SHOTLIST:

1. Exterior of Berlin detention facility where Egon Krenz was held

2. Shot of Krenz through window of office

3. Krenz with his lawyer walking out of facility

4. SOUNDBITE (German): Egon Krenz, former East German head of state:

"I'm happy that I can be home on the twenty-fourth. On Christmas Eve it would have been my fourth anniversary here. I would have spent four years here. Now I can celebrate this evening (Christmas Eve) with my family. My wife was waiting forty-two years for the moment I would

have more to time to spend with her. Now she can expect me to take more care of the family."

5. Medium shot of Krenz

6. Side-on shot of Krenz

7. SOUNDBITE (German): Egon Krenz, former East German head of state:

"We could have prevented deaths and injuries to German people at the inter-German border. They happened because of the circumstances of the Cold War. I always gave my apologies and feelings to the relatives of the victims. Therefore I didn't need a trial, nor four years in prison. I was certain the deaths were unnecessary, even during the times when we made policy and lived in the GDR (German Democratic Republic). But the former GDR was not the only one responsible for the rules of the Cold War."

8. Krenz walks away

9. Krenz steps into car

10. Krenz's car leaves site

STORYLINE:

Egon Krenz, East Germany's last Stalinist leader who allowed the historic opening of the Berlin Wall during a brief seven weeks in power, was released from jail on Thursday after serving nearly four years for the shooting deaths of East Germans trying to flee to the West during the Cold War.

An unsmiling Krenz, 66, emerged from the Ploetzensee Prison - where he has been serving a six-and-a-half year sentence on a manslaughter conviction - to a media crush but no protests at the early release of the highest former East German official convicted of crimes by the regime.

Although the last Wall death occurred months before Krenz took power, he was held partly responsible for border deaths because, as a longtime member of the communist Politburo, he condoned the shoot-to-kill orders.

Krenz has long maintained his innocence, arguing all the way to the European Court of Human Rights that stopping citizens from fleeing the communist country broke no East German law. His arguments were rejected in 2001.

"Contrary to what has been said, I have always said it was a personal defeat for me that we were not in a position to prevent deaths and injuries at the border," Krenz said as he left prison, clutching a black overnight bag.

He added that "those were the circumstances of the Cold War. I have always expressed my sympathy and regret to relatives of the victims on this question. But I didn't need a trial for that. I didn't need four years."

About one-thousand people were killed trying to cross the Berlin Wall and other heavily fortified stretches of Germany's east-west border between 1961 and the 1989 fall of the Wall. The last person killed was 20-year-old Chris Gueffroy, who was shot in February 1989 as tried to reach West Berlin.

Hundreds of former East German border guards and officials have been convicted since German reunification in 1990 for shootings along the former border. Most received suspended sentences.

Krenz's sentence allowed him to leave jail to work during the day as an economic adviser at a German start-up airline, but he had to return to his cell every night. He was paroled because he had served nearly two-thirds of his sentence, as allowed under German law, and has behaved well in prison, according to Berlin justice spokeswoman Annette Grabbe.

Krenz said he intended to return to a home in the town of Ribnitz-Damgarten on the Baltic coast near Rostock, where he would spend Christmas with his family and begin work on his memoirs.

Under the communist regime, Krenz served in a succession of senior posts from 1973 until shortly after the fall of the Berlin Wall on November 9, 1989.

He served for only 49 days as East Germany's leader after replacing the long-serving Erich Honecker, who was ousted amid mounting demonstrations demanding reforms and freedom to travel.

Krenz's hardline Politburo was replaced in December 1989 by a reform-oriented caretaker government led by Hans Modrow, a moderate communist, which paved the way for the country's first democratic elections in March 1990.

Two West Berlin youths stage a hunger strike at the Berlin Wall where Paul Schultz was killed.

+++NIGHT SHOTS+++

1. ms wall grave of Schultz

2. ms sign on wall about protest

3. vs of the students

4. ms students walk round grave

5. mcu and pan up grave of Schultz

Film: Neg - Sound: Mute - B&W - NYFilm: a0002464 - LN Number: LN32924 - Available in HD

Former East German first lady Margot Honecker's body was cremated in the Chilean capital Santiago on Saturday.

Honecker had defended East Germany, the now-vanished Communist country, to the end.

She died Friday in Chile at age 89.

A handful of family and friends gathered at a crematorium in Santiago. A floral arrangement with the communist symbol, the hammer and sickle, was displayed prominently at the entrance.

Honecker had lived since 1992 in Chile, three years after the toppling of the Berlin Wall signalled the impending collapse of the socialist government. Her husband, Erich Honecker, died in 1994 after joining her in Chile.

Honecker, who remained unrepentant about the country's record of repression, had been education minister and dictated what children in rigidly orthodox East Germany learned for 26 years.

She said youngsters must defend socialism "if necessary with a weapon in the hand," and one of her pet projects was field trips by kindergarten children to military bases.

Born Margot Feist in the eastern city of Halle on 17 April, 1927, Honecker grew up in a poor family. She trained as a saleswoman before taking a job as a telephone operator.

She became a member of the Communist Party in 1945, and then rose through the ranks of the communist youth organization, the Free German Youth.

In 1950, at age 22, she became the youngest lawmaker in the fledgling East German parliament. She married Erich Honecker in 1953.

She started work at the Education Ministry in 1955 and rose to become minister in 1963 under then-leader Walter Ulbricht. Erich Honecker, who supervised the 1961 construction of the Berlin Wall, succeeded Ulbricht in 1971.

Margot Honecker resigned shortly before the Wall fell in November 1989, with the communist system in crisis and her husband already ousted as East German leader.

Two months after Germany reunified in October 1990, Berlin authorities charged Erich Honecker with manslaughter for ordering shootings along the heavily fortified east-west border.

The couple took refuge in a Soviet military hospital outside Berlin, and on March 13, 1991, they were spirited to Moscow — an embarrassment to the German government.

In a joint television interview two months later, Margot Honecker complained of a "witch hunt" against the couple and said their names had been "dragged through the mud."

The Soviet Union's collapse sent the couple fleeing again, to the Chilean Embassy in Moscow. The couple had friends in the South American country who had found refuge in East Germany during Chile's right-wing dictatorship.

Erich Honecker left the embassy in July 1992 and returned to Berlin for trial.

Margot Honecker traveled to Chile, where their daughter, Sonja, lived. In early 1993 a court halted the proceedings against Erich Honecker because of his spreading liver cancer.

Some Germans demanded that charges be filed against Margot Honecker for allegedly ordering forced adoptions of children from families considered enemies of the state in her time as education minister. But no such charges were filed.

Former East German first lady Margot Honecker's body was cremated in the Chilean capital Santiago on Saturday.

Honecker had defended East Germany, the now-vanished Communist country, to the end.

She died Friday in Chile at age 89.

A handful of family and friends gathered at a crematorium in Santiago. A floral arrangement with the communist symbol, the hammer and sickle, was displayed prominently at the entrance.

Honecker had lived since 1992 in Chile, three years after the toppling of the Berlin Wall signalled the impending collapse of the socialist government. Her husband, Erich Honecker, died in 1994 after joining her in Chile.

Honecker, who remained unrepentant about the country's record of repression, had been education minister and dictated what children in rigidly orthodox East Germany learned for 26 years.

She said youngsters must defend socialism "if necessary with a weapon in the hand," and one of her pet projects was field trips by kindergarten children to military bases.

Born Margot Feist in the eastern city of Halle on 17 April, 1927, Honecker grew up in a poor family. She trained as a saleswoman before taking a job as a telephone operator.

She became a member of the Communist Party in 1945, and then rose through the ranks of the communist youth organization, the Free German Youth.

In 1950, at age 22, she became the youngest lawmaker in the fledgling East German parliament. She married Erich Honecker in 1953.

She started work at the Education Ministry in 1955 and rose to become minister in 1963 under then-leader Walter Ulbricht. Erich Honecker, who supervised the 1961 construction of the Berlin Wall, succeeded Ulbricht in 1971.

Margot Honecker resigned shortly before the Wall fell in November 1989, with the communist system in crisis and her husband already ousted as East German leader.

Two months after Germany reunified in October 1990, Berlin authorities charged Erich Honecker with manslaughter for ordering shootings along the heavily fortified east-west border.

The couple took refuge in a Soviet military hospital outside Berlin, and on March 13, 1991, they were spirited to Moscow — an embarrassment to the German government.

In a joint television interview two months later, Margot Honecker complained of a "witch hunt" against the couple and said their names had been "dragged through the mud."

The Soviet Union's collapse sent the couple fleeing again, to the Chilean Embassy in Moscow. The couple had friends in the South American country who had found refuge in East Germany during Chile's right-wing dictatorship.

Erich Honecker left the embassy in July 1992 and returned to Berlin for trial.

Margot Honecker traveled to Chile, where their daughter, Sonja, lived. In early 1993 a court halted the proceedings against Erich Honecker because of his spreading liver cancer.

Some Germans demanded that charges be filed against Margot Honecker for allegedly ordering forced adoptions of children from families considered enemies of the state in her time as education minister. But no such charges were filed.

Santiago - 7 May 2016

1. Various of mourners gathered for funeral of former East German first lady Margot Honecker

2. Honecker's coffin and wreath in hearse

3. Coffin being removed from car; Roberto Yanez, Hoecker's grandson (wearing red shirt) in background

4. Various of family members gathered around coffin

5. Close of red carnations

6. Mourners hugging

7. Coffin being transported to crematorium, friends and family following

8. Mourners walking past floral tribute in shape of hammer and sickle, a Communist symbol

9. Various of coffin being transported to crematorium, followed by mourners

10. Eduardo Contreras, Communist human rights lawyer, walking inside crematorium

11. Exterior of crematorium

Story relates to shooting of 18 year old Peter Fechter by East German guards as he tried to escape to West Berlin.

Disclaimer: British Movietone is an historical collection. Any views and expressions within either the video or metadata of the collection are reproduced for historical accuracy and do not represent the opinions or editorial policies of the Associated Press.

SHOTLIST:

LS of smoke rising beside the Berlin Wall. East German guards seen through crack in wall with barbed wire in foreground. Pan across crowds of people beside the wall - West Berliners demonstrating. LS of body being carried away from wall - soldiers run with the body. LS of large crowd of people gathered on wasteland. CU of sign for Friedrichstrasse. LS group of people around memorial for Peter Fechter. CU of wooden cross. Young man kneels in prayer. LS of area beside wall with guard patrolling. LS of guards making crowds move along. LS of bus with Russian troops aboard passing camera. Crowds throw missiles and wave fists at bus. LS of road with people running after bus. Arrests are made. LS of Kommandatura Berlin. LS of Willy Brandt leaving building and getting into car. British commandant and French commandant leave. GV Checkpoint Charlie. MS USA ambulance.

Aftermath of the shooting at the Checkpoint Charlie in West Berlin, bullet holes in walls and windows.

1. gv car arrives at Checkpoint Charlie

2. gv Checkpoint Charlie

3. mcu "Allied Checkpoint" sign

4. mcu "Leaving American Section" sign

5. ms soldier points to bullet holes

6. cu bullet hole

7. Checkpoint Charlie sign, tilt to broken window

8. cu taped bullet hole in the window, tilt to street

9. gv Berlin Wall

Film: Rev - Sound: Mute - Colour - NYFilm: c0032144 - LN Number: LN39940 - Available in HD

SHOTLIST:

635113

Funeral of commander Hamas says was killed by Israel

AP TELEVISION

Yarmouk camp - 29 Jan 2010

1. Wide of poster with pictures of killed Palestinian leaders, pan to poster of Hamas commander Mahmoud al-Mabhouh

2. Palestinians carrying coffin with body of al-Mabhouh in Yarmouk refugee camp near Damascus

3. Zoom out of Hamas emblem on green cloth draped over coffin

637814

Hamas legislator accuses Mossad of killing of al-Mabhouh

AP TELEVISION

Gaza City, 20 Feb 2010

4. SOUNDBITE (Arabic) Salah Bardawil, Hamas legislator:

"We hold the Zionist Mossad direct responsible for the assassination of martyr Mabhouh on Arab land; and they should bear all the consequences for this crime sooner or later."

632603

Israel strikes smuggling tunnels, Hamas sites; three killed

AP TELEVISION

Various, 8 Jan 2010

Rafah, near Gaza's border with Egypt

++NIGHT SHOTS++

5. Various of skyline, AUDIO: loud explosions, as smuggling tunnels are reportedly targeted

Gaza City

++NIGHT SHOTS++

6 People at scene

Rafah, near Gaza's border with Egypt

++NIGHT SHOTS++

7. Dead man being wheeled away, now covered

Khan Younis area, southern Gaza strip

++DAY SHOTS++

8. Pan of debris, people looking through it

633776

Merkel, Netanyahu photo op before joint Cabinet session, protest

AP TELEVISION

Berlin - 18 Jan 2010

9. Various of family photo of German and Israeli cabinet ministers

10. Wide of anti-Israeli protesters in front of German Chancellery

634334

Clashes at protests over separation barrier

AP TELEVISION

West Bank/Jerusalem - 22 Jan 2010

Jerusalem

11. Wide of protesters with one man chanting slogans in Hebrew and another holding up sign reading: (English) "Stop the Occupation"

12. Police pushing protesters back

Bilin, West Bank

13. Protesters chanting

14. Soldiers firing tear gas canisters which land among protesters

15. Protesters in a cloud of tear gas

639281

Police clash with Muslims at holy site

AP TELEVISION

Jerusalem, 5 Mar 2010

16. Wide of huge crowd of protesters at al-Aqsa mosque compound, marching, chanting and waving flags

17. Reverse shots of march, dome of al-Aqsa mosque in background

18. Various of protesters in compound, some throwing rocks at advancing police

19. Protesters throwing rocks towards police in gateway

20. Police in riot gear firing stun grenades and tear gas, advancing in groups towards protesters in mosque compound AUDIO: explosions

21. Various of police and protesters in alley, protesters throwing stones, police firing stun grenades

STORYLINE:

On January 29th 2010 more than two-thousand Palestinians attended the funeral of a Hamas commander, which the Palestinian militant group said was assassinated by Israeli agents.

Hamas claimed that Israel assassinated one of its veteran operatives in a killing allegedly carried out the previous week in Dubai, and vowed to retaliate.

The militant group identified its slain figure as Mahmoud al-Mabhouh, one of the founders of Hamas' military wing.

Hamas blamed Israel for the slaying but gave no details on the alleged Israeli involvement.

Israel's government had no immediate comment.

The 50-year-old al-Mabhouh was buried at the Palestinian refugee camp of Yarmouk, near Damascus.

Al-Mabhouh's coffin was wrapped in a green Hamas flag and a large portrait of him was placed at the entrance to the mosque with the words: "Your fingerprints are everywhere ... we promise to continue in your path."

Earlier in the day, Izzat Rashaq, a top member of Hamas' exiled leadership in Damascus, told the Associated Press that details of his alleged assassination have not been released to avoid compromising an ongoing investigation.

He said Hamas' delayed announcement was linked to an attempt to "reach the Israeli agents who implemented this operation."

An official in Hamas' media office in Damascus, said al-Mabhouh had been "poisoned and electrocuted in his hotel room in Dubai."

He did not elaborate.

Al-Mabhouh lived in Syria and was passing through Dubai when he was killed late January 19th or early January 20th, Rashaq said.

Originally from the Gaza Strip, al-Mabhouh was married and had four children, he said.

"We in Hamas hold the Zionist enemy responsible for the criminal assassination of our brother, and we pledge to God and to the blood of the martyrs and to our people to continue his path of jihad and martyrdom," read the statement on Hamas' Palestinian Information Centre Web site.

The group pledged to "retaliate for this Zionist crime at the appropriate time and place."

The Hamas statement said al-Mabhouh was involved in the kidnapping and killing of two Israeli soldiers in 1989 and that he was still playing a "continuous role in supporting his brothers in the resistance inside the occupied homeland" at the time of his death.

In Dubai, officials could not be immediately reached for comment.

Hamas rules the Gaza strip, but has leaders and operatives based in Damascus, Syria and elsewhere because of being under threat by Israel.

The group's members abroad have been targeted in the past.

The Mossad, Israel's intelligence arm abroad, never openly discusses its operations and Israel's government typically does not comment on incidents in which the Mossad's involvement is suspected.

****

On February 20th a Hamas legislator said that the Islamist movement holds Mossad "direct responsible" for the assassination of Mahmoud al-Mabhouh in a Dubai hotel room in January.

"They should bear all the consequences for this crime sooner or later," Salah Bardawil told reporters in Gaza City.

Israel has declined to confirm or deny Mossad's involvement, offering only vague statements that deflect the issue amid international pressure over the alleged use of European passports by Israeli agents.

Deputy Foreign Minister Danny Ayalon said Saturday there was no evidence that Israel was involved in the killing.

Dubai police have blamed Mossad and named 11 suspects who apparently travelled to Dubai on European passports.

Two Palestinians also are being held in Dubai on suspicion they helped the assassins.

The assassination also triggered accusations between the rival factions Hamas and Fatah, which have long competed for influence in the Palestinian territories.

Gaza's Hamas rulers and the moderate Fatah party that governs the West Bank traded allegations that members of each group collaborated with the spy agency but both hold Israel responsible for the assassination itself.

Two Palestinians also are being held in Dubai on suspicion they helped the assassins.

Bardawil also said al-Mabhouh exposed himself to attack when he breached security protocol by talking about his trip over the phone and making hotel reservations on the Internet.

The methodical stalking and killing of al-Mabhouh has put Hamas on the defensive over purported security lapses.

****

On January 8th Israeli airstrikes against smuggling tunnels in the Gaza strip killed three men, according to Palestinians.

Doctor Salam Abu Salem of Rafah Hospital said the bodies of two men killed when missiles hit a tunnel under the Gaza-Egypt border had reached his hospital.

An AP Television News cameraman saw a third body being removed later from the same tunnel.

The military said the sites targeted by its aircraft included a weapons manufacturing facility and another tunnel meant to allow militants to sneak into Israel for an attack.

On January 7th, Israeli aircraft dropped leaflets over Gaza, warning residents to stay away from tunnels and border areas.

The Israeli strikes comes after a rocket and mortar barrage was launched against Israel by Gaza militants and amid growing tensions over Egypt's construction of an underground steel wall, that could seal Gaza's southern border and block hundreds of smuggling tunnels, depriving Gaza's Hamas rulers of their only lifeline.

Clashes between Hamas loyalists and Egyptian troops at the border, left an Egyptian soldier dead and more than a dozen Gazans hurt.

The tunnels along the border with Egypt are vital for Gaza which is running low on clean water, power, food, medicine and other supplies.

Apart from commercial goods and food provisions, the tunnels are a way to bring cash and allegedly weapons for Hamas as well.

The Israel-Gaza border has been relatively calm since Israel's military offensive in Gaza a year ago.

However, low-level friction persists, with Gaza militants firing some rockets and mortars, and Israel responding with air strikes.

****

On January 18th Israel's government convened for the first time in Berlin, the former heart of the Nazi regime for a special joint session with the German government, highlighting the nations' bond six decades after the Holocaust.

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu was met at the German Chancellery by German Chancellor Angela Merkel.

High on the agenda will be Germany's push to win the release of a captive Israeli soldier held by Hamas militants and its efforts to curb Iran's nuclear ambitions.

Environmental issues, economic cooperation and efforts to restart the Middle East peace process are also to be discussed.

German police stepped up security in the centre of Berlin ahead of Monday's joint session.

The historic joint session was originally scheduled for late November, but was put off at the last moment when Netanyahu fell ill with a viral infection and a light fever.

Six (m) million Jews perished in the Nazi Holocaust, and Israel was established three years after the end of World War II.

Over the years, Germany has paid 39.4 (b) billion USD in compensation to Holocaust survivors in Israel, some 250-thousand of whom are still alive.

Some Israelis still refuse to buy German-made goods or visit Germany.

But since the two countries established diplomatic ties in 1965, Germany has become perhaps Israel's strongest ally in Europe.

Germany is Israel's third-largest trade partner after the US and China.

The Germans have also played a leading role as a Middle East mediator and in efforts to halt Iranian nuclear ambitions.

A small group of Palestinians demonstrated in front of the meeting venue.

Mohammad el Hussai, a Palestinian protester said they were protesting to "draw attention to us Palestinians in Gaza".

Another Palestinian protester said she was disappointed that Israel was quick to help with the relief effort in Haiti, but not in Gaza.

"We're here because we're against the complete embargo against Gaza. Only interrupting it with few imported tonnes is not going to solve the situation," Naheid Samour said.

"It is awful to see how Israelis are now helping in Haiti, but they're not able to help and re-build in Gaza."

****

On January 22nd dozens of protesters clashed with police during a protest against the eviction of Palestinians from their homes in East Jerusalem.

In recent weeks, Israeli settlers have evicted families from several houses in Sheik Jarrah, a neighbourhood in East Jerusalem.

Both sides claim ownership of the properties.

The status of East Jerusalem is one of the most explosive issues in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.

Israel took control of East Jerusalem in the 1967 Mideast war and annexed it, but the move was not recognised by any other country.

Since then, Israel has boosted the Jewish presence there, building neighbourhoods where about 180-thousand Jews now live.

The Palestinians want East Jerusalem as the capital of their hoped-for state.

Organisations linked to the Jewish West Bank settlement movement have also bought properties inside Palestinian neighbourhoods in Jerusalem and moved in Israeli residents.

In a separate protest protesters clashed with Israeli soldiers during a weekly demonstration against Israel's separation barrier near the West Bank town of Bilin.

A group of Palestinian, Israeli and foreign activists marched towards the barrier carrying flags and banners. Some threw stones towards the Israeli soldiers on the other side, who fired teargas to disperse them.

Palestinians have been staging weekly demonstrations to protest the barrier's route, which crosses through their villages, cutting farmers off from hundreds of acres of agricultural fields.

Israel says the barrier is needed to stop Palestinian militants from crossing into Israel to carry out attacks. Palestinians call it a land grab because parts of it jut deep into the West Bank, cutting them off from territory they claim for a future state.

Israel began building the nearly 500-mile (800-kilometre) barrier in 2002 and it is about two-thirds complete.

The Israeli government has classified the areas where troops have clashed frequently and increasingly violently with protesters as as closed military zones.

****

On March 5th clashes erupted between Muslim worshippers and Israeli riot police at one of the most sensitive holy sites in Jerusalem.

A Palestinian woman was hit in the head with a rubber bullet during the clashes and was hospitalised in serious condition, an Israeli hospital spokesman said.

A huge crowd of worshippers had gathered for Friday prayers at the al-Aqsa mosque in Jerusalem's Old City.

Always tense, the compound has recently seen sporadic clashes linked at least in part to the Israeli decision.

The move's practical ramifications are unclear, but Palestinians see it as a provocation.

The clashes followed a mosque sermon on the Israeli government decision, said an official with the Muslim clerical authority that administers the compound.

According to Israeli police, some of the worshippers threw stones at policemen and at Jews praying below at the Jewish shrine known as the Western Wall.

Israeli riot-control forces waiting outside the compound went in to restore order, using stun grenades and tear gas to disperse the crowd, said police spokesman Micky Rosenfeld.

Palestinian medics reported 13 injuries, one of them with a serious head wound from a rubber bullet.

A spokesman for Jerusalem's Hadassah Medical Centre confirmed that a woman was brought to hospital in a serious condition with a rubber bullet wound in the head.

Israeli police denied using rubber bullets to disperse the crowd.

Rosenfeld said 15 police officers had been injured and five taken to hospital.

Other Muslim worshippers intervened to try to defuse the clashes, and police eventually withdrew in coordination with the Muslim clerics who administer the compound, police said.

German/Nat

East Germany's last Communist leader and two of his comrades have been convicted of manslaughter in the shooting deaths of citizens trying to flee over the Berlin Wall to the West.

A Berlin court sentenced Egon Krenz to six years in prison on Monday.

The verdict marks the first time former members of the East German political hierarchy have been held accountable for the hundreds of people killed at the East German border.

Many people welcomed the sentences, but Krenz maintains his innocence.

The trial of Egon Krenz, East Germany's last communist leader, and two of his Socialist Party comrades has drawn a lot of media and public attention.

A Berlin court on Monday convicted Krenz and his two comrades of manslaughter in the shooting deaths of citizens trying to flee to the West.

Krenz was convicted of four counts of manslaughter and sentenced to six-and-a-half years in prison.

Considered a high flight risk, Krenz was taken into custody immediately.

The sentence was considerably less than the 11 years prosecutors had asked for against the 60-year-old Krenz.

Many people who had gathered outside the courtroom complained it was too light.

Former East Berlin communist chief Guenter Schabowski, 67, and economics expert Guenter Kleiber, 65, were convicted of three counts of manslaughter each and sentenced to three years in prison.

They were allowed to remain free pending appeals.

It is the first time members of the former East Germany hierarchy have been held accountable for the hundreds of people killed trying to flee across the border.

Authorities say at least 916 people were killed trying to escape during East Germany's 41 years of existence, including 80 at the Wall.

East German communists erected the Berlin Wall in 1961.

A border zone was created with watchtowers, electrified barbed-wire fences and guards with machine guns and attack dogs.

Krenz succeeded longtime communist boss Erich Honecker in October 1989, but gave into public pressure to open the Wall a month later.

He was thrown out of the Communist Party two months later.

Charges were brought earlier against Honecker, but he was eventually declared physically unfit for trial and died in Chilean exile in 1994.

This trial is likely to be the last high-profile proceeding against former East German leaders, since most other major figures have either died or have been declared physically unfit for trial.

Other trials since the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 have dealt only with border guards and military leaders.

Reaction to the verdict was on the whole positive.

But, Krenz still maintains his innocence.

Following the verdict Krenz's son, Carsten read a statement from his father.

SOUNDBITE: (German)

"I'm not condemned, because of any crime, but because of my position

in the GDR. After 115 days in court, no evidence was found that I'm responsible or calculated the deaths of people. Nevertheless, they banged me behind federal German bars contradictory to right and law. That's political despotism."

SUPER CAPTION: Carsten Krenz, son of Egon Krenz

Prosecutors were happy with the verdict, but say that more has to be done to bring those involved in the killings to justice.

SOUNDBITE: (German)

"We demand other legal proceedings which the court didn't accept. There can't be complete satisfaction, but I'm happy that the guilty got accepted as demanded."

SUPER CAPTION: Christoph Schaefgen, public prosecutor

This man survived an attempted escape across the border, but not unscarred.

SOUNDBITE: (German)

Q: "With what kind of feeling are you driving home now?"

A: "With a feeling of satisfaction, that the responsible for the horrible killings are held responsible, that the right persevered over wrong."

SUPER CAPTION: Klaus Peter Eich, Victim

Crosses bearing the names of Berlin Wall victims hung on a fence near the courtroom - a reminder of the hundreds of innocent people who suffered under the communist regime.

Berlin, Germany - August 25, 1997 and file

1. Wide shot of court

2. Close up Egon Krenz arriving at the court

3. Man shouting "murderer" at Krenz

4. Various Egon Krenz surrounded by press

5. Guenter Kleiber arriving at court

6. Guenter Schabowski checking in to court

POOL

7. Wide shot pan court room

8. Pan from hands to Guenter Kleiber's face

9. Close shot Egon Krenz in the court room

10. Mid shot Guenter Schabowski in the court room

11. Judges entering courtroom

File

12. Various of Berlin wall, watchtowers

13. File shot of Erich Honecker in court - pan to Erich Mierke, former Stasi chief

14. Close up Mierke

APTV

14. Wide shot press

15. SOUNDBITE: (German) Carsten Krenz, son of Egon Krenz

16. Wide shot press outside courtroom

17. SOUNDBITE: (German) Christoph Schaefgen, public prosecutor

18. Backshot press

19. Kleiber surrounded by press following verdict

20. Set up shot victim, Klaus Peter Eich

21. SOUNDBITE: (German) Klaus Peter Eich, victim

22. Cross for people, who died at the East German border

23. Wide shot of same

24. Close up another cross for Berlin Wall victims

German/Nat

Germany's appeal court has upheld manslaughter convictions against East Germany's last communist leader for the fatal shootings of people trying to flee to the West.

Egon Krenz and two former colleagues in the ruling East German Politburo, Guenther Kleiber and Guenter Schabowski, had asked the court to overturn their 1997 manslaughter convictions and sentences.

The ruling by Germany's highest federal appeals court comes a day before the nation marks the 10th anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall.

Egon Krenz's fate was decided at Germany's highest appeals court in Leipzig on Monday.

He was appealing against his 1997 conviction and six-and-a-half-year sentence.

Krenz led East Germany for six weeks during the turbulent autumn of 1989 and earlier was a top official in the communist regime.

During his appeal trial, he testified that he was unable to influence the shoot-to-kill border policy because East Germany was a satellite of the former Soviet Union.

He also argued a united Germany had no right to prosecute him for events that happened in another country.

But the court rejected this argument.

Nearly one-thousand people were killed trying to cross the barrier and the heavily fortified border to West Germany after the Berlin Wall was erected in 1961.

Chief Judge Monika Harms said "it was in their own interests to maintain the border system, so they just accepted that the death of refugees would come along with that."

Krenz called the verdict "a political decision" timed to coincide with the Berlin Wall anniversary.

SOUNDBITE: (German)

"I didn't expect another verdict but I am disappointed about the reasons that they gave for reaching this decision, because it is in the spirit of the Cold War and on the eve before November the 9th, the verdict is the verdict of a court which is represented only by West German lawyers."

SUPER CAPTION: Egon Krenz, Former East German leader

Lesser jail terms were also upheld against two Politburo members, Guenter Schabowski and Guenther Kleiber.

They were sentenced to three years on three specimen counts of manslaughter

Kleiber said he would not fight the decision and says he has accepted moral responsibility for what happened.

SOUNDBITE: (German)

"I am not going to take this any further. I accept the verdict because I declared during the trial that I feel politically and morally responsible. I accept it and I will wait for the sentencing."

SUPER CAPTION: Guenther Kleiber, Former Politburo member

Krenz has said he would take his case to the European Court of Justice if the conviction were upheld, but an appeal to that court would not prevent him from being jailed in Germany.

The men were not taken immediately into custody.

The Berlin court that convicted them was expected to set a date in the coming

weeks for them to report to prison.

XFA Leipzig and Berlin, Germany - 8 November 1999 and file

Leipzig - Nov 8

1. Exterior court

2. Egon Krenz entering court room, he is given red rose

3. Close up Krenz

4. Pan of court to Krenz and media

5. Judges sitting down coming in, doors are closed

Berlin - File 1971

6. Various of Berlin Wall dividing city, barriers, barbed wire and watch towers

Berlin - File 1995

7. Krenz walking up to court surrounded by media and communist supporters

Leipzig

7. Egon Krenz after decision has been announced

8. SOUNDBITE: (German) Egon Krenz, East Germany's last communist leader

9. Krenz with media

Berlin - File 1997

10. Guenther Kleiber arriving in court being asked questions by journalists

Leipzig

11. Kleiber talking to journalist

12. SOUNDBITE: (German) Guenther Kleiber, Former Politburo member (also charged with Krenz)

13. Egon Krenz surrounding by media

14. Zoom out of former GDR Defence Minister Heinz Kessler who attended hearing

Natural Sound

Germany's last communist leader has failed in his appeal against a manslaughter conviction.

Egon Krenz and two colleagues were convicted in 1997 for shooting dead citizens who were trying to flee across the East German border to the West.

The verdict comes as Germany gears up to celebrate the tenth anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall.

The ruling by Germany's highest federal appeals court upholds a six-and-a-half-year sentence against Krenz and three-year sentences against two of his colleagues.

But many in eastern Germany have opposed the trials of former communist leaders and border guards.

They say they were acting to uphold East German law and that a united Germany doesn't have the right to judge them.

Inside the courtroom, a clutch of elderly people were among the spectators who waited to hear the verdict.

They included former East German Defence Minister Heinz Kessler who has served four-and-a-half years of a seven-and-a-half-year sentence on charges of incitement to manslaughter.

Nearly 1-thousand people were killed trying to cross the heavily fortified border into West Germany after the Berlin Wall was erected in 1961.

Krenz led East Germany for six weeks during the turbulent autumn of 1989 and earlier was a top official in the communist regime.

He has described his trial as "victor's justice" and argues that united Germany has no right to prosecute him for events that took place in another country.

During his appeal trial, he testified that he was unable to influence the shoot-to-kill border policy because East Germany was a satellite of the former Soviet Union.

Since unification in 1990, hundreds of former East German border guards and officials have been convicted on charges related to shooting those trying to flee to the West.

Berlin, Germany - File - November, 1989

1. Krenz walking into court

2. Media scrum around Krenz

3. Krenz in court

4. AP Still of construction of wall, 1962

5. Border guards carrying shot victim from wall, 1962

6. Berlin Wall

7. Wall being knocked down, 1989

8. Close up of cross marking unknown victim of wall

9. Krenz leaving court

WORLD NEWS REVIEW 1983

Duration 44:44

Sound: Ch 1 M&E

00:00

Opening titles

USA

00:52

Ronald Reagan in jeep in flooded area.

Ronald Reagan filling sandbags

View over Berlin Wall

VP George Bush looking through binoculars over

Berlin Wall

Guard dogs in Neutral zone

George Bush getting into car

Letter to the people of Europe from President Reagan

George Bush holding up missile deployment chart

SWITZERLAND - Geneva

01:42

Superpower summit meeting

Delegates face each other across the table

USSR

02:06

Soviet Peace Demo

USSR (S Korean airliner shot down)

02:14

Helicopter flying over area where airliner was shot down

CS Debris being examined

South Koreans mourning on ship

South Korea - Russian flag being burned

USA

02:47

Ronald Reagan talking on National TV (SOF) with Soviet pilot tapes sound only

Soviet military press conference

CS Soviet pilot

People searching area where plane was shot down

SOUTH KOREA

03:37

President Chung Doo Hwan arriving on a state visit to Burma

Rangoon shrine

Bomb blast at shrine

People clearing debris

LEBANON (US Embassy Bombing)

04:15

Ambulance speeding

Bodies on stretchers being rushed into ambulance

Wrecked building

Signing of peace treaty between Israel and Lebanon

Dignitaries shake hands

On-lookers applaud

President Gemayel speaking to troops

Lebanese army parade

Israel's military vehicle making a retreat

05:12

Cannons firing in Chouf mountains overlooking Beirut

(Var) Battles between Lebanese army and the Druze Militia

(Var) International Peace Keeping Force watching Druze firing onto IPKF

US Battleship New Jersey at sea

US Marines on streets of Beirut

US Marine HQ after being bombed

Casualties being carried out

GV Beirut

French HQ after being bombed

People searching through the rubble

Casualties being carried away on stretchers

06:44

French President Mitterrand walking in crowd

A/V Israeli HQ after being bombed

Dead body in rubble

Palestinians walking up mountains

PLO leader Yasser Arafat saluting and smiling

(Tripoli)

G/V Tripoli in Northern Lebanon

Street fighting

Tanks on streets

Palestinian missile launchers firing

Casualties being rushed away

Casualties being treated

CS Yasser Arafat

SWITZERLAND - Geneva

08:10

(Var) Meeting of Lebanese warring factions

LEBANON

08:30

Funeral ceremony for American dead

CS Mourners

Pan along a line of coffins

CENTRAL AMERICA

08:51

US ships at sea

Jet flying

Jet landing on aircraft carrier

Soldiers training

NICARAGUA

09:07

Contras in jungle

(Var) Sandinista soldiers

Funeral of man killed by Contras

EL SALVADOR

09:44

(Var) US-backed government troops

Soldier stepping over dead men

Soldiers being trained

Helicopter landing and evacuating civilian refugees

Dead bodies of those killed by Right Wing death squads

GRENADA

10:33

Beach scenes

New airstrip

CS Premier Maurice Bishop

Civilians on truck

Crowd climbing over wall to escape army who were firing at them

Shallow grave prepared for Maurice Bishop

US dominated force arrives in Grenada

Helicopter landing

Troops on airstrip

11:40

US jets over Grenada

Man holds up US flag

Wrecked houses

Men clearing rubble at mental hospital bombed in error by the Americans

Blindfolded leaders of Coup being taken out of bus and entering jailhouse

Cuban construction workers sitting in crowd

Arms cache found by Americans

Ronald Reagan on TV talking about Grenada

CUBA

12:58

Officials welcoming back Cuban construction workers as heros

Fidel Castro shakes hands with CW

CS Castro

Casualties being helped off plane

Celebrating Grenadans

Soldiers on the streets

SOUTH AFRICA (1,000km Marathon)

13:48

(Var) Marathon runners

14:16

Richard Nobel breaks land speed record

Richard Nobel beside Rocket car

Rocket car breaking the land speed record

SPACE (Shuttle Challenger's Maiden Voyage)

14:36

Space Shuttle Challenger on Maiden Voyage

Space Shuttle Challenger on take-off

Satellite launch from Challenger

Open hatch of Challenger

Astronauts in $2m space suits outside space craft

Challenger as filmed from a satellite

15:21

MS Astronaut Sally Ride

Communications satellite being launched

Astronauts in capsule

4th Shuttle crew waving to crowd

Soviet Rocket take off

Salyut-7 space station

Capsule docking with Salyut-7

Cosmonauts Vladimir Lyakhov and Alexander Alexandrov in Salyut-7

NATURAL DISASTERS

HAWAII

16:52

(Var) Volcanic eruption and lava flow

JAPAN

17:04

Blocked road after volcanic landslide

ITALY

17:10

Priest holding pic of Virgin Mary and praying on bridge

USA - California

17:16

Corlinga Quake

Wrecked houses

Firemen clearing wreckage

TURKEY

17:23

Erzrum Earthquake

(Var) Devastated village

Injured being carried from rubble

Dead bodies

Woman mourning

People consoling each other

Dead children

Women wailing in midst of rubble

WEATHER

USSR (Mamawk)

17:56

Flowers

Street scene

(NE Siberia)

18:03

Soviet Merchant Fleet trapped in ice

The Leonid Brezhnev Icebreaker at work

(Var) Trapped ships

ICELAND

18:24

Canoeists under icebergs

Microlights navigating for canoeists

Flood scenes (various locations)

FLOODS

USA - California

19:20

Car along flooded street

Var dramatic shots for waves through buildings

Shack collapsing into river

Man saving small dog

LATIN AMERICA

19:30

AV Flooded towns and villages

Devastated wooden houses

AFRICA (Drought)

19:56

Dead animals on var. scorched landscape

Withering crop fields

ETHIOPIA

20:23

Emaciated children in hospital

Supplies of grain being rationed out

(Var) Hungry children

LS Fields being ploughed

AUSTRALIA (Forest Fires)

21:34

LS Forest fires

Damaged houses

People watching as houses burn

Various shots of forest fires

Fire trucks rushing to scene

(Pan across) bombed out truck

22:05

Prince of Wales (arriving at scene) shaking hands with firemen

Princess of Wales meeting survivors and firemen

Photocall, Charles and Diana with Australian

Premier Bob Hawke and wife

USA - California

22:37

Queen descends from plane and is greeted by Ronald Reagan and Nancy

MS Ronald Reagan and Nancy and Queen

Photocall, Ronald Reagan, Nancy Reagan, Queen and Duke of Edinburgh

LS Waterfall

CENTRAL AMERICA (Pope's Visit)

22:58

Motorcade

Pope on walkabout

Pope in motorcade waving to crowd

COSTA RICA

23:15

Lights fail at Pope's open air mass

Pope seated

NICARAGUA

22:28

Pope speaking to crowd

Pope being heckled by demonstrators

Demonstrators with placards

GUATEMALA

23:51

Pope with head in hands

Pope kisses ground

MS Pope with President Efrain Rios Montt

CMS Pope

Montt speaks to crowd

Firework display

Pope speaking to crowd

Orchestra of xylophones playing dance music

Guatemalan indians

Pope speaking to crowd

Crowd of indians listening

POLAND

24:49

Riots on streets (Var)

Funeral procession

Mourners weeping

Pope on aircraft steps

Lech Walesa watching pope's arrival on TV

(Var) Lech Walesa fishing

Celebrations after Lech Walesa wins Nobel Peace Prize

People throwing flowers at celebrations

Lech Walesa speaking to crowd from a window

TURKEY (Election)

26:23

President Kenan Evren saluting military parade

People visiting

New Premier Turgut Ozal speaking to crowd

CYPRUS (Turks declare Independence for Northern Greece)

26:58

Crowd with placards

Rauf Denktash seated at desk

Greeks demonstrate

Glavcos Clerides (Greek Leader) speaking at the United Nations.

JAPAN (Bribe Scandal)

27:15

Former Premier Kakuei Tanaka walking towards camera

ISRAEL (Begin Retires)

27:30

Menachem Begin

MB getting into car

FRANCE

27:41

Police vans carrying Klaus Barbie (Nazi war criminal)

Lyon jail

(War Diaries)

27:52

Page from diaries

Publisher holding up diaries

Barrel organist

EUROPE (Political Changes)

AUSTRIA

28:14

Ex-chancellor Bruno Kreisky speaking on a podium

PORTUGAL

28:28

Torchlight procession

CS Premier Mario Soares after being re-elected

ITALY

28:39

New Premier Bettino Craxi walking with officials

WEST GERMANY

28:51

New chancellor Helmut Kohl in crowd

FRANCE

28:59

Water cannon firing on rioters

Crowd running after tear gas canisters were fired

Water cannons

Line of riot police

BELGIUM - Liege

29:17

Cyclist along street filled with rubbish

Refuse truck standing idle

Housewives complaining

Workers on hunger strike

Women throwing water over rotting rubbish

USA

29:41

Queue for job centre

Job counter

Gardeners working

(Var) Soup Kitchens

BRAZIL

30:17

(Var) People search rubbish tips

(Ext) International Monetary Fund building

(Int) International Monetary Fund in session

IMF symbol

ARGENTINA

30:56

Street scene

Bank exterior

Money being counted

MEXICO

31:09

Demonstrations over financial restraints

BRAZIL

31:22

Troops in riot gear

Demonstration over financial restraints

Front page of Brazilian newspaper

Troops firing on looters

Looted shop

Troops battling with crowd

BRAZIL - Sao Paulo

31:52

Buses being turned over by rioters

Man with pickaxe

Bus being set on fire

Burning tyre

BRAZIL - Rio de Janeiro

32:07

(Var) Burning train

ARGENTINA

32:25

Military parade

Generals on podium

Crowd chanting and drumming

New Premier Raul Alfonsin speaking to the crowd

CHILE

33:01

General Pinochet in motorcade

Women throwing water over crowd

Anti-Pinochet demo

Troops firing on protest

(Var) troops clashing with protesters

Water cannon

Protesters being dragged away by police

Riot police charging

Funeral

Protesters chanting

PAKISTAN

33:57

Crowd throwing stones

Troops firing gas canisters

Protesters being arrested

Protesters being restrained

INDIA - Assam (Muslim Massacre)

34:22

Tribesmen with weapons

Dead bodies of Muslims

CS Bullet wounds

Dead children

(Var) Premier Mrs Gandhi walking with officials

Sikh officials

LS Golden Temple of Amristsar

SRI LANKA (Sinhalese/Tamil Conflicts)

35:08

Pan through streets of wrecked shops

Women with back wounds

Refuge station

Customs Point

Queues of fleeing Tamils

Bags being searched

People boarding boats

Passenger ships

PHILIPPINES

35:36

Funeral procession of Benigno Aquino aka Nindy

Airport passport check

American passport

Aquino on aircraft

Aquino surrounded by press as shot is heard

Alleged assassin on tarmac

Assassin's hand with bullets

Assassin surrounded by security guards

Aquino's body in coffin

People mourning

Coffin surrounded by mourners

Pro-Aquino demo

Demonstrators chanting

KAMPUCHEA/CAMBODIA

37:08

Gun emplacement

Soldiers running

Airborne fighter plane

Riflemen

Scout with binoculars

Injured being carried away

Lines of civilian refugees walking

(Var) Refugees fleeing

AFGHANISTAN

37:43

Anti-aircraft guns firing

(Var) Casualties

(Var) Tanks

Mujahaddin loading mortar

Rifles lined up against a wall

GULF WAR - IRAN/IRAQ

38:16

Iranian recruits

Helicopter

(Var) Anti-aircraft guns

Helicopter firing missiles

Dead in shallow grave

Dead civilians

Iranian oil installations

Oil slick

Oil tankers at sea

CHAD (War)

39:35

Tank

French troops cowering with tanks

Civilian on donkey

Anti-aircraft guns

Child firing mortars

Arms cache

NIGERIA (Eviction of all Aliens)

40:12

Busy port

People carrying their belongings

Border of Nigeria and Benin

President Alhaji Shehu Shagari alighting aeroplane

Shagari meeting officials

SOUTH AFRICA

40:41

Black protesters

White voters

PM Botha walking to podium after victory

(Striking Images)

41:10

Johannesburg building being demolished

British jet on Spanish liner

US carrier Enterprise being towed

(New Sport)

41:49

Up-ended wind tunnel with people floating in it

42:03

Robot playing organ

USA (Democratic Presidential Candidates)

42:19

3 candidates

CS Walter Mondale

MS John Glenn - former astronaut

CMS Jesse Jackson

USSR

42:58

Soviet Premier Yuri Andropov

JAPAN (Reagan's Visit)

43:10

Ronald Reagan meeting dignitaries

Ronald and Nancy Reagan walking

Japanese horsemen

SOUTH KOREA

43:28

Ronald Reagan with US Troops in demilitarised zones

Ronald Reagan speaking to troops

South Korean flag

Ronald Reagan looking through binoculars across demilitarised zone

CS Ronald Reagan with binoculars

44:15 End Titles

44:44 End

(Please note: Music must not be used)

Erich Mielke, former chief of East Germany's Stasi secret police,

went on trial in Berlin on Monday (5/9) on murder charges linked

to the shooting of East Germans who tried to escape over the

Berlin Wall to a better life in the West. The hearing was

interrupted 25 minutes after it began when Mielke's lawyer

challenged the objectivity of the judge. The defence motion

questioned Judge Hans-Georg Braeutigam's motives in visiting,

prior to the trial, the ailing 86-year-old Mielke at the prison

hospital where he is being held. The trial was postponed and no

new opening date was set. Mielke's lawyers are also asking the

court to throw out the charges against him on the grounds that he

is too sick to appear in court.

SHOWS:

BERLIN, GERMANY, 5/9

ext amtesgericht turmstrase

cu tag with mielke's name at doorway

vs of media into court room

ex-head of East Germany's feared Stasi secret police, Erich Mielke

talking to man

cu mielke

mielke sitting down

mielke talking to laywer

cu mielke

ws media

presiding judge Hansgeorg braeutigam into courtroom

people leaving court

ends: 1.48

A German woman accused of involvement in 10 neo-Nazi murders broke her silence for the first time in four years Wednesday, telling a court in Munich that she only learned of the slayings after they had taken place.

In a statement read by her lawyer, Beate Zschaepe said the killings, two bomb attacks and several bank robberies were carried out by her former lovers, Uwe Mundlos and Uwe Boehnhardt, who died in an apparent murder-suicide in 2011.

Prosecutors allege that the trio formed the 'National Socialist Underground', which killed eight Turkish men, a Greek and a policewoman between 2000 and 2007.

Zschaepe described how she met Mundlos during her childhood in East Germany in the late 1980s, and how she became part of the far-right scene that emerged after the collapse of the Berlin Wall.

The trio went into hiding in 1998. Zschaepe acknowledged that her alleged accomplices told her about the attacks after they happened, but claims she did not report them to police because they threatened to commit suicide if she did so.

Zschaepe was arrested in November 2011, shortly after Mundlos' and Boehnhardt's bodies were found in a burned-out camper van in the town of Eisenach following a botched bank robbery.

Her lawyer, Mathias Grasel, has asked the court to allow Zschaepe's lawyers to answer judges' questions rather than require her to answer them.

Zschaepe's trial and that of four others accused of supporting the group is expected to last until the middle of next year.

A German woman accused of involvement in 10 neo-Nazi murders broke her silence for the first time in four years Wednesday, telling a court in Munich that she only learned of the slayings after they had taken place.

In a statement read by her lawyer, Beate Zschaepe said the killings, two bomb attacks and several bank robberies were carried out by her former lovers, Uwe Mundlos and Uwe Boehnhardt, who died in an apparent murder-suicide in 2011.

Prosecutors allege that the trio formed the 'National Socialist Underground', which killed eight Turkish men, a Greek and a policewoman between 2000 and 2007.

Zschaepe described how she met Mundlos during her childhood in East Germany in the late 1980s, and how she became part of the far-right scene that emerged after the collapse of the Berlin Wall.

The trio went into hiding in 1998. Zschaepe acknowledged that her alleged accomplices told her about the attacks after they happened, but claims she did not report them to police because they threatened to commit suicide if she did so.

Zschaepe was arrested in November 2011, shortly after Mundlos' and Boehnhardt's bodies were found in a burned-out camper van in the town of Eisenach following a botched bank robbery.

Her lawyer, Mathias Grasel, has asked the court to allow Zschaepe's lawyers to answer judges' questions rather than require her to answer them.

Zschaepe's trial and that of four others accused of supporting the group is expected to last until the middle of next year.

POOL

Munich, Germany - 9 December 2015

1. Tracking shot of defendant Beate Zschaepe arriving in court room

2. Close of Zschaepe speaking to her lawyer

3. Mid of Zschaepe and her lawyer Mathias Grasel (left)

4. Mid of Ismail and Ayse Yozgat, parents of Halit Yozgat, thought to have been killed by neo-Nazis in the city of Kassel in 2006, speaking to their attorney

RTL - NO ACCESS GERMANY, AUSTRIA (EXCEPT: INFOSCREEN, ATV+), GERMAN-SPEAKING SWITZERLAND (EXCEPT: TELEZUERI), LUXEMBURG AND ALTO ADIGE

Munich, Germany - 9 December 2015

5. SOUNDBITE (German): Andrea Titz, spokeswoman for Munich Regional Appeal Court

"The defendant said that she knew about some of the armed robberies, and that she was in the know before, and sometimes after the crimes were committed. She denied taking part in planning or executing the deeds, but confirmed that she lived off the gains of these armed robberies. Regarding the murders, she denied having had any knowledge beforehand, or approval thereof. And she stated that in each case, she was informed about the deeds after they were committed, sometimes after a significant time span."

POOL

Munich, Germany - 9 December 2015

6. Close of Zschaepe

RTL: NO ACCESS GERMANY, AUSTRIA (EXCEPT: INFOSCREEN, ATV+), GERMAN-SPEAKING SWITZERLAND (EXCEPT: TELEZUERI), LUXEMBURG AND ALTO ADIGE

Munich, Germany - 9 December 2015

7. SOUNDBITE (German): Herbert Diemer, Federal Public Prosecutor

"We acknowledge Ms. Zschaepe's testimony. Concerning the meaning of this testimony, the defendant's pleading to the charges is a piece of evidence, as are many other pieces. We will have to see what this piece of evidence means. We will have to compare it to the objective facts and the findings from accumulated evidence. We'd like to reserve our final assessment for the end of the trial."

8. Wide of Munich Regional Appeal Court

+++ALSO ON DIGIBETA PAL IN AP ARCHIVE TAPE NUMBER GEN1982+++

TAPE NUMBER: OA 149

DATELINE: December 14, 2009 Washington DC

Remarks on the Human Rights Agenda for the 21st Century

Hillary Rodham Clinton

Secretary of State

Georgetown University's Gaston Hall

SECRETARY CLINTON: Thank you. It is wonderful being back here at Georgetown in this magnificent Gaston Hall, and to give you something to do during exam week. (Laughter.) It's one of those quasi-legitimate reasons for taking a break - (laughter) - which I'm very happy to have provided.

I want to thank Jas for his introductory remarks, and clearly, those of you who are in the Foreign Service School heard reflections of the extraordinary opportunity you've been given to study here as he spoke about the culture of human rights. It is also a real honor for me to be delivering this speech at Georgetown, because there is no better place than this university to talk about human rights. And President DeGioia, the administration, and the faculty embody the university's long tradition of supporting free expression and free inquiry and the cause of human rights around the world.

I know that President DeGioia himself has taught a course on human rights, as well as on the ethics of international development with one of my longtime colleagues, Carol Lancaster, the acting dean of the School of Foreign Service. And I want to commend the faculty here who are helping to shape our thinking on human rights, on conflict resolution, on development and related subjects. It is important to be at this university because the students here, the faculty, every single year add to the interreligious dialogue. You give voice to many advocates and activists who are working on the front lines of the global human rights movement, through the Human Rights Institute here at the law school and other programs. And the opportunities that you provide your students to work in an international women's rights clinic are especially close to my heart.

All of these efforts reflect the deep commitment of the Georgetown administration, faculty, and students to this cause. So first and foremost, I am here to say thank you. Thank you for keeping human rights front and center. Thank you for training the next generation of human rights advocates, and more generally, introducing students who may never be an activist, may never work for Amnesty International or any other organization specifically devoted to human rights, but who will leave this university with it imbued in their hearts and minds. So thank you, President DeGioia, for all that you do and all that Georgetown has done. (Applause.)

Today, I want to speak to you about the Obama Administration's human rights agenda for the 21st century. It is a subject on the minds of many people who are eager to hear our approach, and understandably so, because it is a critical issue that warrants our energy and our attention. My comments today will provide an overview of our thinking on human rights and democracy and how they fit into our broader foreign policy, as well as the principles and policies that guide our approach.

But let me also say that what this is not. It could not be a comprehensive accounting of abuses or nations with whom we have raised human rights concerns. It could not be and is not a checklist or a scorecard. We issue a Human Rights Report every year and that goes into great detail on the concerns we have for many countries. But I hope that we can use this opportunity to look at this important issue in a broader light and appreciate its full complexity, moral weight, and urgency. And with that, let me turn to the business at hand.

In his acceptance speech for the Nobel Peace Prize last week, President Obama said that while war is never welcome or good, it will sometimes be right and necessary, because, in his words, "Only a just peace based upon the inherent rights and dignity of every individual can be truly lasting." Throughout history and in our own time, there have been those who violently deny that truth. Our mission is to embrace it, to work for lasting peace through a principled human rights agenda, and a practical strategy to implement it.

President Obama's speech also reminded us that our basic values, the ones enshrined in our Declaration of Independence - the rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness - are not only the source of our strength and endurance; they are the birthright of every woman, man, and child on earth. That is also the promise of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the prerequisite for building a world in which every person has the opportunity to live up to his or her God-given potential, and the power behind every movement for freedom, every campaign for democracy, every effort to foster development, and every struggle against oppression.

The potential within every person to learn, discover and embrace the world around them, the potential to join freely with others to shape their communities and their societies so that every person can find fulfillment and self-sufficiency, the potential to share life's beauties and tragedies, laughter and tears with the people we love - that potential is sacred. That, however, is a dangerous belief to many who hold power and who construct their position against an "other" - another tribe or religion or race or gender or political party. Standing up against that false sense of identity and expanding the circle of rights and opportunities to all people - advancing their freedoms and possibilities - is why we do what we do.

This week we observe Human Rights Week. At the State Department, though, every week is Human Rights Week. Sixty-one years ago this month, the world's leaders proclaimed a new framework of rights, laws, and institutions that could fulfill the vow of "never again." They affirmed the universality of human rights through the Universal Declaration and legal agreements including those aimed at combating genocide, war crimes and torture, and challenging discrimination against women and racial and religious minorities. Burgeoning civil society movements and nongovernmental organizations became essential partners in advancing the principle that every person counts, and in exposing those who violate that standard.

As we celebrate that progress, though, our focus must be on the work that remains to be done. The preamble of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights encourages us to use it as a, quote, "standard of achievement." And so we should. But we cannot deny the gap that remains between its eloquent promises and the life experiences of so many of our fellow human beings. Now, we must finish the job.

Our human rights agenda for the 21st century is to make human rights a human reality, and the first step is to see human rights in a broad context. Of course, people must be free from the oppression of tyranny, from torture, from discrimination, from the fear of leaders who will imprison or "disappear" them. But they also must be free from the oppression of want - want of food, want of health, want of education, and want of equality in law and in fact.

To fulfill their potential, people must be free to choose laws and leaders; to share and access information, to speak, criticize, and debate. They must be free to worship, associate, and to love in the way that they choose. And they must be free to pursue the dignity that comes with self-improvement and self-reliance, to build their minds and their skills, to bring their goods to the marketplace, and participate in the process of innovation. Human rights have both negative and positive requirements. People should be free from tyranny in whatever form, and they should also be free to seize the opportunities of a full life. That is why supporting democracy and fostering development are cornerstones of our 21st century human rights agenda.

This Administration, like others before us, will promote, support, and defend democracy. We will relinquish neither the word nor the idea to those who have used it too narrowly, or to justify unwise policies. We stand for democracy not because we want other countries to be like us, but because we want all people to enjoy the consistent protection of the rights that are naturally theirs, whether they were born in Tallahassee or Tehran. Democracy has proven the best political system for making human rights a human reality over the long term.

But it is crucial that we clarify what we mean when we talk about democracy, because democracy means not only elections to choose leaders, but also active citizens and a free press and an independent judiciary and transparent and responsive institutions that are accountable to all citizens and protect their rights equally and fairly. In democracies, respecting rights isn't a choice leaders make day by day; it is the reason they govern. Democracies protect and respect citizens every day, not just on Election Day. And democracies demonstrate their greatness not by insisting they are perfect, but by using their institutions and their principles to make themselves and their union more perfect, just as our country continues to do after 233 years.

At the same time, human development must also be part of our human rights agenda. Because basic levels of well-being - food, shelter, health, and education - and of public common goods like environmental sustainability, protection against pandemic disease, provisions for refugees - are necessary for people to exercise their rights, and because human development and democracy are mutually reinforcing. Democratic governments are not likely to survive long if their citizens do not have the basic necessities of life. The desperation caused by poverty and disease often leads to violence that further imperils the rights of people and threatens the stability of governments. Democracies that deliver on rights, opportunities, and development for their people are stable, strong, and most likely to enable people to live up to their potential.

So human rights, democracy, and development are not three separate goals with three separate agendas. That view doesn't reflect the reality we face. To make a real and long-term difference in people's lives, we have to tackle all three simultaneously with a commitment that is smart, strategic, determined, and long-term. We should measure our success by asking this question: Are more people in more places better able to exercise their universal rights and live up to their potential because of our actions?

Our principles are our North Star, but our tools and tactics must be flexible and reflect the reality on the ground wherever we are trying to have a positive impact. Now, in some cases, governments are willing but unable without support to establish strong institutions and protections for citizens - for example, the nascent democracies in Africa. And we can extend our hand as a partner to help them try to achieve authority and build the progress they desire. In other cases, like Cuba or Nigeria, governments are able but unwilling to make the changes their citizens deserve. There, we must vigorously press leaders to end repression, while supporting those within societies who are working for change. And in cases where governments are both unwilling and unable - places like the eastern Congo - we have to support those courageous individuals and organizations who try to protect people and who battle against the odds to plant seeds for a more hopeful future.

Now, I don't need to tell you that challenges we face are diverse and complicated. And there is not one approach or formula, doctrine or theory that can be easily applied to every situation. But I want to outline four elements of the Obama Administration's approach to putting our principles into action, and share with you some of the challenges we face in doing so.

First, a commitment to human rights starts with universal standards and with holding everyone accountable to those standards, including ourselves. On his second full day in office, President Obama issued an executive order prohibiting the use of torture or official cruelty by any U.S. official and ordered the closure of Guantanamo Bay. Next year, we will report on human trafficking, as we do every year, but this time, not only just on other countries, but also on our own. And we will participate through the United Nations in the Universal Periodic Review of our own human rights record, just as we encourage other nations to do.

By holding ourselves accountable, we reinforce our moral authority to demand that all governments adhere to obligations under international law; among them, not to torture, arbitrarily detain and persecute dissenters, or engage in political killings. Our government and the international community must counter the pretensions of those who deny or abdicate their responsibilities and hold violators to account.

Sometimes, we will have the most impact by publicly denouncing a government action, like the coup in Honduras or violence in Guinea. Other times, we will be more likely to help the oppressed by engaging in tough negotiations behind closed doors, like pressing China and Russia as part of our broader agenda. In every instance, our aim will be to make a difference, not to prove a point.

Calling for accountability doesn't start or stop, however, at naming offenders. Our goal is to encourage - even demand - that governments must also take responsibility by putting human rights into law and embedding them in government institutions; by building strong, independent courts, competent and disciplined police and law enforcement. And once rights are established, governments should be expected to resist the temptation to restrict freedom of expression when criticism arises, and to be vigilant in preventing law from becoming an instrument of oppression, as bills like the one under consideration in Uganda would do to criminalize homosexuality.

We know that all governments and all leaders sometimes fall short. So there have to be internal mechanisms of accountability when rights are violated. Often the toughest test for governments, which is essential to the protection of human rights, is absorbing and accepting criticism. And here too, we should lead by example. In the last six decades we have done this - imperfectly at times but with significant outcomes - from making amends for the internment of our own Japanese American citizens in World War II, to establishing legal recourse for victims of discrimination in the Jim Crow South, to passing hate crimes legislation to include attacks against gays and lesbians. When injustice anywhere is ignored, justice everywhere is denied. Acknowledging and remedying mistakes does not make us weaker, it reaffirms the strength of our principles and institutions.

Second, we must be pragmatic and agile in pursuit of our human rights agenda - not compromising on our principles, but doing what is most likely to make them real. And we will use all the tools at our disposal, and when we run up against a wall, we will not retreat with resignation or recriminations, or repeatedly run up against the same well, but respond with strategic resolve to find another way to effect change and improve people's lives.

We acknowledge that one size does not fit all. And when old approaches aren't working, we won't be afraid to attempt new ones, as we have this year by ending the stalemate of isolation and instead pursuing measured engagement with Burma. In Iran, we have offered to negotiate directly with the government on nuclear issues, but have at the same time expressed solidarity with those inside Iran struggling for democratic change. As President Obama said in his Nobel speech, "They have us on their side."

And we will hold governments accountable for their actions, as we have just recently by terminating Millennium Challenge Corporation grants this year for Madagascar and Niger in the wake of government behavior. As the President said last week, "we must try as best we can to balance isolation and engagement; pressure and incentives, so that human rights and dignity are advanced over time."

We are also working for positive change within multilateral institutions. They are valuable tools that, when in their best, leverage the efforts of many countries around a common purpose. So we have rejoined the UN Human Rights Council not because we don't see its flaws, but because we think that participating gives us the best chance to be a constructive influence.

In our first session, we cosponsored the successful resolution on Freedom of Expression, a forceful declaration of principle at a time when that freedom is jeopardized by new efforts to constrain religious practice, including recently in Switzerland, and by efforts to criminalize the defamation of religion - a false solution which exchanges one wrong for another. And in the United Nations Security Council, I was privileged to chair the September session where we passed a resolution mandating protections against sexual violence in armed conflict.

Principled pragmatism informs our approach on human rights with all countries, but particularly with key countries like China and Russia. Cooperation with each of those is critical to the health of the global economy and the nonproliferation agenda we seek, also to managing security issues like North Korea and Iran, and addressing global problems like climate change.

The United States seeks positive relationships with China and Russia, and that means candid discussions of divergent views. In China, we call for protection of rights of minorities in Tibet and Xinxiang; for the rights to express oneself and worship freely; and for civil society and religious organizations to advocate their positions within a framework of the rule of law. And we believe strongly that those who advocate peacefully for reform within the constitution, such as Charter 2008 signatories, should not be prosecuted.

With Russia, we deplore the murders of journalists and activists and support the courageous individuals who advocate at great peril for democracy. With China, Russia, and others, we are engaging on issues of mutual interest while also engaging societal actors in these same countries who are working to advance human rights and democracy. The assumption that we must either pursue human rights or our "national interests" is wrong. The assumption that only coercion and isolation are effective tools for advancing democratic change is also wrong.

Across our diplomacy and development efforts, we keep striving for innovative ways to achieve results. That's why I commissioned the first-ever Quadrennial Diplomacy and Development Review to develop a forward-looking strategy built on analysis of our objectives, our challenges, our tools, and our capacities to achieve America's foreign policy and national security objectives. And make no mistake, issues of Democracy and Governance - D&G as they are called at USAID - are central to this review.

The third element of our approach is that we support change driven by citizens and their communities. The project of making human rights a human reality cannot be just one for governments. It requires cooperation among individuals and organizations within communities and across borders. It means that we work with others who share our commitment to securing lives of dignity for all who share the bonds of humanity.

Six weeks ago, in Morocco, I met with civil society activists from across the Middle East and North Africa. They exemplify how lasting change comes from within and how it depends on activists who create the space in which engaged citizens and civil society can build the foundations for rights-respecting development and democracy. Outside governments and global civil society cannot impose change, but we can promote and bolster it and defend it. We can encourage and provide support for local grassroots leaders, providing a lifeline of protection to human rights and democracy activists when they get in trouble, as they often do, for raising sensitive issues and voicing dissent. This means using tools like our Global Human Rights Defenders Fund, which in the last year has provided targeted legal and relocation assistance to 170 human rights defenders around the world.

And we can stand with these defenders publicly, as we have by sending a high-level diplomatic mission to meet with Aung San Suu Kyi, and as I have done around the world, from Guatemala to Kenya to Egypt, speaking out for civil society and political leaders who are working to try to change their societies from within, and also working through the backchannels for the safety of dissidents and protecting them from persecution.

We can amplify the voices of activists and advocates working on these issues by shining a spotlight on their progress. They often pursue their mission in isolation, often so marginalized within their own societies. And we can endorse the legitimacy of their efforts. We recognize these with honors like the Women of Courage awards that First Lady Michelle Obama and I presented earlier this year and the Human Rights Defenders award I will present next month, and we can applaud others like Vital Voices, the RFK Center for Justice and Human Rights, and the Lantos Foundation, that do the same.

We can give them access to public forums that lend visibility to their ideas, and continue to press for a role for nongovernmental organizations in multilateral institutions like the United Nations and the OSCE. And we can enlist other allies like international labor unions who were instrumental in the Solidarity movement in Poland or religious organizations who are championing the rights of people living with HIV/AIDS in Africa.

We can help change agents, gain access to and share information through the internet and mobile phones so that they can communicate and organize. With camera phones and Facebook pages, thousands of protestors in Iran have broadcast their demands for rights denied, creating a record for all the world, including Iran's leaders, to see. I've established a special unit inside the State Department to use technology for 21st century statecraft.

In virtually every country I visit - from Indonesia to Iraq, from South Korea to the Dominican Republic - I conduct a town hall or roundtable discussion with groups outside of government to learn from them, and to provide a platform for their voices, ideas, and opinions. When I was recently in Russia, I visited an independent radio station to give an interview, and express through word and deed our support for independent media at a time when free expression is under threat.

On my visits to China, I have made a point of meeting with women activists. The UN Conference on Women in Beijing in 1995 inspired a generation of women civil society leaders who have become rights defenders for today's China. In 1998, I met with a small group of lawyers in a crowded apartment on the fifth floor of a walk-up building. They described for me their efforts to win rights for women to own property, have a say in marriage and divorce, and be treated as equal citizens.

When I visited China again earlier this year, I met with some of the same women, but this group had grown and expanded its scope. Now there were women working not just for legal rights, but for environmental, health, and economic rights as well.

Yet one of them, Dr. Gao Yaojie, has been harassed for speaking out about AIDS in China. She should instead be applauded by her government for helping to confront the crisis. NGOs and civil society leaders need the financial, technical and political support we provide. Many repressive regimes have tried to limit the independence and effectiveness of activists and NGOs by restricting their activities, including more than 25 governments that have recently adopted new restrictions. But our funding and support can give a foothold to local organizations, training programs, and independent media. And of course, one of the most important ways that we and others in the international community can lay the foundation for change from the bottom up is through targeted assistance to those in need, and through partnerships that foster broad-based economic development.

To build success for the long run, our development assistance needs to be as effective as possible at delivering results and paving the way for broad-based growth and long-term self-reliance. Beyond giving people the capacity to meet their material needs for today, economic empowerment should give them a stake in securing their own futures, in seeing their societies become the kind of democracies that protect rights and govern fairly. So we will pursue a rights-respecting approach to development - consulting with local communities, ensuring transparency, midwife-ing accountable institutions - so our development activities act in concert with our efforts to support democratic governance. That is the pressing challenge we face in Afghanistan and Pakistan today.

The fourth element of our approach is that we will widen our focus. We will not forget that positive change must be reinforced and strengthened where hope is on the rise, and we will not ignore or overlook places of seemingly intractable tragedy and despair. Where human lives hang in the balance, we must do what we can to tilt that balance toward a better future.

Our efforts to support those working for human rights, economic empowerment, and democratic governance are driven by commitment, not convenience. But they have to be sustained. They cannot be subject to the whims or the wins of political change in our own country. Democratic progress is urgent but it is not quick, and we should never take for granted its permanence. Backsliding is always a threat, as we've learned in places like Kenya where the perpetrators of post-election violence have thus far escaped justice; and in the Americas where we are worried about leaders who have seized property, trampled rights, and abused justice to enhance personal rule.

And when democratic change occurs, we cannot afford to become complacent. Instead, we have to continue reinforcing NGOs and the fledgling institutions of democracy. Young democracies like Liberia, East Timor, Moldova and Kosovo need our help to secure improvements in health, education and welfare. We must stay engaged to nurture democratic development in places like Ukraine and Georgia, which experienced democratic breakthroughs earlier this decade but have struggled to consolidate their democratic gains because of both internal and external factors.

So we stand ready - both in our bilateral relationships and through international institutions - to help governments that have committed to improving themselves by assisting them in fighting corruption and helping train police forces and public servants. And we will support regional organizations and institutions like the Organization of American States, the African Union, and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, where they take their own steps to defend democratic principles and institutions.

Success stories deserve our attention so they continue to make progress and also serve as a model for others. And even as we reinforce the successes, conscience demands that we are not cowed by the overwhelming difficulty of making inroads against misery in the hard places like Sudan, Congo, North Korea, Zimbabwe, or on the hard issues like ending gender inequality and discrimination against gays and lesbians, from the Middle East to Latin America, Africa to Asia.

Now, we have to continue to press for solutions in Sudan where ongoing tensions threaten to add to the devastation wrought by genocide in Darfur and an overwhelming refugee crisis. We will work to identify ways that we and our partners can enhance human security, while at the same time focusing greater attention on efforts to prevent genocide elsewhere.

And of course, we have to remain focused on women - women's rights, women's roles, and women's responsibilities. As I said in Beijing in 1995, "human rights are women's rights, and women's rights are human rights," but oh, I wish it could be so easily translated into action and changes. That ideal is far from being realized in so many places around our world, but there is no place that so epitomizes the very difficult, tragic circumstances confronting women than in eastern Congo.

I was in Goma last August, the epicenter of one of the most violent and chaotic regions on earth. And when I was there, I met with victims of horrific gender and sexual violence, and I met with refugees driven from their homes by the many military forces operating there. I heard from those working to end the conflicts and to protect the victims in such dire circumstances. I saw the best and the worst of humanity in a single day, the unspeakable acts of violence that have left women physically and emotionally brutalized, and the heroism of the women and men themselves, of the doctors, nurses and volunteers working to repair bodies and spirits.

They are on the front lines of the struggle for human rights. Seeing firsthand their courage and tenacity of they and the Congolese people and the internal fortitude that keeps them going is not only humbling, but inspires me every day to keep working.

So those four aspects of our approach - accountability, principled pragmatism, partnering from the bottom up, keeping a wide focus where rights are at stake - will help build a foundation that enables people to stand and rise above poverty, hunger, and disease and that secures their rights under democratic governance. We must lift the ceiling of oppression, corruption, and violence.

And we must light a fire of human potential through access to education and economic opportunity. Build the foundation, lift the ceiling, and light the fire all together, all at once. Because when a person has food and education but not the freedom to discuss and debate with fellow citizens, he is denied the life he deserves. And when a person is too hungry or sick to work or vote or worship, she is denied a life she deserves. Freedom doesn't come in half measures, and partial remedies cannot redress the whole problem.

But we know that the champions of human potential have never had it easy. We may call rights inalienable, but making them so has always been hard work. And no matter how clearly we see our ideals, taking action to make them real requires tough choices. Even if everyone agrees that we should do whatever is most likely to improve the lives of people on the ground, we will not always agree on what course of action fits that description in every case. That is the nature of governing. We all know examples of good intentions that did not produce results, some that even produced unintended consequences that led to greater violations of human rights. And we can learn from the instances in which we have fallen short in the past, because those past difficulties are proof of how difficult progress is, but we do not accept the argument by some that progress in certain places is impossible, because we know progress happens.

Ghana emerged from an era of coups to one of stable democratic governance. Indonesia moved from repressive rule to a dynamic democracy that is Islamic and secular. Chile exchanged dictatorship for democracy and an open economy. Mongolia's constitutional reforms successfully ushered in multiparty democracy without violence. And there is no better example than the progress made in Central and Eastern Europe since the fall of the Berlin Wall 20 years ago, an event I was privileged to help celebrate last month at the Brandenburg Gate.

While the work in front of us is daunting and vast, we face the future together with partners on every continent, partners in faith-based organizations, NGOs, and socially responsible corporations, and partners in governments. From India, the world's largest democracy, and one that continues to use democratic processes and principles to perfect its union of 1.1 billion people, to Botswana where the new president in Africa's oldest democracy has promised to govern according to what he calls the "5 Ds" - democracy, dignity, development, discipline, and delivery - providing a recipe for responsible governance that contrasts starkly with the unnecessary and manmade tragedy in neighboring Zimbabwe.

In the end, this isn't just about what we do; it is about who we are. And we cannot be the people we are - people who believe in human rights - if we opt out of this fight. Believing in human rights means committing ourselves to action, and when we sign up for the promise of rights that apply everywhere, to everyone, that rights will be able to protect and enable human dignity, we also sign up for the hard work of making that promise a reality.

Those of you here at this great university spend time studying the cases of what we've tried to do in human rights, or as Jas said, the culture of human rights. You see the shortcomings and the shortfalls. You see the fact that, as Mario Cuomo famously said about politics here in the United States, we campaign in poetry and we govern in prose. Well, that's true internationally as well. But we need your ideas, we need your criticism, we need your support, we need your intelligent analysis of how together we can slowly, steadily expand that circle of opportunity and rights to every single person.

It is work that we take so seriously. It is work that we know we don't have all the answers for. But it is the work that America signed up to do. And we will continue, day by day, inch by inch, to try to make whatever progress is humanly possible. Thank you all very much. (Applause.)

MODERATOR: Thank you, Secretary Clinton, for an inspiring, comprehensive, and wonderful speech. It made me proud to be an American.

SECRETARY CLINTON: Thank you so much.

MODERATOR: And proud to be at Georgetown, too. (Laughter.)

The Secretary has time for three questions, and we thought because so many of you have abandoned your final papers to be here - the students, that is - that we would take those questions from our students. So let me ask you - we have several people along the sides with microphones. Let - okay, here's somebody with a microphone. Have we got one more? Okay.

So let's have a first question from a student. That doesn't look like a student. (Laughter.) Let's get - here, let's get a young person here. We're not discriminating. We just want a calm approach to things.

QUESTION: Hello, Secretary Clinton. Thank you so much for speaking to us today. You spoke about the situation in Uganda. Could you please talk to us a little bit more about how the United States can protect the rights of LGBT people in areas where those rights are not respected?

SECRETARY CLINTON: Yes. And first let me say that over this past year, we have elevated into our human rights dialogues and our public statements a very clear message about protecting the rights of the LGBT community worldwide. And we are particularly concerned about some of the specific cases that have come to our attention around the world. There have been organized efforts to kill and maim gays and lesbians in some countries that we have spoken out about, and also conveyed our very strong concerns about to their governments - not that they were governmentally implemented or even that the government was aware of them, but that the governments need to pay much greater attention to the kinds of abuses that we've seen in Iraq, for example.

We are deeply concerned about some of the stories coming out of Iran. In large measure, in reaction, we think, to the response to the elections back in June, there have been abuses committed within the detention facilities and elsewhere that we are deeply concerned about. And then the example that I used of a piece of legislation in Uganda which would not only criminalize homosexuality but attach the death penalty to it. We have expressed our concerns directly, indirectly, and we will continue to do so. The bill has not gone through the Ugandan legislature, but it has a lot of public support by various groups, including religious leaders in Uganda. And we view it as a very serious potential violation of human rights.

So it is clear that across the world this is a new frontier in the minds of many people about how we protect the LGBT community, but it is at the top of our list because we see many instances where there is a very serious assault on the physical safety and an increasing effort to marginalize people. And we think it's important for the United States to stand against that and to enlist others to join us in doing so.

MODERATOR: Right here.

QUESTION: Good morning, Secretary Clinton. Thank you so much for being here at Georgetown. You brought up Iran today, and I really appreciate that as an Iranian American. I'm a graduate student here and had the pleasure of being in Iran this summer for my first trip, and to witness really what happened after the election was an incredible moment in history.

Now that six months has passed after the election, what can the United States do to balance our support of the human rights activists and demonstrators in the streets of Iran with our agenda regarding the broader international security issues with Iran's proposed nuclear program? So how do we balance those two issues?

SECRETARY CLINTON: Right. Well, it is a balancing act. But the more important balancing act is to make sure that our very strong opposition to what is going on inside Iran doesn't in any way undermine the legitimacy of the protest movement that has taken hold. Now, this is one of those very good examples of a hard call. After the election and the reaction that began almost immediately by people who felt that the election was invalid, put us in a position of seriously considering what is the best way we can support those who are putting their lives on the line by going into the streets. We wanted to convey clear support, but we didn't want the attention shifted from the legitimate concerns to the United States, because we had nothing to do with the spontaneous reaction that grew up in response to the behavior of the Iranian Government.

So it's been a delicate walk, but I think that the activists inside Iran know that we support them. We have certainly encouraged their continuing communication of what's going on inside Iran. One of the calls that we made shortly after the election in the midst of the demonstrations is this unit of these very tech-savvy young people that we've created inside the State Department knew that there was a lot of communication going on about demonstrations and sharing information on Twitter, and that totally unconnected to what was going on in Iran, Twitter had planned some kind of lapse in service to do something on their system - you can tell I have no idea what they were doing. (Laughter.) I mean, you know, I don't know Twitter from Tweeter, so - (laughter) - to be honest with you.

So these young tech people in the State Department called Twitter and said don't take Twitter down right now. Whatever you're going to do to reboot or whatever it is - (laughter) - don't take Twitter down because people in Iran are dependent upon Twitter. So we have done that careful balancing.

Now, clearly, we think that pursuing an agenda of nonproliferation is a human rights issue. I mean, what would be worse than nuclear material or even a nuclear weapon being in the hands of either a state or a non-state actor that would be used to intimidate and threaten and even, in the worst-case scenario, destroy?

So we see a continuum. So pursuing what we think is in the national security interest not only of the United States but countries in Europe and in the Middle East is also a human rights issue. So we do not want to be in an either/or position: Are we going to pursue nonproliferation with Iran or are we going to support the demonstrators inside Iran? We're going to do both to the best of our ability to get a result that will further the cause we are seeking to support.

MODERATOR: One final question in the back. Right there, with the red. Right. Christmas red.

QUESTION: Thank you. I am wondering what you see the role of artists doing in helping to promote human rights. I had the privilege earlier this summer to hear the playwright Lynn Nottage speak in one of the Senate buildings after she advocated for women's rights in the Congo, and I wonder how you see creative practice accompanying and amplifying policy.

SECRETARY CLINTON: That is a wonderful question because I think the arts and artists are one of our most effective tools in reaching beyond and through repressive regimes, in giving hope to people. It was a very effective tool during the Cold War. I've had so many Eastern Europeans tell me that it was American music, it was American literature, it was American poetry that kept them going. I remember when Vaclav Havel came to the White House during my husband's administration, and we were having a state dinner for him. And I said, "Well, who would you like to entertain at the state dinner?" And I didn't know what he was going to say. And he said, "Lou Reed." (Laughter.) "It was his music that was just so important for us - in prison, out of prison."

Well, you could name many other American artists who have traveled. We're going to try to increase the number of artistic exchanges we do so that we can get people into settings where they will be able to directly communicate. Now, with communication being what it is today, you can download them and all the rest, but there's something about the American Government sending somebody to make that case which I think is very important to our commitment.

Also, artists can bright to light in a gripping, dramatic way some of the challenges we face. You mentioned the play about women in the Congo. I remember some years ago seeing a play about women in Bosnia during the conflict there. It was so gripping. I still see the faces of those women who were pulled from their homes, separated from their husbands, often raped and left just as garbage on the side of the road. So I think that artists both individually and through their works can illustrate better than any speech I can give or any government policy we can promulgate that the spirit that lives within each of us, the right to think and dream and expand our boundaries, is not confined, no matter how hard they try, by any regime anywhere in the world. There is no way that you can deprive people from feeling those stirrings inside their soul. And artists can give voice to that. They can give shape and movement to it. And it is so important in places where people feel forgotten and marginalized and depressed and hopeless to have that glimmer that there is a better future, that there is a better way that they just have to hold onto.

So I'm going to do what I can to continue to increase and enhance our artistic outreach, but this is also a great area for private foundations, for NGOs, for artists themselves, for universities like Georgetown to be engaged in. It's interesting, in today's world we are deluged with so much information. I mean, we are living in information overload time. And so we need ways of cutting through all of that. We're also living in an on-the-one-hand-this and on-another-hand-that sort of media environment. I always joke that if a television station or a newspaper interviews somebody who is claiming that the earth is round, they have to put on somebody from the Flat Earth Society because that's balance, fair and balanced coverage. (Laughter and applause.)

And so part of what we have to do is look for those ways of breaking through all of that. And I think that the power of the arts to do that is so enormous, and we can't ever forget about the role that it must play in giving life to the aspirations of people around the world.

Thank you all very much. (Applause.)

+++ALSO ON DIGIBETA PAL IN AP ARCHIVE TAPE NUMBER GEN1982+++

SHOTLIST:

Sebastianstrasse, Berlin Kreuzberg

1. Wide of people gathered outside house number 82 on Sebastianstrasse

2. Reverse shot of Stasi victim, Dieter Hoetger, walking down into cellar of house

3. Tracking shot along corridor and into cellar

4. Tilt down from Hoetger pointing at entrance of former tunnel, to floor of cellar

5. SOUNDBITE: (German) Dieter Hoetger, man imprisoned by Stasi:

"I will never forget what happened here on June 12th 1962. My friend Siegfried Noffke got killed at the exit of our tunnel. The existence of the tunnel was betrayed and I have never seen my comrade again, his body was never found. And I was taken to the Stasi prison Hohenschoenhausen."

6. Mid of people, including Hoetger, walking towards memorial board marking tunnel built by Hoetger and Noffke

7. Hoetger and Vice President of the German Parliament Wolfgang Thierse unveiling memorial board

8. Various of crowd looking at photo exhibition

9. Close up of photo showing Noffke excavating tunnel

10. Pan of board

Checkpoint Charlie

11. Wide of Checkpoint Charlie crossing between East and West Berlin

12. Mid of men dressed as British, French and American servicemen, each holding their nation's flag

13. Close of sign reading: (English, Russian, French, German) "You are leaving the American sector"

14. Top shot of exhibition in Checkpoint Charlie

15. Close of release papers of woman who tried to escape to West Berlin, Christa Feurig

16. Close of exhibition showing woman in back of trunk attempting to escape to West

17. SOUNDBITE: (German) Christa Feurig, woman who tried to escape to West Berlin, standing next to husband, Swiss national Peter Gross:

"It is in the nature of humans that we only keep good memories. But that's why we are here today to make clear that the former GDR was not harmless. The GDR was only harmless for people who conformed with the dictatorship."

18. Close up of photos in exhibit

19. Mid of people looking at exhibit

FILE - Former West Berlin, August - 1970

20. Close of wall, pan to new flats on former West Berlin side

21. Close of GDR flag

22. Children cycle past wall

23. Wall in foreground, buildings beyond

24. Mid of people walking past derelict buildings

25. Pan from derelict building to wreath on gate

26. Top shot of former East German jeep patrolling wall

27. Pan from people looking over wall to 'no-man's land' beyond

STORYLINE:

A memorial board was unveiled in Berlin on Wednesday to remember those who attempted to escape from former East Germany to the West, a day before the 48th anniversary of the beginning of the Berlin Wall's construction.

The board was erected in honour of Siegfried Noffke and Dieter Hoetger, who excavated a tunnel from West to East Berlin.

It was unveiled by Hoetger and Vice President of the German Parliament Wolfgang Thierse, outside house number 82 on Sebastianstrasse, in Berlin's Kreuzberg district, from where the tunnel began.

Noffke had a wife and new-born son who lived on the other side of the wall in Prenzlauer Berg, East Berlin.

The family sent a letter of application to the GDR (German Democratic Republic) government requesting the family be able to reunite in the West. The application was unsuccessful.

Hoetger was in love with a woman who lived in East Berlin. The two built the tunnel in an attempt to bring their loved ones back to West Berlin.

As they reached the East end of the tunnel at Heinrich Heine Strasse on June 28, 1962, Hoetger and Noffke were met by members of the Stasi - their tunnel had been uncovered and reported.

Both men were shot by the secret police. Noffke died on the way to hospital. Hoetger survived, but was imprisoned in the Stasi's Hohenschoenhausen prison until September, 1972.

For Hoetger, memories of that day in June are still very vivid.

"I will never forget what happened here in June 1962 at noon. My friend Siegfried Noffke got killed at the exit of our tunnel. The existence of the tunnel was betrayed and I have never seen my comrade again, his body was never found," he said.

He was eventually freed when the former West German government paid for his release.

Meanwhile, at Checkpoint Charlie, one of Berlin's most famous former crossing points from East to West, another story was being remembered at an exhibition on the site.

Former East German citizen, Christa Feurig, in 1974 fell in love with a Swiss chef, Peter Gross, who worked in his country's embassy in the former GDR.

Feurig attempted to escape to the West in the back of Gross' car. They were betrayed, caught and sent to prison for over three years.

Following their release the couple emigrated to Switzerland and eventually married.

The story of their escape attempt is portrayed along with other similar cases in a private exhibition at Berlin's landmark Checkpoint Charlie.

As Germany prepares to celebrate twenty years since the fall of the Wall and new generations grow up without personal reference to the times of division, Feurig said there is still a need to remember the past.

"The GDR was only harmless for people who conformed with the dictatorship," she said.

Universal Newsreel 1965

02:10 Radical Plane Tested

What may prove to be the most versatile airplane ever designed goes aloft at Fort Worth for the first test of its folding wings. The F-11 has wings that are set at a conventional angle at takeoff and landing. While in high altitude flight the pilot sweeps them back nd the plane can zoom at three times the speed of sound.

03:17 San Francisco Houses Collapse

A group of houses of San francisco's Telegraph Hill literally sit on the brink of disaster for days. Then undermined by an excavation for a new building and heavy rains, they slide into the street and crumble into ruins. No lives are lost, but one of the buildings was evacuated only the night before it was totally destroyed.

04:21 Spring Hats For Milady

Models display the latest styles in hats.

05:37 Jockey Beats Death In Racetrack Accident

National riding champion Walter Blum is hospitalized but recuperationg after his horse broke a leg during a race at Santa Anita and a following horse crashed into him. Blum tells the harrowing story against a pictorial record of the race.

06:47 Queen Elizabeth Receives Ethiopian Ovation

The ancient Ethiopian capital of Addis Ababa welcomes Queen Elizabeth as the British monarch is greeted by "the Lion of Judah", Emperor Haile Selassie - the first formal visit there by any British ruler.

08:22 Return From Vietnam; War Escalating

The first group of Americans wounded in guerilla raids on the Vietnam front arrives back in the United States. Even as they land in the U.S. new Vietcong bombing attacks take more American lives. Also returning are the first of 1.829 dependents evacuated by order of President Johnson.

09:38 First Job Corps Centre Opens

One phase of President Johnson's anti-poverty program gets underway at Thurmont, Maryland, as the first of 25.000 Job Corps trainees arrive in camp. During their year's stay they will learn new skills and spend some time on conservation programs.

10:40 New Multi-purpose Aircraft

The airplane that man has dreamed about for many decades has become a reality. The XC-142-A can take off and land almost vertically and achieve a speed of 400 m.p.h. in flight. Its military and civilian uses are limitless.

11:32 First Domed Sports Stadium

In Houston, Texas a new concept is introduced to the United States, the "Astrodome". Completely enclosed by a dome 20 stories in height, the stadium is air conditioned throughout and unaffected by weather conditions. It will be used first by the Houston Astros baseball team and later for football and other events.

12:35 Civil Rights Freedom March

The long anticipated 54-mile Freedom March from Selma to Alabama's capital of Montgomery finally gets under way led by Rev. Martin Luther King. Twice before the marchers had been turned back by State troops. Now they march under a Federal Court Order and with the protection of federalized National Guard units and regular troops. No incidents of consequence occur during the early stages of the non-violent protest march which hopes to gather additional supporters along the way and culminate in presentation of a petition to Governor Wallace at the state capital.

14:09 A White Spring

It appears that Spring will be a little late this year, as untimely snows blanket much of the U.S. and Spring fashions in the shop windows fail to attract shoppers.

14:50 UCLA Wins Second Straight Title

The NCAA playoffs at Portland, Oregon see top-ranked Michigan toppled by UCLA, 91-80.

16:05 US Policy

The President projects America's policy on Vietnam in a speech at John Hopkins University. Mr. Johnson says that United States is ready to begin, without conditions, diplomatic discussions to end the war in Vietnam. He states that the United States is ready to start a billion dollar investment to bring economic independence to Southeast Asia, including North Vietnam.

17:31 Red Harassment In West Berlin

For the first time since the Red blockade of West Berlin in 1948, access routes to the city are shut down by the Communists. The Soviets try to block a meeting of the West German Parliament, but the meeting goes on as Red fighters buzz the meeting hall in violation of dozens of air safety regulations.

18:30 Oscar Night In Hollywood

Academy award go to "My Fair Lady" and its star Rex Harrison - Best Picture and Best Actor. Best Actress is bestowed on Julie Andrews for her role in Disney's "Mary Poppins" - a part she accepted after being by-passed for the movie version lead in "My Fair Lady" in which she created the original Liza Doolittle on the stage...and made theatrical history.

19:44 US Honours Astronauts

The "Gemini Twins" - newly nominated Lieutenant Colonels Jim McDivitt and space-walker Ed White - are guests at the White House as they receive Exceptional Service Medals of the Space Agency from President Johnson. Gemini program manager Charles W. Matthews also receives the Service Medal from the President.

20:37 Ben Bella Deposed In Algeria

Overnight, there's a new strongman in Algeria. Colonel Houari Boumedienne, President Ben Bella's right hand, turned against his friend and boss in a pre-dawn coup and assumed power - a surprise move since Boumedienne has been a long-time supporter of Ben Bella.

21:49 "The Art Of Love" Has Premiere

Ethel Merman takes part in a parade through the heart of Chicago to herald the world premiere of Ross Hunter's new picture, "The Art of Love".

22:32 Gary Player Takes Open

The U.S. Golf Open goes into overtime as Gary Player battles Ken Nagle in a playoff round. Five strokes ahead on the 8th hole, Player breezes in. He announces he is donating his purse to cancer research and for the development of junior golfers.

23:34 American Driver Wins At Le Mans

American-born Masten Gregory of Kansas City - copilot in an Italian Ferrari, wins the french race with Jochen Rindt of Austria. The 24-hour drive covers almost 3,000 miles.

25:13 More Troops Arrive In Vietnam

Members of the famed 101st Airborne Division arrive at Camranh Bay to reinforce United States forces in South Vietnam. The 3.900 paratroopers bring to 79.000 the number of American servicement now in South Vietnam, and that number will soon be increased.

26:40 Medicare Bill Signed

President Harry S. Truman is present at ceremonies that see the Medicare Bill signed into law by President Johnson. The former President campaigned for Medicare 20 years ago.

27:40 Mariner IV Photos Of Mars

Tracking stations are the cogs that made the Mariner IV flight a success. Like this one in Spain, they receive information from the satellite's tape recorder that is translated into remarkable space pictures of Mars.

29:47 Gymnasts From 40 Nations In Giant Meet

In Vienna they call it a gymnaestrada...but by any name it's a spectacular event. Beneath the national flags the gymnasts compete - not for prizes, but for the fun of it, showing their skills at everything from the trampoline to aestetic dances.

31:10 Riots In Watts Section Of Los Angeles Create Destruction

A sorrowful page is written in American history as six days of rioting in a Negro section of Los Angeles leave behind scenes reminiscent of war-torn cities. Fire damage alone is estimated at $200 million. Fire-men had to be issued flak suits to protect them from sniper's bullets as they fought fires. No attempt has yet been made to arrive at the losses suffered at the hands of lootes who stole everything from liquor to babies' play pens. As the National Guard moved in, 14.000 strong, approximately 3.000 arrests were made. Civil Rights leaders have issued statements deploring the lawlessness. An uneasy calm now prevails in the devastated area as 1.000 Guards remain on patrol and curfew has been imposed.

33:47 Marr Wins P.G.A Title

Dave Marr, who placed 65th (last) in 1964 comes back to win the 1965 tournament, beating out golf greats Sam Snead, Arnold Palmer, Jack Nicklaus and more.

35:36 New Miss America

"Miss Kansas" - Pre-Med student Deborah Bryant - is chosen over 49 other contestants

37:26 Spain And Australia Win US Tennis Titles

Manuel Santana becomes the first player from Spain ever to win the US Championship and Australia's Margaret Smith beats Billie Jean Moffitt of the United States to add the American title to her Wimbledon crown

39:25 The War In Vietnam

"Operation Piranha," one of the largest operations yet attempted by the US in Vietnam is shown in graphic detail. An amphibious task group of the United States 7th fleet sends an assault force of marines ashore to trap Vietcong troops on the Bantagan Peninsula where South Vietnamese troops have blocked all exits. It is the beginning of a week-long operation which sees some of the fiercest hand-to-hand engagements of the war in which over 200 Vietcong are wiped out, but again proves the difficulty of jungle fighting.

41:11 World Series Opening Day

Vice President Hubert Humphrey tosses out the first ball and the Minnesota Twins hitters send L.A.Dodgers ace Don Drysdale to the showers as they win the opening game 8-2 (Minnesota takes second game 5-1, but loses Series to Dodgers)

43:30 Berlin Escape

At a cemetery on the East-West Berlin border, an East Berliner's friends in the West raise a ladder to the wall and he climbs it up and over to freedom and his fiancee in West Berlin - one of a growing number of East Berliners who are making daring escapes despite vigilant border guards

44:32 A Fashion Display

At the Museum of Modern Art in Paris, models show fashions inspired by art.

45:50 Air Force Guns Down Army

The Air Force Falcons score their first victory over another Service Academy as they beat the Army football squad, 14-3.

47:30 The Big Blackout

They said it couldn't happen....but it does. The elaborate power grid supplying the Northeast United States and Canada fails. And 25 million people in an 80,000 square mile area are affected. In New York City the scene is particularly dramatic when all the bright lights of Manhattan go out. There are colossal traffic jams - nearly a million commuters are trapped in stalled subways - stranded people unable to get home sleep in hotel lobbies. But the citizens adapt to the situation somehow, and there will be many stories exchanged on "Where were you in the big blackout of 1965?"

No time code on tape

Universal Newsreel 1965

02:10 Radical Plane Tested

What may prove to be the most versatile airplane ever designed goes aloft at Fort Worth for the first test of its folding wings. The F-11 has wings that are set at a conventional angle at takeoff and landing. While in high altitude flight the pilot sweeps them back nd the plane can zoom at three times the speed of sound.

03:17 San Francisco Houses Collapse

A group of houses of San francisco's Telegraph Hill literally sit on the brink of disaster for days. Then undermined by an excavation for a new building and heavy rains, they slide into the street and crumble into ruins. No lives are lost, but one of the buildings was evacuated only the night before it was totally destroyed.

04:21 Spring Hats For Milady

Models display the latest styles in hats.

05:37 Jockey Beats Death In Racetrack Accident

National riding champion Walter Blum is hospitalized but recuperationg after his horse broke a leg during a race at Santa Anita and a following horse crashed into him. Blum tells the harrowing story against a pictorial record of the race.

06:47 Queen Elizabeth Receives Ethiopian Ovation

The ancient Ethiopian capital of Addis Ababa welcomes Queen Elizabeth as the British monarch is greeted by "the Lion of Judah", Emperor Haile Selassie - the first formal visit there by any British ruler.

08:22 Return From Vietnam; War Escalating

The first group of Americans wounded in guerilla raids on the Vietnam front arrives back in the United States. Even as they land in the U.S. new Vietcong bombing attacks take more American lives. Also returning are the first of 1.829 dependents evacuated by order of President Johnson.

09:38 First Job Corps Centre Opens

One phase of President Johnson's anti-poverty program gets underway at Thurmont, Maryland, as the first of 25.000 Job Corps trainees arrive in camp. During their year's stay they will learn new skills and spend some time on conservation programs.

10:40 New Multi-purpose Aircraft

The airplane that man has dreamed about for many decades has become a reality. The XC-142-A can take off and land almost vertically and achieve a speed of 400 m.p.h. in flight. Its military and civilian uses are limitless.

11:32 First Domed Sports Stadium

In Houston, Texas a new concept is introduced to the United States, the "Astrodome". Completely enclosed by a dome 20 stories in height, the stadium is air conditioned throughout and unaffected by weather conditions. It will be used first by the Houston Astros baseball team and later for football and other events.

12:35 Civil Rights Freedom March

The long anticipated 54-mile Freedom March from Selma to Alabama's capital of Montgomery finally gets under way led by Rev. Martin Luther King. Twice before the marchers had been turned back by State troops. Now they march under a Federal Court Order and with the protection of federalized National Guard units and regular troops. No incidents of consequence occur during the early stages of the non-violent protest march which hopes to gather additional supporters along the way and culminate in presentation of a petition to Governor Wallace at the state capital.

14:09 A White Spring

It appears that Spring will be a little late this year, as untimely snows blanket much of the U.S. and Spring fashions in the shop windows fail to attract shoppers.

14:50 UCLA Wins Second Straight Title

The NCAA playoffs at Portland, Oregon see top-ranked Michigan toppled by UCLA, 91-80.

16:05 US Policy

The President projects America's policy on Vietnam in a speech at John Hopkins University. Mr. Johnson says that United States is ready to begin, without conditions, diplomatic discussions to end the war in Vietnam. He states that the United States is ready to start a billion dollar investment to bring economic independence to Southeast Asia, including North Vietnam.

17:31 Red Harassment In West Berlin

For the first time since the Red blockade of West Berlin in 1948, access routes to the city are shut down by the Communists. The Soviets try to block a meeting of the West German Parliament, but the meeting goes on as Red fighters buzz the meeting hall in violation of dozens of air safety regulations.

18:30 Oscar Night In Hollywood

Academy award go to "My Fair Lady" and its star Rex Harrison - Best Picture and Best Actor. Best Actress is bestowed on Julie Andrews for her role in Disney's "Mary Poppins" - a part she accepted after being by-passed for the movie version lead in "My Fair Lady" in which she created the original Liza Doolittle on the stage...and made theatrical history.

19:44 US Honours Astronauts

The "Gemini Twins" - newly nominated Lieutenant Colonels Jim McDivitt and space-walker Ed White - are guests at the White House as they receive Exceptional Service Medals of the Space Agency from President Johnson. Gemini program manager Charles W. Matthews also receives the Service Medal from the President.

20:37 Ben Bella Deposed In Algeria

Overnight, there's a new strongman in Algeria. Colonel Houari Boumedienne, President Ben Bella's right hand, turned against his friend and boss in a pre-dawn coup and assumed power - a surprise move since Boumedienne has been a long-time supporter of Ben Bella.

21:49 "The Art Of Love" Has Premiere

Ethel Merman takes part in a parade through the heart of Chicago to herald the world premiere of Ross Hunter's new picture, "The Art of Love".

22:32 Gary Player Takes Open

The U.S. Golf Open goes into overtime as Gary Player battles Ken Nagle in a playoff round. Five strokes ahead on the 8th hole, Player breezes in. He announces he is donating his purse to cancer research and for the development of junior golfers.

23:34 American Driver Wins At Le Mans

American-born Masten Gregory of Kansas City - copilot in an Italian Ferrari, wins the french race with Jochen Rindt of Austria. The 24-hour drive covers almost 3,000 miles.

25:13 More Troops Arrive In Vietnam

Members of the famed 101st Airborne Division arrive at Camranh Bay to reinforce United States forces in South Vietnam. The 3.900 paratroopers bring to 79.000 the number of American servicement now in South Vietnam, and that number will soon be increased.

26:40 Medicare Bill Signed

President Harry S. Truman is present at ceremonies that see the Medicare Bill signed into law by President Johnson. The former President campaigned for Medicare 20 years ago.

27:40 Mariner IV Photos Of Mars

Tracking stations are the cogs that made the Mariner IV flight a success. Like this one in Spain, they receive information from the satellite's tape recorder that is translated into remarkable space pictures of Mars.

29:47 Gymnasts From 40 Nations In Giant Meet

In Vienna they call it a gymnaestrada...but by any name it's a spectacular event. Beneath the national flags the gymnasts compete - not for prizes, but for the fun of it, showing their skills at everything from the trampoline to aestetic dances.

31:10 Riots In Watts Section Of Los Angeles Create Destruction

A sorrowful page is written in American history as six days of rioting in a Negro section of Los Angeles leave behind scenes reminiscent of war-torn cities. Fire damage alone is estimated at $200 million. Fire-men had to be issued flak suits to protect them from sniper's bullets as they fought fires. No attempt has yet been made to arrive at the losses suffered at the hands of lootes who stole everything from liquor to babies' play pens. As the National Guard moved in, 14.000 strong, approximately 3.000 arrests were made. Civil Rights leaders have issued statements deploring the lawlessness. An uneasy calm now prevails in the devastated area as 1.000 Guards remain on patrol and curfew has been imposed.

33:47 Marr Wins P.G.A Title

Dave Marr, who placed 65th (last) in 1964 comes back to win the 1965 tournament, beating out golf greats Sam Snead, Arnold Palmer, Jack Nicklaus and more.

35:36 New Miss America

"Miss Kansas" - Pre-Med student Deborah Bryant - is chosen over 49 other contestants

37:26 Spain And Australia Win US Tennis Titles

Manuel Santana becomes the first player from Spain ever to win the US Championship and Australia's Margaret Smith beats Billie Jean Moffitt of the United States to add the American title to her Wimbledon crown

39:25 The War In Vietnam

"Operation Piranha," one of the largest operations yet attempted by the US in Vietnam is shown in graphic detail. An amphibious task group of the United States 7th fleet sends an assault force of marines ashore to trap Vietcong troops on the Bantagan Peninsula where South Vietnamese troops have blocked all exits. It is the beginning of a week-long operation which sees some of the fiercest hand-to-hand engagements of the war in which over 200 Vietcong are wiped out, but again proves the difficulty of jungle fighting.

41:11 World Series Opening Day

Vice President Hubert Humphrey tosses out the first ball and the Minnesota Twins hitters send L.A.Dodgers ace Don Drysdale to the showers as they win the opening game 8-2 (Minnesota takes second game 5-1, but loses Series to Dodgers)

43:30 Berlin Escape

At a cemetery on the East-West Berlin border, an East Berliner's friends in the West raise a ladder to the wall and he climbs it up and over to freedom and his fiancee in West Berlin - one of a growing number of East Berliners who are making daring escapes despite vigilant border guards

44:32 A Fashion Display

At the Museum of Modern Art in Paris, models show fashions inspired by art.

45:50 Air Force Guns Down Army

The Air Force Falcons score their first victory over another Service Academy as they beat the Army football squad, 14-3.

47:30 The Big Blackout

They said it couldn't happen....but it does. The elaborate power grid supplying the Northeast United States and Canada fails. And 25 million people in an 80,000 square mile area are affected. In New York City the scene is particularly dramatic when all the bright lights of Manhattan go out. There are colossal traffic jams - nearly a million commuters are trapped in stalled subways - stranded people unable to get home sleep in hotel lobbies. But the citizens adapt to the situation somehow, and there will be many stories exchanged on "Where were you in the big blackout of 1965?"

SHOTLIST

AP Archive Instant Library - World News Review 2007

Tape Number: WNR/IL 2007

Sound: Nat Sot

Duration: 80 minutes 48 seconds

IRAQ

10:00:13

In January President Bush acknowledged for the first time that he had made a mistake by not ordering a military build-up in Iraq in 2006 and said he was increasing U.S. troops by 21,500 to quell the country's near-anarchy. "Where mistakes have been made, the responsibility rests with me," Bush said. The build-up puts Bush on a collision course with the new Democratic Congress and pushes the American troop presence in Iraq towards its highest level yet. It also runs counter to widespread anti-war passions among Americans and the advice of some top generals. In addition to extra U.S. forces, the plan envisions Iraq's committing 10,000 to 12,000 more troops to secure Baghdad's neighbourhoods.

509270

POOL

Washington DC - 10 Jan 2007

SOUNDBITE: (English) George W. Bush, US President:

"The situation in Iraq is unacceptable to the American people, and it is unacceptable to me. Our troops in Iraq have fought bravely. They have done everything we have asked them to do."

SOUNDBITE: (English) George W. Bush, US President:

"...our commanders say the Iraqis will need our help. So America will change our strategy to help the Iraqis carry out their campaign to put down sectarian violence and bring security to the people of Baghdad. This will require increasing American force levels. So I have committed more than 20,000 additional American troops to Iraq."

10:00:54

In January two of Saddam Hussein's co-defendants, the half-brother of Saddam Hussein, former intelligence chief Barzan Ibrahim and Awad Hamed al-Bandar, the former chief justice of the Revolutionary Court, were executed. Both were previously convicted and sentenced to hang on November 5th 2006 but the verdict was upheld by the appellate court on December 26th. The two men were sentenced to death alongside Saddam Hussein for the killing of 148 Sunni Muslims from the town of Dujail after a failed 1982 assassination attempt against Saddam in the northern city.

Barzan Ibrahim, one of three half-brothers of Saddam Hussein, was formerly head of the Iraqi secret service, the Mukhabarat, and was also Iraq's former representative to the United Nations until 1998. Awad Hamed al-Bandar presided over the Revolutionary Court's death sentencing after the attempt on Saddam's life in Dujail.

508468

AP/POOL

Baghdad - FILE

FILE: Baghdad, Iraq - 2006

1. Wide of defendants in dock

2. Close up of Barzan Ibrahim, Saddam's half brother and former chief of intelligence, rising to his feet

3. Awad Hamed al-Bandar, former head of Iraq's Revolutionary Court

4. Wide shot of defendants in the dock

10:01:15

In February a suicide truck bomber obliterated a Baghdad market in a mainly Shiite area, killing at least 132 people in the deadliest single suicide bomb strike in the capital since the US invasion in 2003. Suspicion fell on Sunni insurgents.

An explosive laden truck carrying a ton (0.9 metric tons) of ammunition hidden beneath cooking oil, canned food and bags of flour, levelled about 30 shops and 40 houses, witnesses said. The blast shaved the walls off nearby buildings, sending bricks, desks and other debris spilling onto Kifah Street, where the Sadriyah market was located. As people gathered around the scene of the blast, police fired into the air to disperse crowds fearing further attacks. The Health Ministry said more than 300 people were injured in the explosion that sent a column of smoke into the sky on the east bank of the Tigris River.

511800

AP TELEVISION

Baghdad - 4 Feb 2007

al-Sadriyah Neighbourhood

1. Various of bomb site, people gathered among rubble and wreckage

10:01:37

message traffic and provides counter-terrorism intelligence services for the American government. Al-Furqan is the media production house of the Islamic State of Iraq, an umbrella organisation for Sunni insurgency groups in Iraq including al-Qaeda.

Graphics overlaid onto the video footage claimed the attack took place in Iraq's Anbar province. No other details were provided.

The video depicted a man crawling under a stationary US armoured vehicle twice, each time to allegedly place explosives under the vehicle. At one point, graphics overlaid on to the video claim to indicate, with a red circle, US soldiers nearby completely unaware of the man's presence as he crawls away. Shortly afterwards the explosives are detonated destroying the vehicle.

516349

IntelCenter

Unknown Location, Unknown Date

++AP TELEVISION HAS NO WAY OF INDEPENDENTLY VERIFYING THE CONTENT, LOCATION OR DATE OF THIS AUDIO AND VIDEO++

++THIS VIDEO WAS MADE AVAILABLE TO AP TELEVISION BY INTELCENTER, A FIRM BASED IN ALEXANDRIA, IN THE US STATE OF VIRGINIA, THAT PROVIDES COUNTER-TERRORISM INTELLIGENCE SERVICES TO THE US GOVERNMENT

++PERMISSION IS GRANTED FOR USE IN PRINT, BROADCAST AND INTERNET MEDIA AS LONG AS THE INTELCENTER BUG REMAINS UNOBSCURED AND THE VIDEO IS CREDITED TO INTELCENTER ++

++AUDIO AS INCOMING++

++AUDIO INCLUDES SONGS AND ALSO SPEAKERS NOT RELATED TO THE VIDEO++

1. Man picks up more explosives and crawls back under tank - zoom out to wide shot - red circle graphic overlaid on to video claims to indicate nearby US soldiers - zoom in as man crawls away from vehicle.

2. Wide of vehicle explosion ++first seconds replayed three times++

10:02:01

In March Iraq's Sunni Vice-president Tariq al-Hashimi visited victims of a chlorine gas bomb attack at a military hospital inside Baghdad's Green Zone. Al-Hashimi spent a few minutes at the bedsides of several of the patients, many of them children. Some of the patients were on respirators.

In the attack, three suicide bombers drove trucks rigged with tanks of toxic chlorine gas and struck targets in heavily Sunni Anbar province, killing at least two people and sickening 350 Iraqi civilians and six US troops, the US military said. Seven children were among those affected in the attacks.

Chlorine, which irritates the respiratory system, eyes and skin at low exposure and can cause death in heavier concentrations, is easily accessible. It is used for water purification plants, bleaches and disinfectants. The primary effect of the chlorine attacks has been to spread panic. Although chlorine gas can be fatal, the heat from the explosions can render the gas non-toxic. Victims in the recent chlorine blasts died from the explosions, and not the effects of the gas.

516480

POOL

Baghdad, 19 March 2007

1. Iraqi Vice President Tariq al-Hashimi visiting hospital, talking to a patient on a respirator

2. Mid of patient

3. Al-Hashimi at the bedside of a sick child

4. Close-up of child showing a swollen eye, various tubes attached to face

5. Al-Hashimi standing to next to another ill child lying on stomach in hospital bed

10:02:22

On February 12th Saddam Hussein's former deputy was hanged for the killing of 148 Shiites, an official with the prime minister's office said. Taha Yassin Ramadan, who was Saddam's vice president when the regime was ousted four years ago, was the fourth man executed in the killings of 148 Shiites following a 1982 assassination attempt against the former leader in the city of Dujail.

Ramadan was convicted in November 2006 of murder, forced deportation and torture and sentenced to life in prison. A month later, the appeals court said the sentence was too lenient, and returned his case to the High Tribunal, demanding he be sentenced to death. The court agreed to turn it to a death sentence and an appeals court upheld the death sentence in February

516489

AP TELEVISION

Baghdad - February 12, 2007

1. Various of former Iraqi Vice President Taha Yassin Ramadan in court as judge passes death sentence

10:02:39

A suspected suicide bomber blew himself up in the Iraqi parliament cafeteria on Thursday 12th April, killing at least eight people and wounding dozens in a stunning assault in the heart of the heavily fortified, US-protected Green Zone. The security breach occurred in the third month of a US-Iraqi crackdown on violence in the capital.

State television said at least 30 people were wounded in the attack. The parliament bomber struck the cafeteria while several lawmakers were eating lunch, officials said. After the blast, security guards sealed the building and no one - including lawmakers - was allowed to enter or leave.

No-one claimed responsibility for the attack.

519098

POOL

Baghdad - 12 April 2007

1. Mid shot of parliament in session with members voting

519113

Agency Pool

Baghdad - 12 April 2007

2. Zoom in and out of smoky hallway, men running past UPSOUND: shouting

3. Tracking shot of smoke filled room, men dragging out man on chair

10:03:00

Four large bombs exploded in mostly Shiite areas across Baghdad on Wednesday 18th April, killing at least 183

people and wounding scores as unrelenting violence severely undermined a two-month old US-Iraqi crackdown to secure the capital.

It was the worst single day of violence since the US-led security clampdown in capital began in February.

In the bloodiest of the attacks, a parked car bomb detonated in a crowd of workers at the Sadriyah market in central Baghdad, killing at least 112 people and wounding 115, according to a hospital official. A police official confirmed the toll, speaking on condition of anonymity because he was not authorised to release the information.

Among the dead were several construction workers, who had been rebuilding the mostly Shiite marketplace after a bomb destroyed many shops and killed 137 people there in February, the police official said.

The market is situated on a side street lined with shops and vendors selling produce, meat and other staples.

About an hour earlier, a suicide car bomber crashed into an Iraqi police checkpoint at an entrance to Sadr City, the capital's biggest Shiite Muslim neighbourhood and a stronghold for the militia led by radical anti-US cleric Muqtada al-Sadr.

The explosion killed at least 30 people, including five Iraqi security officers, and wounded 45, police said.

Earlier, a parked car exploded near a private hospital in the central neighbourhood of Karradah, killing 11 people and wounding 13, police said.

The blast damaged the Abdul-Majid hospital and other nearby buildings.

The fourth explosion was from a bomb left on a minibus in the north-western Risafi area, killing four people and wounding six others, police said.

519721

AP TELEVISION

Baghdad - 18 April 2007

SADRIYAH - AT LEAST 112 KILLED

1. Thick plumes of smoke rising from scene of blast

2. Various of people gathered around looking at wreckage from bombings, women grieving on balcony

SADR CITY - AT LEAST 30 KILLED

4. Wide of blast scene with ambulances and smoke rising UPSOUND: siren

5. Crowd attempting to move wrecked car

6. Fire-fighters alongside cars, spraying water

519827

AP TELEVISION

Baghdad - 19 April 2007

Sadriyah - Baghdad

7. Wide pan of burnt out minibuses

10:03:44

It was reported on Tuesday 1st May that the leader of al-Qaeda in Iraq Abu Ayyub al-Masri had reportedly been killed on Monday 20th April in an area north of the capital Baghdad. But Iraqi Deputy Prime Minister, Barham Saleh emphasised the fact that these reports had yet to be been confirmed.

"I insert the word, it is 'preliminary' reports that he was killed probably yesterday in Taji area in a battle involving a couple of insurgents groups, and possibly some tribal people who have been having problems with al-Qaeda,'' he said.

Tribesmen in the western Anbar province have been fighting al-Qaeda for weeks and claim to have killed dozens of them.

However The Islamic State of Iraq - an Iraqi insurgent umbrella group - published a statement on the internet denying that al-Masri had been killed.

The statement, on a website commonly used by insurgents, said al-Masri was alive and "still fighting the enemy of God".

Al-Masri, an Egyptian militant also known as Abu Hamza al-Muhajer, took over leadership of the group and was endorsed by Osama bin Laden after Abu Musab al-Zarqawi was killed last June in a US air-strike in Diyala province.

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AP PHOTO/AP TELEVISION

Baghdad - 1 May 2007/File

AP PHOTO: (made available by US military)

1. STILL of Abu Ayyub al-Masri who is purportedly the man claiming to be leader of al-Qaeda in Iraq and is apparently the same person as a man identified by the nom de guerre, Abu Hamza al-Muhajer

++AP TELEVISION HAS NO MEANS OF INDEPENDENTLY VERIFYING THE CONTENT OF THE VIDEO BEING PLAYED TO REPORTERS AT THE NEWS CONFERENCE++

AP Television

FILE: Baghdad - 1 October 2006

2. Zoom in to screen showing a video, purportedly of Abu Ayyub al-Masri, leader of al-Qaeda in Iraq, being shown on screen to reporters when there were reports claiming he had been killed

10:03:54

US-led forces in Iraq conducting a crackdown on al-Qaeda killed a senior member of the insurgent group who was responsible for the high-profile kidnappings of several Westerners, a US military spokesman told journalists on Thursday 3rd May whilst the Iraqi Interior ministry further clouded days of confusion by stating that two different operatives, one of whom the US said it had killed, were in fact the same man.

US Major General William Caldwell said the killing of Muharib Abdul-Latif al-Jubouri, described as al-Qaeda's information minister, had apparently led to confused reports that two other men had been killed - Abu Omar al-Baghdadi, the head of an umbrella group of insurgents which includes al-Qaeda, and Abu Ayyub al-Masri, the head of al-Qaeda in Iraq.

Al-Jubouri was killed while trying to resist detention in an operation about six kilometres (four miles) west of the Taji air base, north of Baghdad, early on Tuesday morning, he said.

Caldwell said the body was initially identified by photos, then confirmed by DNA testing on Wednesday.

Al-Jubouri was alleged to have been deeply involved in the kidnapping of American reporter Jill Carroll, who was released, and Tom Fox, one of four men from the Chicago-based peace group Christian Peacemaker Teams who was found fatally shot in Baghdad on March 10, 2006.

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POOL

Baghdad, 3 May 2007/File

1. Zoom into close up of photo of bloated dead body of man Iraqi Interior Ministry claim is Abu Omar al-Baghdadi, at Iraqi Interior Ministry news conference

2. Photo of Muharib Abdul-Latif al-Jubouri, shown at news conference

10:04:04

In June an Iraqi court sentenced Saddam Hussein's cousin, Ali Hassan al-Majid, and two other former regime officials to death by hanging for their roles in a 1980s scorched-earth campaign that led to the deaths of 180-thousand Kurds.

Al-Majid, the former head of the Baath Party's Northern Bureau Command, trembled and stood silently as the judge read the verdict. Al-Majid was better known as "Chemical Ali", a nickname he earned for his alleged use of chemical weapons

The judge, Mohammed Oreibi al-Khalifa, said al-Majid was convicted of genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes for ordering army and security services to use chemical weapons in a large-scale offensive that killed or maimed thousands.

Saddam's former defence minister and his armed forces deputy director were also sentenced to hang for their roles in the so-called "Operation Anfal" campaign.

The judge sent former minister Sultan Hashim Ahmad al-Tai to the gallows after ruling that the defendant ordered a large-scale attack against civilians and used chemical weapons and deportation against the Kurds.

The former deputy director of operations for the Iraqi Armed Forces, Hussein Rashid Mohammed, was sentenced to death after he was convicted of drawing up military plans and other allegations against the Kurds.

Two other former regime officials - Farhan Mutlaq Saleh, former head of military intelligence's eastern regional office, and former director of military intelligence under Saddam Hussein and Sabir al-Douri, were sentenced to life in prison.

The judge announced that the charges had been dropped against Taher Tawfiq al-Ani, the former governor of Mosul and head of the Northern Affairs Committee, because of insufficient evidence.

That decision had been expected as the prosecutor had requested that al-Ani be released.

Kurds welcomed the verdicts as their chance to taste vengeance, although the case did not deal with the most notorious gassing - the March 1988 attack on the northern city of Halabja that killed an estimated five thousand Kurds.

A Kurdish resident of Halabja, scene of a notorious chemical attack which claimed the lives of thousands, said he wanted al-Majid and his co-defendants to be executed in the cemetery where many of the victims are buried.

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AP TELEVISION/POOL

Baghdad/Halabja - 24 June 2007

1. Wide of Ali Hassan al-Majid, Hussein Rashid Mohammed, Farhan Mutlaq Saleh, Sabir al-Douri, Taher Tawfiq al-Ani and Sultan Hashim Ahmad al-Tai in dock

2. Chief Judge Mohammed Oreibi al-Khalifa

3. Ali Hassan al-Majid

4. Ali Hassan al-Majid (Chemical Ali)

Halabja north of Baghdad

5. Sign reading: ''Welcome to Halabja''

6. Gravestones and monument representing man disfigured due to chemicals

7. Man reciting verses from Holy Quran

10:04:30

Tension was high on the border between Iraq and Turkey in October. Funerals were held on Monday 8th October for 13 Turkish soldiers killed in an ambush in the south-eastern province of Sirnak. After the funeral, at a military compound in Sirnak, the bodies of the soldiers were taken to their hometowns by ambulance and helicopter. Mehmet Gungor, one of the attendees, blamed the PKK, or Kurdistan Workers' Party, for the attack.

On 8th October, the Turkey's government met to discuss what to do next after Turkish troops shelled an area near Iraq to try to stop the rebels from escaping across the border. Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan said that Turkey would take up the issue of fight against the PKK.

Turkey has been pressing Iraq and the United States to hit PKK bases in northern Iraq, and has considered a unilateral military operation across the border to root out the rebels.

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AP TELEVISION

Sirnak - 8 Oct 2007

1. Wide of military at gate to Sirnak Military Compound

2. Close-up of photos of the 13 killed soldiers

3. Wide of helicopters taking bodies of soldiers back to their hometowns, zoom-in to one of helicopters, zoom-out to helicopters flying away

10:04:42

Residents of a Kurdish village near the Iraqi-Turkish border said their village and surrounding area was "bombarded by Turkish army artillery" late on the evening of Monday 8th October.

On Tuesday 9th October, a villager from Dera Loc - near the Ibrahim al-Khalil border crossing between Kurdistan and Turkey - pointed out the village which he says "was bombarded by Turkish army artillery.''

Villagers in Dera Loc pointed out craters in the ground which they said were a result of the alleged bombardment.

Turkish officials did confirm that troops had shelled an area, in Turkey, near the Iraqi border to try to stop rebels from escaping across the border following the rebel attack.

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AP TELEVISION

Dera loc, Iraq - 9/8 Oct 2007

Dera Loc, Iraq - 9 October 2007

1. Smoke rising from mountains around Dera Loc village

2. Wide of village

3. Various of craters in ground

4. Wide of smoke rising over mountains surrounding village ++MUTE++

5. Wide village ++MUTE++

10:04:56

Turkish soldiers continued patrolling the Iraq border on Friday 12th October, as Turkish prime minister said his country would be ready to pay the price of an Iraq campaign, if it decided to go ahead with a cross-border offensive against Kurdish rebels in northern Iraq.

Turkey accuses Kurdish rebels of crossing back and forth from bases in Iraq, using remote, mountain passes that are difficult to monitor.

In recent months, Turkey has increasingly criticised both the US and Iraq for failing to eliminate the Kurdish rebel bases, and most parties in the 550-seat Turkish assembly were expected to support the motion for an incursion.

Rebels of the Kurdistan Workers Party, or PKK, have been fighting for autonomy in southeast Turkey since 1984 in a conflict that has claimed tens of thousands of lives.

Turkey conducted two dozen large-scale incursions into Iraq between the late 1980s and 1997.

The last such operation, in 1997, involved tens of thousands of troops and government-paid village guards.

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AP TELEVISION

Sirnak - 12 Oct 2007

1. Patrol platoon with armoured vehicle and signal jammer truck to avoid remote controlled mine explosions

2. Soldiers searching for mines

3. Close of soldier using binoculars to check mountains for extremists

4. Armoured vehicle driving over camera on road

ISRAEL / PALESTINE

10:05:27

A senior Palestinian security officer allied with Fatah was killed when Hamas militants laid siege to his house in the northern Gaza Strip, Palestinian officials and witnesses said. The officer, Colonel Mohammed Ghayeb, was the chief of the Preventive Security Service in northern Gaza. His killing was expected to trigger revenge attacks by the men under his command. Ghayeb was on the phone to Palestine TV just moments before his death and appealed for help as his house in Beit Lahiya came under attack. The battle outside the house raged for much of the day and killed four of Ghayeb's guards and a Hamas gunman. About three dozen people, including eight children, were also wounded.

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AP TELEVISION

Jebaliya, 4 Jan 2007

++NIGHT SHOTS++

1. Ambulance arriving with body of Colonel Mohammed Ghayeb

2. Close up of Ghayeb's face

10:05:36

Palestinian militants allied to President Mahmoud Abbas marched into a Nablus bank on January 28th and snatched a local Hamas leader in front of news crews and startled tellers, as violent confrontation between Abbas' Fatah movement and the radical Islamic Hamas spilled over from the Gaza Strip into the West Bank. A group of about 15 Al-Aqsa gunmen had been roaming the streets of Nablus looking for known Hamas members, and attracting a tail of newsmen as they went, when they stormed into the city's Arab Islamic Bank and spotted Fayyad Al-Arba. Without bothering to mask their faces or stop news cameras recording the scene they hustled the protesting Hamas man out of the building and into a car, which sped away. Abu Jabal, head of Al-Aqsa Brigades in Nablus, said his men had abducted between ten and fifteen people. "Our demand is the resignation of the interior minister (Said Siyam) and the suppression of the executive force in Gaza," he said.

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AP TELEVISION

Nablus - 28 Jan 2007

1. Various of Abu Jabal, head of Al-Aqsa Brigades in Nablus in street

2. Gunmen taking Hamas official out of the building plus shots fired

3. Gunmen putting Hamas official in vehicle outside

10:05:56

Palestinian Prime Minister Ismail Haniyeh of Hamas urged gunmen to withdraw from Gaza City's streets in February, after both Hamas and the rival Fatah movement violated a ceasefire deal. Fatah spokesman Abdel Hakim Awad said both sides involved in the factional clashes affecting Gaza were in constant contact to end the violence and preserve an agreed truce. Hamas and Fatah gunmen have clashed at Cabinet ministries, universities and security headquarters in defiance of the truce that it was hoped would calm the seething Gaza Strip. Gunmen set up roadblocks at various points in the city, stopping cars and searching them for rivals.

More than 100 Palestinians have been killed in internal violence since Hamas, which rejects Israel's right to exist, won parliamentary elections a year ago and wrested power from Fatah, which advocates peacemaking with the Jewish state.

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AP TELEVISION/ AGENCY COMMON

Gaza City - 3 Feb 2007

1. Armed masked gunmen walking in street, AUDIO: Gunshot

2. Medium shot of Shefa hospital entrance with people sheltering from gunfire

10:06:10

In February Israeli workers began a dig at a centuries-old walkway that leads to a holy site disputed by Muslims and Jews. Palestinians have warned the work just outside the site, known to Muslims as the Noble Sanctuary and to Jews as the Temple Mount, would inflame already high tensions and officials suggested Israel is planning to damage the compound, Islam's third-holiest site.

Palestinians demonstrated outside the Holy Land's most contentious religious site throughout February, protesting against construction work being carried out by Israel on a new ramp up to the hilltop compound. Israeli police stormed the shrine after noon prayers on February 9th, firing stun grenades and tear gas to disperse hundreds of Muslim worshippers who threw stones, bottles and refuse in an eruption of outrage over contentious Israeli renovation work. The clash came after days of mounting tensions over the work and raised concern that protests could spread to the West Bank and Gaza, as they did at the start of the second Palestinian uprising in 2000. About 200 police streamed on to the hilltop compound known to Muslims as the Noble Sanctuary and to Jews as the Temple Mount, to try to quell the violence, police spokesman Micky Rosenfeld said. As many as 300 protesters barricaded themselves inside the Al-Aqsa mosque at the compound. Seventeen protesters and 15 police officers were slightly injured, police said.

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Israel - Israel begins contentious renovation near disputed holy site

AP TELEVISION

Jerusalem - 6 Feb 2007

1. Wide of Old City and Al-Aqsa mosque

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Israel - Protests continue against Israeli construction at Muslim holy site

AP TELEVISION

Jerusalem, 8 Feb 2007

2. Bulldozer working near site

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Israel - Violence at disputed Jerusalem holy site

AP TELEVISION

Jerusalem - 9 Feb 2007

3. Protester being arrested by police

4. Soldiers in positions on wall of Old City AUDIO: gunfire and sirens

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Israel - Police, Muslim worshippers clash at disputed Jerusalem holy site

AP TELEVISION

Jerusalem - 9 Feb 2007

5. Muslim worshippers throwing stones inside mosque compound, tear gas being fired

6. Man praying in midst of clashes

7. Policemen firing tear gas at protesters, storming mosque

8. Various of clashes

10:07:19

The new Hamas-Fatah coalition won overwhelming parliament approval on March 17th, clearing a final formal hurdle before taking on the challenge of persuading a sceptical world to end a crippling year-long boycott of the Palestinian government. Speaking after the vote, Palestinian chief negotiator Saeb Erekat, a close ally of President Mahmoud Abbas, said he hoped "everyone in this government, including the Prime Minister will act as the prime minister, minister of all the Palestinians, and not just to serve their interests." After the 83-3 vote was announced, lawmakers jumped up from their seats and clapped. In all, parliament has 132 members, but 41 of them are in Israeli detention.

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AP TELEVISION

Gaza City - 17 March 2007

Gaza city, Gaza strip

1. Parliament speaker Ahmad Bahar, Palestinian Prime Minister Ismail Haniyeh and Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas hold hands and wave

2. Various of Parliament members raising hands in favour of government

3. Bahar talks and then hugs and kisses Haniyeh, the two shake hands

10:07:35

Kidnappers freed a Peruvian news photographer held since January 1st, according to officials from the Palestinian Fatah movement. The photographer, Jaime Razuri, worked for the French news agency AFP. The 50-year-old was abducted at gunpoint from a part of central Gaza City where many foreign journalists have offices. There was no immediate word on who the kidnappers were.

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AP TELEVISION

Gaza City, 7 Jan 2007

1. Mid of Peruvian photographer Jaime Razuri with Tayeb Abdel Rahim, Abbas aide

2. Close-up of Razuri

10:07:44

In March masked Palestinians kidnapped a BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) reporter at gunpoint from his car in Gaza City, Palestinian security officials said. As he was being taken, the journalist threw a business card on the street that identified him as Alan Johnston of the BBC, the officials said. Four gunmen carried out the kidnapping, and Johnston's car was found abandoned near his Gaza City apartment, security officials said, who asked that their names not be used as they were not authorised to speak to the media. Police found the lease of the rental car, which stated the vehicle was rented to the BBC.

Palestinian journalists later held a sit-in, to call for the release of Johnston.

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Gaza - BBC TV reporter kidnapped in Gaza

AP TELEVISION

Gaza city - 12 March 2007

1. Alan Johnston's BBC car in Gaza police station

516305

Gaza - Protesters ask for the release of kidnapped BBC journalist

AP TELEVISION

Gaza City, 17 March 2007

++PLEASE NOTE: VIDEO QUALITY AS INCOMING++

2. Medium of demo outside Shawa building

3. Close up of sign with Alan Johnston's picture on it

10:07:59

In March three masked Palestinian gunmen fired on a vehicle carrying the chief of the U.N. refugee mission in Gaza and tried to kidnap him. The target of the attempt was John Ging, head of the U.N. Relief and Works Agency (UNWRA) in Gaza. He said no one was hurt in the kidnap attempt, in northern Gaza. Ging said he, a driver and a security official were travelling in an armoured vehicle when the gunmen jumped out of a white Subaru and opened fire. He said the men had tried to force the car door open, but the driver managed to speed away, under continued gunfire. The vehicle was clearly marked with the U.N. insignia and a U.N. flag, he said. Eleven bullets pierced the car, Ging added. The incident took place about half a mile (one kilometre) from the Erez passenger crossing into Israel, he said.

No one claimed responsibility

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AP TELEVISION

Gaza City - File

FILE: Gaza City - 3 November 2006

1. John Ging, head of the U.N. Relief and Works Agency in Gaza walking into room

10:08:06

Hamas reluctantly brought Fatah into the coalition in March 2007 to quell an earlier round of violence, but the uneasy partnership began crumbling in May over control of the powerful security forces.

The two factions have warred sporadically since Hamas took power from Fatah last year, but never with such intensity.

A militant commander affiliated with Palestinian president Mahmoud Abbas' Fatah movement was shot dead in May, in the most serious attack since Abbas launched a new effort to calm a wave of violence in the Gaza Strip earlier in the month.

Fatah quickly blamed the rival Hamas group, with which it shares power in the Palestinian government, and the dead man's comrades vowed revenge.

.

Hamas fighters launched a fierce offensive on Gaza City in June, attacking the main security bases and the president's compound with mortars and rockets and sending some of the rival Fatah forces fleeing in disarray as the Islamic group appeared close to taking over the entire Gaza Strip. At least 60 died in the June campaign

Khan Younis fell to Hamas when militants detonated a one-ton bomb underneath a security headquarters there, demolishing the building and killing at least one person, Palestinian security and medical officials said.

Security forces later said they lost control of the town.

The building was destroyed by a bomb planted in a tunnel underneath it, said Ali Qaisi, a presidential guard spokesman.

At least one person was killed and eight others were injured, medics said.

A group of boys ran to the local mosque to seek shelter from the crossfire of a fierce gunfire they found themselves caught in. They were trapped inside the mosque for almost an hour.

Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas moved quickly to cement his rule in the West Bank on the 15th of June, as major political fallout from Hamas' military rout of Fatah in Gaza continued.

He replaced the Hamas Prime Minister, Ismail Haniyeh, with Finance Minister Salam Fayyad, an internationally respected economist, and a new moderate government was to be formed later in the day.

A Hamas military victory in Gaza would split Palestinian territory into two, with the Islamic militants controlling the coastal strip and Western-backed Fatah ruling the West Bank, pushing hopes for statehood even further away. Hamas fighters who wrested control of most of the Gaza Strip focused their firepower on 14th June on the battle's top prizes - Fatah's security and political command centres in Gaza City.

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AP TELEVISION

Gaza - 14 June 2007

1. Wide of Gaza City skyline at dawn/UPSOUND: gunfire

2. Wide of skyline/ UPSOUND: Gunfire

522497

AP TELEVISION

Gaza City - 13 May 2007

3. Two women crying

4. Male relatives kissing face of militant commander Baha Abu Jarad, of the Al Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades

5. People grieving around body

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AP TELEVISION

Khan Younis, southern Gaza Strip, Gaza City's Shojaiyeh District, Gaza Strip, and Gaza City, near the Egyptian Representation Office, Gaza Strip - 13 June 2007

Khan Younis, southern Gaza Strip

6. Walking shot of people in the street running to hide from gunfire, UPSOUND: gunfire

7. Boys hiding at local mosque, pan right to people hiding from gunfire underneath tin roof, UPSOUND: gunfire

8. Various of boys taking refuge inside mosque, UPSOUND: gunfire

Gaza City's Shojaiyeh District, Gaza Strip

9. UPSOUND: gunfire, people scatter

Gaza City, near the Egyptian Representation Office, Gaza Strip

10. Man in traditional dress with flags of all Palestinian factions tied together, waving at gunmen on street corner, UPSOUND: gunfire

11. Gunman firing, man stopping him, pushing him back, UPSOUND: gunfire

526448

AP TELEVISION

Ramallah, West Bank and Gaza City, Gaza Strip - 15 June 2007/File

Gaza City, Gaza Strip - 15 June 2007

12. Various of Palestinian Prime Minister Ismail Haniyeh arriving at demonstration and waving to crowd UPSOUND: cheering and gunfire

Ramallah, West Bank - 15 June 2007

13. Close-up on Palestinian flag

14. Mid of Abbas at Friday Prayers

526224

AP TELEVISION

Nablus, West Bank - 13 June 2007

15. Gunfire exchanged with Al Aqsa Brigades gunmen

16. Mid of gunmen

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AP TELEVISION

Khan Younis - 13 June 2007

17. Back shot of militant holding rifle, UPSOUND: gunfire

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AP TELEVISION

Rafah, Gaza Strip -14 June 2007

18. Wide of the explosion of a Fatah-allied security building, (also called Preventive Security building) pull out to show crowd cheering and clapping and running towards the scene: UPSOUND: gunfire

19. Masked Hamas fighters rising up from their kneeling position on the road, after prayers, other gunmen firing into the air

20. Masked Hamas gunmen carrying away computers from scene

526447

AP TELEVISION

Gaza city, Gaza Strip - 15 June 2007

21. Wide of jeep carrying masked Hamas military wing spokesman Abu Obeideh with other fighters

22. Close-up of masked fighter

10:10:15

Palestinian security forces allied with Fatah arrested three dozen Hamas members in the West Bank on 14th June.

The move came as Hamas were close to a military takeover of the Gaza Strip.

Fatah leaders said a decision was made by security commanders to crack down on Hamas in the West Bank, to prevent it from taking any positions in that territory, a Fatah stronghold.

Arrests of Hamas activists were reported in the West Bank towns of Jenin, Nablus, Jericho, Ramallah and Bethlehem.

In Nablus, masked security agents and Fatah gunmen rode together in cars, searching for Hamas members, and broke into several homes of Hamas activists.

In one area, a brief firefight erupted, with Fatah and Hamas gunmen exchanging fire in the centre of the West Bank city.

On Saturday16th June Fatah gunmen took over the Hamas-controlled city council in Nablus and other Hamas-run institutions in the West Bank.

Gunmen arrived at the council building shooting in the air, walked in and then climbed to the roof where they hung flags of Al Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades, the military wing of Fatah, from the roof.

In Ramallah, at the parliament building, Fatah supporters chanted, "Hamas Out," climbed on the roof of the building and fired in the air.

They placed Fatah and Palestinian flags on the building.

Gunmen entered the office of Deputy Speaker Hassan Kreisheh and tried to seize him, but Fatah employees stopped them.

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AP TELEVISION

Nablus, West Bank - 14 June 2007

1. Fatah gunman gathering in city centre

2. Mid of gunman aiming weapon

3. Gunfire erupting, people running to take cover, gunmen aiming weapons, UPSOUND: gunfire

4. Various of office supply and furniture thrown from offices of Palestinian Legislative Council

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AP TELEVISION

Nablus - 16 June 2007

5. Fatah gunmen approaching building while shooting in the air, pan to gunmen gathered outside building entrance

6. Pan from mid of masked gunmen to fighters at entrance

7. Tilt up from gunmen in street to rooftop with two flags, pan back to gunmen shooting into the air

8. Zoom in to more gunmen on rooftop

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AP TELEVISION

Ramallah, West Bank - 16 June 2007

9. Top shot Fatah gunmen coming out of building pulling Deputy Speaker Hassan Kreisheh, out of the building, Kreisheh stumbling in the scrum

10. Various of Fatah gunmen approaching another building

11. Exterior of the Council of Ministers building, gunmen entering

10:11:22

Deposed Palestinian Prime Minister Ismail Haniyeh of Hamas on Sunday 24th June called for the kidnapping of British journalist Alan Johnston to end, as a new video recording was seen, which shows Johnston wearing what appears to be an explosives belt.

In the video, Johnston warns the belt, which is of the type suicide bombers use, will be detonated if an attempt is made to free him by force.

The one-minute-42-second tape, called "Alan's Appeal," was posted on a Web site used by militant groups to post their messages.

The video was made by the Army of Islam, a shadowy group with apparent al-Qaeda links that claimed responsibility for snatching Johnston, a correspondent with the British Broadcasting Corporation, from a Gaza City street on 12th of March.

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INTELCENTER

Video date and Location Unknown

++AP TELEVISION HAS NO WAY OF INDEPENDENTLY VERIFYING THE CONTENT, LOCATION OR DATE OF THIS AUDIO AND VIDEO.++

++THIS VIDEO WAS MADE AVAILABLE TO AP TELEVISION BY INTELCENTER, A FIRM BASED IN ALEXANDRIA, IN THE US STATE OF VIRGINIA, THAT PROVIDES COUNTER-TERRORISM INTELLIGENCE SERVICES TO THE US GOVERNMENT.++

++PERMISSION IS GRANTED FOR USE IN PRINT, BROADCAST AND INTERNET MEDIA AS LONG AS THE INTELCENTER BUG REMAINS UNOBSCURED AND THE VIDEO IS CREDITED TO INTELCENTER. ++

++AP TELEVISION HAS NOT EDITED THE MILITANT VIDEO.++

1. SOUNDBITE: (English) Alan Johnston, Kidnapped BBC Journalist: (Includes on-screen graphics)

"Captors tell me that very promising negotiations were ruined when the Hamas movement and the British government decided to press for a military solution to this kidnapping and the situation is now very serious. As you can see I've been dressed in what is an explosive belt, which the kidnappers say will be detonated if there's any attempt to storm this area. They say they are ready to turn the hideout into what they describe as a death zone if there's an attempt to free me by force."

10:12:03

An Israeli aircraft attacked a car in the northern Gaza Strip on Monday 7th May, saying the vehicle was carrying militants preparing to fire rockets into Israel.

The air strike occurred shortly after Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert warned of severe consequences if recent rocket fire out of Gaza continued.

The attack occurred near Beit Hanoun, allegedly a frequent launching ground for Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel.

The Islamic Jihad, a militant group in northern Gaza, said its members were in the car on a 'holy mission.'

Israeli citizens in Sderot ran to shelters in panic on Wednesday 16th May as Hamas militants fired eight rockets into Israel, following a barrage of around 20 rockets that seriously wounded an Israeli woman on Tuesday.

Wednesday's rocket salvo at the southern Israeli town of Sderot, just outside Gaza, continued a barrage that began in earnest on Tuesday 15th and wounded 21 Israelis, one seriously, a woman whose house took a direct hit.

There were no casualties on Wednesday morning, but school was cancelled in Sderot and residents huddled in bomb shelters.

Hamas said its rockets were retaliation for Israeli violence.

A Hamas compound in central Gaza City was one of three targets hit by Israeli air strikes on Thursday 17th May, adding a new layer of violence to internecine Palestinian fighting that has paralysed the Gaza Strip.

One person was killed at least 45 people were wounded at the compound, Palestinian witnesses and medical officials said.

Two other people were killed and scores injured in later air strikes in Gaza City.

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AP TELEVISION

Gaza City - 20 June 2007

Jebaliyah refugee camp

1. Hamas supporters burning Israeli flags

Gaza City

2. Masked Palestinian boy marching with Hamas ribbon round his head

521817

Islamic Jihad Video

Purportedly Gaza - 7 May 2007

++AP TELEVISION NEWS HAS NO WAY OF INDEPENDENTLY VERIFYING THE AUTHENTICITY, DATE AND LOCATION OF THE VIDEO HANDOUT++

3. Rocket being launched

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AP TELEVISION

Sderot, Israel - 15/16 May 2007

4. Children running towards shelter shouting, UPSOUND: rocket exploding

5. People walking away from house, camera tracks to window and films smoky interior

6. Various of damaged house

7. Various of damaged furniture and household items

523013

AP TELEVISION

Gaza City - 17 May 2007

8. Wide of smoke rising over Gaza skyline

9. Man gesturing to people inside the bombed out building, UPSOUND: Gunfire/Sirens

10. Top shot of rubble and rescuers

11. Body being carried out on stretcher

10:13:14

Kidnapped by Palestinian gunmen in Gaza for in March, British journalist Alan Johnston had only one link to the world, a radio that picked up British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) programmes reporting frantic efforts to free him. Confined to a dark room by his captors, Johnston told the BBC after his release on July 4th that he was often unsure if he was going to live or die.

He thanked his colleagues for standing by him; "I'm so immensely grateful for that, and I will be all my life," Johnston said in Jerusalem, addressing a BBC rally in London celebrating his release.

Johnston, a native of Scotland who reported from Gaza for the BBC for three years, was snatched from a Gaza City street by masked gunmen on March 12, shoved into a car and spirited away. Johnston was one of in a string of foreigners kidnapped in Gaza, though his time in captivity was by far the longest.

He was released before dawn on July 4th in a deal between Gaza's Hamas rulers and his kidnappers from the Army of Islam, a group run by one of Gaza's most notorious and heavily armed crime families, the Doghmush clan.

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AP Television

Gaza City - 4 July 2007

1. Deposed Palestinian Prime Minister, Ismail Haniyeh, putting Palestinian sash around freed BBC journalist Alan Johnston's neck

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AP TELEVISION

Gaza City - 4 July 2007

2. Various of BBC Journalist Alan Johnston being escorted by Hamas security after being released from deposed Palestinian Prime Minister Ismail Haniyeh's office

528398

POOL

Jerusalem - 4 July 2007

3. Johnston waving to crowds and shaking hands with British Consul-General in Jerusalem, Richard Makepeace

10:13:40

In September Police claimed to have cracked a cell of young Israeli neo-Nazis suspected in at least 15 attacks on foreign workers, drug addicts, homosexuals and observant Jews. Eight gang members have been arrested, and a ninth fled the country, police spokesman Micky Rosenfeld said.

"This was a cell, an active neo-Nazi group that in fact began here in Israel carrying out attacks and sabotage as well as different attacks on individuals. Unfortunately a number of individuals were injured," police spokesman Micky Rosenfeld said.

All are in their late teens or early 20s, immigrated from the former Soviet Union and have Israeli citizenship, Rosenfeld also said.

The gang documented its activities on film and in photographs, and Israeli TV stations showed grainy footage of people lying helpless on floors while several people kicked them.

535848

AP TELEVISION/POLICE HANDOUT

Various - 9 Sept 2007

Ramleh, near Tel Aviv - 9 September 2007

AP Television news

1. Members of Neo Nazi suspects getting out of car

2. Members of cell walking in court room

3. Courtroom symbol on wall

4. Mid of Neo Nazi suspects

Tel Aviv - Recent

Police Handout

6. Various of Neo Nazi cell members beating by-passers at central bus station in Tel Aviv

7. STILL of drawing of man holding Neo- Nazi flag

8. Cell members beating man

9. STILL of man giving Nazi salute

10. Various of cell members beating up a man

10:14:08

On September 28th some 20-thousand mourners gathered in Jerusalem to accompany the body of Rabbi Avraham Shapira, an Israeli spiritual leader, to its final resting place, the Mount of Olives. Shapira, famous for urging soldiers to disobey orders to evacuate the Gaza Strip, died in Jerusalem at the age of 94. A chief rabbi in Israel for 10 years beginning in 1983, Shapira spent much of his life fighting vigorously against territorial concessions to the Palestinians - emerging as one of the Jewish state's most divisive religious figures. To his followers, however, Shapira was a sage. When he was taken to the hospital earlier in the week, thousands prayed for his well-being at Jerusalem's Western Wall, Judaism's holiest site. Because the funeral took place during the joyous, week-long Jewish festival of Sukkot, or Feast of Tabernacles, rabbis told mourners it was best to avoid crying.

538115

Thousands at funeral of chief rabbi who opposed land handover

AP TELEVISION

Jerusalem - 28 Sep 2007

Mount of Olives, Jerusalem

1. Wide of mourners marching during funeral procession, Dome of the Rock in background

2. Wide of mourners marching in funeral

3. Mid of people carrying body of Rabbi Avraham Shapira to burial at cemetery

4. Mid of man crying

5. Wide of mourners at funeral, Dome of the Rock in background

LEBANON

10:14:34

Opposition protesters blocked roads with car tyres around the Lebanese capital of Beirut and other regions on January 23rd to enforce a general strike aimed at toppling Prime Minister Fuad Saniora's government. Opposition activists turned out early in the morning to burn tyres on major highways north, south and east of the city as well as a ring road around downtown Beirut, sending black clouds of smoke billowing in the air, witnesses said. Army troops and fire engines moved in to remove the obstacles. The road to Beirut international airport was blocked, as were the highway linking Beirut with the mountains and the highway to Damascus, the Syrian capital, Hezbollah's television stations reported. Scores of opposition supporters took the streets and in some instances security forces stood by and watched.

510522

AP TELEVISION

Beirut - 23 Jan 2007

++PRE DAWN SHOTS++

1. Wide top shot of city skyline with plumes of smoke rising from fires

2. Wide shot of protesters and tyres on fire

3. Wide shot of military vehicles arriving at the scene

4. Strikers protesting

510536

AP TELEVISION

Beirut - 23 Jan 2007

5. Lebanese army arresting a protestor

6. Various of clashes in the street

7. Lebanese army shooting in the air

10:15:17

Hezbollah leader Sheik Hassan Nasrallah told a crowd of mourners who had gathered in southern Beirut to commemorate the festival of Ashoura, that the US president , who he referred to as the "greatest satan", wanted to punish his group because they "stood fast and were victorious" in last summer's war against Israel.

Nasrallah was responding to a statement made by US President George W Bush earlier in January in the which the president condemned a recent outburst of violence in Lebanon.

511324

AP TELEVISION

Beirut, 30 Jan 2007

1. Wide shot of building with Nasrallah speaking from balcony

2. SOUNDBITE: (Arabic) Sheik Hassan Nasrallah, Hezbollah Secretary-General:

"(US President) George Bush wants to punish you because you stood fast and were victorious."

3. Crowd of women chanting

4. SOUNDBITE: (Arabic) Sheik Hassan Nasrallah, Hezbollah Secretary-General:

"When the greatest Satan declares his enmity and his war against us, this is a great honour of which we are proud."

10:15:47

Lebanese tanks pounded shells at a militant group's headquarters in a Palestinian refugee camp next to the northern city of Tripoli on the afternoon of Sunday 20th May.

The shelling came hours after clashes that left 13 soldiers and several militants dead, along with dozens of wounded.

Security officials reported a further 19 soldiers and 14 police officers injured in the fighting, the worst violence to hit the northern city in two decades.

A spokesman for the Fatah Islam group, Abu Salim, said two militants were killed and five wounded inside the Nahr el-Bared Palestinian refugee camp.

The group is considered by some Lebanese officials to be a radical Sunni Muslim group with ties to al-Qaeda, or at least al-Qaeda style militancy and doctrine.

The fighting threatens to further destabilise a conflict-ridden Lebanon that is facing its worst political fall out between the Western-backed government and pro-Syrian opposition since the end of the 1975-90 civil war.

Initially, gunfire erupted early on the 20th after police raided a militant-occupied apartment on Mitein Street, a major thoroughfare in Tripoli, looking for suspects in a bank robbery a day earlier in Amyoun, a town southeast of Tripoli, in which gunmen made off with 125-thousand US dollars in cash.

The armed militants resisted arrest and a series of battles then ensued that spread to surrounding streets and the nearby Palestinian refugee camp.

Lebanese troops pounded a Palestinian refugee camp with artillery and tank fire for a second day on Monday 21st May, raising huge palls of smoke as they battled a militant group suspected of ties to al-Qaeda.

The fighters holed up in the camp returned fire - lending credence to reports that they are far better armed than first thought.

Artillery and machine gun fire echoed around a crowded Palestinian refugee camp for a third straight day Tuesday 22nd May, as the Lebanese government ordered the army to finish off the Fatah Islam fighters holed up inside the camp in the country's north.

Black smoke billowed from the area after artillery and machine gun exchanges at the Nahr el-Bared camp on the outskirts of the port city of Tripoli.

Hundreds of Palestinian civilians continued to stream out of the besieged Nahr el-Bared refugee camp in northern Lebanon on Wednesday 23rd after a truce in the fighting mostly held overnight.

About 15-thousand, nearly half the camp's residents, fled late at night when the lull took hold in fighting between Lebanese troops and Islamic militants who were barricaded in the crowded Nahr el-Bared refugee camp, relief officials said.

About 1-thousand fled on Wednesday morning.

The Lebanese air force on Saturday 2nd June joined tanks and artillery in pounding Islamic militant hideouts on the second day of an intensifying offensive to uproot al-Qaeda-inspired gunmen barricaded in a Palestinian refugee camp.

A French-made Gazelle helicopter fired two missiles and directed machine gun fire at suspected militant hideouts on the western edge of the Nahr

el-Bared camp near the Mediterranean coastline, in an apparent attempt to block any sea escape route.

It was the first time the army used its limited air force capability in the battle, signifying the intensity of the ground fighting.

The army has helicopters, but no fixed-wing aircraft.

There was more heavy shelling on Wednesday 13th June in the Nahr el-Bared Palestinian refugee camp in northern Lebanon, as Lebanese troops reportedly clashed with Muslim militants still holed up there.

More than 25,000 people have fled the Nahr el-Bared camp, near the northern city of Tripoli, since fighting between the Lebanese army and Fatah Islam militants began on May 20.

Dozens of people have been killed since then.

The army said that the number of troops killed since the fighting began to 61.

The fighting has also claimed the lives of at least 60 Fatah al-Islam militants and at least 20 civilians.

523344

AP TELEVISION

Tripoli - 20 May 2007

1. Tanks and soldiers in the streets of residential area

2. Soldiers firing from armoured vehicles at building occupied by militants

523379

AP TELEVISION

Tripoli and Nahr el-Bared Palestinian refugee camp - 20 May 2007

Tripoli

3. Lebanese army troops running across street and firing at building

4. Soldier firing at building

Nahr el-Bared Palestinian refugee camp

5. Tank firing missile on target inside refugee camp

523492

AP TELEVISION

Nr Nahr El-Bared - 21 May 2007

6. Wide of Tripoli skyline, building explodes

7. Wider shot of black smoke, AUDIO: loud explosion, pan to fresh white plume of smoke

523528

AP TELEVISION

Nahr El-Bared - 21 May 2007

8. Wide of skyline with smoke rising

523595

AP TELEVISION

Near Nahr el-Bared, Lebanon - 22 May 2007

9. Wide of explosion on top of building with black smoke billowing from building AUDIO: gunfire and shelling

523742

AP TELEVISION

Nahr el-Bared - 23 May 2007

10. Various of refugees leaving camp

11. Refugees getting out of red truck

12. Refugees in red truck

13. Various of damaged buildings inside camp

14. Pan across destroyed vehicle

524975

AP TELEVISION

Nahr el-Bared - 2 June 2007

15. Wide skyline shot of camp with explosion and smoke rising

16. Lebanese army helicopter flying over camp

524834

AP TELEVISION

Nahr el-Bared - 1 June 2007

17. Various of armoured cars and military vehicles on the move

526205

AP TELEVISION

Nahr el-Bared Palestinian refugee camp - 13 June 2007

18. Various of shelling at camp

19. Various of shelling

10:17:57

Lebanese troops on July 5th resumed pounding suspected hideouts of al-Qaeda-inspired militants entrenched in a Palestinian refugee camp in northern Lebanon. Lebanese troops, backed by artillery and tank fire, blasted suspected hideouts of Fatah Islam militants barricaded inside the Nahr el-Bared camp near Tripoli. The refugee camp and its remaining inhabitants have now endured more than forty days of gun battles between the Lebanese troops and militants.

Meanwhile Lebanese authorities and the United Nations Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA) started distributing money to the displaced from Nahr El-Bared - 1350 US dollars for each family. Some of the money was contributed by Saudi Arabia, said Richard Cook, General Manager of the UNRWA. UNRWA launched a worldwide campaign to gather money to help the displaced Palestinians and to rebuild Nahr El-Bared camp once the violence stops.

On July 12th two Lebanese soldiers were killed as the army pounded a refugee camp with artillery fire, but the military denied reports that the barrage was part of a final assault on the al-Qaeda inspired Islamic militants barricaded inside. AP Television filmed heavy shelling, which began just before dawn just hours after more than 150 civilians fled on foot from the camp and the army moved tanks and armoured vehicles up towards the camp. The army said two soldiers were killed Thursday, bringing the number of military dead to 88 since fighting began at the Nahr el-Bared camp on May 20. Earlier an armoured personnel carrier was seen ferrying at least two wounded soldiers out of the camp. From five to 10 shells were slamming into the camp every minute.

Plumes of black smoke continued to rise from tank and artillery shellfire at the beleaguered Nahr el-Bared Palestinian refugee camp in southern Lebanon on July 14th as Fatah Islam gunmen holed up there exchanged heavy fire with the encircling Lebanese army troops. The army said two soldiers died on July 13th, one from wounds he suffered in fighting on the 12th. The fatalities brought to 94 the number of soldiers killed since fighting began on May 20.

Most of Nahr el-Bared's 30,000 residents had fled since the beginning of the battles, and conditions are desperate for those still inside. The Lebanese army said that it had seized control of a number of buildings in the camp that had been used by Fatah Islam militants to attack and snipe at soldiers.

On July 14th Lebanon's rival parties met at a French chateau for rare and long-awaited talks which it is hoped will start the process of healing the rift between enemies mired in a political and sectarian crisis which is threatening to tear their country apart. But the closed-door meetings, organised by France with U.S. and Iranian approval, were not expected to end the political deadlock between the Western-backed prime minister and the Hezbollah-led opposition. The meetings at La Celle Saint Cloud, a small town west of Paris, mark the first time that the 14 parties are meeting since a national dialogue conference in November that failed to resolve the tensions.

Heavy shelling continued at a besieged Palestinian refugee camp in northern Lebanon on July 17th as army troops continued to pound damaged buildings, believed to be the remaining hideouts of al-Qaeda-inspired militants holed up inside with artillery and tank fire. Lebanese security officials said significant progress was being made by the military, and a senior official said the southern part of the Nahr el-Bared "old camp" - a reference to an area deep within the camp with narrow, winding streets where the Fatah Islam militants are believed to be holed up - would soon be entirely under the army's control. He said that militants from the Fatah Islam group were now encircled in an area thought to be no bigger than 500 square metres.

On September 2nd the last stronghold of Islamic militants holed up in a Palestinian refugee camp in northern Lebanon fell to the army, security officials said. Only occasional gunfire could be heard inside the Nahr el-Bared camp, hours after the army killed 39 militants and captured at least 20 others as they tried to break out of the camp. The officials, speaking on condition of anonymity, said the last stronghold of Fatah Islam militants fell later in the day to the army, which captured five wounded militants in their hideout. The army, which said it lost three soldiers in the gun battle, was not ready to formally declare an end to fighting in the camp, large parts of which were destroyed by army bombardments in the last three and a half months.

The gun battles that began during the dawn breakout had continued through the early afternoon, with troops chasing Fatah Islam fighters in buildings, fields and roads around the camp, in an area called Wadi El-Gamous. The clashes eventually tapered off, but the military search continued. Celebratory gunfire erupted in nearby villages as soon as news of the latest developments spread. Dozens of residents took to the streets of Mohammara, waving Lebanese flags and honking their horns as troop convoys poured into the area with soldiers flashing victory signs. Several Red Cross and military ambulances were seen racing out of the camp, reportedly carrying militant casualties and transporting them to the Government Hospital in the nearby port city of Tripoli. Army officials and senior security official told the Associated Press that they did not know whether Fatah Islam leader Shaker al-Absi was among those who attempted to break out. Al-Absi has not been seen or heard since early in the fighting. The military said three soldiers were killed on September 2nd and two on Saturday September 1st, raising to 158 the total number of troops who have died in the conflict.

528500

AP TELEVISION

Nahr El-Bared - 5 July 2007

1. Wide of shelling on Nahr El-Bared Palestinian refugee camp

529323

AP TELEVISION

Nahr el-Bared - 12 July 2007

2. Sparks flying from explosion AUDIO gunfire

3. Various of explosions and sparks flying AUDIO gunfire

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AP TELEVISION

Nahr el-Bared - 12 July 2007

4. Tanks and armoured vehicles UPSOUND: Gunfire

5. Various of tanks and army vehicles moving into position

529541

AP TELEVISION

Nahr el-Bared - 14 July 2007

6. Lebanese army Jeep coming out of the camp

7. Camp, ruined buildings, thick smoke rising from shell strikes (AUDIO: shellfire)

8. Wrecked building in camp, Lebanese flag flying from top

529570

Lebanon's 14 feuding factions meet for talks

AP TELEVISION

La Celle Saint-Cloud - 14 July 2007

9. Pan of delegates sitting at round table

529660

AP TELEVISION

Nahr El-Bared - 15 July 2007

10. Camp being shelled, sending smoke and debris into the air, AUDIO: shelling

11. Lebanese army soldiers patrolling inside camp

12. Wide of explosion, sending debris into the air

529875

AP TELEVISION

Nahr El-Bared - 17 July 2007

++NIGHT SHOTS++

13. Wide of Nahr El-Bared camp as flashing shell hits building UPSOUND: explosions

14. Flashing light from explosion inside camp UPSOUND: explosions

++DAY SHOTS++

15. Smoke rising over camp as shelling continues UPSOUND: shelling

AP TELEVISION

Nahr El-Bared - 23 Aug 2007

14. Wide of refugee camp with missile hitting it and big plume of smoke rising ++UPSOUND: shelling++

535016

AP TELEVISION

Nahr el-Bared area - 2 Sep 2007

15. Soldiers searching (AUDIO gunfire)

16. Medium of soldiers searching in fields

17. Woman celebrates (AUDIO)

18. Locals celebrate as army vehicles drive by (AUDIO: cheering)

PAKISTAN

10:20:04

A suicide bomber blew himself up inside a courtroom in troubled south-western Pakistan, killing a judge and 14 others, police and other officials said. At least 24 people were wounded in the suicide attack, in the country's impoverished Baluchistan province, of which Quetta is the capital. It was not immediately clear who was behind the attack at the District Courts complex in Quetta which killed civil judge Abdul Wahid Durrani, five lawyers and relatives of some of those on trial, according to police sources. Baluchistan police chief Tariq Khosa said the attacker was included among the 16 dead.

513276

AP TELEVISION

Quetta - 17 Feb 2007

++CLIENTS PLEASE NOTE: GRAPHIC MATERIAL++

1. Dead body wrapped in sheet being removed from blast site

2. Fire burning inside court room

3. Damage at bomb blast site

4. Police tape cordoning off area

5. Dead bodies on floor of hospital

10:20:24

Pakistan's suspended chief justice was cheered by thousands of supporters as he travelled through eastern Pakistan on Saturday 23rd June ahead of another rally demanding an end to the government of President General Pervez Musharraf.

In the town of Okara, Chief Justice Iftikhar Mohammed Chaudhry's motorcade was greeted with rose petals and dancing in the street.

Chaudhry was suspended by President General Pervez Musharraf on 9 March, 2007, accused of abusing his office to get a prized job for his son. It led to nationwide protests, becoming the deepest political crisis of the Musharraf presidency.

Chaudhry denies the charges and has been fighting a legal battle to be reinstated, addressing rallies across the country and drawing the support of tens of thousands of people.

Most of Pakistan's political parties opposing Musharraf's military rule have also joined Chaudhry's rallies.

On 7th June thousands of protesters took to the streets of Lahore in eastern Pakistan, the latest in a series of demonstrations against President General Pervez Musharraf's ouster of the country's top judge.

The crowd of demonstrators, which included hundreds of lawyers backed by opposition political party supporters, was estimated at around 7-thousand by observers.

The protesters, carrying banners and flags, chanted "Go Musharraf, Go!"

Earlier in May police were forced to use tear gas to dampen down the protest after a general strike was observed in Karachi as well as Lahore and other major Pakistani cities to voice dissatisfaction over the way the violence was being handled and Musharraf's suspension of the Chief Justice Iftikhar Mohammed Chaudhry.

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AP TELEVISION

Okara - 23 June 2007

+++QUALITY AS INCOMING+++

1. Close up, suspended Chief Justice, Iftikhar Mohammed Chaudhry receives bar life membership certificate, framed

2. Chaudhry on a stage UPSOUND: applause

525463

AP TELEVISION

Lahore - 7 June 2007

3. Wide top shot of protest against suspension of Chief Justice Iftikhar Mohammed Chaudhry on 9 March

4. Lawyers chanting slogans against Pakistan President, Pervez Musharraf

5. Protesters burning effigy of Musharraf

6. Riot police watching protest

522673

AP TELEVISION

Karachi - 14 May 2007

++NIGHTSHOTS++

7. Police firing tear gas in the Lyari area in Karachi UPSOUND: gunshots

8. Protesters running away from tear gas

10:20:56

A car bomb exploded in the car park of the High Court building in north-western Pakistan on Tuesday 29th May, injuring at least seven people, police said.

The blast happened in Peshawar, the capital of North West Frontier Province, and most of the injured were passers-by, a local police official said.

The injured were taken to a hospital, a police official said, adding that there was no immediate indication who was responsible for the bomb.

Earlier in the month a suicide attacker carrying a warning for American spies detonated a bomb which ripped through a hotel in the north-western city of Peshawar, killing at least 25 people and wounding 30, police said.

The explosion ripped through the reception area of the four-storey Marhaba Hotel in Peshawar's old city, close to the border with Afghanistan.

The explosion devastated the ground-floor restaurant, leaving the victims scattered among broken tables and shattered crockery both inside the building and out in the street.

No group claimed responsibility for the blast, which deepened instability in Pakistan, still reeling from bloody political riots at the weekend in its commercial capital, Karachi.

524384

Car bomb outside court building in Pakistan injures seven

AP TELEVISION

Peshawar - 29 May 2007

1. Policemen moving wreckage of car from blast area

2. People surrounding wreckage of car

3. Bomb disposal official searching for evidence at scene of blast

522740

Suicide bombing at hotel kills at least 25, wounds 30

AP TELEVISION

Peshawar - 15 May 2007

4. Wide of people at scene of the blast

5. Police officers searching through rubble

6. Wide of rubble

10:21:32

On July 3rd security forces clashed with militants outside a radical mosque in the Pakistani capital, Islamabad, triggering gunfire that left killed two police officers, one soldier dead and clerics claimed that nine of their supporters died. Several students and troops were also injured. The battle marked a major escalation in a standoff at the Lal Masjid, or Red Mosque, whose clerics have challenged the military-led government by mounting a vigilante anti-vice campaign in Islamabad. Trouble began when student followers of the mosque, including young men with guns and dozens of women wearing black burqas, rushed toward a nearby police checkpoint. A man used the mosque's loudspeakers to order suicide bombers to get into position.

Dozens of stone-throwing students shattered windows of a government building near the mosque, chanting, "Taliban, long live Taliban," a reference to Afghanistan's radical Islamic insurgents. Abdul Rashid Ghazi, the mosque's deputy leader, said the Rangers sparked the trouble by erecting barricades near the mosque. When asked about the presence of armed students at his mosque, Ghazi said they "are our guards."

Pakistan's President General Pervez Musharraf had said the previous week that he was ready to raid the mosque, but warned that suicide bombers from a militant group linked to al-Qaeda had slipped into the mosque.

On July 4th a curfew was imposed. Leaders of a besieged radical mosque remained defiant as a deadline calling for their immediate surrender passed. However, more than 340 of their followers surrendered as government troops with armoured personnel carriers tightened their stranglehold on the Lal Masjid, or Red Mosque, in the heart of Islamabad, said the capital's top security official Khalid Pervez.

On July 6th, after dusk, a half dozen explosions rocked the area around the Lal Masjid, or Red Mosque, shooting debris high above the tree tops along with plumes of smoke and red dust. Officials said troops were trying to unnerve those who remained while also knocking holes in walls of the mosque compound so that students allegedly being held as human shields could escape.

On July 11th the 43-year-old pro-Taliban cleric Adbul Rashid Ghazi was killed after pushing authorities too far with his drive to enforce strict Islamic law in the city. He was radicalised by the 1998 sectarian assassination of his cleric father.

On July 15th a suicide bomber targeted scores of people who were taking medical and written exams for recruitment to the police force in the city of Dera Ismail Khan in Pakistan's troubled North West Frontier Province ( NWFP) near the Afghan border. According to police the blast killed 26 people and wounded 35. Police said that the dead included six police officers. More than 150 people were on the grounds of the police headquarters when the bomber struck. Police said the bomber's head and suicide vest had been found. Another police official at the scene said that there were at least 12 bodies lying in the police recruitment centre. It was not the only suicide attack on the 15th as militants in northwest Pakistan tore up a peace pact with the government and launched attacks and bombings that killed at least 70 people, in a dramatic escalation of violence in the al-Qaeda infiltrated region. The attacks followed strident calls by extremists to avenge the government's bloody storming of Islamabad's Red Mosque and a declaration of jihad, or holy war, by at least one pro-Taliban cleric. Termination of the peace treaty, the hopeful handiwork of President General Pervez Musharraf, puts even greater pressure on the military leader as he wrestles with both Islamic extremists and a gathering pro-democracy movement.

On July 17th a suicide bomber killed at least 12 people and injured 40 at a rally for Pakistan's suspended chief justice, increasing tension in a country already reeling from a burst of violence by Islamic extremists. Justice Iftikhar Mohammed Chaudhry was heading toward the district court in the capital, Islamabad, to address a gathering of lawyers when the bomb exploded, police said. An AP Television cameraman was filming the rally and captured the moment of impact and the chaos immediately after the explosion. Police said the blast happened near a stage set up for Chaudhry. Hundreds of people were present at the time, but the chief judge himself was still several kilometres (miles) away at the time. Following the attack, Chaudhry sought refuge at the Supreme Court. There was no immediate indication of who carried out the attack, which came before a verdict in a legal battle that has pitched Chaudhry against President General Pervez Musharraf and which could determine the military ruler's political future. The attack also came amid a spate of bombings and suicide attacks in the north west blamed on Islamic extremists enraged by President General Pervez Musharraf's decision to storm Islamabad's Red Mosque and deploy troops in militant strongholds near the Afghan border.

On July 27th Pakistan Interior Ministry spokesman Javed Iqbal Cheema said the government had received intelligence about a possible suicide bombing in Islamabad's Aabpara market prior to the blast that killed at least 13 people and wounded 61 on Friday. The bomber struck after hundreds of protesters clashed with police as the city's Red Mosque reopened for the first time since the army ousted Islamic militants in a bloody raid. One witness said the blast went off inside the Muzaffar Hotel, located in the market area about a half-kilometre (quarter mile) from

the mosque.

After the bombing, police retook control of the mosque, said Zafar Iqbal, the city police chief. Pakistani police arrested around 50 protesters after dispersing religious students and other supporters of the mosque's pro-Taliban former clerics with tear gas outside the mosque. The government had reopened the mosque for the first time to the public on Friday since a bloody army siege two weeks ago dislodged militants.

On July 19th former Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto said that Pakistan's President, General Pervez Musharraf, should resign from his military post if he is to continue as Pakistan's ruler, said, after officials confirmed that the two had held secret talks on a possible power-sharing pact. Bhutto, the self-exiled leader of the country's largest opposition party, would not comment on the meeting, that officials said took place in the Gulf emirate of Abu Dhabi. Musharraf, who seized power in a bloodless coup in 1999, and Bhutto are widely reported to be working on an alliance designed to bolster the increasingly embattled president's political strength while allowing the opposition leader to return home and become prime minister for the third time. The pact would likely require Musharraf to lead changes to the constitution to remove a ban on anyone serving as prime minister more than twice.

528227

AP TELEVISION

Islamabad - 3 July 2007

1. Wide of religious students outside the Lal Masjid mosque

2. Women seminary students of Jamia Hafsa mosque wearing head to toe burqas marching past and chanting, some carrying long sticks

3. Wide of scene as gas canisters explode among the women AUDIO: Gun fire

4. Wide pan of female students on rooftop

5. Mid of student with gun

6. Students picking objects off the ground and throwing them AUDIO: Gun fire

7. Armed students AUDIO: Gun fire

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AP TELEVISION

Islamabad - 3 July 2007

8. Various of rioters attacking perimeter wall of environment ministry building, across the street from the mosque

9.. Wide of police firing tear gas from armoured car

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AP TELEVISION

Islamabad - 4 July 2007

10. Close-up of barbed wire security fence, with soldiers patrolling

528649

AP TELEVISION

Islamabad - 6 July 2007

11. Wide of Red Mosque, AUDIO: Gunfire

12. Rangers shelter in front of closed shop near mosque, AUDIO: Gunfire

13. Blindfolded students from mosque led away by Pakistan Army special forces after their surrender

14. Soldier's gun barrel, AUDIO: Gunfire

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AP Television News

Islamabad - 10 July 2007

15. Mid of dawn over mosque

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AP TELEVISION

Islamabad - 11 July 2007/FILE

FILE: Islamabad, 6 April 2007

16. Wide of traffic passing in front of Lal Masjid (Red Mosque)

17. Students on rooftop lookout position

18. Wide of people at prayer

FILE: Islamabad, March 2007 (exact date unknown)

19. Various of Abdul Rashid Ghazi addressing a news conference

FILE: Islamabad - 4 January 2002

20. Ghazi with worshippers

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26 killed in suicide bombing in volatile province

AP TELEVISION

Dera Ismail Khan - 15 July 2007

21. Wide of scene of the bomb attack

22. Various of dead bodies on stretchers with people gathered around

23. Close up of relative crying

529974

Blast ahead of top judge's rally, at least 12 killed GRAPHIC PIX

AP TELEVISION

Islamabad - 17 July 2007

++ NIGHT SHOTS++

24. Top shot of celebration, people dancing UPSOUND: explosion, camera shakes

25. Track shot of security officials at the site to body

26. Wounded woman sitting down

27. Tracking shot of photographers taking picture of wounded man shouting to mid of wounded man with injuries in his face

28. Justice Iftikhar Mohammed Chaudhry enters Supreme Court

531178

AP TELEVISION

Islamabad - 27 July 2007

29. Tilt down of people outside damaged Muzaffar Hotel in Aabpara market

30. People at scene of blast

31. Protesters throwing stones at armoured personnel vehicle

32. Protesters throwing stones

33. Policemen arresting student

530722

AP TELEVISION

Islamabad - 3 July 2007

34. Various of street fighting between militants and security forces at Red Mosque

FILE: Islamabad, March 2006

35. Musharraf shaking hands with President George W Bush

531307

Ex-PM Bhutto speaks after secret talks with Musharraf

AP TELEVISION

FILE: London, UK - 19 October 2006

36. Former Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto and former Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif pose for cameras

10:24:25

In October President Musharraf won most votes in presidential election but the Supreme Court said that no winner could be formally announced until it rules if the general was eligible to stand for election while still army chief.

Also in October ex-prime minister Benazir Bhutto returned from exile but this was marred when a suicide bomb targeted her homecoming parade in Karachi.

In November General Musharraf declared a state of emergency while still awaiting Supreme Court ruling on whether he was eligible to run for re-election. Chief Justice Chaudhry was dismissed. Ms Bhutto and other opposition leaders were briefly placed under house arrest.

As lawmakers voted on October 6th in a presidential election civil society and opposition activists continued to protest his candidacy. Chanting slogans against Musharraf, dozens of lawyers clashed with police outside the provincial assembly in the north-western city of Peshawar. They burned an armoured police vehicle, threw rocks at officers, and burned an effigy of Musharraf before police swinging batons dispersed them.

Meanwhile, police in Karachi fired tear gas and detained some opposition activists who blocked a road by burning tyres to protest against Musharraf, according to a local police chief.

"We are staging a protest against Musharraf and the police have been shelling teargas since early this morning. Inshallah, Musharraf is bound to go and the hegemony of the uniform would not last long," one of the protesters told AP Television.

Musharraf, who seized power in a 1999 coup, faces a retired judge as his chief rival, in his bid to secure a new five-year term and could yet face disqualification by the Supreme Court.

Many opposition parties either abstained or boycotted the election in protest at Musharraf running while army chief.

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AP TELEVISION

Peshawar and Karachi - 6 Oct 2007

Peshawar

1. Various of lawyers burning effigy of General Pervez Musharraf and chanting anti-Musharraf and anti-government slogans

2. Various of lawyers crowded in front of armoured police vehicle, some hitting it with sticks

Karachi

3. Various of protesters burning tyres

4. Various of police arresting protesters

5. Police firing teargas

10:24:54

Former Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto said on October 19th that she would not give in to the militants whom she blamed for an assassination attempt against her - a suicide attack that killed up to 136 people and dampened her long-awaited return to Pakistan. Bhutto said that ahead of her arrival in Karachi, she had been warned suicide squads

had been dispatched to kill her. She said telephone numbers of suicide squads had been given to her by a "brotherly" country and she alerted President General Pervez Musharraf in a letter dated October 16.

"There was one suicide squad from the Taliban elements, one suicide squad from al-Qaeda, one suicide squad from Pakistani Taliban and a fourth group I believe from Karachi," she said.

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AP Television

Various - 19 Oct 2007

English/Nat

Part No Pakistan

SHOTLIST

++NIGHT SHOTS++

18 October 2007

1. Various of injured at scene

Karachi - 19 October 2007

2. SOUNDBITE (English) Benazir Bhutto, former prime minister of Pakistan

"To save Pakistan, and to save democracy, because we believe democracy alone can save Pakistan from disintegration and a militant take-over, then we are prepared to risk our lives and we are prepared to risk our liberty. But we are not prepared to surrender our great nation to the militants."

10:25:27

Pakistani President General Pervez Musharraf said in an address to the nation late on November 3rd that Pakistan was at a "dangerous" juncture, and that "Islamic extremists and terrorists" were threatening the authority of the government.

The military ruler, speaking on state-run Pakistan TV hours after he imposed emergency rule, said he hoped democracy would be restored following parliamentary elections - due by January.

During a long speech, he later went on to say that "some elements" were interfering in the "democratic process, placing restrictions and hurdles in its path."

He cited "terrorism, extremism, paralysis of government and bureaucratic operations, demoralised law enforcement agencies, restrictions and interference in democratic operations" as reasons for declaring a state of emergency.

"I am very sad to announce that the economic boom and social welfare Pakistan was once experiencing have now stopped and are starting to take a downward turn, but this has not yet started and if we can stop this downward turn then we must," he said.