateful to the organisers of that event and Ecuador will receive this with great pleasure."

20. Ambassador of Equador driving away in his Mini

21. Wide shot of Reichstag, German Parliament building

22. Close-up of giant poster of Argentinean football player Juan Roman Riquelme, Reichstag building in background

23. Pan of Interior of Adidas arena

24. Row of seats, poster in background shows World Cup trophy and photo of players

Recent

25. Wide shot of Olympiastadium Berlin, giant beach towel printed with England flag is spread on ground

26. People carrying towel

27. Unveiling towel on the stairs under the Olympic fireplace

28. Various of giant towel spread on steps

STORYLINE:

Brazilian football legend Pele visited Berlin on Wednesday to inaugurate an exhibition dedicated to his footballing career, one of several events taking place in the build up to the opening game of World Cup 2006.

The exhibition, PeleStation - the Legend in Action, contains two 40 metre (43 yard) wide projections of images highlighting Pele's remarkable playing career.

PeleStation was opened in a tunnel of a subway station in Berlin.

Pele's popularity cuts across generations and fans came in large numbers to see the Brazilian.

With football fever at a high, Pele turned nostalgic and told the media he was extremely satisfied with the way his career panned out.

PeleStation was designed and created by a Brazilian company with the close cooperation and support of Pele himself.

Meanwhile, the car manufacturer BMW gave 32 Mini cars to the ambassadors of the countries participating in the World Cup, part of the 'Berlinizer' campaign to promote Germany as a friendly host.

The cars will be driven until July 9 by the ambassadors or by people participating in the 'Berlinizer' campaign.

For the ambassadors who live in Berlin, the handover of the cars was a special moment.

The ceremony took pace in the same place that former US President John F Kennedy once said: "Ich bin ein Berliner" (I'm a Berliner).

Marketing company Partner Berlin launched the campaign to encourage Germans to open up to guests and friends.

To become a 'Berlinizer', visitors have to log on to the Internet and answer some questions about Berlin.

Those who answer correctly win a badge marked with "I'm a Berlinizer please ask me for help".

Organisers hope that visitors to the city can approach those wearing the badges to ask for assistance or help.

Also in Berlin, the popular German sports brand Adidas has built a special arena where fans can experience an atmosphere similar to the city's famous Olympia Stadium.

The massive arena, built next to the spectacular Reichstag - the German Parliament building, will have live screenings of all World Cup games.

The English were also getting involved in publicity events in the run up to the tournament.

A British tabloid newspaper arranged for a giant beach towel, emblazoned with England's St. George cross, to be spread across a stand at the

Olympiastadium in Berlin.

The newspaper says the 7,578 square-foot (704-square-metre) towel is the world's largest, though the Guiness Book of World Records is still in the process of verifying this claim.

A team of ten unfurled the towel to send a message of support to the English World Cup squad.

The publicity stunt plays upon a popular British view that stereotypes German tourists as always seeking to reserve sun loungers with their towels before British holidaymakers can reach them.

Keyword-world cup 2006

LEAD IN:

A German-born long distance runner is to represent Palestine in the marathon event at the Rio Olympics.

Mayada Al-Sayad shows off her medals, her trophies and tells us how she feels about her upcoming adventure.

STORY-LINE:

Sandals are put to one side and the running shoes come on.

The sports watch is set so speed and distance can be assessed.

This is Mayada Al-Sayad.

She's a long distance specialist. And while she is not all-conquering in her home country of Germany, her father's Palestinian nationality has enabled her to qualify for this summer's Olympic Games.

And having broken the qualification standard of 2 hours and 42 minutes for the 26.2 mile (42.2 kilometres) race, she will become the first woman to run the event under the Palestinian flag at an Olympic Games.

She has collected a number of medals during her career, and this year travelled to the West Bank and won the Bethlehem half marathon.

But qualification for the Rio de Janeiro games is her primary achievement.

"Last year in Hamburg I reached the world standard for the Olympic games for Palestine, that is under than 2:42. This means I can now go to Rio for Palestine," she says with obvious delight.

Her time in the April 2015 Hamburg marathon was 2:41:44.

She later improved upon that with a personal best at this year's Dubai Marathon with 2:39:48.

Al-Sayad hopes other women of Arab descent will follow in her many footsteps and also wants to be able to show Palestine in a different light.

"We mostly just hear bad news from there," she says, wearing a T-Shirt with "Palestine" emblazoned across the front.

She was born in Berlin to a German mother and Palestinian father and got her Palestinian passport in 2014.

Al-Sayad's trainer Tobias Singer says her single mindedness and lack of nerves will stand her in good stead for the Olympics.

"Nobody runs 250 kilometres in a week without a reason," he says.

Al-Sayad spends time every summer at her family house in Palestine. But now she's driving back to her German home to see her mother, who is understandably proud.

"She is now the first woman who managed to qualify for Palestine. We all find this great and hope it will go well," her mother says.

Considering the small number of athletes expected to represent the territories this summer, there is a decent chance that Al-Sayad will be the flag bearer at the opening ceremony on 5 August.

"This would also be a huge honour for me," she says.

She's not expecting to win the race in Rio, but she's hoping to improve upon the 50th place at the 2015 World Championships in Bejing.

LEAD IN:

A German-born long distance runner is to represent Palestine in the marathon event at the Rio Olympics.

Mayada Al-Sayad shows off her medals, her trophies and tells us how she feels about her upcoming adventure.

STORY-LINE:

Sandals are put to one side and the running shoes come on.

The sports watch is set so speed and distance can be assessed.

This is Mayada Al-Sayad.

She's a long distance specialist. And while she is not all-conquering in her home country of Germany, her father's Palestinian nationality has enabled her to qualify for this summer's Olympic Games.

And having broken the qualification standard of 2 hours and 42 minutes for the 26.2 mile (42.2 kilometres) race, she will become the first woman to run the event under the Palestinian flag at an Olympic Games.

She has collected a number of medals during her career, and this year travelled to the West Bank and won the Bethlehem half marathon.

But qualification for the Rio de Janeiro games is her primary achievement.

"Last year in Hamburg I reached the world standard for the Olympic games for Palestine, that is under than 2:42. This means I can now go to Rio for Palestine," she says with obvious delight.

Her time in the April 2015 Hamburg marathon was 2:41:44.

She later improved upon that with a personal best at this year's Dubai Marathon with 2:39:48.

Al-Sayad hopes other women of Arab descent will follow in her many footsteps and also wants to be able to show Palestine in a different light.

"We mostly just hear bad news from there," she says, wearing a T-Shirt with "Palestine" emblazoned across the front.

She was born in Berlin to a German mother and Palestinian father and got her Palestinian passport in 2014.

Al-Sayad's trainer Tobias Singer says her single mindedness and lack of nerves will stand her in good stead for the Olympics.

"Nobody runs 250 kilometres in a week without a reason," he says.

Al-Sayad spends time every summer at her family house in Palestine. But now she's driving back to her German home to see her mother, who is understandably proud.

"She is now the first woman who managed to qualify for Palestine. We all find this great and hope it will go well," her mother says.

Considering the small number of athletes expected to represent the territories this summer, there is a decent chance that Al-Sayad will be the flag bearer at the opening ceremony on 5 August.

"This would also be a huge honour for me," she says.

She's not expecting to win the race in Rio, but she's hoping to improve upon the 50th place at the 2015 World Championships in Bejing.

AP TELEVISION

Berlin - 11 May 2016

1. Mid of Mayada Al-Sayad putting on her running shoes

2. Al-Sayad putting on her smartwatch

3. Various of Al-Sayad stretching

4. Various of Al-Sayad running

5. Al-Sayad with her medals

6. Close of medals

7. Close of winner's trophy from Bethlehem half marathon

8. SOUNDBITE (German) Mayada Al-Sayad, running marathon for Palestine in Rio:

"Last year in Hamburg I reached the world standard for the Olympic games for Palestine, that is under than 2:42. This means I can now go to Rio for Palestine."

9. Al-Sayad running towards camera

10. SOUNDBITE (German) Mayada Al-Sayad, running Marathon for Palestine in Rio:

"I am trying to show that more Arab women should do sports, because they could do it the same as me - if they really want to and are motivated and train enough. Also I want to show Palestine in good light, because we mostly just hear bad news from there."

11. Wide of Al-Sayad training on track

Berlin - 12 May 2016

12. SOUNDBITE (German) Tobias Singer, Trainer

"Maya does not think much about other runners and the competition around her. She does it primarily for herself and this really helps her, even though she's probably not really aware of it."

Berlin - 11 May 2016

13. Wide of Al-Sayad running on track

Berlin - 12 May 2016

14. SOUNDBITE (German) Tobias Singer, Trainer:

"Nobody runs 250 kilometres in a week without a reason - there is goal behind it: to bring new personal bests and represent Palestine as well as possible."

Berlin - 11 May 2016

15. Wide of Al-Sayad running

16. Close of Al-Sayad driving

17. Wide of Mayada Al-Sayad and her mother

18. SOUNDBITE (German) Anjte Al-Sayad, mother:

"Her father is from Palestine and this small country does not have many athletes. And they only had one athlete that managed international qualification so far. But she is now the first woman who managed to qualify for Palestine. We all find this great and hope it will go well."

19. Close of Al-Sayad's Palestinian passport

20. SOUNDBITE Mayada Al-Sayad (German)

"There is also a small chance that I will be the flag bearer at the opening ceremony of Olympic Games in Rio on 5 August. This would also be a huge honour for me."

21. Close of pictures on her wall

22. Detail of pictures and newspaper article entitled (German) "Thumbs up for Maya"

23. Close of Al-Sayad looking herself in the mirror

24. Wide of her leaving the room

25. Wide of her closing the door to house

26. Wide of her leaving the house

27. Wide pan of her running outside

SHOTLIST:

1. Exterior of brothel "Artemis"

2. Sign "Artemis"

3. Pan interior of pool in "Artemis" brothel

4. Pan brothel lounge

5. Bar with champagne

6. Medium shot couch

7. SOUNDBITE: (German) Eike Wilmans, Artemis spokesman:

"We are looking forward to the World Cup and we are prepared and relaxed. We expect more guests to come and of course we will have more prostitutes working here during World Cup."

8. Pan picture to bed

9. SOUNDBITE (German) Coco, sex worker:

"We are looking forward to the World Cup and we hope that many more men will come here than they do right now. It will be a lot of stress, but that's what we like."

10. Brunhilde Raiser, head of National council of German women's organisation with colleagues

11. Campaign whistles

12. SOUNDBITE: (German) Brunhilde Raiser, head of National council of German women's organisation:

"We want to point out that forced prostitution exists and it is a heavy violation of human rights. We have to fight against it and to stop it if possible. That's why we have very clear demands to politicians and the people in charge, which we have to follow up in detail after the World Cup."

13. Zoom in banner of campaign "stop forced prostitution," pull focus

STORYLINE:

As soccer's best players prepare to square off this summer at the World Cup, businesses across Germany are anticipating a huge windfall with the arrival of an estimated 1 (m) million fans from around the world.

The sex industry is no exception, and just down the street from Berlin's Olympic Stadium, which hosts the final, stands the city's largest brothel.

Artemis, which cost 8.2 (m) million dollars to build was established in September with an eye on capitalising on the influx of World Cup visitors.

The four storey, 40-bedroom bordello is decorated with fake animal prints and velvet on beds, walls and furniture, as well as Greek and Roman statues under North African style arches.

The establishment has been averaging 130 visitors a day, many from the nearby convention centre, and was planning to blitz the Olympic Stadium and Berlin hotels with leaflets during the World Cup.

Eike Wilmans, PR Manager of the "Artemis," said he expected demand to increase during the World Cup.

Prostitution is legal in Germany, with about 400,000 people registered in the trade - the women who work in Artemis pay taxes and receive social benefits like people in any other job.

However, the anticipated World Cup sex-trade boom has raised fears of an increase in forced prostitution - an estimated 40,000 women from poorer Eastern European countries were expected to be heading to Germany for the World Cup, some against their will.

Already, the European Union estimates more than 100,000 women in Europe each year are forced into prostitution.

A Berlin women's group has started an information campaign against forced prostitution to coincide with the World Cup, endorsed by German Soccer Federation President Theo Zwanziger.

Brunhilde Raiser, head of National council of German women's organisation, said forced prostitution was a violation of human rights.

"We have to fight against it and to stop it if possible. That's why we have very clear demands to politicians and the people in charge, which we have to follow up in detail after the World Cup."

Police in Berlin have said they are planning raids to uncover illegal prostitution rings during the World Cup.

SHOTLIST:

1. Pan interior of pool in "Artemis" brothel

2. Pan of entrance hall

3. Pan brothel lounge

4. Bar with champagne

5. Medium shot couch

6. Bar

7. SOUNDBITE: (German) Eike Wilmans, Artemis spokesman:

"We are looking forward to the World Cup and we are prepared and relaxed. We expect more guests to come and of course we will have more prostitutes working here during World Cup. We want to fulfil the guests' wishes and therefore we also offer our guests to watch the play's live here."

8. Zoom out lamp to bed

9. Pan picture to bed

10. SOUNDBITE: (German) Coco, sex worker:

"We are looking forward to the World Cup and we hope that many more men will come here than they do right now. It will be a lot of stress, but that's what we like."

11. Sign: (English) "Artemis"

12. Exterior of brothel "Artemis"

13. Brunhilde Raiser, head of National council of German women's organisation with colleagues

14. Pan whistles

15. SOUNDBITE: (German) Brunhilde Raiser, head of National council of German women's organisation:

"We want to point out that forced prostitution exists and it is a heavy violation of human rights. We have to fight against it and to stop it if possible. That's why we have very clear demands to politicians and the people in charge, which we have to follow up in detail after the World Cup."

16. Zoom in banner of campaign "stop forced prostitution," pull focus

STORYLINE:

As soccer's best players prepare to square off this summer at the World Cup, businesses across Germany are anticipating a huge windfall with the arrival of an estimated 1 (m) million fans from around the world.

The sex industry is no exception, and just down the street from Berlin's Olympic Stadium, which hosts the final, stands the city's largest brothel.

Artemis, which cost 8.2 (m) million dollars to build was established in September with an eye on capitalising on the influx of World Cup visitors.

The four storey, 40-bedroom bordello is decorated with fake animal prints and velvet on beds, walls and furniture, as well as Greek and Roman statues under North African style arches.

The establishment has been averaging 130 visitors a day, many from the nearby convention centre, and was planning to blitz the Olympic Stadium and Berlin hotels with leaflets during the World Cup.

Eike Wilmans, PR Manager of the "Artemis," said he expected demand to increase during the World Cup.

Prostitution is legal in Germany, with about 400,000 people registered in the trade - the women who work in Artemis pay taxes and receive social benefits like people in any other job.

However, the anticipated World Cup sex-trade boom has raised fears of an increase in forced prostitution - an estimated 40,000 women from poorer Eastern European countries were expected to be heading to Germany for the World Cup, some against their will.

Already, the European Union estimates more than 100,000 women in Europe each year are forced into prostitution.

A Berlin women's group has started an information campaign against forced prostitution to coincide with the World Cup, endorsed by German Soccer Federation President Theo Zwanziger.

Brunhilde Raiser, head of National council of German women's organisation, said forced prostitution was a violation of human rights.

"We have to fight against it and to stop it if possible. That's why we have very clear demands to politicians and the people in charge, which we have to follow up in detail after the World Cup."

Police in Berlin have said they are planning raids to uncover illegal prostitution rings during the World Cup.

SHOTLIST:

1. Wide pan of coordination centre of Interior Ministry

2. Medium shot of military official

3. Screens on wall

4. Military officials looking at computer screen

5. Red light on ceiling, pull out to wide of room

6. SOUNDBITE (German) Christian Sachs, Interior Ministry spokesman:

"We Germans do not have to look as far as Warsaw or Basel, we have seen here in Berlin that there are problems, and that is very aggravating. For the World Cup though, we have to say that we expect to have a very secure situation in the stadiums through the personalisation (labelling with names of owners) of tickets."

7. Cutaway coordination centre

8. SOUNDBITE (German) Christian Sachs, Interior Ministry spokesman:

"Video surveillance, fencing, entry control are all segments that must be implemented there. Until now, the signs have been positive that the federal state police forces and communities plan to do so. We expect the fans to react in a certain way, namely to isolate potential violent people, and on the other hand, we have to make sure that there is a way to punish those who want to cause trouble."

9. Low shot of coordination centre

STORYLINE

The German Interior Ministry has expressed confidence that the security measures taken for the World Cup in Germany will prevent scenes of football violence similar to those seen in Warsaw, Basel and Berlin over the weekend.

Interior Ministry spokesman Christian Sachs spoke to AP Television News at the opening of the Interior Ministry's National Information and Coordination Centre (NICC) on Tuesday.

"We expect to have a very secure situation in the stadiums," Sachs said.

The NICC will be operational 24 hours a day, and is designed to facilitate the exchange of security-related information between various organisations and government bodies.

While Sachs showed concern about the escalation of violence in various cities, he said the personalisation, or printing of the rightful owner's name, on tickets would guarantee security.

Sachs appealed to the local authorities to implement security measures suggested by the federal government for the so called "Public Viewing" areas.

The police union has repeatedly expressed concern about some 300 such locations where safety measures are regulated by the local authorities.

Worry surrounding security at the World Cup has grown after scores of police and rioters were injured during clashes between police and violent football fans in Basel and Warsaw over the weekend, and a third league match had to be interrupted after clashes between fans broke out in Berlin.

Sachs also appealed to the football fans themselves: "We expect the fans to react in a certain way, namely to isolate potential violent people."

SHOTLIST

1. Tilt of painting on wall featuring members of Brazilian football team

2. Brandenburg gate, with massive football sculpture in foreground

3. Brazilian fans holding a banner

4. SOUNDBITE (English) Brazilian fans, voxpops (No names given):

Woman (not in shot): "It is just formality..."

Man: "To do, to play it, but we will win today."

Woman: "But it is nice to play against them because they really want to win so it will be a nice match to see."

5. Two Brazilian fans and one Croatian fan walking away together, pan to massive Brandenburg gate football

6. Various of Croatian fans singing

7. Various of Brazilian fans singing

8. SOUNDBITE (English) Croatian fans, voxpops (No names given):

"Last game was nil-nil I think so this is the time to beat them I think."

(Reporter: "You really think you have a chance?")

"Yes we have a chance, this is football, you never know."

9. Various Brazilian fans singing and playing guitar

10. Various of Brazilian supporters playing samba music outside the Kempinski hotel (place where the Brazilian team is staying)

12. SOUNDBITE (English) Croatian fan, voxpop (No name given):

"You can imagine if a nation of four (m) million people like Croatia wins against Brazil. It would be one week of holiday celebration in Croatia."

13. Croatian supporters and Brazilian supporters walking past each other

14. Dog wearing Brazilian shirt

15. Brazilian girls chanting and jumping

STORYLINE

The mood was festive and colourful on Tuesday morning as Brazilian and Croatian fans gathered in the German capital, Berlin, ahead of their teams' World Cup Group F clash later in the day.

Brazil are five-time champions and heavy favourites to win a record sixth world championship.

The Croats, third in the 1998 World Cup in France, have admitted a draw would be called heroic.

The match, scheduled for 9 p.m. local time (1900 GMT), is the first in the tournament to be played at the Olympiastadion.

A big screen has been set up at the Brandenburg gate for those fans not lucky enough to get tickets for the game.

Early on Tuesday morning fans of both teams wrapped in their nations' flags sang and danced in the sun while waiting for the game to start.

A Croatian fan said he thought his team stood a chance against the current champions, whilst Brazilian supporters appeared more certain, almost arrogant, about success.

"This is a formality," said one Brazilian fan.

Brazil's coach, however, has said he expects Group F to be decided only in the final round of games.

Australia, Brazil's next opponent on Sunday, beat Japan 3-1 on Monday in their group opener.

Brazil and Croatia have drawn the only two times they have played, including 1-1 in a friendly last year.

Both sides will be at full strength for Tuesday's match at the Olympiastadion.

Outside the Kempinski hotel where the Brazilian team is staying in central Berlin, around 40 Brazilian supporters were waiting and playing samba rhythms, hoping to catch a glimpse of their heroes.

Keyword-world cup 2006

SHOTLIST:

1. Tilt of painting on wall featuring members of Brazilian football team

2. Brandenburg gate, with massive football sculpture in foreground

3. Brazilian fans holding a banner

4. SOUNDBITE, (English) Brazilian fans:

Woman (not in shot): "It is just formality..."

Man: "To do, to play it, but we will win today"

Woman: "But it is nice to play against them because they really want to win so it will be a nice match to see."

5. Two Brazilian fans and one Croatian fan walking away together, pan to massive Brandenburg gate football

6. Various of Croatian fans singing

7. Various of Brazilian fans singing

8. SOUNDBITE (English) Croatian fans:

"Last game was nil-nil I think so this is the time to beat them I think."

(Reporter: "You really think you have a chance?")

"Yes we have a chance, this is football, you never know."

9. Various Brazilian fans singing and playing guitar

STORYLINE

The mood was festive and colourful on Tuesday morning as Brazilian and Croatian fans gathered in the German capital, Berlin, ahead of their teams' World Cup Group F clash later in the day.

Brazil are five-time champions and heavy favourites to win a record sixth world championship.

The Croats, third in the 1998 World Cup in France, have admitted a draw would be called heroic.

The match, scheduled for 9pm (19:00 GMT), is the first in the tournament to be played at the Olympia stadium.

A big screen has been set up at the Brandenburg gate for those fans not lucky enough to get tickets for the game .

Early on Tuesday morning fans of both teams wrapped in their nations' flags sang and danced in the sun while waiting for the game to start.

A Croatian fan said he thought his team stood a chance against the current champions, whilst Brazilian supporters appeared more optimistic about success.

"This is a formality," said one Brazilian fan.

Brazil's coach has said he expects Group F to be decided only in the final round.

Australia, Brazil's next opponent on Sunday, beat Japan 3-1 on Monday in their debut in the group.

Brazil and Croatia drew the only two times they played, including 1-1 in a friendly last year.

Both sides will be at full strength for Tuesday's match at the Olympiastadion.

Keyword-world cup 2006

SHOTLIST:

4:3 Anti-apartheid icon and former president Nelson Mandela has died

921113

AP TELEVISION

Qunu, Transkei, South Africa - 25 December 1995

++4:3++

1. Mandela . Close up of his finger pointing at a picture of him as a young man

++MUTE ++

BLACK AND WHITE

South Africa, 1960s - precise dates and locations unknown

++4:3++

2.1964 Rivonia trial of Nelson Mandela and seven ANC members ++please note contains a freeze frame++

Paarl, South Africa - 11 February 1990

++4:3++

3. Mandela raises clenched fist as he walks with Winnie Madikizela-Mandela

4:3 Anti-apartheid icon and former president Nelson Mandela has died

921114

AP TELEVISION

Soweto - 13 February 1990

++4:3++

4. Nelson Mandela singing national anthem with Walter Sisulu - clenched fist

Ulazi - 27 April 1994

++4:3++

5. Mandela putting ballot in box to cheers

Pretoria - 5 May 1994

++4:3++

6. Mid-shot Mandela takes oath of office

Hearse carrying Mandela's casket leaves military hospital en route to Union Buildings

922058

AP TELEVISION

Pretoria - 12 Dec 2013

7. Various of Mandela supporters singing and dancing outside military hospital

AP cover of ANC's farewell ceremony for Mandela; comments from Jesse Jackson

922414

AP TELEVISION

Pretoria - 14 Dec 2013

8. Wide interior of African National Congress (ANC) farewell ceremony for Nelson Mandela (++Audio glitch as incoming++)

9. Officials seated for ceremony including South African President Jacob Zuma, former South African President Thabo Mbeki, American Reverend and civil rights leader Jesse Jackson, Mandela's widow Graca Machel and former wife Winnie Madikizela-Mandela

Cortege carries Nelson Mandela's coffin from airport en route to burial ground

922430

AP TELEVISION

Mthatha - 14 Dec 2013

10. Wide pan as black Mercedes bearing Nelson Mandela's casket drives away from the airport

11. CS Mercedes enters town of Mthatha and crowd cheers loudly

Flame extinguished at Mandela museum, family friend on funeral service

922572

AP TELEVISION

Qunu - 15 Dec 2013

12. eternal flame at Nelson Mandela museum in Qunu being slowly extinguished as Mandela was being buried

13. Wide of funeral tent in distance , buses parked nearby

Mourners leave tributes outside Mandela's Houghton home as nation says farewell

922504

AP TELEVISION

Johannesburg - 15 Dec 2013

14. Pan right of flowers and tributes laid outside former South African President Nelson Mandela's home

15. Mid of women posing with portrait of Mandela

Mandela ceremony interpreter called a 'fake'

922004

AP TELEVISION

Soweto, South Africa - 10 December

16. Wide of FNB stadium interior during Nelson Mandela's memorial service

17. Mid of African National Congress deputy president Cyril Ramaphosa on stage during with sign language interpreter UPSOUND (English): "Former president FW de Klerk, leaders and excellencies of various countries who have come to South Africa, Mrs Graca Machel."

STORYLINE:

Nelson Mandela, who became one of the world's most beloved statesmen and a colossus of the 20th century when he emerged from 27 years in prison to negotiate an end to white minority rule in South Africa, died on Thursday, December 5th 2013. He was 95.

South African President Jacob Zuma made the announcement at a news conference late on December 5th, saying "we've lost our greatest son."

South Africa's first black president spent nearly one-third of his life as a prisoner of apartheid, the system of white racist rule that he described as evil, yet he sought to win over its defeated guardians in a relatively peaceful transition of power that inspired the world.

It was this generosity of spirit that made Mandela a global symbol of sacrifice and reconciliation in a world often jarred by conflict and division.

Mandela's stature as a fighter against white oppression and seeker of peace with his enemies was on a par with that of other men he admired: American civil rights activist Martin Luther King Jr. and Indian independence leader Mohandas K. Gandhi, both of whom were assassinated while actively engaged in their callings.

Mandela's death deprived the world of one of one of the great figures of modern history and set the stage for days of mourning and reflection about a colossus of the 20th century who projected astonishing grace, resolve and good humour.

At times, Mandela embraced his iconic status, appearing before a rapturous crowd in London's Wembley Stadium soon after his 1990 release from jail.

Sometimes, he sought to downplay it, uneasy about the perils of being put on a pedestal. In an unpublished manuscript, written while in prison, Mandela acknowledged that leaders of the anti-apartheid movement dominated the spotlight but said they were "only part of the story," and every activist was "like a brick which makes up our organisation."

He pondered the cost to his family of his dedication to the fight against the racist system of government that jailed him for 27 years and refused him permission to attend the funeral of his mother and of a son who was killed in a car crash.

In court, he described himself as "the loneliest man" during his mid-1990s divorce from Winnie Mandela.

As president, he could not forge lasting solutions to poverty, unemployment and other social ills that still plague today's South Africa, which has struggled to live up to its rosy depiction as the "Rainbow Nation."

He secured near-mythical status in his country and beyond. Last year, the South African central bank released new banknotes showing his face, a robust, smiling image of a man who was meticulous about his appearance and routinely exercised while in prison.

South Africa erected statues of him and named buildings and other places after him. He shared the 1993 Nobel Peace Prize with F. W. de Klerk, the country's last white president.

He was the subject of books, films and songs and a magnet for celebrities. In 2010, Mandela waved to the crowd at the Soccer City stadium at the closing ceremony of the World Cup, whose staging in South Africa allowed the country, and the continent, to shine internationally.

It was the last public appearance for the former president and prisoner, who smiled broadly and was bundled up against the cold.

One of the most memorable of his gestures toward racial harmony was the day in 1995 when he strode onto the field before the Rugby World Cup final in Johannesburg, and then again after the game, when he congratulated the home team for its victory over a tough New Zealand team.

Mandela was wearing South African colours and the overwhelmingly white crowd of 63,000 was on its feet, chanting "Nelson! Nelson! Nelson!"

It was typical of Mandela to march headlong into a bastion of white Afrikanerdom - in this case the temple of South African rugby - and make its followers feel they belonged in the new South Africa.

The moment was portrayed in "Invictus," Clint Eastwood's movie telling the story of South Africa's transformation through the prism of sport.

It was a moment half a century in the making. In the 1950s, Mandela sought universal rights through peaceful means but was sentenced to life imprisonment in 1964 for leading a campaign of sabotage against the government.

The speech he gave during that trial outlined his vision and resolve.

"During my lifetime I have dedicated myself to this struggle of the African people," Mandela said. "I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination.

I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve.

But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die." He was confined to the harsh Robben Island prison near Cape Town for most

of his time behind bars, then moved to jails on the mainland.

It was forbidden to quote him or publish his photo, yet he and other jailed members of his banned African National Congress were able to smuggle out messages of guidance to the anti-apartheid movement, and in the final stages of his confinement, he negotiated secretly with the apartheid leaders who recognised change was inevitable.

Thousands died, or were tortured or imprisoned in the decades-long struggle against apartheid, which deprived the black majority of the vote, the right to choose where to live and travel, and other basic freedoms.

So when inmate No. 46664 went free after 27 years, walking hand-in-hand with his wife Winnie out of a prison on the South African mainland, people worldwide rejoiced.

Mandela raised his right fist in triumph, and in his autobiography, "Long Walk to Freedom," he would write: "As I finally walked through those gates ... I felt - even at the age of seventy-one - that my life was beginning anew."

Mandela's release, rivaled the fall of the Berlin Wall just a few months earlier as a symbol of humanity's yearning for freedom, and his graying hair, raspy voice and colourful shirts made him a globally known figure.

Life, however, imposed new challenges on Mandela.

South Africa's white rulers had portrayed him as the spearhead of a communist revolution and insisted that black majority rule would usher in bloody chaos.

Thousands died in factional fighting in the runup to democratic elections in 1994, and Mandela accused the government of collusion in the

bloodshed.

But voting day, when long lines of voters waited patiently to cast ballots, passed peacefully, as did Mandela's inauguration as president.

"Never, never and never again shall it be that this beautiful land will again experience the oppression of one by another and suffer the indignity of being the skunk of the world," the new president said. "Let freedom reign. The sun shall never set on so glorious a human achievement! God bless Africa! Thank you."

Mandela also stood hand on heart, saluted by white generals as he sang along to two anthems now one: the apartheid-era Afrikaans "Die Stem," ("The Voice") and the African "Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika" ("Lord Bless Africa").

Since apartheid ended, South Africa has held four parliamentary elections and elected three presidents, always peacefully, setting an example on a continent where democracy is still new and fragile.

However, corruption scandals and other missteps under the ruling African National Congress, the liberation group once led by Mandela, have undercut some of the early promise.

President Jacob Zuma periodically observes that the South African white minority is far wealthier than the black majority, an imbalance that he regards as a vestige of the apartheid system that bestowed most economic benefits on whites.

When Mandela came to power, black South Africans anticipated quick fixes after being denied proper housing, schools and health care under apartheid.

The new government, however, embraced free-market policies to keep white-dominated big business on its side and attract foreign investment.

The policy averted the kind of economic deterioration that occurred in Zimbabwe after independence; South Africa, though, has one of the world's biggest gaps between rich and poor.

Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was born July 18, 1918, the son of a tribal chief in Transkei, a Xhosa homeland that later became one of the "Bantustans" set up as independent republics by the apartheid regime to cement the separation of whites and blacks.

Mandela's royal upbringing gave him a regal bearing that became his hallmark. Many South Africans of all races would later call him by his clan name, Madiba, as a token of affection and respect.

Growing up at a time when virtually all of Africa was under European colonial rule, Mandela attended Methodist schools before being admitted to the black University of Fort Hare in 1938.

He was expelled two years later for his role in a student strike.

He moved to Johannesburg and worked as a policeman at a gold mine, boxed as an amateur heavyweight and studied law.

His first wife, nurse Evelyn Mase, bore him four children. A daughter died in infancy, a son was killed in a car crash in 1970 and another son died of AIDS in 2005. The couple divorced in 1957 and Evelyn died in 2004.

Mandela began his rise through the anti-apartheid movement in 1944, when he helped form the ANC Youth League.

He organised a campaign in 1952 to encourage defiance of laws that segregated schools, marriage, housing and job opportunities. The government retaliated by barring him from attending gatherings and leaving Johannesburg, the first of many "banning" orders he was to endure.

After a two-day nationwide strike was crushed by police, he and a small group of ANC colleagues decided on military action and Mandela pushed to form the movement's guerrilla wing, Umkhonto we Sizwe, or Spear of the Nation.

He was arrested in 1962 and sentenced to five years' hard labour for leaving the country illegally and inciting blacks to strike.

A year later, police uncovered the ANC's underground headquarters on a farm near Johannesburg and seized documents outlining plans for a guerrilla campaign.

At a time when African colonies were one by one becoming independent states, Mandela and seven co-defendants were sentenced to life in prison.

The ANC's armed wing was later involved in a series of high-profile bombings that killed civilians, and many in the white minority viewed the imprisoned Mandela as a terrorist. The apartheid government, meanwhile, was denounced globally for its campaign of beatings, assassinations and other violent attacks on opponents.

Even in numbing confinement, Mandela sought to flourish.

"Incidentally, you may find that the cell is an ideal place to learn to know yourself, to search realistically and regularly the process of your own mind and feelings," he wrote in 1975 to Winnie Mandela, a prominent activist in her own right who was in a separate jail at that time.

Mandela turned down conditional offers of freedom during his decades in prison. In 1989, P.W. Botha, South Africa's hard-line president, was replaced by de Klerk, who recognised apartheid's end was near. Mandela continued, even in his last weeks in prison, to advocate nationalising banks, mines and monopoly industries - a stance that frightened the white business community.

But talks were already underway, with Mandela being spirited out of prison to meet white government leaders. After his release, he took charge of the ANC, and was elected president in a landslide in South Africa's first all-race election.

Perceived successes during Mandela's tenure include the introduction of a constitution with robust protections for individual rights, and the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, which he established with his fellow Nobelist, Archbishop Desmond Tutu.

It allowed human rights offenders of all races to admit their crimes publicly in return for lenient treatment. Though not regarded as wholly successful, it proved to be a kind of national therapy that would become a model for other countries emerging from prolonged strife.

Despite his saintly image, Mandela was sometimes a harsh critic. When black journalists mildly criticised his government, he painted them as stooges of the whites who owned the media. Some whites with complaints were dismissed as pining for their old privileges.

In the buildup to the Iraq War, Mandela harshly rebuked President George W. Bush. "Why is the United States behaving so arrogantly?" he asked in a speech. "All that (Bush) wants is Iraqi oil."

He suggested Bush and then British Prime Minister Tony Blair were racists, and claimed America, "which has committed unspeakable atrocities in the world," had no moral standing.

Until Bush repealed the order in 2008, Mandela could not visit the U.S. without the secretary of state certifying that he was not a terrorist.

To critics of his closeness to Fidel Castro and Moammar Gadhafi despite human rights violations in the countries they ruled, Mandela explained that he wouldn't forsake supporters of the anti-apartheid struggle.

To the disappointment of many South Africans, he increasingly left the governing to Deputy President Thabo Mbeki, who won the next presidential election and took over when Mandela's term ended in 1999.

"I must step down while there are one or two people who admire me," Mandela joked at the time. When he retired, he said he was going to stand on a street with a sign that said: "Unemployed, no job. New wife and large family to support."

His marriage to Winnie had fallen apart after his release and he married Graca Machel, the widowed, former first lady of neighbouring Mozambique.

With apartheid vanquished, Mandela turned to peacemaking efforts in other parts of Africa and the world and eventually to fighting AIDS, publicly acknowledging that his own son, Makgatho, had died of the disease.

Mandela's final years were marked by frequent hospitalisations as he struggled with respiratory problems that had bothered him since he contracted tuberculosis in prison.

He stayed in his rural home in Qunu in Eastern Cape province, where Hillary Clinton, then U.S. secretary of state, visited him in 2012, but then moved full-time to his home in Johannesburg so he could be close to medical care in Pretoria, the capital.

He is survived by Machel; his daughter Makaziwe by his first marriage, and daughters Zindzi and Zenani by his second.

***

Nelson Mandela's casket was transported on December 12th from the military hospital in Pretoria to the Union Buildings, where it will lie in state for a second day.

Thousands queued on December 11th to pay their last respects to the anti-apartheid icon, who died last December 5th, aged 95.

Huge crowds were also expected to turn out on December 12th to bid farewell to the man many affectionately call by his clan name Madiba.

Mandela's body will also lie in state for a last day on December 13th.

On December 14th, Mandela's body will be flown to Qunu, his childhood home in the Eastern Cape Province.

He will be buried there on December 15th.

***

South Africa's governing political party held a farewell ceremony at an airbase in Pretoria on December 14th for Nelson Mandela before his casket was flown to Mthatha near his rural hometown of Qunu.

In a solemn ceremony broadcast live on South African television, the military handed Mandela's flag-draped coffin over to the African National Congress (ANC) - the liberation movement-turned ruling party that Mandela once headed.

The proceedings included a multi-faith service and speeches from two of Mandela's grandsons who thanked the ANC for honouring him after his death last week at the age of 95.

US civil rights leader Jesse Jackson was seated inside alongside Mandela's widow, Graca Machel, South African president Jacob Zuma and former South African President Thabo Mbeki.

Jackson described it as a "painful celebration" but said Mandela's accomplishments, philosophy and spirit would live on.

Having bid farewell to Mandela while he was lying in state in Pretoria, Jackson said that seeing white people line up for hours to see Mandela's body and cry demonstrated a "healing process in motion."

Jackson was flying to Qunu to attend the funeral. So, too, was ANC Youth League President Mzwandile Masina.

For Masina, the ANC must emulate Mandela and live by his ideals particularly to overcome the hard economic times the country is enduring.

Retired Major General Keith Mokoape is a former Chief of Military of the MK, the ANC's armed military unit that was co-founded by Mandela.

He lived for years in exile in Zambia during the worst of the Apartheid years while fighting to overthrow white rule in South Africa.

Now he is celebrating the life of Mandela saying that the nation is left with a heavy legacy "attempting to fit into his very, very big shoes."

Mandela's flag-draped coffin was accompanied by a military honour guard as it was slowly transferred onto a military plane for transport to the Eastern Cape.

It is expected to arrive at Mthatha on December 14th, greeted by a full military ceremony, before being taken by motorcade to Qunu.

***

Soldiers saluted and crowds cheered loudly as a hearse bearing the body of Nelson Mandela drove from a small airport in the Eastern Cape towards his home village on December 14th.

Crowds lined the streets of Mthatha to view the cortege as it made its way to Qunu where the anti-apartheid icon will be buried on December 15th.

Mandela had longed to spend his final months in his beloved rural village but instead he had spent them in a hospital in Pretoria and then in his home in Johannesburg where he had remained in critical condition, suffering from lung problems and other ailments, until his death on December 5th.

Mandela had been imprisoned for 27 years for opposing racist apartheid and emerged in 1990 to forge a new democratic South Africa by promoting forgiveness and reconciliation.

He became president in 1994 after South Africa's first all-race democratic elections.

***

Bayanda Nyengule, the head of the Nelson Mandela Museum in Qunu, said on December 15th that the sight of Mandela's coffin being lowered into the ground hit him hard.

Nyengule was was one of those who attended the private burial in Qunu, the rural village in eastern South Africa that was Mandela's childhood home.

"I realised that the old man is no more, no more with us," Nyengule said.

As mourners began to leave after the funeral, a friend of the Mandela family who had been present at the service said she was also struck by the sight of the casket being lowered into the earth.

"The whole week, we've been celebrating his life but today after that speech from Kathrada and just watching that coffin going down, being lowered into the ground, was... I don't know, that's when reality sort of hit that he's really gone," said Thato Pekeche.

South African television showed Mandela's casket at the family gravesite, but the broadcast went to a different scene just before the coffin was lowered at the request of the Mandela family.

It was South Africa's final goodbye to the man who reconciled the country in its most volatile period.

Earlier, more than 4,000 gathered for a funeral service in a huge tent at the family compound.

***

Mourners left tributes on December 15th outside the family home of Nelson Mandela in the Houghton neighbourhood of Johannesburg, as the funeral service for the late anti-apartheid leader was being held in his birth village of Qunu, a rural village in the Eastern Cape province.

The burial at a family grave site on the estate in Qunu will end 10 days of mourning ceremonies that included a massive stadium memorial in Johannesburg and three days during which Mandela's body lay in state in the capital, Pretoria.

Outside his Houghton family home, people laid flowers, lit candles and left messages of tribute to honour the anti-apartheid leader.

"We have been through a slight phase of euphoria celebrating Madiba's life," said Adale Gluckman, one mourner outside Mandela's family home, referring to the past days of celebration for Mandela.

"But today is a day for reflection, a day for togetherness, and a day for... well it's a beautiful day so any beautiful thoughts and beautiful memories," Gluckman added.

Mandela's casket arrived at the family compound from the capital on Saturday. It was accompanied by an enormous convoy of police, military and other vehicles.

***

The man who appeared to provide sign language interpretation on stage for Nelson Mandela's memorial service on December 12th was a "fake" according to the Deaf Federation of South Africa.

The unidentified man seen on televisions around the world next to leaders including United States President Barack Obama "didn't sign anything, he just did these funny movements," said Ingrid Parkin, principal of the St. Vincent School for the Deaf in Johannesburg,

She said she received complaints about it from the deaf community from around the world.

Watching Cyril Ramaphosa's speech again on December 11th, Parkin explained what the sign language should have looked like.

According to Parkin the man on stage wasn't a qualified sign language interpreter:

"It's absolutely impossible that he is any kind of interpreter or a language person at all, because he's not even using a language there."

Rumours spread that the interpreter used a different African language while interpreting, but the Deaf Federation of South Africa said that is impossible.

"In South Africa we have many deaf people. And we know that there are many deaf people who maybe use different signs. But there's no sign language for Afrikaans or for Zulu, or Xhosa or for Sotho or Ndebele, when we all come together we use one South African sign language," said the Federation's national director Bruno Druchen.

The man also did sign interpretation at an event last year that was attended by South African President Jacob Zuma, Druchen said.

At that appearance, a deaf person in the audience videotaped the event and gave it to the federation for the deaf, which analysed the video, prepared a report

about it and a submitted a formal complaint to the governing African National Congress (ANC) party, Druchen said.

He said that the ANC never responded and a fresh complaint will now be filed to the ANC about the interpreter.

The allegation was yet another example of bad organisation at the historic memorial service December 10th, which was marred by public transportation breakdowns that hindered mourners from getting to the soccer stadium venue.

In addition a faulty audio system made the remarks of world leaders inaudible for many, and police failed to search the first wave of crowds who rushed inside the stadium after authorities opened the gates just after dawn.

Nelson Mandela, who became one of the world's most beloved statesmen and a colossus of the 20th century when he emerged from 27 years in prison to negotiate an end to white minority rule in South Africa, died on Thursday, 5 December.

He was 95.

South African President Jacob Zuma made the announcement at a news conference late Thursday, saying "we've lost our greatest son."

South Africa's first black president spent nearly one-third of his life as a prisoner of apartheid, the system of white racist rule that he described as evil, yet he sought to win over its defeated guardians in a relatively peaceful transition of power that inspired the world.

It was this generosity of spirit that made Mandela a global symbol of sacrifice and reconciliation in a world often jarred by conflict and division.

Mandela's stature as a fighter against white oppression and seeker of peace with his enemies was on a par with that of other men he admired: American civil rights activist Martin Luther King Jr. and Indian independence leader Mohandas K. Gandhi, both of whom were assassinated while actively engaged in their callings.

Mandela's death deprived the world of one of one of the great figures of modern history and set the stage for days of mourning and reflection about a colossus of the 20th century who projected astonishing grace, resolve and good humour.

At times, Mandela embraced his iconic status, appearing before a rapturous crowd in London's Wembley Stadium soon after his 1990 release from jail.

Sometimes, he sought to downplay it, uneasy about the perils of being put on a pedestal. In an unpublished manuscript, written while in prison, Mandela acknowledged that leaders of the anti-apartheid movement dominated the spotlight but said they were "only part of the story," and every activist was "like a brick which makes up our organisation."

He pondered the cost to his family of his dedication to the fight against the racist system of government that jailed him for 27 years and refused him permission to attend the funeral of his mother and of a son who was killed in a car crash.

In court, he described himself as "the loneliest man" during his mid-1990s divorce from Winnie Mandela.

As president, he could not forge lasting solutions to poverty, unemployment and other social ills that still plague today's South Africa, which has struggled to live up to its rosy depiction as the "Rainbow Nation."

He secured near-mythical status in his country and beyond. Last year, the South African central bank released new banknotes showing his face, a robust, smiling image of a man who was meticulous about his appearance and routinely exercised while in prison.

South Africa erected statues of him and named buildings and other places after him. He shared the 1993 Nobel Peace Prize with F. W. de Klerk, the country's last white president.

He was the subject of books, films and songs and a magnet for celebrities. In 2010, Mandela waved to the crowd at the Soccer City stadium at the closing ceremony of the World Cup, whose staging in South Africa allowed the country, and the continent, to shine internationally.

It was the last public appearance for the former president and prisoner, who smiled broadly and was bundled up against the cold.

One of the most memorable of his gestures toward racial harmony was the day in 1995 when he strode onto the field before the Rugby World Cup final in Johannesburg, and then again after the game, when he congratulated the home team for its victory over a tough New Zealand team.

Mandela was wearing South African colours and the overwhelmingly white crowd of 63,000 was on its feet, chanting "Nelson! Nelson! Nelson!"

It was typical of Mandela to march headlong into a bastion of white Afrikanerdom - in this case the temple of South African rugby - and make its followers feel they belonged in the new South Africa.

The moment was portrayed in "Invictus," Clint Eastwood's movie telling the story of South Africa's transformation through the prism of sport.

It was a moment half a century in the making. In the 1950s, Mandela sought universal rights through peaceful means but was sentenced to life imprisonment in 1964 for leading a campaign of sabotage against the government.

The speech he gave during that trial outlined his vision and resolve.

"During my lifetime I have dedicated myself to this struggle of the African people," Mandela said. "I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination.

I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve.

But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die." He was confined to the harsh Robben Island prison near Cape Town for most

of his time behind bars, then moved to jails on the mainland.

It was forbidden to quote him or publish his photo, yet he and other jailed members of his banned African National Congress were able to smuggle out messages of guidance to the anti-apartheid movement, and in the final stages of his confinement, he negotiated secretly with the apartheid leaders who recognised change was inevitable.

Thousands died, or were tortured or imprisoned in the decades-long struggle against apartheid, which deprived the black majority of the vote, the right to choose where to live and travel, and other basic freedoms.

So when inmate No. 46664 went free after 27 years, walking hand-in-hand with his wife Winnie out of a prison on the South African mainland, people worldwide rejoiced.

Mandela raised his right fist in triumph, and in his autobiography, "Long Walk to Freedom," he would write: "As I finally walked through those gates ... I felt - even at the age of seventy-one - that my life was beginning anew."

Mandela's release, rivaled the fall of the Berlin Wall just a few months earlier as a symbol of humanity's yearning for freedom, and his graying hair, raspy voice and colourful shirts made him a globally known figure.

Life, however, imposed new challenges on Mandela.

South Africa's white rulers had portrayed him as the spearhead of a communist revolution and insisted that black majority rule would usher in bloody chaos.

Thousands died in factional fighting in the runup to democratic elections in 1994, and Mandela accused the government of collusion in the

bloodshed.

But voting day, when long lines of voters waited patiently to cast ballots, passed peacefully, as did Mandela's inauguration as president.

"Never, never and never again shall it be that this beautiful land will again experience the oppression of one by another and suffer the indignity of being the skunk of the world," the new president said. "Let freedom reign. The sun shall never set on so glorious a human achievement! God bless Africa! Thank you."

Mandela also stood hand on heart, saluted by white generals as he sang along to two anthems now one: the apartheid-era Afrikaans "Die Stem," ("The Voice") and the African "Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika" ("Lord Bless Africa").

Since apartheid ended, South Africa has held four parliamentary elections and elected three presidents, always peacefully, setting an example on a continent where democracy is still new and fragile.

However, corruption scandals and other missteps under the ruling African National Congress, the liberation group once led by Mandela, have undercut some of the early promise.

President Jacob Zuma periodically observes that the South African white minority is far wealthier than the black majority, an imbalance that he regards as a vestige of the apartheid system that bestowed most economic benefits on whites.

When Mandela came to power, black South Africans anticipated quick fixes after being denied proper housing, schools and health care under apartheid.

The new government, however, embraced free-market policies to keep white-dominated big business on its side and attract foreign investment.

The policy averted the kind of economic deterioration that occurred in Zimbabwe after independence; South Africa, though, has one of the world's biggest gaps between rich and poor.

Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was born July 18, 1918, the son of a tribal chief in Transkei, a Xhosa homeland that later became one of the

"Bantustans" set up as independent republics by the apartheid regime to cement the separation of whites and blacks.

Mandela's royal upbringing gave him a regal bearing that became his hallmark. Many South Africans of all races would later call him by his clan name, Madiba, as a token of affection and respect.

Growing up at a time when virtually all of Africa was under European colonial rule, Mandela attended Methodist schools before being admitted to the black University of Fort Hare in 1938.

He was expelled two years later for his role in a student strike.

He moved to Johannesburg and worked as a policeman at a gold mine, boxed as an amateur heavyweight and studied law.

His first wife, nurse Evelyn Mase, bore him four children. A daughter died in infancy, a son was killed in a car crash in 1970 and another son died of AIDS in 2005. The couple divorced in 1957 and Evelyn died in 2004.

Mandela began his rise through the anti-apartheid movement in 1944, when he helped form the ANC Youth League.

He organised a campaign in 1952 to encourage defiance of laws that segregated schools, marriage, housing and job opportunities. The government retaliated by barring him from attending gatherings and leaving Johannesburg, the first of many "banning" orders he was to endure.

After a two-day nationwide strike was crushed by police, he and a small group of ANC colleagues decided on military action and Mandela pushed to form the movement's guerrilla wing, Umkhonto we Sizwe, or Spear of the Nation.

He was arrested in 1962 and sentenced to five years' hard labour for leaving the country illegally and inciting blacks to strike.

A year later, police uncovered the ANC's underground headquarters on a farm near Johannesburg and seized documents outlining plans for a guerrilla campaign.

At a time when African colonies were one by one becoming independent states, Mandela and seven co-defendants were sentenced to life in prison.

The ANC's armed wing was later involved in a series of high-profile bombings that killed civilians, and many in the white minority viewed the

imprisoned Mandela as a terrorist. The apartheid government, meanwhile, was denounced globally for its campaign of beatings, assassinations and other violent attacks on opponents.

Even in numbing confinement, Mandela sought to flourish.

"Incidentally, you may find that the cell is an ideal place to learn to know yourself, to search realistically and regularly the process of your own mind and feelings," he wrote in 1975 to Winnie Mandela, a prominent activist in her own right who was in a separate jail at that time.

Mandela turned down conditional offers of freedom during his decades in prison. In 1989, P.W. Botha, South Africa's hard-line president, was replaced by de Klerk, who recognised apartheid's end was near. Mandela continued, even in his last weeks in prison, to advocate nationalising banks, mines and monopoly industries - a stance that frightened the white business community.

But talks were already underway, with Mandela being spirited out of prison to meet white government leaders. After his release, he took charge of the ANC, and was elected president in a landslide in South Africa's first all-race election.

Perceived successes during Mandela's tenure include the introduction of a constitution with robust protections for individual rights, and the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, which he established with his fellow Nobelist, Archbishop Desmond Tutu.

It allowed human rights offenders of all races to admit their crimes publicly in return for lenient treatment. Though not regarded as wholly successful, it proved to be a kind of national therapy that would become a model for other countries emerging from prolonged strife.

Despite his saintly image, Mandela was sometimes a harsh critic. When black journalists mildly criticised his government, he painted them as stooges of the whites who owned the media. Some whites with complaints were dismissed as pining for their old privileges.

In the buildup to the Iraq War, Mandela harshly rebuked President George W. Bush. "Why is the United States behaving so arrogantly?" he asked in a speech. "All that (Bush) wants is Iraqi oil."

He suggested Bush and then British Prime Minister Tony Blair were racists, and claimed America, "which has committed unspeakable atrocities in the world," had no moral standing.

Until Bush repealed the order in 2008, Mandela could not visit the U.S. without the secretary of state certifying that he was not a terrorist.

To critics of his closeness to Fidel Castro and Moammar Gadhafi despite human rights violations in the countries they ruled, Mandela explained that he wouldn't forsake supporters of the anti-apartheid struggle.

To the disappointment of many South Africans, he increasingly left the governing to Deputy President Thabo Mbeki, who won the next presidential election and took over when Mandela's term ended in 1999.

"I must step down while there are one or two people who admire me," Mandela joked at the time. When he retired, he said he was going to stand on a street with a sign that said: "Unemployed, no job. New wife and large family to support."

His marriage to Winnie had fallen apart after his release and he married Graca Machel, the widowed, former first lady of neighbouring Mozambique.

With apartheid vanquished, Mandela turned to peacemaking efforts in other parts of Africa and the world and eventually to fighting AIDS, publicly acknowledging that his own son, Makgatho, had died of the disease.

Mandela's final years were marked by frequent hospitalisations as he struggled with respiratory problems that had bothered him since he contracted tuberculosis in prison.

He stayed in his rural home in Qunu in Eastern Cape province, where Hillary Clinton, then U.S. secretary of state, visited him in 2012, but then moved full-time to his home in Johannesburg so he could be close to medical care in Pretoria, the capital.

He is survived by Machel; his daughter Makaziwe by his first marriage, and daughters Zindzi and Zenani by his second.

POOL

London, UK - 29 August 2007

++4:3++

1. Wide of the ceremony of unveiling of Mandela statue in London

2. Close up of Mandela

3. Wide of statue being unveiled in Parliament Square

4. SOUNDBITE (English) Nelson Mandela, former South African president and Nobel laureate:

"When Oliver Tambo (fellow anti-apartheid leader) and I visited Westminster Abbey and Parliament Square in 1962, we half-joked that we hoped that one day a statue of a black person would be erected here." UPSOUND of applause

5. Mandela's wife Graca Machel smiling and clapping

AP TELEVISION

Johannesburg, South Africa - 27 October 2007

++4:3++

6. Mandela wearing the South African Rugby team strip walking in to Nelson Mandela Foundation to meet the Springboks after they won the 2007 Rugby World Cup

7. Cutaway of photographer

8. Close up of Mandela's face

9. Mandela and Jake White, Captain of the Springboks holding the Web Ellis Trophy

10. Various of Mandela with the team holding the trophy

UK POOL

London, UK - 25 June 2008

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11. Various of Nelson Mandela and his wife meeting Queen Elizabeth II at Buckingham Palace

UK POOL

London, UK - 26 June 2008

++4:3++

12. Left to right: Chelsea Clinton, British Prime Minister Gordon Brown, former US President Bill Clinton, Sarah Brown (Brown's wife), sitting down: Graca Machel (Mandela's wife), Nelson Mandela ++MUTE++

13. SOUNDBITE: (English) Nelson Mandela, former South African president, Nobel laureate:

"We warned against the invasion of Iraq and observed the terrible suffering in that country. We watch with sadness the continuing tragedy in Darfur. Nearer to home, we have seen the outbreak of violence against fellow Africans in our own country and the tragic failure of leadership in our neighbouring Zimbabwe." (applause)

UK POOL

London, UK - 27 June 2008

++4:3++

14. Wide of crowd at concert held for Nelson Mandela's 90th birthday

15. Will Smith on stage at concert UPSOUND "Ladies and gentlemen, the one the only, the birthday boy, Nelson Mandela"

16. Crowd clapping

17. Mandela walking out on the stage

18. Wide of stage

19. Nelson Mandela approaching podium

20. Woman holding up banner

21. Mandela struggling to get to podium

22. SOUNDBITE (English) Nelson Mandela, former South African president, Nobel laureate:

++contains cutaways of the audience and wide of the stage++

"After nearly 90 years of life, it is time for new hands to lift the burden. It is in your hands now."

23. Various of Mandela waving as people applaud

AGENCY POOL

Qunu, South Africa - 18 July 2008

++4:3++

24. Mid of Mandela's grandchildren giving three birthdays cheers to their grandfather UPSOUND (English) "Hip hip hurray!"

AP TELEVISION

Qunu, South Africa - 19 July 2008

++4:3++

25. Mandela arriving for his Birthday party with ANC President Jacob Zuma and Thabo Mbeki (right)

26. Close up of Mandela looking at Mbeki

27. Wide of Zuma on stage with singers

28. Various of guests raising a toast to Mandela

29. Mandela blowing out birthday candles on a cake

Nelson Mandela, who became one of the world's most beloved statesmen and a colossus of the 20th century when he emerged from 27 years in prison to negotiate an end to white minority rule in South Africa, died on Thursday, 5 December.

He was 95.

South African President Jacob Zuma made the announcement at a news conference late Thursday, saying "we've lost our greatest son."

South Africa's first black president spent nearly one-third of his life as a prisoner of apartheid, the system of white racist rule that he described as evil, yet he sought to win over its defeated guardians in a relatively peaceful transition of power that inspired the world.

It was this generosity of spirit that made Mandela a global symbol of sacrifice and reconciliation in a world often jarred by conflict and division.

Mandela's stature as a fighter against white oppression and seeker of peace with his enemies was on a par with that of other men he admired: American civil rights activist Martin Luther King Jr. and Indian independence leader Mohandas K. Gandhi, both of whom were assassinated while actively engaged in their callings.

Mandela's death deprived the world of one of one of the great figures of modern history and set the stage for days of mourning and reflection about a colossus of the 20th century who projected astonishing grace, resolve and good humour.

At times, Mandela embraced his iconic status, appearing before a rapturous crowd in London's Wembley Stadium soon after his 1990 release from jail.

Sometimes, he sought to downplay it, uneasy about the perils of being put on a pedestal. In an unpublished manuscript, written while in prison, Mandela acknowledged that leaders of the anti-apartheid movement dominated the spotlight but said they were "only part of the story," and every activist was "like a brick which makes up our organisation."

He pondered the cost to his family of his dedication to the fight against the racist system of government that jailed him for 27 years and refused him permission to attend the funeral of his mother and of a son who was killed in a car crash.

In court, he described himself as "the loneliest man" during his mid-1990s divorce from Winnie Mandela.

As president, he could not forge lasting solutions to poverty, unemployment and other social ills that still plague today's South Africa, which has struggled to live up to its rosy depiction as the "Rainbow Nation."

He secured near-mythical status in his country and beyond. Last year, the South African central bank released new banknotes showing his face, a robust, smiling image of a man who was meticulous about his appearance and routinely exercised while in prison.

South Africa erected statues of him and named buildings and other places after him. He shared the 1993 Nobel Peace Prize with F. W. de Klerk, the country's last white president.

He was the subject of books, films and songs and a magnet for celebrities. In 2010, Mandela waved to the crowd at the Soccer City stadium at the closing ceremony of the World Cup, whose staging in South Africa allowed the country, and the continent, to shine internationally.

It was the last public appearance for the former president and prisoner, who smiled broadly and was bundled up against the cold.

One of the most memorable of his gestures toward racial harmony was the day in 1995 when he strode onto the field before the Rugby World Cup final in Johannesburg, and then again after the game, when he congratulated the home team for its victory over a tough New Zealand team.

Mandela was wearing South African colours and the overwhelmingly white crowd of 63,000 was on its feet, chanting "Nelson! Nelson! Nelson!"

It was typical of Mandela to march headlong into a bastion of white Afrikanerdom - in this case the temple of South African rugby - and make its followers feel they belonged in the new South Africa.

The moment was portrayed in "Invictus," Clint Eastwood's movie telling the story of South Africa's transformation through the prism of sport.

It was a moment half a century in the making. In the 1950s, Mandela sought universal rights through peaceful means but was sentenced to life imprisonment in 1964 for leading a campaign of sabotage against the government.

The speech he gave during that trial outlined his vision and resolve.

"During my lifetime I have dedicated myself to this struggle of the African people," Mandela said. "I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination.

I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve.

But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die." He was confined to the harsh Robben Island prison near Cape Town for most

of his time behind bars, then moved to jails on the mainland.

It was forbidden to quote him or publish his photo, yet he and other jailed members of his banned African National Congress were able to smuggle out messages of guidance to the anti-apartheid movement, and in the final stages of his confinement, he negotiated secretly with the apartheid leaders who recognised change was inevitable.

Thousands died, or were tortured or imprisoned in the decades-long struggle against apartheid, which deprived the black majority of the vote, the right to choose where to live and travel, and other basic freedoms.

So when inmate No. 46664 went free after 27 years, walking hand-in-hand with his wife Winnie out of a prison on the South African mainland, people worldwide rejoiced.

Mandela raised his right fist in triumph, and in his autobiography, "Long Walk to Freedom," he would write: "As I finally walked through those gates ... I felt - even at the age of seventy-one - that my life was beginning anew."

Mandela's release, rivaled the fall of the Berlin Wall just a few months earlier as a symbol of humanity's yearning for freedom, and his graying hair, raspy voice and colourful shirts made him a globally known figure.

Life, however, imposed new challenges on Mandela.

South Africa's white rulers had portrayed him as the spearhead of a communist revolution and insisted that black majority rule would usher in bloody chaos.

Thousands died in factional fighting in the runup to democratic elections in 1994, and Mandela accused the government of collusion in the

bloodshed.

But voting day, when long lines of voters waited patiently to cast ballots, passed peacefully, as did Mandela's inauguration as president.

"Never, never and never again shall it be that this beautiful land will again experience the oppression of one by another and suffer the indignity of being the skunk of the world," the new president said. "Let freedom reign. The sun shall never set on so glorious a human achievement! God bless Africa! Thank you."

Mandela also stood hand on heart, saluted by white generals as he sang along to two anthems now one: the apartheid-era Afrikaans "Die Stem," ("The Voice") and the African "Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika" ("Lord Bless Africa").

Since apartheid ended, South Africa has held four parliamentary elections and elected three presidents, always peacefully, setting an example on a continent where democracy is still new and fragile.

However, corruption scandals and other missteps under the ruling African National Congress, the liberation group once led by Mandela, have undercut some of the early promise.

President Jacob Zuma periodically observes that the South African white minority is far wealthier than the black majority, an imbalance that he regards as a vestige of the apartheid system that bestowed most economic benefits on whites.

When Mandela came to power, black South Africans anticipated quick fixes after being denied proper housing, schools and health care under apartheid.

The new government, however, embraced free-market policies to keep white-dominated big business on its side and attract foreign investment.

The policy averted the kind of economic deterioration that occurred in Zimbabwe after independence; South Africa, though, has one of the world's biggest gaps between rich and poor.

Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was born July 18, 1918, the son of a tribal chief in Transkei, a Xhosa homeland that later became one of the

"Bantustans" set up as independent republics by the apartheid regime to cement the separation of whites and blacks.

Mandela's royal upbringing gave him a regal bearing that became his hallmark. Many South Africans of all races would later call him by his clan name, Madiba, as a token of affection and respect.

Growing up at a time when virtually all of Africa was under European colonial rule, Mandela attended Methodist schools before being admitted to the black University of Fort Hare in 1938.

He was expelled two years later for his role in a student strike.

He moved to Johannesburg and worked as a policeman at a gold mine, boxed as an amateur heavyweight and studied law.

His first wife, nurse Evelyn Mase, bore him four children. A daughter died in infancy, a son was killed in a car crash in 1970 and another son died of AIDS in 2005. The couple divorced in 1957 and Evelyn died in 2004.

Mandela began his rise through the anti-apartheid movement in 1944, when he helped form the ANC Youth League.

He organised a campaign in 1952 to encourage defiance of laws that segregated schools, marriage, housing and job opportunities. The government retaliated by barring him from attending gatherings and leaving Johannesburg, the first of many "banning" orders he was to endure.

After a two-day nationwide strike was crushed by police, he and a small group of ANC colleagues decided on military action and Mandela pushed to form the movement's guerrilla wing, Umkhonto we Sizwe, or Spear of the Nation.

He was arrested in 1962 and sentenced to five years' hard labour for leaving the country illegally and inciting blacks to strike.

A year later, police uncovered the ANC's underground headquarters on a farm near Johannesburg and seized documents outlining plans for a guerrilla campaign.

At a time when African colonies were one by one becoming independent states, Mandela and seven co-defendants were sentenced to life in prison.

The ANC's armed wing was later involved in a series of high-profile bombings that killed civilians, and many in the white minority viewed the

imprisoned Mandela as a terrorist. The apartheid government, meanwhile, was denounced globally for its campaign of beatings, assassinations and other violent attacks on opponents.

Even in numbing confinement, Mandela sought to flourish.

"Incidentally, you may find that the cell is an ideal place to learn to know yourself, to search realistically and regularly the process of your own mind and feelings," he wrote in 1975 to Winnie Mandela, a prominent activist in her own right who was in a separate jail at that time.

Mandela turned down conditional offers of freedom during his decades in prison. In 1989, P.W. Botha, South Africa's hard-line president, was replaced by de Klerk, who recognised apartheid's end was near. Mandela continued, even in his last weeks in prison, to advocate nationalising banks, mines and monopoly industries - a stance that frightened the white business community.

But talks were already underway, with Mandela being spirited out of prison to meet white government leaders. After his release, he took charge of the ANC, and was elected president in a landslide in South Africa's first all-race election.

Perceived successes during Mandela's tenure include the introduction of a constitution with robust protections for individual rights, and the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, which he established with his fellow Nobelist, Archbishop Desmond Tutu.

It allowed human rights offenders of all races to admit their crimes publicly in return for lenient treatment. Though not regarded as wholly successful, it proved to be a kind of national therapy that would become a model for other countries emerging from prolonged strife.

Despite his saintly image, Mandela was sometimes a harsh critic. When black journalists mildly criticised his government, he painted them as stooges of the whites who owned the media. Some whites with complaints were dismissed as pining for their old privileges.

In the buildup to the Iraq War, Mandela harshly rebuked President George W. Bush. "Why is the United States behaving so arrogantly?" he asked in a speech. "All that (Bush) wants is Iraqi oil."

He suggested Bush and then British Prime Minister Tony Blair were racists, and claimed America, "which has committed unspeakable atrocities in the world," had no moral standing.

Until Bush repealed the order in 2008, Mandela could not visit the U.S. without the secretary of state certifying that he was not a terrorist.

To critics of his closeness to Fidel Castro and Moammar Gadhafi despite human rights violations in the countries they ruled, Mandela explained that he wouldn't forsake supporters of the anti-apartheid struggle.

To the disappointment of many South Africans, he increasingly left the governing to Deputy President Thabo Mbeki, who won the next presidential election and took over when Mandela's term ended in 1999.

"I must step down while there are one or two people who admire me," Mandela joked at the time. When he retired, he said he was going to stand on a street with a sign that said: "Unemployed, no job. New wife and large family to support."

His marriage to Winnie had fallen apart after his release and he married Graca Machel, the widowed, former first lady of neighbouring Mozambique.

With apartheid vanquished, Mandela turned to peacemaking efforts in other parts of Africa and the world and eventually to fighting AIDS, publicly acknowledging that his own son, Makgatho, had died of the disease.

Mandela's final years were marked by frequent hospitalisations as he struggled with respiratory problems that had bothered him since he contracted tuberculosis in prison.

He stayed in his rural home in Qunu in Eastern Cape province, where Hillary Clinton, then U.S. secretary of state, visited him in 2012, but then moved full-time to his home in Johannesburg so he could be close to medical care in Pretoria, the capital.

He is survived by Machel; his daughter Makaziwe by his first marriage, and daughters Zindzi and Zenani by his second.

AP TELEVISION

Qunu, Transkei, South Africa - 25 December 1995

++4:3++

1. Mandela looking at book inside his old childhood home

2. Close up of his finger pointing at a picture of him as a young man

AP TELEVISION

++MUTE ++

BLACK AND WHITE

South Africa, 1960s - precise dates and locations unknown

++4:3++

3.1964 Rivonia trial of Nelson Mandela and seven ANC members ++please note contains a freeze frame++

4. South African President Hendrik Verwoerd ++black and white video++

5. Various of South African President Hendrik Verwoerd

AP TELEVISION

Soweto, South Africa - 1976 (some with commentary)

++4:3++

6. Aerial of smoke rising above Soweto township during street violence

7. Various of Soweto riots with man being shot at

8. Soweto building on fire

9. Various of troops in street

10. Various of soldiers climbing on roof of building and detaining demonstrators

11. Youth throwing brick at car travelling on highway

AP TELEVISION

South Africa, 1977

++4:3++

+BLACK AND WHITE VIDEO++

12. Various of funeral of Activist Stephen Biko

AP TELEVISION - AP CLIENTS ONLY

Location Unknown - November 1980

++4:3++

13. Oliver Tambo, ANC leader in exile, accepts award for international understanding on behalf on Nelson Mandela

14. Cutaway

15. SOUNDBITE (English) Oliver Tambo, ANC leader in exile:

"Nelson Mandela therefore accepts the award with full awareness of its historic message. He accepts it as a supreme challenge to him personally and to the leadership of the ANC and the people of South Africa."

AP TELEVISION

Pretoria, South Africa - May, 1983

++4:3++

16. Various of aftermath of ANC car bomb

AP TELEVISION

South Africa - July 1983

++4:3++

17. SOUNDBITE (English) Winnie Mandela, Nelson Mandela's former wife:

"I know and the people of this country know that Mandela will lead this country to freedom."

AP TELEVISION - AP CLIENTS ONLY

Cape Town, South Africa - 8 August 1985

++4:3++

18. Various of police charging against demonstrators during march on Pollsmoor Prison

AP TELEVISION

South Africa - July 1985

++4:3++

19. Various security forces firing in townships, man hit, people taking cover

20. Wide of President P.W. Botha

21. SOUNDBITE (English), P.W. Botha, former president of South Africa:

"This state of affairs can no longer be tolerated."

AP TELEVISION

South Africa - 1985

++4:3++

22. SOUNDBITE (English) Zinzi Mandela, Nelson Mandela's daughter:

++READING HER FATHER'S RESPONSE TO PRESIDENT BOTHA CONDITIONAL OFFER OF RELEASE+

++Includes Cutaway Archbishop Desmond Tutu listening++

"But, I cannot sell my birthright, nor I am prepared to sell the birthright of the people to be free. I cannot and will not give any undertaking at a time when I and you, the people, are not free. Your freedom and mine cannot be separated. (interrupted by applause of the audience) I will return."

AP TELEVISION

Cape Town, South Africa - 1986

++4:3++

23. Video believed to show Mandela inside Medipark Clinic

AP TELEVISION

London, UK - 17 August 1988

++4:3++

24. Various of anti-apartheid march in Hyde Park

25. Archbishop Desmond Tutu and UK President of Anti-Apartheid Movement Reverend Trevor Huddleston embracing on stage

26. SOUNDBITE: (English) Archbishop Desmond Tutu:

"South Africa needs Nelson Mandela. The world needs Nelson Mandela."

AP TELEVISION

Johannesburg, South Africa - 10 February 1990

++4:3++

27. Reverend Jesse Jackson and Allan Boesak dancing leading the crowds after Mandela's release is announced

AP TELEVISION

Paarl, South Africa - 11 February 1990

++4:3++

28. Wide shot entrance to Victor Verster Prison with people waiting

29. Wide shot cars leaving prison

30. Mandela raises clenched fist as he walks with Winnie Madikizela-Mandela

AP TELEVISION

Cape Town, South Africa - 11 February 1990

++4:3++

31. Various of Mandela on balcony with supporters, Walter Sisulu chants to crowd, and introduces Mandela to crowd

32. Mandela chants to crowd UPSOUND: "Amandtha, Amandtha, Africa..."

33. Crowd cheering

34. SOUNDBITE: (English) Nelson Mandela:

"Comrades and fellow South Africans I greet you all in the name of peace, democracy and freedom for all. I stand here before you not as a prophet, but as a humble servant of you, the people. Your tireless and heroic sacrifices have made it possible for me to be here today. "

35. Crowd cheering

SHOTLIST

AP Television

Potsdam, Germany, 2 November 2009

1. Sandmann puppet surrounded by children

2. Sandmann puppet climbing up stairs

3. Sandmann puppet exhibition

4. Figurines depicting characters from the fairy tale: Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs

5. Figurines depicting characters from the fairy tale: The Wolf and the Seven Little Goats

6. View through the telescope of an old Sandmann animated scene

7. Set up of Winfried Kujas, former production manager of German Democratic Republic (GDP or then East Germany) children channel

8. SOUNDBITE (German) Winfried Kujas, former production manager of German Democratic Republic children channel:

"One thought it would be a Sandmann, the West German television was working on and we got the order to be faster with creating a Sandmann for East German television. During those times it was like war on air. It was the battle between East and West and we wanted to be faster and we were faster."

9. Tilt up of first Sandmann puppet

10. Medium of first and current Sandmann puppet

11. Close up on faces of Sandmann puppets

12. SOUNDBITE (German) Winfried Kujas, former production manager of German Democratic Republic (East) children channel:

"They (production team) had a large freedom of scope because everyone knows that the Sandmann travelled using objects that could fly - like a hang glider or balloon, which was forbidden for GDR citizens to travel with. People thought; how was it possible to create such scenes for the Sandmann? But the Sandmann had the freedom to do everything."

13. Various of Sandmann with hang glider

14. Sandmann as astronaut

15. Sandmann seated in former GDR car called the "Trabant"

16. Set up of Diethild Draeger, costume designer for the Sandmann series

17. SOUNDBITE (German) Diethild Draeger, costume designer of Sandmann series:

"We did not have a big choice of fabrics available for cloth we had to design for the Sandmann and other puppets. That's why the members of the Sandmann team brought old children's socks to work, which we used to create jumpers for example. We were very modest."

18. Various of figurines from the Sandmann series, including one depicting Little Red Riding Hood

19. SOUNDBITE (German) Marianne Serowksi, former animator of the Sandmann series:

"The East Sandmann is the result of the work a large creative team. The West Sandmann was created by a very small team, Mister Schultz and his wife. They had a very small budget only and it is normal with artistic work, that the team with the bigger budget available survives."

20. Child looking trough telescope

21. Close up of Sandmann figurine looking trough telescope

22. Pan down from Sandmann to children gathered around him

STORYLINE

EXHIBITION FOR LONG RUNNING SANDMANN ANIMATION

The Sandmann cartoon character has been wishing children all over Germany a good night's sleep for almost 50 years.

Every night at 18.55 local time - ever since 22 November 1959 - the Sandmann and his friends appear on television to wish their young viewers sweet dreams.

In recognition of the series' longevity, an exhibition at the film museum in Potsdam gives both young and old a chance to see how the Sandmann survived the test of time.

Cartoon figures from the past and present are on display and the sentimental have an opportunity to view old scenes of the famous series.

Today's united Germany and the German nations that existed in 1959 bear little resemblance.

The Berlin Wall had not been built yet - but the Cold War was waged bitterly in West and East Germany.

It wasn't long before both realised that to win the propaganda war they had to win the hearts and minds of the most impressionable subjects - the children who were becoming regular viewers of a new medium - television.

So when the Eastern communist government got wind of the plans by West Germany to launch a bedtime series for children, they ordered their television producers to create the country's own bedtime show, with an anti-capitalist message.

Winfied Kujas, the former production manager of East Germany's children's television, recalls how he and his team were put under enormous pressure to come up with a show.

"During those times, it was like war on air. It was the battle between East and West and we wanted to be faster and we were faster," he said.

Eventually, on 21 November, an East German television anchor announced: "Tomorrow at 18.55 local time, the Sandmann will come to say goodnight to the children."

When the first episodes were shown on television, its attentive audience responded to even minor details.

For example, in one episode, the Sandmann got sleepy at the end of the show and fell asleep in the middle of a pile of snow.

The very next day, children from all over East Germany sent in beds for the Sandmann to sleep in.

For many East Germans, divided from the West by the Wall that was eventually built, the Sandmann gave them a glimpse of what it meant to be free.

Kujas says the production team was able to allow the cartoon hero to do things that weren't permitted in real-life.

"Sandmann travelled using objects that could fly - like a hangglider or balloon, which was forbidden for GDR citizens," he explains.

"People thought; how was it possible to create such scenes for the Sandmann? But the Sandmann had the freedom to do everything."

The material available to make the Sandmann series was limited.

Former designer Diethild Draeger remembers that the team had to be very creative to design and dress the puppets as a wide range of fabrics were not available.

"Members of the Sandmann team brought old children's socks to work, which we used to create jumpers...We were very modest," she says.`

Still, Sandmann could do just about everything and portrayed an image of a friendly, technologically advanced and optimistic socialist society in daily broadcasts to his audience, which were watched by (m) millions of impressionable East German children.

But as that society changed, Sandmann's life began to mirror developments in East Germany.

Eventually, the wall came down in 1989 and unified Germans were able to watch two Sandmanns - the East and the West versions.

The East series ended in 1990 - but this sparked so many protests by parents and children that the East Sandmann made a successful comeback.

Instead, the production of the western Sandmann stopped.

Former Sandmann animator Marianne Serowski says it is no surprise that the East German Sandmann won a belated victory over his capitalist rival.

She explains that a much bigger team worked on the production of the East Sandmann and that the budget was much higher than the one the creators of the Western Sandmann had available.

So he may be 50 years old, but the Sandmann has found its place in a united Germany - exciting children today just like he did on his very first day.

SHOTLIST:

AP Television

Turin, Italy - March 19th, 2011

1. Various of Ferrari cars, in simulated Formula 1 racetrack, showing models throughout Ferrari history, with film projections

2. Wide of Turin city sign "Torino", outside Palazzo del Lavoro, covered with a giant Italian flag

3. Wide of the museum sign reading: "March 2011, The new Automobile Museum of Turin is born"

4. Wide exterior of National Automobile Museum in Corso Unita d'Italia, Turin

5. Mid of National Automobile Museum logo on doorway

RAI - POOL VIDEO no restrictions

Turin, Italy - March 19th, 2011

6. Mid of Italian President Giorgio Napolitano arriving by car to inaugurate the Museum

7. Mid of Lapo Elkann unveiling a plaque in honour of his grandfather Gianni Agnelli to whom the museum is dedicated

8. Mid of FIAT Chief Executive Officer Sergio Marchionne with Lapo Elkann

9. Mid of the Italian President Giorgio Napolitano in crowd

AP Television

Turin, Italy - March 19th, 2011

10. Tilt up of a red FIAT 500 with, on top, the tower of Mole Antonelliana, symbol of Turin

11. Wide of red ITALIA 25-35 HP, 1915, 75 hm/h

12. Wide of ALFA ROMEO GIULIETTA SPRINT, ITALIA 1954, plus body model

13. Various of displays of old and modern wheels

14. Mid of an engine

15. Wide of a reconstruction of "Jamais Contente", Belgium 1899

16. Tilt up to reconstruction of the self-propelled cart first invented by Leonardo Da Vinci in 1478

17. Various of Alfa Romeo 4C Concept first shown at the 2011 Geneva Motor Show

18. Tilt down of "The Garage of the Future" display entrance

19. Various of old Fiat car early 20th century, visitor taking photographs

20. Mid of people looking at displays

21. Close of early 20th century vehicle

22. Various of aerodynamic car decorations in the museum

23. Wide of Jaguar, United Kingdom, 1969

24. Wide of Citroen 2CV-A7, France, 1958, with 'hippy' paintwork

25. Various of visitors looking at cars in the museum

26. Various of Trabant 601, 1987, from East Germany

27. Tilt up of Fiat Turbina, Italia, 1954

28. Wide of Ferrari display

29. Wide of photos of famous world champions Formula 1 drivers

30. Wide of 'Roaring Twenties' film projection with Rolls Royce in foreground

31. Wide of white Rolls Royce of 1920's era

32. Model of car assembly line robotic arm, tilt down to Fiat 500 made of hundreds little Fiat 500 model cars

33. SOUNDBITE: (English) Francois Confino, Set Designer:

"Usually in automobile museums you are in front of cars, but these cars are for me dead. They are immobile, they don't tell stories, they are just cars and for me it is total uninteresting. We wanted in this museum to tell the history of the 20th century, and also to tell this history we have to build decors, we have for example to use fiction films or documentaries. These projections of films I consider them like windows on the actual time when the cars were alive and this allows us to bring the cars alive again."

34. Mid of visitors train moving around reconstruction of a car assembly line

35. Pan of part completed cars on production line

36. SOUNDBITE: (Italian) Francesca Tidoni, vox pop:

"It was like going on a fairground ride, only more slowly, looking inside the cars."

37. Wide of "Car Workshop"

38. Zoom into "Car Apartment"

39. Mid of "Car Bathroom"

40. Wide of children in display

41. SOUNDBITE: (Italian) Michele Bonino, vox pop:

"Although I do not understand anything about cars I could appreciate the museum. I was expecting something aimed more at specialists, instead both me and the children enjoyed it."

42. Various of old cars in the 'Futurism' section, the artistic movement of early 20th century

43. Close of one of the first driving licences granted to a woman: Francesca Mancuzio, Palermo, 1913

44. Tilt up the Isotta Fraschini, Italy, 1909, a popular car with women

45. Wide of Fiat 600 Multipla, 1956-1995, symbol of the Italian family's holidays in the Sixties

46. Close of EPOCA magazine of the 1960s

46. Pan right of eco-cars, from the electric powered FIAT Downtown to the Phoenix, solar powered

47. Mid of the Phoenix solar-powered car

48. Pan left from River Po to National Automobile Museum

LEAD IN:

Italy's National Automobile Museum in Turin has reopened after a USD$47 million refit.

It's part of the celebrations of Italy's 150th anniversary as a nation.

The automobile has been there throughout that history, with Turin at the heart of it all.

STORYLINE:

Ferrari is one of Italy's great automobile legends, synonymous with speed, style and futuristic design.

Fitting then that Ferrari has pride of place at the newly refurbished National Automobile Museum in Turin.

Here, a special display lines up Ferrari racers throughout the ages, animated by dramatic projections.

The Formula 1 Ferrari is one of the most iconic race cars of all time, a slice of automotive history that can be viewed via one manufacturer.

The museum reopened after a four year, 33 million Euro (USD$47 million) restoration programme with the motto 'L'auto e cultura', 'the automobile is culture.'

Turin is not only the spiritual home of motor manufacturing in Italy, where FIAT was founded in 1899, it is also Italy's first national capital.

The significance of the car in Italian culture is underscored by the timing of the opening to coincide with Italy's 150th anniversary celebrations.

President Giorgio Napolitano was there to do the honours.

In the entrance hall a memorial plaque to the former FIAT president Giovanni Agnelli, who died in 2003, was unveiled by his grandson Lapo Elkann together with the current FIAT Chief Executive Officer Sergio Marchionne.

It was in Turin that Giovanni Agnelli founded the Fabbrica Italiana Automobili Torino (FIAT ) one of the most important carmakers in the world.

The factory moved thousands of immigrants from the south of Italy to the northern city, changing the face of the Turin and the history of the country.

The National Automobile Museum was founded in 1957 by the ANFIA (Associazione Nazionale Industrie Automobilistiche e Affini) together with the Agnelli family.

Now, Fiat has pride of place in the museum alongside other Italian greats like Alpha Romeo.

With more than 19,000 square metres (around 200,000 square feet) of exhibition space the museum houses one of the rarest and most valuable collections of cars in the world.

There are around 200 original automobiles by 80 different manufacturers from the earliest experimental days right up to the present day.

There is a reconstruction of "Jamais Contente", created in 1899 by the Belgian Camille Jenatzy, with an electric engine. It was the first vehicle to exceed 100 km (60mph) per hour.

Earlier still there's a model of a concept car by Leonardo da Vinci - a self-propelling cart that he designed in 1478.

Fast forward to the first steam cars to the Alfa Romeo 4C Concept Car unveiled at the 2011 Geneva Motor Show only weeks ago.

It's a paradise for car lovers, young and old.

Animated displays detail the development of aerodynamic design, while period film projections place the cars in their historical era.

And it's not just Italian design.

Classic 60s models like the Jaguar E-Type, emblem of the Swinging Sixties, share the limelight with Citroen's 2CV, favourite of farmers and hippies alike.

Even the notoriously noisy east German Trabant gets a look-in, not because of great design maybe, but because it came to symbolise the struggle of Soviet dominated eastern Europe in the years before and after the fall of the Berlin Wall.

Heroes of the racetrack jostle with film clips of Roaring Twenties revellers, alongside the 1920s Rolls Royces they would have used.

It's all about making motors fun for all the family says display designer Francois Confino.

"Usually in automobile museums you are in front of cars, but these cars are for me dead. They are immobile, they don't tell stories, they are just cars and for me it is total uninteresting. We wanted in this museum to tell the history of the 20th century, and also to tell this history we have to build decors, we have for example to use fiction films or documentaries. These projections of films I consider them like windows on the actual time when the cars were alive and this allows us to bring the cars alive again."

Confino was also responsible for the inauguration of the Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris.

Displays give visitors insights into the automated production lines that make most modern cars.

While for children there are fantasy playpens with cars made into play apartments and even bathrooms.

It seems to work says parent Michele Bonino.

"I was expecting something aimed more at specialists, instead both me and the children enjoyed it," he says.

One section of the museum is devoted to the Italian Futurist movement of the early part of the 20th century.

The Futurists were an artistic and social movement whose members were fascinated by speed, their manifesto states: "A roaring car that seems to ride on grapeshot is more beautiful than the Victory of Samothrace."

In the early days of female emancipation, the first female drivers caused scandal. One of the first female pioneers to be licensed was the Sicilian Francesca Mancuzio from Palermo who got one of the first driving licences in 1913.

The final section of the display is devoted to the next generation of automobiles, leaving behind the internal combustion engine to explore new environmentally-friendly technologies like electric and solar power.

Opposite the banks of the River Po, The National Automobile Museum of Turin is situated in the "Italia 61" complex on Corso Unita d'Italia, made to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the unification of Italy.

Looking for ideas for your next holiday?

Here's a round up of the coolest - and hottest - hotels on the planet from paragliding arrivals to igloo slumbering.

Down this icy crevice is an igloo hotel.

It's one of six igloo village hotels in Europe, where guests can pay over 200 euros ($275 USD) to stay in a room made entirely of snow and ice.

All rooms are equipped with thick insulation layers, mattresses and sleeping bags meaning there's no worries about getting cold say staff.

Each year, snow artists decorate the rooms around a certain theme - this year it's 'Tropical' so there's palm trees, waterfalls and crocodiles along the arctic walls.

But if you like comfort this hotel might not be for you - naturally, there are no boiling hot showers, and toilets are shared.

Unless you're staying in the 'Romantic Plus' rooms which boast their own en-suite arctic toilets.

And if you are in need of a little warmth at this time of year, perhaps this desert hotel is more to your liking.

Qasr Al Sarab is nestled between two large sand dunes in the Empty Quarter or Rub al Khali as it is known in Abu Dhabi.

It's the largest red sand desert in the world and links the UAE with Oman, Yemen and Saudi Arabia. For hundreds of years caravans of camels carried gold, frankincense and dates across these dunes.

The UAE's rulers' links with this desert stretch back generations and they wanted to build a world class hotel to highlight its beauty and heritage.

The architectural style is reminiscent of the forts used by their forefathers.The materials are also similar and help to insulate against the heat. The towers allow available breeze to enter and keep the rooms cool, it's natural air conditioning.

Situated a discreet distance away from the main hotel are the Presidential Pavilions which resemble small private palaces. They have their own plunge pools overlooking the sand dunes. They cost 1,500 US dollars a night and have one bedroom. This includes a butler service and all meals, so guests don't need to venture out at all.

Or if you fancy an adventure while you're visiting the UAE, then this hotel is bringing the safari out of Africa.

With its vast plains dotted with gazelles, blackbuck, ostriches and giraffes, it looks like an African safari park - but this is Arabia not Africa.

50 years ago this 87 square kilometre island was a barren rocky outcrop consisting only of salt mounds and scrub.

The former ruler of the United Arab Emirates, the late Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan turned this island off Abu Dhabi into a wildlife sanctuary complete with more than a million trees and 12-thousand animals.

It was his personal retreat. He brought in 23 species of wildlife and in the 1980s started a breeding programme for the Arabian oryx which had previously been extinct in the wild.

Cheetahs and hyenas have been brought in latterly to naturally help manage animal populations such as sand gazelles which could easily over-populate without natural predators.

Although animals such as giraffes may look out of place in the Arabian peninsular, millions of years ago their ancestors shared this land with the ancestors of elephants and hippopotamuses.

Marius Prinsloo, general manager of Sir Bani Yas Island, says the late Sheikh Zayed wanted to teach people about conservation: "One of the visions of Sheikh Zayed was to create what he called at the time an Arabian ark. So he brought a lot of animals here and he wanted to create something for his people. So the island was primarily established to teach the people of the UAE the value of nature, the value of interacting with nature, the value of preserving and conserving natural habitats and animals."

Five years ago the Sheikh's guest house was turned into a hotel, enabling tourists to stay on the island for the first time.

Designed to emulate an African safari lodge, Al Saheel Villa Resort has a very African feel in its decor and layout. The price for a one-bedroom villa is around $435 US dollars per night depending on the season.

Until recently a remote area of Northern Oman was only accessible by boat. This has meant that few tourists have made it to this part of Oman.

But those arriving at the Sixth Senses Zighy Bay have found a new way to get there - by paragliding.

But since the opening of a luxury resort, guests can now choose to fly in by para glider or take hair raising trip in a 4 x 4 vehicle.

The hotel runs an 18-acre farm in the nearby town of Dibba where vegetables are grown and an organic herb garden at Zighy.

A pool villa in high season starts from 1,079 US dollars per night, excluding tax and service charges.

And if paragliding isn't your thing, then perhaps hammocks are. 25hours Hotel Bikini Berlin is the latest hipster place to stay in Berlin.

From dark hallways illuminated by neon room numbers to the mandatory fixed wheel bike as standard - the Bikini Berlin does a good job of serving the hipster travellers who are so fond of the German capital.

Guests lounge around in hammocks in the rooms and in the lobby, only adding to the hotel's quirky image.

But one thing sets this hotel apart from its rivals: it is not located in trendy Kreuzberg or Mitte. It sits right in the middle of Berlin's City West, the area running along the shopping street Kurfuerstendamm, which used to be the very centre of West Berlin before the fall of the wall in 1989.

The hotel opened its doors in January 2014. It has 149 rooms, ranging from smaller budget rooms for 115 euros (150 US dollars) per room per night to extra large rooms for 175 euros (229 US dollars) per night.

While Berlin may be hipster cool. This is the latest trend in hotel design.

Hotel guests in Sweden can now have their hotel room delivered to anywhere in the Nordic region.

This moveable hotel room is the latest marketing gimmick by Swedish hotel chain, Scandic. Prospective guests at Scandic "To Go" can apply to have a room, complete with air-conditioning, shower, Wifi and breakfast, moved to their favourite location.

It's an 18 square metre (194 square feet) container, and comes complete with: double bed, a sitting area, a bathroom with shower, a veranda and even breakfast served in the morning.

Scandic "To Go" was launched in June 2014 and has so far visited locations all over Scandinavia. Today it's being positioned onto a marina in Djurgarden, a leafy green island in central Stockholm.

The room costs 2500 kronor per night (USD $347), which places it in the middle to high end price range of Stockholm hotel rooms.

From container hotels to glamping.

Glamorous camping - is all the rage in South Korea. Sites offering all the luxuries of a hotel, with the unique outdoor vibe of a camping trip, are springing up around South Korea and locals say they're a hit.

Glamping isn't about packing heavy tents, sleeping bags, pegs and mallets. The latest glamping sites offer running water, air-conditioning and king-size beds. Some tents even come with HD television sets.

With so much luxury - it hardly feels like the rugged outdoor spirit of a camping trip. But South Korean glampers aren't concerned by a lack of authenticity and say it's the perfect balance between a hotel and a tent.

Yangpyeong Glamping and Caravan offers one-night Glamping reservation for KRW130,000 (USD $130) and a Caravan for KRW200,000 (USD $200) for two people and extra KRW20,000 (USD $20) will be charged per additional person during non-holiday season.

These treehouses are bringing fairytales to life.

A hotel in Germany is offering its guests the opportunity to stay in a treehouse for 180 euro (US$240) per night. The treehouses are small, there are only basic facilities and no running hot water, and it is located in the middle of a forest by the German-Polish border.

But still, thousands of people travel here every year to stay at the treehouse hotel, near the town of Zentendorf, an approximately 2 hour drive south-east of Berlin.

Some of the houses are just a few metres above ground but the highest is 15-metes.

Lisa Kirsten and Paulina Ursinos, two University students from Dresden, are staying one night at the hotel.

Kirsten says it's a nice adventure. "You can always book a regular hotel room, anywhere. Sure, they are normally more luxurious," she says. "But this is an adventure and a real experience. We are in the middle of the forest, it is actually moving up here. It is really nice."

An eco-hotel in the middle of the Ecuadorian rainforest not only offers visitors a chance to escape city life, it's also a centre for wildlife research.

Humans aren't the hotel's only guests - they have to share their space with 32 species of hummingbirds.

The Mashpi Lodge nestles amid stunning scenery, while a resident biologist monitors the hundreds of different species of animals, birds and insects that live in the area.

But despite its remote location, three hours (if the weather is good) from the nearest city of Quito, guests at Mashpi can expect five star service.

All of the rooms look out into the dense forest canopy. Guests can see birds and nature from their beds. The bathrooms also have jungle views.

The hotel has been built with large glass windows and the dining room has panoramic views of the forest.

This precious eco-system was saved by the owners of the Mashpi Lodge hotel when they bought the land from a logging company 12 years ago.

Since then they have turned it into an exclusive destination for tourists who want to experience life away from it all.

AP Television

Zugspitzplatt, Germany - 18 February 2014

1. Two women entering Igloo village ('Iglu Dorf' in German) hotel at Zugspitzplatt near Garmisch-Partenkirchen in German Alps

2. Tilt down from igloo ceiling to restaurant

3. Tilt down from wall carving to bed in Romantic Plus room

4. Close of ice sculpture in Romantic Plus room

5. Close of corner of ice bed in Romantic Plus room

AP Television

Abu Dhabi Empty Quarter - October 31st, 2013

6. Wide of part of the hotel among the red sand dunes

7. Wide of hotel showing turreted buildings

8. Mid of sand dunes and turreted buildings

9. Wide of entrance to hotel

10. Wide of private pool outside hotel room

11. Wide of poolside

12. Mid of couple drinking cocktails

AP Television

Sir Yas Baniyas, Abu Dhabi - 9 March 2014

13. Wide animals against background of mountains

14. Mid Arabian gazelles and blackbuck

15. Wide Giraffes feeding amid other animals

16. Mid Oryx and gazelles

17. Close up of giraffes

18. Mid Cheetah

19. Various set ups of Marius Prinsloo, general manager of Sir Bani Yas Island

20. SOUNDBITE: (English): Marius Prinsloo, general manager of Sir Bani Yas Island:

"One of the visions of Sheikh Zayed was to create what he called at the time an Arabian ark. So he brought a lot of animals here and he wanted to create something for his people. So the island was primarily established to teach the people of the UAE the value of nature, the value of interacting with nature, the value of preserving and conserving natural habitats and animals."

21. Wide Trees and Sheikh's majilis or meeting house

22. Mid Inside entrance

23. Iron bath in bathroom

24. Tilt down bedroom

AP Television News

Zighy Bay, near Dibba, Musandam Peninusular, Oman - August 3, 2014

25. Tourist Danielle Hart running to edge of cliff to hang glide to resort of Zighy Bay

26. Driver taking road through mountains

26. Danielle landing on beach

AP Television

Berlin - 22 April 2014

26. Pan of exterior of "25hours Hotel Bikini Berlin"

27. Man walking along dark hallway

28. Close of illuminated room numbers

29. Close of Victory Colum in Berlin seen through hotel window, zoom out to man lying in hammock in hotel room

30. Pan of hotel room with bicycle mounted on wall, desk, television and bed

AP Television

Stockholm, Sweden, 12th September 2014

31. Wide of truck arriving with hotel container

32. Wide of crane moving container in place

33. Close of staff moving container in to place

34. Wide of door opening on container

35. Wide tracking shot of Scandic To Go guest, arriving

36. Pan from view to guest sitting on hotel veranda

AP Television

Yangpyeong, South Korea - October 11, 2014

37. Wide top shot of Yangpyeong Sang Sang glamping site

38. Mid of a glamping tent

39. Mid of a television inside tent

40. Wide interior of the tent

41. Mid of air conditioner in the tent

42. Mid of private bathroom in the tent with water

43. Close of water coming out of tap

AP Television

Zentendorf, Germany - July 8, 2014

44. Various wide of treehouse hotel

45. Wide of Kirsten and Ursinos in room

46. SOUNDBITE: (German) Lisa Kirsten, Treehouse hotel guest from Dresden:

"You can always book a regular hotel room, anywhere. Sure, they are normally more luxurious. But this is an adventure and a real experience. We are in the middle of the forest, it is actually moving up here. It is really nice."

AP Television

Mashpi Reserve, Ecuador - January 15, 2014

47. Close of hummingbird on twig

48. Hummingbird on twig

49. Close of hummingbirds feeding from sugar water

50. Wide pan right of bedroom

51. Close pull focus of fruit bowl to forest

52. Mid shot of bathroom overlooking forest

53. Wide high shot Mashpi Lodge hotel (seen from observation tower)

54. Wide pan left of Mashpi Lodge and the Mashpi cloud forest