FOR CLEAN VERSION SEE STORY NUMBER: 4061046

LEAD IN:

A choir without a voice is set to tour Europe to raise awareness of the plight of throat cancer patients.

The group, fitted with artificial voice boxes, call themselves "Shout at Cancer" because they're fighting back against the cancer which robbed them of their ability to speak.

STORY-LINE:

Thanks to this choir, these people are able to 'shout' again and they're aiming to 'let it all out' as loudly as they possibly can.

The words of the song by the 1980s pop band "Tears for Fears" is special to them and they've named themselves "Shout at Cancer" because of it.

Here the choir's been given the opportunity of performing at the Royal College of Surgeons in London.

They're all on a mission to make people, including doctors, aware of how isolating and difficult it is to have throat cancer.

While most physicians understand the trauma of having cancer, not not everyone understands what it's like to live after having your voice taken away.

Apart from a few specialist voices, everyone here has had an operation to have their larynx cut out and their windpipe brought through to a hole made in the front of their throats.

The laryngectomy is a complex operation which takes several hours.

Afterwards breathing is never the same again.

Patients have to master the technique of using a valve which becomes a permanent reminder of the cancer.

To speak, patients have to draw air through the hole in their windpipe and use the valve to trap the air into the mouth.

This allows them to manipulate the air to form what doctors call a 'valve voice'.

Margaret Young discovered she had thyroid cancer over seven years ago, she thought it had been treated, but it spread and before Christmas two years ago she discovered it had metasticised.

It would not have occurred to Young to join a choir before her cancer, but she was persuaded to do it by a speech therapist who'd heard about "Shout at Cancer".

She remembers: "They kept saying I should join the choir, but I've never been able to sing, so they fooled me by saying, well you don't really have to sing, it's just speech therapy and well, they lied, because we do sing and that's how I've ended up in the choir. But it's nice to meet other people in the same position because you can become very isolated, it would be easy to become isolated."

Andrew Beaumont was among the first members of the choir.

He, like Young, had his voice box removed when his cancer spread.

Beaumont is a vigorous advocate for the charity: "It is absolutely essential, it stretches the tonal range one is able to create and apart from the social side, the sense of community and a sense of purpose. You know it's very important to have a sense of purpose in all things and this charity is unique in doing that for laryngectomees."

Shout at Cancer is also a charity which helps to fund the choir.

Thomas Moors is the co-founder and one of an array of medical experts from scientists, voice therapists, musicians and surgeons who are raising money to spearhead new research.

They want a scientific enquiry into how music therapy can be used aid voice exercises for people who have had laryngectomies and examine how it can be used to ensure they're not isolated by the rest of society.

Although there are published studies physical problems experienced by laryngectomees, there is little research on their their emotional welfare or the psychosocial implications of the operation.

An additional problem is that most laryngectomees are nearing retirement which means they are more easily isolated.

Evangelos Himonides from University College London is among the scientists aiming to use music as a tool to help survivors of throat cancer.

"There's nothing about all the psychosocial factors that are part of this game and anything that is to do with how we can foster the development of these people, how we can enable their engagement and how we can help them gain the confidence and the support structures and all the different understandings that need to be in place, so that they can return back to society, they can relinquish the stigma that is connected to this."

The charity says there is simply not enough research, or progress into using new technologies because the number of laryngectomies each year are relatively few.

Here in the UK there are fewer than 1,800 operations a year according to "Shout at Cancer".

During the concert, choir member Jean Cooper reads her testimonial: "I thought I would never talk again and I did, I thought I would never sing again and I have. Now I know I can do anything and I will, I am me again."

Though the sentiment is personal, her experience is shared by the rest of the choir.

As well as conducting, Dr. Thomas Moors is the choir's director and cofounder of Shout at Cancer.

He is hoping the choir will make people sit up and understand the needs of people surviving throat cancer - better social support, better voice training services and even research into better technology.

Moors says: "Up to thirty percent, forty percent of them get into social isolation because of the effect on their voice and psychological affects. Does it have an effect by them joining the choir, yes. As soon as they do it, after their first concert, but (also) going and preparing and meeting up and having the group effect and enjoying the music and the sound they are producing together, it has an amazingly uplifting effect on them and they are the best ambassadors for this project themselves, because they go out and they spread the word and they are so enthusiastic about it that sometimes I even have to ask them to shut up. (laughs)."

As well as planning a number of Christmas concerts, next spring the choir will travel Brussels and Barcelona to spread their message.

Music/video/performance rights must be cleared

London, UK - 5 October 2016

1. Mid of Shout at Cancer choir who've all had laryngectomies rehearsing their signature tune "Shout" by Tears for Fears

2. Close tilt down over the shoulder of charity founder Dr. Thomas Moors with choir in background

3. Close of concert pianist

4. Mid of choir

5. Close of pianist

6. Close of musical score

7. Wide of choir

8. Close of people in audience

9. Mid of audience

10. Wide pan from choir to audience applauding

11. UPSOUND: (English) Margaret Young, choir member, Shout at Cancer (shows wide of Margaret Young reading composition)

"It's gone, the box, the vocal chords, they took it all away. If I am mid sentence and I stop, it's not by choice. So I'll ask you again in a different way: can you hear my voice?"

12. Mid of audience applauding

13. SOUNDBITE: (English) Margaret Young, choir member, Shout at Cancer

"They kept saying I should join the choir, but I've never been able to sing, so they fooled my by saying, well you don't really have to sing, it's just speech therapy and well, they lied, because we do sing and that's how I've ended up in the choir. But it's nice to meet other people in the same position because you can become very isolated, it would be easy to become isolated."

14. Close of choir member pressing their speech valve

15. Close of Dr Thomas Moors directing choir with professional mezzo soprano La Verne Williams in the background

16. Close of speech valve on choir member

17. Tracking shot of Moors' hands

18. Various of choir members rehearsing "We Will Rock You" by Queen

19. Close tilt up of Andrew Beaumont pressing his speech valve to his face during singing

20. Mid rear view of choir during rehearsal

21. SOUNDBITE: (English) Andrew Beaumont, choir member, Shout at Cancer:

"It is absolutely essential, it stretches the tonal range one is able to create and apart from the social side, the sense of community and a sense of purpose. You know it's very important to have a sense of purpose in all things and this charity is unique in doing that for laryngectomees."

22. Close pan of audience (of surgeons and voice therapists) listening to La Verne Williams explain the use of vocal exercise

23. Close pan up of pianist playing "Brussels" by Jaques Brel accompanied by choir including Williams

24. Mid zoom out of Williams to reveal whole choir

25. Various of choristers singing accompaniment to Brussels

26. SOUNDBITE: (English) Evangelos Himonides, senior lecturer, University College London:

"There's nothing about all the psychosocial factors that are part of this game and anything that has to do with how we can foster the development of these people, how we can enable their engagement and how we can help them gain the confidence and the support structures and all the different understandings that need to be in place, so that they can return back to society, they can relinquish the stigma that is connected to this."

27. UPSOUND: (English) Jean Cooper, choir member, Shout at Cancer (reading her Testimonial during concert)

"I thought I would never talk again and I did, I thought I would never sing again and I have. Now I know I can do anything and I will, I am me again."

28. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dr. Thomas Moors, director, founder, Shout at Cancer:

"Up to thirty percent, forty percent of them get into social isolation because of the effect on their voice and psychological affects. Does it have an effect by them joining the choir, yes. As soon as they do it, after their first concert, but (also) going and preparing and meeting up and having the group effect and enjoying the music and the sound they are producing together, it has an amazingly uplifting effect on them and they are the best ambassadors for this project themselves, because they go out and they spread the word and they are so enthusiastic about it that sometimes I even have to ask them to shut up. (laughs)."

29. Various of choir singing their own composition for the Paralympians " Together we shout … Louder!"

LEAD IN:

A choir without a voice is set to tour Europe to raise awareness of the plight of throat cancer patients.

The group, fitted with artificial voice boxes, call themselves "Shout at Cancer" because they're fighting back against the cancer which robbed them of their ability to speak.

STORY-LINE:

Thanks to this choir, these people are able to 'shout' again and they're aiming to 'let it all out' as loudly as they possibly can.

The words of the song by the 1980s pop band "Tears for Fears" is special to them and they've named themselves "Shout at Cancer" because of it.

Here the choir's been given the opportunity of performing at the Royal College of Surgeons in London.

They're all on a mission to make people, including doctors, aware of how isolating and difficult it is to have throat cancer.

While most physicians understand the trauma of having cancer, not not everyone understands what it's like to live after having your voice taken away.

Apart from a few specialist voices, everyone here has had an operation to have their larynx cut out and their windpipe brought through to a hole made in the front of their throats.

The laryngectomy is a complex operation which takes several hours.

Afterwards breathing is never the same again.

Patients have to master the technique of using a valve which becomes a permanent reminder of the cancer.

To speak, patients have to draw air through the hole in their windpipe and use the valve to trap the air into the mouth.

This allows them to manipulate the air to form what doctors call a 'valve voice'.

Margaret Young discovered she had thyroid cancer over seven years ago, she thought it had been treated, but it spread and before Christmas two years ago she discovered it had metasticised.

It would not have occurred to Young to join a choir before her cancer, but she was persuaded to do it by a speech therapist who'd heard about "Shout at Cancer".

She remembers: "They kept saying I should join the choir, but I've never been able to sing, so they fooled me by saying, well you don't really have to sing, it's just speech therapy and well, they lied, because we do sing and that's how I've ended up in the choir. But it's nice to meet other people in the same position because you can become very isolated, it would be easy to become isolated."

Andrew Beaumont was among the first members of the choir.

He, like Young, had his voice box removed when his cancer spread.

Beaumont is a vigorous advocate for the charity: "It is absolutely essential, it stretches the tonal range one is able to create and apart from the social side, the sense of community and a sense of purpose. You know it's very important to have a sense of purpose in all things and this charity is unique in doing that for laryngectomees."

Shout at Cancer is also a charity which helps to fund the choir.

Thomas Moors is the co-founder and one of an array of medical experts from scientists, voice therapists, musicians and surgeons who are raising money to spearhead new research.

They want a scientific enquiry into how music therapy can be used aid voice exercises for people who have had laryngectomies and examine how it can be used to ensure they're not isolated by the rest of society.

Although there are published studies physical problems experienced by laryngectomees, there is little research on their their emotional welfare or the psychosocial implications of the operation.

An additional problem is that most laryngectomees are nearing retirement which means they are more easily isolated.

Evangelos Himonides from University College London is among the scientists aiming to use music as a tool to help survivors of throat cancer.

"There's nothing about all the psychosocial factors that are part of this game and anything that is to do with how we can foster the development of these people, how we can enable their engagement and how we can help them gain the confidence and the support structures and all the different understandings that need to be in place, so that they can return back to society, they can relinquish the stigma that is connected to this."

The charity says there is simply not enough research, or progress into using new technologies because the number of laryngectomies each year are relatively few.

Here in the UK there are fewer than 1,800 operations a year according to "Shout at Cancer".

During the concert, choir member Jean Cooper reads her testimonial: "I thought I would never talk again and I did, I thought I would never sing again and I have. Now I know I can do anything and I will, I am me again."

Though the sentiment is personal, her experience is shared by the rest of the choir.

As well as conducting, Dr. Thomas Moors is the choir's director and cofounder of Shout at Cancer.

He is hoping the choir will make people sit up and understand the needs of people surviving throat cancer - better social support, better voice training services and even research into better technology.

Moors says: "Up to thirty percent, forty percent of them get into social isolation because of the effect on their voice and psychological affects. Does it have an effect by them joining the choir, yes. As soon as they do it, after their first concert, but (also) going and preparing and meeting up and having the group effect and enjoying the music and the sound they are producing together, it has an amazingly uplifting effect on them and they are the best ambassadors for this project themselves, because they go out and they spread the word and they are so enthusiastic about it that sometimes I even have to ask them to shut up. (laughs)."

As well as planning a number of Christmas concerts, next spring the choir will travel Brussels and Barcelona to spread their message.

AP TELEVISION - Music/video/performance rights must be cleared

London, UK - 5 October 2016

1. Mid of Shout at Cancer choir who've all had laryngectomies rehearsing their signature tune "Shout" by Tears for Fears

2. Close tilt down over the shoulder of charity founder Dr. Thomas Moors with choir in background

3. Close of concert pianist

4. Mid of choir

5. Close of pianist

6. Close of musical score

7. Wide of choir

8. Close of people in audience

9. Mid of audience

10. Wide pan from choir to audience applauding

11. UPSOUND: (English) Margaret Young, choir member, Shout at Cancer (shows wide of Margaret Young reading composition)

"It's gone, the box, the vocal chords, they took it all away. If I am mid sentence and I stop, it's not by choice. So I'll ask you again in a different way: can you hear my voice?"

12. Mid of audience applauding

13. SOUNDBITE: (English) Margaret Young, choir member, Shout at Cancer

"They kept saying I should join the choir, but I've never been able to sing, so they fooled my by saying, well you don't really have to sing, it's just speech therapy and well, they lied, because we do sing and that's how I've ended up in the choir. But it's nice to meet other people in the same position because you can become very isolated, it would be easy to become isolated."

14. Close of choir member pressing their speech valve

15. Close of Dr Thomas Moors directing choir with professional mezzo soprano La Verne Williams in the background

16. Close of speech valve on choir member

17. Tracking shot of Moors' hands

18. Various of choir members rehearsing "We Will Rock You" by Queen

19. Close tilt up of Andrew Beaumont pressing his speech valve to his face during singing

20. Mid rear view of choir during rehearsal

21. SOUNDBITE: (English) Andrew Beaumont, choir member, Shout at Cancer:

"It is absolutely essential, it stretches the tonal range one is able to create and apart from the social side, the sense of community and a sense of purpose. You know it's very important to have a sense of purpose in all things and this charity is unique in doing that for laryngectomees."

22. Close pan of audience (of surgeons and voice therapists) listening to La Verne Williams explain the use of vocal exercise

23. Close pan up of pianist playing "Brussels" by Jaques Brel accompanied by choir including Williams

24. Mid zoom out of Williams to reveal whole choir

25. Various of choristers singing accompaniment to Brussels

26. SOUNDBITE: (English) Evangelos Himonides, senior lecturer, University College London:

"There's nothing about all the psychosocial factors that are part of this game and anything that has to do with how we can foster the development of these people, how we can enable their engagement and how we can help them gain the confidence and the support structures and all the different understandings that need to be in place, so that they can return back to society, they can relinquish the stigma that is connected to this."

27. UPSOUND: (English) Jean Cooper, choir member, Shout at Cancer (reading her Testimonial during concert)

"I thought I would never talk again and I did, I thought I would never sing again and I have. Now I know I can do anything and I will, I am me again."

28. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dr. Thomas Moors, director, founder, Shout at Cancer:

"Up to thirty percent, forty percent of them get into social isolation because of the effect on their voice and psychological affects. Does it have an effect by them joining the choir, yes. As soon as they do it, after their first concert, but (also) going and preparing and meeting up and having the group effect and enjoying the music and the sound they are producing together, it has an amazingly uplifting effect on them and they are the best ambassadors for this project themselves, because they go out and they spread the word and they are so enthusiastic about it that sometimes I even have to ask them to shut up. (laughs)."

29. Various of choir singing their own composition for the Paralympians " Together we shout … Louder!"

LEADIN:

The world's first memory-powered Christmas tree is helping people to remember loved ones over the festive period.

Terminal illness charity Marie Curie has installed the tree in London which reacts and grows brighter as people share memories on social media.

STORYLINE:

This beautiful Christmas tree is powered by memories.

Christmas can be a hard time for people who have lost loved ones and the terminal illness charity Marie Curie wants to shine a light on the happy memories.

Dwarfed, but not outshone, by the London Eye wheel the tree glows blue in response to memories shared on Twitter or Instagram using the hashtag #lightupxmas.

Every social media interaction makes the tree glow ever so slightly brighter.

Sisters Rachel Powell, Lisa Thomas and Sally Keenan from Cardiff, Wales have come to London's South Bank to remember their parents Helen and Terry Radford.

In 2008 their dad was diagnosed with terminal cancer and died shortly afterwards. In 2014 their mum was also diagnosed with terminal cancer. Both received support from the Marie Curie charity.

Lisa Thomas is taking a photo of her sisters under the tree and lighting in blue in memory of her parents.

Rachel Powell says: "It just reminds you of the good memories as well, because sometimes it's quite hard because you have the painful memories so it kind of reminds you of the happy times as well which helps."

Her sister Lisa Thomas adds: "And the more memories that you have, and the more that you tweet, the more the tree lights up which makes such a difference then when you're actually stood here looking at it and you're viewing it for yourself in person it's brilliant."

This is the last family photo of the Radfords in 2007 at a family barbecue to celebrate Powell's graduation from university.

Sally Keenan says: "It's just a lovely thing to do at Christmas time for us to come and just be thoughtful, and a place to sit and a place to talk, maybe have a little cry and just to remember all our loved ones that we've lost and obviously different families as well."

Marie Curie is calling it the world's first memory powered Christmas tree.

Because Christmas is traditionally a time for family to come together, it can also be a particularly difficult time for people with loved ones with terminal illness or who have passed away. Marie Curie wanted to reflect this and so installed the seven metre tall memory tree.

Marie Faulkner, social media manager at Marie Curie explains what sort of memories people have been sharing.

She says: "We've had everything from my dad's delicious roast potatoes to people maybe highlighting a particular person that they've lost. I tweeted about my granny Molly and our notorious family home videos that she would appear in. We're getting all sorts really, but they're really happy and positive."

In support of the charity the London Eye has changed from red to yellow - the charity's official colour.

The tree lit up for the first time on 4 December and people arrived to see it and watch a choir performing Christmas hits.

Paul Sims' mother died when he was a teenager. He says: "Yeah I'm remembering my mum. My mum died when I was 17 and actually Christmas hasn't been the same since then."

"It is a very important time to remember who has come before us and especially for my mum, remembering what she came to do, what she did for us as a family and how much she loved us and cared about us," he adds.

Helen Swanton's father died of cancer and she wants to remember him over Christmas. "I think it's a time when families either get together or maybe they don't get together and it does make you think about people who should be there but aren't there with you. So yes, it's a special time."

Jessica Gill is remembering a close family friend. "I would say the person I would remember is a really close family friend of ours who passed away a few years ago. Really healthy man, father, husband, and best friend to many. So I would be remembering him around this time of year and his family."

Anybody can tweet or make an Instagram post by using the hashtag #lightupxmas.

Over the 12 days of Christmas Marie Curie Nurses in the UK will care for more than 2,000 people in their own homes, helping families be together and make special memories through Christmas.

Marie Curie is the UK's leading charity for people with any terminal illness.

London, UK - 4 December, 2017

1. Wide of Marie Curie memory tree with London Eye in background

2. Close of star on tree

3. Mid of tree flashing blue after memory is tweeted

4. Pull focus of lights

5. Wide of London's South Bank and the London Eye

6. Low angle pan right of tree and London Eye

7. Over the shoulder of Lisa Thomas taking a photograph of her sisters Rachel Powell (right) and Sally Keenan

8. Close of Lisa Thomas

9. Low angle of same

10. Various of Instagram on phone typing #lightupxmas

11. Close of lights on tree glowing blue in response

12. SOUNDBITE: (English) Rachel Powell, lost her father and mother to cancer

"It just reminds you of the good memories as well, because sometimes it's quite hard because you have the painful memories so it kind of reminds you of the happy times as well which helps."

SOUNDBITE: (English) Lisa Thomas, lost her father and mother to cancer

"And the more memories that you have, and the more that you tweet, the more the tree lights up which makes such a difference then when you're actually stood here looking at it and you're viewing it for yourself in person it's brilliant."

Handout: Rachel Powell - only to be used in connection with this story

Cardiff, Wales - August 2007

13. Family photo of (left to right) Helen Radford, Sally Keenan, Rachel Powell, Lisa Thomas and Terry Radford

London, UK - 4 December, 2017

14. Mid of sisters hugging each other

15. SOUNDBITE: (English) Sally Keenan, lost her father and mother to cancer

"It's just a lovely thing to do at Christmas time for us to come and just be thoughtful, and a place to sit and a place to talk, maybe have a little cry and just to remember all our loved ones that we've lost and obviously different families as well."

16. Mid of man tweeting

17. Close of Twitter with the hashtag lightupxmas

18. Mid of tweet being sent and the tree glowing blue in response

19. Close of Twitter feed with tweet reading: (English) "I remember my grandad prepping a fresh turkey every year he'd come to stay at xmas. My sister had to hold the bag of guts and feathers as he trimmed, plucked and gutted. He was a badass. #lightupxmas."

20. Close tilt down of Marie Faulkner tweeting

21. Close of tweet reading: (English) "This Christmas I'll be thinking of my granny Molly who would #lightupxmas"

22. Low angle of Faulkner sending tweet and tree turning blue

23. SOUNDBITE: (English) Marie Faulkner, social media manager, Marie Curie

"We've had everything from my dad's delicious roast potatoes to people maybe highlighting a particular person that they've lost. I tweeted about my granny Molly and our notorious family home videos that she would appear in. We're getting all sorts really, but they're really happy and positive."

24. Mid of person tweeting memory

25. Close of screen reading: (English) "Made it down to the amazing @mariecurie tree. I'm remembering my nan and spending Christmas with her."

26. Mid of tweet being sent

27. Close of tree lights turning blue

28. Close pull focus of star on tree

29. SOUNDBITE: (English) Paul Sims, vox pop

"Yeah I'm remembering my mum. My mum died when I was 17 and actually Christmas hasn't been the same since then."

30. Wide of tree turning blue

31. SOUNDBITE: (English) Paul Sims, vox pop

"It is a very important time to remember who has come before us and especially for my mum, remembering what she came to do, what she did for us as a family and how much she loved us and cared about us."

32. SOUNDBITE: (English) Helen Swanton, vox pop

"I think you do, I think it's a time when families either get together or maybe they don't get together and it does make you think about people who should be there but aren't there with you. So yeah, it's a special time."

33. SOUNDBITE: (English) Jessica Gill, vox pop

"I would say the person I would remember is a really close family friend of ours who passed away a few years ago. Really healthy man, father, husband, and best friend to many. So I would be remembering him around this time of year and his family."

34. Wide of choir singing 'It's beginning to look a lot like Christmas'

35. Mid pan left of choir

36. Mid of choir's director

37. Wide low angle of tree and London Eye

LEADIN:

The world's first memory-powered Christmas tree is helping people to remember loved ones over the festive period.

Terminal illness charity Marie Curie has installed the tree in London which reacts and grows brighter as people share memories on social media.

STORYLINE:

This beautiful Christmas tree is powered by memories.

Christmas can be a hard time for people who have lost loved ones and the terminal illness charity Marie Curie wants to shine a light on the happy memories.

Dwarfed, but not outshone, by the London Eye wheel the tree glows blue in response to memories shared on Twitter or Instagram using the hashtag #lightupxmas.

Every social media interaction makes the tree glow ever so slightly brighter.

Sisters Rachel Powell, Lisa Thomas and Sally Keenan from Cardiff, Wales have come to London's South Bank to remember their parents Helen and Terry Radford.

In 2008 their dad was diagnosed with terminal cancer and died shortly afterwards. In 2014 their mum was also diagnosed with terminal cancer. Both received support from the Marie Curie charity.

Lisa Thomas is taking a photo of her sisters under the tree and lighting in blue in memory of her parents.

Rachel Powell says: "It just reminds you of the good memories as well, because sometimes it's quite hard because you have the painful memories so it kind of reminds you of the happy times as well which helps."

Her sister Lisa Thomas adds: "And the more memories that you have, and the more that you tweet, the more the tree lights up which makes such a difference then when you're actually stood here looking at it and you're viewing it for yourself in person it's brilliant."

This is the last family photo of the Radfords in 2007 at a family barbecue to celebrate Powell's graduation from university.

Sally Keenan says: "It's just a lovely thing to do at Christmas time for us to come and just be thoughtful, and a place to sit and a place to talk, maybe have a little cry and just to remember all our loved ones that we've lost and obviously different families as well."

Marie Curie is calling it the world's first memory powered Christmas tree.

Because Christmas is traditionally a time for family to come together, it can also be a particularly difficult time for people with loved ones with terminal illness or who have passed away. Marie Curie wanted to reflect this and so installed the seven metre tall memory tree.

Marie Faulkner, social media manager at Marie Curie explains what sort of memories people have been sharing.

She says: "We've had everything from my dad's delicious roast potatoes to people maybe highlighting a particular person that they've lost. I tweeted about my granny Molly and our notorious family home videos that she would appear in. We're getting all sorts really, but they're really happy and positive."

In support of the charity the London Eye has changed from red to yellow - the charity's official colour.

The tree lit up for the first time on 4 December and people arrived to see it and watch a choir performing Christmas hits.

Paul Sims' mother died when he was a teenager. He says: "Yeah I'm remembering my mum. My mum died when I was 17 and actually Christmas hasn't been the same since then."

"It is a very important time to remember who has come before us and especially for my mum, remembering what she came to do, what she did for us as a family and how much she loved us and cared about us," he adds.

Helen Swanton's father died of cancer and she wants to remember him over Christmas. "I think it's a time when families either get together or maybe they don't get together and it does make you think about people who should be there but aren't there with you. So yes, it's a special time."

Jessica Gill is remembering a close family friend. "I would say the person I would remember is a really close family friend of ours who passed away a few years ago. Really healthy man, father, husband, and best friend to many. So I would be remembering him around this time of year and his family."

Anybody can tweet or make an Instagram post by using the hashtag #lightupxmas.

Over the 12 days of Christmas Marie Curie Nurses in the UK will care for more than 2,000 people in their own homes, helping families be together and make special memories through Christmas.

Marie Curie is the UK's leading charity for people with any terminal illness.

London, UK - 4 December, 2017

1. Wide of Marie Curie memory tree with London Eye in background

2. Close of star on tree

3. Mid of tree flashing blue after memory is tweeted

4. Pull focus of lights

5. Wide of London's South Bank and the London Eye

6. Low angle pan right of tree and London Eye

7. Over the shoulder of Lisa Thomas taking a photograph of her sisters Rachel Powell (right) and Sally Keenan

8. Close of Lisa Thomas

9. Low angle of same

10. Various of Instagram on phone typing #lightupxmas

11. Close of lights on tree glowing blue in response

12. SOUNDBITE: (English) Rachel Powell, lost her father and mother to cancer

"It just reminds you of the good memories as well, because sometimes it's quite hard because you have the painful memories so it kind of reminds you of the happy times as well which helps."

SOUNDBITE: (English) Lisa Thomas, lost her father and mother to cancer

"And the more memories that you have, and the more that you tweet, the more the tree lights up which makes such a difference then when you're actually stood here looking at it and you're viewing it for yourself in person it's brilliant."

Handout: Rachel Powell - only to be used in connection with this story

Cardiff, Wales - August 2007

13. Family photo of (left to right) Helen Radford, Sally Keenan, Rachel Powell, Lisa Thomas and Terry Radford

Associated Press

London, UK - 4 December, 2017

14. Mid of sisters hugging each other

15. SOUNDBITE: (English) Sally Keenan, lost her father and mother to cancer

"It's just a lovely thing to do at Christmas time for us to come and just be thoughtful, and a place to sit and a place to talk, maybe have a little cry and just to remember all our loved ones that we've lost and obviously different families as well."

16. Mid of man tweeting

17. Close of Twitter with the hashtag lightupxmas

18. Mid of tweet being sent and the tree glowing blue in response

19. Close of Twitter feed with tweet reading: (English) "I remember my grandad prepping a fresh turkey every year he'd come to stay at xmas. My sister had to hold the bag of guts and feathers as he trimmed, plucked and gutted. He was a badass. #lightupxmas."

20. Close tilt down of Marie Faulkner tweeting

21. Close of tweet reading: (English) "This Christmas I'll be thinking of my granny Molly who would #lightupxmas"

22. Low angle of Faulkner sending tweet and tree turning blue

23. SOUNDBITE: (English) Marie Faulkner, social media manager, Marie Curie

"We've had everything from my dad's delicious roast potatoes to people maybe highlighting a particular person that they've lost. I tweeted about my granny Molly and our notorious family home videos that she would appear in. We're getting all sorts really, but they're really happy and positive."

24. Mid of person tweeting memory

25. Close of screen reading: (English) "Made it down to the amazing @mariecurie tree. I'm remembering my nan and spending Christmas with her."

26. Mid of tweet being sent

27. Close of tree lights turning blue

28. Close pull focus of star on tree

29. SOUNDBITE: (English) Paul Sims, vox pop

"Yeah I'm remembering my mum. My mum died when I was 17 and actually Christmas hasn't been the same since then."

30. Wide of tree turning blue

31. SOUNDBITE: (English) Paul Sims, vox pop

"It is a very important time to remember who has come before us and especially for my mum, remembering what she came to do, what she did for us as a family and how much she loved us and cared about us."

32. SOUNDBITE: (English) Helen Swanton, vox pop

"I think you do, I think it's a time when families either get together or maybe they don't get together and it does make you think about people who should be there but aren't there with you. So yeah, it's a special time."

33. SOUNDBITE: (English) Jessica Gill, vox pop

"I would say the person I would remember is a really close family friend of ours who passed away a few years ago. Really healthy man, father, husband, and best friend to many. So I would be remembering him around this time of year and his family."

34. Wide of choir singing 'It's beginning to look a lot like Christmas'

35. Mid pan left of choir

36. Mid of choir's director

37. Wide low angle of tree and London Eye

On the rolling hills of Rwanda, a nurse is on an urgent mission, by foot, to bring relief to a patient suffering from severe pain. In her bag she carries liquid morphine.

For 15 years, Vestine Uwizeyimana had been in unrelenting agony, as disease caused her spine to disintegrate.

She could no longer walk and could barely turn over in bed without whimpering.

At times she could not eat, talk, even recognise loved ones.

Her life narrowed to a small, dark room in a dirt-floor home in rural Rwanda, a rosary hanging on the wall by her side.

Her cries could be heard by passers-by on the road down the hill from her home.

A year ago, relief came in the form of liquid morphine.

The drug, locally produced, is part of a groundbreaking effort by Rwanda to address the world's other opioid crisis, in which millions of people in developing countries are without strong painkillers to calm suffering so intense that some cannot help but scream.

The Associated Press followed the morphine solution from its creation in a modest one-room production plant, to its distribution to patients living on the green hills along Lake Kivu and in the capital, Kigali.

The region is of little interest to the for-profit drug manufacturers that are blamed for rampant opioid addiction in the United States.

Their neglect of sub-Saharan Africa, where most countries are still too poor to be attractive markets for expensive formulations like oxycodone, is now seen as a kind of blessing.

Born of desperation, in the drug makers' absence, a solution has been found that some health experts say could be a model for the world.

With little risk of addiction, and at low cost, the production of liquid morphine that began on a small scale in neighbouring Uganda years ago is now being taken significantly further in Rwanda.

It aims to be the first low or middle-income country to make palliative care, or the easing of pain from life-limiting disease, available to all citizens via universal health care, and for free.

The final steps toward that goal are made on footpaths between rolling bean fields and banana plants as community health workers with bottles of morphine visit homes across Rwanda, bringing relief that many in Africa once considered out of reach.

Uwizeyimana greeted the arrival of health worker Madeleine Mukantagara with a smile.

The 56-year-old nurse settled on the edge of the bed, and they began with prayer.

Then there were questions and checking of vital signs.

Uwizeyimana was feeling better.

They held hands and prayed again, in whispers.

Uwizeyimana closed her eyes.

"The hardest thing about my job is seeing someone who was normal before now approaching the end of their lives, step by step" Mukantagara said as a tear dropped from the corner of her eye.

Uwizeyimana is not the youngest among the 70 patients she sees.

Many have cancer, some have HIV and few have both.

As a palliative care worker, Mukantagara has long been a witness to death.

She watched her sister die of cancer decades ago, in agony, without relief.

Now she attends patients' funerals and thanks grieving families for their care and support.

To relax, she sings in her church choir, and in her office across from the hospital chapel she hums along with the hymns.

A psychologist colleague offers her counseling.

The work is never easy, she said. But with the morphine, at least, there is a chance for death with dignity.

Twenty-five years ago, Rwanda's genocide offered nothing of the sort.

The killing of some 800-thousand ethnic Tutsis and moderate ethnic Hutus over roughly 100 days left the small country with an intimate knowledge of pain.

Those who survived, sometimes hidden under bodies of the dead, struggled to recover from ghastly machete wounds and the cruellest of amputations.

With the health care system shattered, little or no pain medication was available.

As Rwanda rebuilt itself, resilience was essential.

Pain was to be borne, ideally without showing suffering. If you did, some said, you were not strong.

But the culture began to change.

As the country drew global attention for advances in health care people were living longer, into their 70s or 80s, and more were dying from diseases such as cancer, heart disease and diabetes.

Rwanda is quietly becoming the new model for Africa, putting liquid morphine production and distribution under strict government control, making it sustainable.

The country's health insurance system covers the drug's cost for patients.

At each hospital, teams are trained in palliative care.

The health workers who prescribe morphine, including nurses and midwives, are taught to differentiate between chronic life-limiting diseases, which can be treated with morphine, and chronic pain, which cannot, at least not without risk.

It is a key distinction.

Critics say for-profit drug makers have blurred that line in richer countries like the US, where untold numbers of people have become addicted to opioids after receiving prescriptions for chronic pain such as osteoarthritis.

Past assurances that addiction was no danger have been revealed as lies.

The resulting confusion over opioid use has caused dismay among health workers in Rwanda and elsewhere in Africa who now must work even harder to press for pain relief.

Even before the US crisis many local doctors were wary of morphine because of fears of abuse and hesitated to prescribe it, they said.

Now that "opiophobia" has deepened.

The situation worsened when the World Health Organization, under pressure from US lawmakers appalled by the addiction crisis, rescinded key guidelines on prescribing opioids amid accusations that they had been influenced by drug makers.

WHO now plans to revise them.

The misunderstandings frustrate Diane Mukasahaha, Rwanda's national coordinator of palliative care.

"Without pain management there is no human right. If people are dying and are in torture of pain that country or that community are not observing human rights regulations," she said, recalling patients without morphine who were near starvation because they couldn't bear to eat.

And yet while the global consumption of opioids has more than tripled since 1997 the increase has been in the use of expensive formulations such as oxycodone and fentanyl, mostly in rich countries where pharmaceutical companies market the drugs, according to a report this year by the International Narcotics Control Board (INCB) that tracked progress in morphine availability in the developing world.

There is enough morphine in the world to treat all who truly need it, the INCB report said, but more than 90 per cent is consumed by the wealthiest countries.

With morphine six times more expensive, on average, in many low and middle-income countries than in wealthy ones and with prices varying wildly, the INCB has told drug companies they should ensure low-cost pain medications as a social responsibility.

And so a growing number of African countries are stepping up to make and distribute morphine, usually in a non-profit and government collaboration.

Kenya is one, Malawi another, but many countries are far behind, without morphine on their essential medicines lists or even a policy on pain relief.

While 22 of Africa's 54 countries now have affordable liquid morphine, according to Hospice Africa Uganda, consumption is still badly limited by challenges such as poor logistics and lack of funding.

While acknowledging Rwanda's achievements, Mukasahaha said more work is needed.

The country's goal of reaching everyone who needs palliative care by 2020 is just weeks away but not everyone benefits from home visits by community health workers, she said. The training of those workers, thousands in all, goes on.

Later that day she visited one of Rwanda's youngest palliative care patients, a 6-year-old girl with bone cancer named Ange Mucyo Izere.

"She was not able to sleep, talk, pray. Now she even accepts chemotherapy," said her mother, Joselyne Mukanyabyenda.

The girl began sipping doses of the liquid morphine in October, and she has been transformed.

During Mukasahaha's visit to her Kigali home she took a visitor's smartphone and began snapping photos, then struck poses for a camera, suddenly emboldened.

Now Rwanda's liquid morphine is made three times a week, about 200 bottles at a time, in a room where a handful of workers in protective scrubs are checked before leaving to prevent the drug being smuggled out.

Health authorities in the capital request how much morphine is needed.

The bottles are sent to Kigali and distributed to hospitals and district pharmacies, where they are kept under lock and key.

The government tracks how much is used.

The oversight leaves little room for abuse or influence by for-profit drug companies, but few are around.

Just one drug maker had a presence at the African palliative care conference, attendees recalled.

Experts estimate it would cost only 145 million dollars a year to make enough morphine to ease end-of-life suffering for all, worldwide.

But there is limited interest in making sure poor people can access that cheaper, more reliable form of pain relief, according to the Opioid Price Watch, which tracks how accessible opioids are around the world.

Faina Nyirabaguiza is 52.

Each of her movements signaled pain.

She walked slowly.

She settled on a wooden bench and folded over herself, rubbing her wrist with her thumb.

The visiting nurse, Mukantagara, increased her morphine dosage on the spot.

She poured the liquid into the bottle cap.

Nyirabaguiza drank three, one after another.

"Now that the dose is up, maybe it will help me," she said, her eyes fixed on the floor.

"My wish is to die. Really, I'm suffering."

Her husband, Felicien Musemihari, was quiet.

"According to what we read, there is heaven. And heaven is better than earth," he said finally.

"Better to leave this world and we'll meet there."

They prayed.

Nyirabaguiza closed her eyes.

Mukantagara's hand was on her back, soothing.

Bushekeli, Rwanda - 5 November 2019

1. Various of nurse Madeleine Mukantagara on foot to meet patient in Bushekeli community

2. Various of patient Vestine Uwizeyimana in bed

3. Madeleine with liquid morphine bottle

4. Close of liquid morphine bottle

5. SOUNDBITE (Kinyarwanda) Vestine Uwizeyimana, 22, spinal degenerative disease patient:

"When I would cry in pain people could hear me up on the main road. It was difficult to talk and eat and often I couldn't recognise people. But since taking the medicine I can eat, talk and recognise people and sometimes I can turn in my bed. I am still sick but somehow, I am better because of the morphine."

6. Various of Madeleine and Vestine praying together

Ruesero (a village near the Kibogora District Hospital), Rwanda - 5 November 2019

7. SOUNDBITE (Kinyarwanda) Madeleine Mukantagara, 56, nurse from Kibogora District Hospital:

"The hardest thing about my job is seeing someone who was normal before now, approaching the end of their lives, step by step."

Kigali, Rwanda - 6 November 2019

8. Various general views of Kigali

Kibogora, Rwanda - 4 November 2019

9. People waiting outside pharmacy at Kibogora District Hospital

10. Young boy outside a pharmacy at the hospital

Kigali, Rwanda - 6 November 2019

11. Medical director Diane Mukasahaha of Rwanda Biomedical Center high fiving Ange Mucyo Izere, 6, bone marrow cancer patient at her home

12. Diane Mukasahaha hugging Ange

13. UPSOUND (English) Diane Mukasahaha, National Palliative Care Program Director, Rwanda Biomedical Center: "She has cancer. She has B-cell ALL (Acute lymphoblastic leukemia)"

14. Ange listening to music on her mother's phone.

15. UPSOUND (English) Diane Mukasahaha, National Palliative Care Program Director, Rwanda Biomedical Center: "Yes according to the mum, before getting morphine, the baby (Ange) was in severe pain and she was not even able to take her other medication because of the pain."

16. Ange taking pictures with her mother's mobile phone

17. Various of Ange

18. SOUNDBITE (English) Diane Mukasahaha, National Palliative Care Program Director, Rwanda Biomedical Center:

"Without pain management there is no human right. If people are dying in torture of pain, that country, that community is not observing human right regulations."

Butare, Rwanda - 7 November 2019

19. Richard Niwenshuti Gatera (in white coat), pharmacist and director of the medicine production unit in Butare, walking into laboratory where liquid morphine is made

20. Richard walking past plaque commemorating staff killed during the 1994 Rwandan genocide at laboratory

21. Close of plaque

22. Richard speaking with the staff that produce the liquid morphine

23. Various of liquid morphine being produced

Ruesero (a village near the Kibogora District Hospital), Rwanda - 5 November 2019

24. Madeleine Mukantagara, 56, nurse, from Kibogora District Hospital greeted by Felicien Musemihari whose wife Faina Nyirabaguiza, 52, has cervical cancer

25. Children of Felicien and Faina

26. Various of Madeleine giving Faina liquid morphine

27. UPSOUND (Kinyarwanda) Faina Nyirabaguiza, 52, cervical cancer sufferer

"I am taking the medicine now, but I am still suffering. Now when the dose is increased maybe it will help me, I don't know. But my wish will be to die. Even if this medicine helps ease my mind, I am really suffering, I just want to pass away."

28. UPSOUND (Kinyarwanda) Felicien Musemihari, Faina's husband: "My wish is for my wife to be able to pass on to go to heaven because I know one day when I too pass, we will be able to meet there again. So my wish is that it is better for her to leave this world."

29. Liquid morphine on the table

30. Various of Mukantagara and the family praying

On the rolling hills of Rwanda, a nurse is on an urgent mission, by foot, to bring relief to a patient suffering from severe pain. In her bag she carries liquid morphine.

For 15 years, Vestine Uwizeyimana had been in unrelenting agony, as disease caused her spine to disintegrate.

She could no longer walk and could barely turn over in bed without whimpering.

At times she could not eat, talk, even recognise loved ones.

Her life narrowed to a small, dark room in a dirt-floor home in rural Rwanda, a rosary hanging on the wall by her side.

Her cries could be heard by passers-by on the road down the hill from her home.

A year ago, relief came in the form of liquid morphine.

The drug, locally produced, is part of a groundbreaking effort by Rwanda to address the world's other opioid crisis, in which millions of people in developing countries are without strong painkillers to calm suffering so intense that some cannot help but scream.

The Associated Press followed the morphine solution from its creation in a modest one-room production plant, to its distribution to patients living on the green hills along Lake Kivu and in the capital, Kigali.

The region is of little interest to the for-profit drug manufacturers that are blamed for rampant opioid addiction in the United States.

Their neglect of sub-Saharan Africa, where most countries are still too poor to be attractive markets for expensive formulations like oxycodone, is now seen as a kind of blessing.

Born of desperation, in the drug makers' absence, a solution has been found that some health experts say could be a model for the world.

With little risk of addiction, and at low cost, the production of liquid morphine that began on a small scale in neighbouring Uganda years ago is now being taken significantly further in Rwanda.

It aims to be the first low or middle-income country to make palliative care, or the easing of pain from life-limiting disease, available to all citizens via universal health care, and for free.

The final steps toward that goal are made on footpaths between rolling bean fields and banana plants as community health workers with bottles of morphine visit homes across Rwanda, bringing relief that many in Africa once considered out of reach.

Uwizeyimana greeted the arrival of health worker Madeleine Mukantagara with a smile.

The 56-year-old nurse settled on the edge of the bed, and they began with prayer.

Then there were questions and checking of vital signs.

Uwizeyimana was feeling better.

They held hands and prayed again, in whispers.

Uwizeyimana closed her eyes.

"The hardest thing about my job is seeing someone who was normal before now approaching the end of their lives, step by step" Mukantagara said as a tear dropped from the corner of her eye.

Uwizeyimana is not the youngest among the 70 patients she sees.

Many have cancer, some have HIV and few have both.

As a palliative care worker, Mukantagara has long been a witness to death.

She watched her sister die of cancer decades ago, in agony, without relief.

Now she attends patients' funerals and thanks grieving families for their care and support.

To relax, she sings in her church choir, and in her office across from the hospital chapel she hums along with the hymns.

A psychologist colleague offers her counseling.

The work is never easy, she said. But with the morphine, at least, there is a chance for death with dignity.

Twenty-five years ago, Rwanda's genocide offered nothing of the sort.

The killing of some 800-thousand ethnic Tutsis and moderate ethnic Hutus over roughly 100 days left the small country with an intimate knowledge of pain.

Those who survived, sometimes hidden under bodies of the dead, struggled to recover from ghastly machete wounds and the cruellest of amputations.

With the health care system shattered, little or no pain medication was available.

As Rwanda rebuilt itself, resilience was essential.

Pain was to be borne, ideally without showing suffering. If you did, some said, you were not strong.

But the culture began to change.

As the country drew global attention for advances in health care people were living longer, into their 70s or 80s, and more were dying from diseases such as cancer, heart disease and diabetes.

Rwanda is quietly becoming the new model for Africa, putting liquid morphine production and distribution under strict government control, making it sustainable.

The country's health insurance system covers the drug's cost for patients.

At each hospital, teams are trained in palliative care.

The health workers who prescribe morphine, including nurses and midwives, are taught to differentiate between chronic life-limiting diseases, which can be treated with morphine, and chronic pain, which cannot, at least not without risk.

It is a key distinction.

Critics say for-profit drug makers have blurred that line in richer countries like the US, where untold numbers of people have become addicted to opioids after receiving prescriptions for chronic pain such as osteoarthritis.

Past assurances that addiction was no danger have been revealed as lies.

The resulting confusion over opioid use has caused dismay among health workers in Rwanda and elsewhere in Africa who now must work even harder to press for pain relief.

Even before the US crisis many local doctors were wary of morphine because of fears of abuse and hesitated to prescribe it, they said.

Now that "opiophobia" has deepened.

The situation worsened when the World Health Organization, under pressure from US lawmakers appalled by the addiction crisis, rescinded key guidelines on prescribing opioids amid accusations that they had been influenced by drug makers.

WHO now plans to revise them.

The misunderstandings frustrate Diane Mukasahaha, Rwanda's national coordinator of palliative care.

"Without pain management there is no human right. If people are dying and are in torture of pain that country or that community are not observing human rights regulations," she said, recalling patients without morphine who were near starvation because they couldn't bear to eat.

And yet while the global consumption of opioids has more than tripled since 1997 the increase has been in the use of expensive formulations such as oxycodone and fentanyl, mostly in rich countries where pharmaceutical companies market the drugs, according to a report this year by the International Narcotics Control Board (INCB) that tracked progress in morphine availability in the developing world.

There is enough morphine in the world to treat all who truly need it, the INCB report said, but more than 90 per cent is consumed by the wealthiest countries.

With morphine six times more expensive, on average, in many low and middle-income countries than in wealthy ones and with prices varying wildly, the INCB has told drug companies they should ensure low-cost pain medications as a social responsibility.

And so a growing number of African countries are stepping up to make and distribute morphine, usually in a non-profit and government collaboration.

Kenya is one, Malawi another, but many countries are far behind, without morphine on their essential medicines lists or even a policy on pain relief.

While 22 of Africa's 54 countries now have affordable liquid morphine, according to Hospice Africa Uganda, consumption is still badly limited by challenges such as poor logistics and lack of funding.

While acknowledging Rwanda's achievements, Mukasahaha said more work is needed.

The country's goal of reaching everyone who needs palliative care by 2020 is just weeks away but not everyone benefits from home visits by community health workers, she said. The training of those workers, thousands in all, goes on.

Later that day she visited one of Rwanda's youngest palliative care patients, a 6-year-old girl with bone cancer named Ange Mucyo Izere.

"She was not able to sleep, talk, pray. Now she even accepts chemotherapy," said her mother, Joselyne Mukanyabyenda.

The girl began sipping doses of the liquid morphine in October, and she has been transformed.

During Mukasahaha's visit to her Kigali home she took a visitor's smartphone and began snapping photos, then struck poses for a camera, suddenly emboldened.

Now Rwanda's liquid morphine is made three times a week, about 200 bottles at a time, in a room where a handful of workers in protective scrubs are checked before leaving to prevent the drug being smuggled out.

Health authorities in the capital request how much morphine is needed.

The bottles are sent to Kigali and distributed to hospitals and district pharmacies, where they are kept under lock and key.

The government tracks how much is used.

The oversight leaves little room for abuse or influence by for-profit drug companies, but few are around.

Just one drug maker had a presence at the African palliative care conference, attendees recalled.

Experts estimate it would cost only 145 million dollars a year to make enough morphine to ease end-of-life suffering for all, worldwide.

But there is limited interest in making sure poor people can access that cheaper, more reliable form of pain relief, according to the Opioid Price Watch, which tracks how accessible opioids are around the world.

Faina Nyirabaguiza is 52.

Each of her movements signaled pain.

She walked slowly.

She settled on a wooden bench and folded over herself, rubbing her wrist with her thumb.

The visiting nurse, Mukantagara, increased her morphine dosage on the spot.

She poured the liquid into the bottle cap.

Nyirabaguiza drank three, one after another.

"Now that the dose is up, maybe it will help me," she said, her eyes fixed on the floor.

"My wish is to die. Really, I'm suffering."

Her husband, Felicien Musemihari, was quiet.

"According to what we read, there is heaven. And heaven is better than earth," he said finally.

"Better to leave this world and we'll meet there."

They prayed.

Nyirabaguiza closed her eyes.

Mukantagara's hand was on her back, soothing.

Bushekeli, Rwanda - 5 November 2019

1. Various of nurse Madeleine Mukantagara on foot to meet patient in Bushekeli community

2. Various of patient Vestine Uwizeyimana in bed

3. Madeleine with liquid morphine bottle

4. Close of liquid morphine bottle

5. SOUNDBITE (Kinyarwanda) Vestine Uwizeyimana, 22, spinal degenerative disease patient:

"When I would cry in pain people could hear me up on the main road. It was difficult to talk and eat and often I couldn't recognise people. But since taking the medicine I can eat, talk and recognise people and sometimes I can turn in my bed. I am still sick but somehow, I am better because of the morphine."

6. Various of Madeleine and Vestine praying together

Ruesero (a village near the Kibogora District Hospital), Rwanda - 5 November 2019

7. SOUNDBITE (Kinyarwanda) Madeleine Mukantagara, 56, nurse from Kibogora District Hospital:

"The hardest thing about my job is seeing someone who was normal before now, approaching the end of their lives, step by step."

Kigali, Rwanda - 6 November 2019

8. Various general views of Kigali

Kibogora, Rwanda - 4 November 2019

9. People waiting outside pharmacy at Kibogora District Hospital

10. Young boy outside a pharmacy at the hospital

Kigali, Rwanda - 6 November 2019

11. Medical director Diane Mukasahaha of Rwanda Biomedical Center high fiving Ange Mucyo Izere, 6, bone marrow cancer patient at her home

12. Diane Mukasahaha hugging Ange

13. UPSOUND (English) Diane Mukasahaha, National Palliative Care Program Director, Rwanda Biomedical Center: "She has cancer. She has B-cell ALL (Acute lymphoblastic leukemia)"

14. Ange listening to music on her mother's phone.

15. UPSOUND (English) Diane Mukasahaha, National Palliative Care Program Director, Rwanda Biomedical Center: "Yes according to the mum, before getting morphine, the baby (Ange) was in severe pain and she was not even able to take her other medication because of the pain."

16. Ange taking pictures with her mother's mobile phone

17. Various of Ange

18. SOUNDBITE (English) Diane Mukasahaha, National Palliative Care Program Director, Rwanda Biomedical Center:

"Without pain management there is no human right. If people are dying in torture of pain, that country, that community is not observing human right regulations."

Butare, Rwanda - 7 November 2019

19. Richard Niwenshuti Gatera (in white coat), pharmacist and director of the medicine production unit in Butare, walking into laboratory where liquid morphine is made

20. Richard walking past plaque commemorating staff killed during the 1994 Rwandan genocide at laboratory

21. Close of plaque

22. Richard speaking with the staff that produce the liquid morphine

23. Various of liquid morphine being produced

Ruesero (a village near the Kibogora District Hospital), Rwanda - 5 November 2019

24. Madeleine Mukantagara, 56, nurse, from Kibogora District Hospital greeted by Felicien Musemihari whose wife Faina Nyirabaguiza, 52, has cervical cancer

25. Children of Felicien and Faina

26. Various of Madeleine giving Faina liquid morphine

27. UPSOUND (Kinyarwanda) Faina Nyirabaguiza, 52, cervical cancer sufferer

"I am taking the medicine now, but I am still suffering. Now when the dose is increased maybe it will help me, I don't know. But my wish will be to die. Even if this medicine helps ease my mind, I am really suffering, I just want to pass away."

28. UPSOUND (Kinyarwanda) Felicien Musemihari, Faina's husband: "My wish is for my wife to be able to pass on to go to heaven because I know one day when I too pass, we will be able to meet there again. So my wish is that it is better for her to leave this world."

29. Liquid morphine on the table

30. Various of Mukantagara and the family praying

STORY

Ent Rushes Stand Up To Cancer Pt 1

FURTHER RESTRICTIONS: None

USED FOR STORIES # : 863589

TAPE FORMAT: XDCAM HD

SHOWS

London, 24 September 2012

15 mins approx

AP Entertainment

1. Wide shot press conference

2. Medium of comedian and host Alan Carr gives speech

3. Wide shot of stage

4. Close up Alan Carr

5. Live performance of The Big C choir

6. Back to stage

T/I: 10:46:46

9824

Linda McCartney Memorial/London/8th June/ENT 2

Surviving Beatles In Harmony For Linda

The Beatles classic "Let It Be" rang around Trafalgar Square in London on Monday night (8/6), as Sir Paul McCartney was joined by thousands of friends and wellwishers to pay tribute to his wife, Linda. While the choir and the congregation sang the song as a final farewell, some 3,000 animal rights campaigners and fans held a candle-lit vigil outside St Martin-in-the-Fields, where the memorial service was held.

SHOWS:

ST MARTINS IN THE FIELDS CHURCH ; PHOTO OF LINDA MCCARTNEY IN TRAFALGAR SQUARE ; PEOPLE WAITING IN RAIN WITH HELP ANIMALS BANNER ; CU BANNER ; ELTON JOHN ARRIVAL ; RINGO AND BARBARA BACH ARRIVAL ; CA POLICE ; BEATLES PRODUCER GEORGE MARTIN ARRIVAL ; CA PRESS ; GEORGE HARRISON ARRIVAL ; ROAD IN FRONT OF ST MARTINS IN THE FIELDS CHURCH ; SIR PAUL MCCARTNEY ARRIVES WITH FAMILY ; DUSK ST MARTINS IN THE FIELDS ; CANDLELIT VIGIL BY PHOTO OF LINDA ; CU CANDLES PULL OUT FROM LINDA MESSAGE BOARD ; GUITARIST SINGING TO PICTURE OF LINDA ; VOX POP MAN ; VOX POP WOMAN ; MCCARTNEY AND FAMILY LEAVING CHURCH

Aretha Franklin's funeral got off to a late start Friday as mourners filled the Greater Grace Temple in Detroit.

Bishop Charles Ellis III told guests: "It took a little time to get in here but I believe the Queen wouldn't have had it any other way."

He said it would be a "lengthy service in that you cannot celebrate the life of an icon, a legacy, a mother, an aunt, a grandmother in a couple of hours. We're going to do our best not to waste time, but we want to to take the necessary time to honor this great woman of God."

Franklin's body arrived earlier in the day in a 1940 Cadillac LaSalle hearse.

She was dressed in a shimmering gold dress, with sequined heels — the fourth outfit Franklin was clothed in during a week of events leading up to her funeral.

Franklin died Aug. 16 of pancreatic cancer at 76.

POOL

Detroit - 31 August 2018

1. Medium of casket with choir singing in background

2. Mid of choir singing

3. UPSOUND (English) Bishop Charles Ellis III/Clergy: "It took a little time to get in here but I believe the Queen wouldn't have had it any other way (applause). It is our task to move this service along. We would ask everyone that is participating in this service on this day if you would be so kind as to keep your remarks brief, those that are reading scriptures, we will ask you to do that and those of you that are praying prayers we will ask you to do that. This is going to be a lengthy service in that you cannot celebrate the life of an icon, a legacy, a mother, an aunt, a grandmother in a couple of hours. We're going to do our best not to waste time, but we want to to take the necessary time to honor this great woman of God (applause)."

4. Close of Franklin family members

5. UPSOUND (English) Bishop Charles Ellis III/Clergy: "I will call now for, I know that you have been standing for quite a while but I'm going to ask you one last time, everyone except the family. This family has shared their mother, their grandmother, their aunt, their cousin with the entire world. Let us all stand and thank them for sharing her with us." ++PARTLY COVERED WITH SHOTS OF GUESTS STANDING AND MEMBERS OF FRANKLIN FAMILY SEATED++

6. UPSOUND (English) Chrisette Ellis/Bishop's wife: "People have come to pay tribute to a once-in-a-lifetime talent whose voice was the soundtrack of our lives. The celebrated and the uncelebrated danced to the Queen's music, cleaned house to the Queen's music, laughed, cried, made cornbread and greens to the Queen's music. Break up, make up, dream dreams to her music. The Queen of Soul sang to our soul, one beat, one sound. There was something she made us feel. Aretha was real. The motor in this city, the Queen of Soul blasting on the radio, traveling the highways and byways of life. We found the 'Freeway of Love.' Thank you. Thank you, Miss Aretha Franklin. It's been quite a ride. Pink cadillacs rolling, we can't quit 'til we get to the other side. God bless you."

++ENDS ON UPSOUND++

ARETHA FRANKLIN'S FUNERAL SERVICE GETS UNDERWAY

Aretha Franklin's funeral got off to a late start Friday (31AUG2018) as mourners filled the Greater Grace Temple in Detroit.

Bishop Charles Ellis III told guests, "It took a little time to get in here but I believe the Queen wouldn't have had it any other way."

He said it would be a "lengthy service in that you cannot celebrate the life of an icon, a legacy, a mother, an aunt, a grandmother in a couple of hours. We're going to do our best not to waste time, but we want to to take the necessary time to honor this great woman of God."

Franklin's body arrived earlier in the day in a 1940 Cadillac LaSalle hearse. She was dressed in a shimmering gold dress, with sequined heels — the fourth outfit Franklin was clothed in during a week of events leading up to her funeral.

Franklin died Aug. 16 of pancreatic cancer at 76.

POOL

Detroit - 31 August 2018

1. Medium of casket with choir singing in background

POOL

Detroit - 31 August 2018

2. Mid of choir singing

POOL

Detroit - 31 August 2018

3. UPSOUND (English) Bishop Charles Ellis III/Clergy: "It took a little time to get in here but I believe the Queen wouldn't have had it any other way (applause). It is our task to move this service along. We would ask everyone that is participating in this service on this day if you would be so kind as to keep your remarks brief, those that are reading scriptures, we will ask you to do that and those of you that are praying prayers we will ask you to do that. This is going to be a lengthy service in that you cannot celebrate the life of an icon, a legacy, a mother, an aunt, a grandmother in a couple of hours. We're going to do our best not to waste time, but we want to to take the necessary time to honor this great woman of God (applause)."

POOL

Detroit - 31 August 2018

4. Close of Franklin family members

POOL

Detroit - 31 August 2018

5. UPSOUND (English) Bishop Charles Ellis III/Clergy: "I will call now for, I know that you have been standing for quite a while but I'm going to ask you one last time, everyone except the family. This family has shared their mother, their grandmother, their aunt, their cousin with the entire world. Let us all stand and thank them for sharing her with us." ++PARTLY COVERED WITH SHOTS OF GUESTS STANDING AND MEMBERS OF FRANKLIN FAMILY SEATED++

POOL

Detroit - 31 August 2018

6. UPSOUND (English) Chrisette Ellis/Bishop's wife: "People have come to pay tribute to a once-in-a-lifetime talent whose voice was the soundtrack of our lives. The celebrated and the uncelebrated danced to the Queen's music, cleaned house to the Queen's music, laughed, cried, made cornbread and greens to the Queen's music. Break up, make up, dream dreams to her music. The Queen of Soul sang to our soul, one beat, one sound. There was something she made us feel. Aretha was real. The motor in this city, the Queen of Soul blasting on the radio, traveling the highways and byways of life. We found the 'Freeway of Love.' Thank you. Thank you, Miss Aretha Franklin. It's been quite a ride. Pink cadillacs rolling, we can't quit 'til we get to the other side. God bless you."

++ENDS ON UPSOUND++

SHOTLIST (including transcript):-

AP Entertainment

London, 2 October 2012

1. Wide shot entrance of Royal Albert Hall

2. Mid shot Anthony Hopkins poses for photographs with Andre Rieu

3. Tilt up ceremony host Myleene Klass

4. Mid shot Russell Watson

5. Mid shot Anthony Hopkins and Andre Rieu walk up red carpet

6. SOUNDBITE (English) Anthony Hopkins, actor:

"I play the piano, I'm not an expert, not a classical musician or anything, but I love improvising and writing music and I wrote this waltz in 1964, many, many years ago, almost 50 years ago. And, I've written lots of other music but I've never orchestrated it and I orchestrated various pieces and I sent it to Andre (Rieu) - my wife did, actually - and I got a phone call from him when I was in Mexico City doing publicity for a movie and he played it to me, made a recording with his orchestra and I heard it over the phone. I couldn't believe it. Then we went to Maastricht, Vienna last year, July, then later Maastricht where he played the waltz, to 8 thousand people I believe."

Andre Rieu: "10 thousand."

Anthony Hopkins: "10 thousand people."

(Reporter: What was your initial reaction when you first went through the music?)

Andre Rieu: "So I tell you every day people ask me to play their waltzes and until now I prefer the big waltzes by the big maestro Johann Strauss but then this waltz, this man called me and when Anthony Hopkins calls you, you 'oh yes of course I'm very interested' and then I was sent the score and immediately, you know when you play music you hear it, if it touches your heart or not, and this touched my heart immediately and we made a first draft and he liked it so I was very honored."

(Reporter: Will you be collaborating again?)

Anthony Hopkins: "I don't know, life's a dream."

Andre Rieu: "Who knows."

7. Mid shot Russell Watson

8. SOUNDBITE (English) Russell Watson, recording artist - on his nomination for Album of the Year for "Anthems":

"In all fairness this one for me isn't really about winning or losing an award, it's about the fact that it's been 10 years since I was here and it's about the struggle that I've had to come through to get back to this point and get back in the Classical BRITs and it's just a delight and a thrill to be here."

9. Wide shot Russell Watson jokes with reporter

10. SOUNDBITE (English) Russell Watson, recording artist - on which of the performances scheduled for the evening his is looking forward to:

"Well obviously Andrea Boccelli's got an absolutely sublime voice so I'm looking forward to him, I know Gary's doing a little stint with The Military Wives, so I think that'll be super."

11. Mid shot choir master Gareth Malone with members of choir The Military Wives Eden Burrell and Maria Dudley

12. SOUNDBITE (English) Gareth Malone, choir master: "We've got a big performance to do at the end of the night which is sort of what we're all focused on, and then there's a small matter of being nominated for best single, which would be really lovely. It's great to be here celebrating what choirs have achieved in the last year. I think in the last - 5, 10 years ago I don't think anyone would have put money on a choir getting to number one, and we've done that and that's testament to these ladies' efforts."

(Reporter: How confident are you feeling about the actual award?)

SOUNDBITE (English) Eden Burrell, The Military Wives: "To be honest, just being here is amazing, so whether we win or not, we've already achieved so much for so many charities."

Gareth Malone: "You're like a politician!"

Eden Burrell: "Sorry"

Gareth Malone: "That was brilliant, textbook answer. Yeah I'm really excited, I'm hopeful, I'm hopeful."

13. Mid shot Joe McElderry

14. SOUNDBITE (English) Joe McElderry, recording artist

"Bocelli's singing as well that will be pretty cool. And you know, Andrew Lloyd Webber, Gary Barlow, they're all - The Military Wives, that's going to be a really cool thing to see. I always just like events that celebrate music, you know whether it's the BRITs or the Classic BRITs, any music ceremony where it brings loads of artists together and it's supportive and it puts a positive - you know there's something a lot of negativity in this industry. It's nice to see all the positively filled in this room tonight."

15. Mid shot Andrea Bocelli arrives

16. SOUNDBITE (English) Andrea Bocelli, recording artist: "It's a big honor because when you receive some award like this which means that people love you, so it's a big - which is the most important thing."

17. Wide shot Anthony Hopkins poses for photographers, goes into Royal Albert Hall

18. Wide shot exterior Royal Albert Hall

+++CLIENTS PLEASE NOTE: AWARD RESULTS INFORMATION IS EMARGOED TIL 2100 GMT

ANTHONY HOPKINS JOINS STARS OF CLASSICAL MUSIC AT CLASSIC BRIT AWARDS

Hollywood star Sir Anthony Hopkins can add another accolade to his long list of honors - he has contributed to the winning Album of the Year, at the Classic BRIT Awards 2012.

The actor joined classical music stars including Andre Rieu, Andrea Bocelli and Russell Watson in London, Tuesday (2 OCT.), for the awards ceremony at the Royal Albert Hall.

Fans of Hopkin's films may be less familiar with his musical work - but he composed the title track of Rieu's winning album "And the Waltz Goes On."

"The Silence of the Lambs" star arrived on the red carpet with his violinist friend, and explained how he came to contribute to the album.

"I play the piano, I'm not an expert, not a classical musician or anything, but I love improvising and writing music and I wrote this waltz in 1964, many, many years ago, almost 50 years ago," said Hopkins. "And, I've written lots of other music but I've never orchestrated it and I orchestrated various pieces and I sent it to Andre - my wife did, actually - and I got a phone call from him when I was in Mexico City doing publicity for a movie and he played it to me, made a recording with his orchestra and I heard it over the phone. I couldn't believe it."

"Every day people ask me to play their waltzes and until now I prefer the big waltzes by the big maestro Johann Strauss," added Rieu, " but then this waltz, this man called me and when Anthony Hopkins calls you, you 'Oh yes of course I'm very interested' and then I was sent the score and immediately, you know when you play music you hear it, if it touches your heart or not, and this touched my heart immediately and we made a first draft and he liked it so I was very honored."

"And the Waltz Goes On" beat out nominees including Italian tenor Andrea Bocelli and four times Classic BRIT winner Russell Watson.

Watson, a brain cancer survivor, arrived ready to perform during the ceremony, after having to pull out of last year's event just the night before, due to ill health.

The English tenor was in philosophical mood on the red carpet about whether his 8th Classic BRIT nomination would lead to a prize.

"In all fairness this one for me isn't really about winning or losing an award, it's about the fact that it's been 10 years since I was here and it's about the struggle that I've had to come through to get back to this point and get back in the Classical BRITs and it's just a delight and a thrill to be here."

Watson was also eager to watch his fellow performers, who included Bocelli, and "Sing" composers Gary Barlow and Andrew Lloyd Webber.

The pair played two grand pianos to accompany The Military Wives choir, who sang the jubilee anthem.

Choir master Gareth Malone arrived with Military Wives members Eden Burrell and Maria Dudley, eager to perform.

"We've got a big performance to do at the end of the night which is sort of what we're all focused on," said Malone,"and then there's a small matter of being nominated for best single, which would be really lovely."

The choir went on to win the award for Single of the Year, for "Wherever You Are"

"It's great to be here celebrating what choirs have achieved in the last year," Malone said before the ceremony. "I think in the last - 5, 10 years ago I don't think anyone would have put money on a choir getting to number one, and we've done that and that's testament to these ladies' efforts."

"To be honest, just being here is amazing, so whether we win or not, we've already achieved so much for so many charities," agreed Burrell.

Andrea Bocelli, who arrived shortly before the ceremony began, had previously been announced as International Artist of the Year.

Classical music's biggest selling solo artist, who has sold more than 75 million records worldwide, arrived still thrilled to be getting tributes.

"It's a big honor because when you receive some award like this which means that people love you, so it's a big - which is the most important thing," said Bocelli.

Also previously announced, Oscar winning Hollywood composer John Williams was given a Lifetime Achievement award, to honor his iconic scores including "Jaws," "ET The Extra Terrestrial," "Indiana Jones," "Harry Potter" and "Close Encounters of the Third Kind."

Williams was also named best composer for "War Horse" and "The Adventures of TinTin."

MOURNERS LINE UP TO PAY RESPECTS TO ARETHA FRANKLIN

Hundreds of people lined up to pay their final respects to Aretha Franklin on Wednesday (29 AUG. 2018) - the second day of the public viewing.

Fans outside Detroit's Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History talked about their memories of the Queen of Soul.

Mourner Herman Phillips had personal memories of Franklin.

"I feel that I'm a privileged one because I sang in a choir with Aretha when I joined her father's church - in a young adult choir. I sang with her, not often because she was on the road a lot, but I do say I have that privilege. I was able to sing with Aretha at one time," he said.

Fellow fan Delana Kidd recalled how she had a surprise meeting with Franklin while at work.

"She was in the store and she was kind of dressed down and everybody was looking and I'm the new kid on the block and they said 'that's Aretha Franklin,' and I was like 'I don't think so,' and they were like 'it's her!' So I went up and asked her - 'are you Aretha Franklin?' And she was like 'yes,' and she was just so humble, so beautiful, she didn't shush me away. She started a conversation and I was like 'I'm a forever fan,'" she said.

On Tuesday, mourners saw Franklin in repose, dressed in red from head to high-heeled shoes, while on Wednesday, visitors say she was wearing blue.

"You would have to be here to see how beautiful she looked today. (In) blue - I don't know about red yesterday, I didn't see it -  but they had her gracefully and she just looked gorgeous, peaceful," said Kidd.

Franklin died Aug. 16 at age 76 of pancreatic cancer. Her funeral will take place on Friday.

Detroit, 29 August 2018

1. Wide shot of fans outside Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History

2. Medium shot of entrance

3. VOX POP (English) Delana Kidd, Aretha Franklin fan:

"I laid in bed this morning and I said, 'you've got to get up and go.' Today was my day off, so I said 'you've got to come.' And I work at (indecipherable) and so I met her about ten years ago. She was in the store and she was kind of dressed down and everybody was looking and I'm the new kid on the block and they said 'that's Aretha Franklin,' and I was like 'I don't think so,' and they were like 'it's her!' So I went up and asked her - 'are you Aretha Franklin?' And she was like 'yes,' and she was just so humble, so beautiful, she didn't shush me away. She started a conversation and I was like 'I'm a forever fan.' I was already a fan, but that just kind of sealed the deal for me. And today she just - you would have to be here to see how beautiful she looked today. (In) blue - I don't know about red yesterday, I didn't see it - but they had her gracefully and she just looked gorgeous, peaceful."

4. VOX POP (English) Herman Phillips, Aretha Franklin fan:

"I feel that I'm a privileged one because I sang in a choir with Aretha when I joined her father's church - in a young adult choir. I sang with her, not often because she was on the road a lot, but I do say I have that privilege. I was able to sing with Aretha at one time."

5. Wide shot of fans outside Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History

MOURNERS LINE UP TO PAY RESPECTS TO ARETHA FRANKLIN

Hundreds of people lined up to pay their final respects to Aretha Franklin on Wednesday (29 AUG. 2018) - the second day of the public viewing.

Fans outside Detroit's Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History talked about their memories of the Queen of Soul.

Mourner Herman Phillips had personal memories of Franklin.

"I feel that I'm a privileged one because I sang in a choir with Aretha when I joined her father's church - in a young adult choir. I sang with her, not often because she was on the road a lot, but I do say I have that privilege. I was able to sing with Aretha at one time," he said.

Fellow fan Delana Kidd recalled how she had a surprise meeting with Franklin while at work.

"She was in the store and she was kind of dressed down and everybody was looking and I'm the new kid on the block and they said 'that's Aretha Franklin,' and I was like 'I don't think so,' and they were like 'it's her!' So I went up and asked her - 'are you Aretha Franklin?' And she was like 'yes,' and she was just so humble, so beautiful, she didn't shush me away. She started a conversation and I was like 'I'm a forever fan,'" she said.

On Tuesday, mourners saw Franklin in repose, dressed in red from head to high-heeled shoes, while on Wednesday, visitors say she was wearing blue.

"You would have to be here to see how beautiful she looked today. (In) blue - I don't know about red yesterday, I didn't see it -  but they had her gracefully and she just looked gorgeous, peaceful," said Kidd.

Franklin died Aug. 16 at age 76 of pancreatic cancer. Her funeral will take place on Friday.

Detroit, 29 August 2018

1. Wide shot of fans outside Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History

2. Medium shot of entrance

3. VOX POP (English) Delana Kidd, Aretha Franklin fan:

"I laid in bed this morning and I said, 'you've got to get up and go.' Today was my day off, so I said 'you've got to come.' And I work at (indecipherable) and so I met her about ten years ago. She was in the store and she was kind of dressed down and everybody was looking and I'm the new kid on the block and they said 'that's Aretha Franklin,' and I was like 'I don't think so,' and they were like 'it's her!' So I went up and asked her - 'are you Aretha Franklin?' And she was like 'yes,' and she was just so humble, so beautiful, she didn't shush me away. She started a conversation and I was like 'I'm a forever fan.' I was already a fan, but that just kind of sealed the deal for me. And today she just - you would have to be here to see how beautiful she looked today. (In) blue - I don't know about red yesterday, I didn't see it - but they had her gracefully and she just looked gorgeous, peaceful."

4. VOX POP (English) Herman Phillips, Aretha Franklin fan:

"I feel that I'm a privileged one because I sang in a choir with Aretha when I joined her father's church - in a young adult choir. I sang with her, not often because she was on the road a lot, but I do say I have that privilege. I was able to sing with Aretha at one time."

5. Wide shot of fans outside Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History

Nelson Mandela's dream of a hospital to provide specialised care for children opened in Johannesburg on Friday.

The 200-bed Nelson Mandela Children's Hospital cost 70 million US dollars to build and will employ 150 paediatric doctors and 450 nurses.

It is equipped with state-of-the-art equipment and will provide child-centre treatment for cancer, kidney, brain, lung and heart ailments.

Video equipment has also been installed in the operating rooms to send live broadcasts of surgeries in order to educate doctors in remote areas across southern Africa.

The idea for the hospital was conceived by Mandela more than a decade ago, with the construction funded largely by donations from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Islamic Relief Worldwide and the Kellogg Foundation.

Johannesburg - 2 December 2016

1. Exterior of the Nelson Mandela Children's Hospital

2. Donors and government officials inside the hospital

3. MRI machine in hospital

4. XRays on screens

5. MRI machine

6. Part of the children's ward

7. Children's choir singing

8.SOUNDBITE (English) Graca Machel, Nelson Mandela's widow:

"Madiba (Mandela's clan name) said to us 'any society will be judged according to the way it treats its children' and the children's hospital is exactly stating that. Children are to have in this hospital the very best we can. The trust has raised the standards for his country and for this continent. It has been proved that we can do it and from now on there are no excuses."

9. Pan of MRI machine

10. Donors and government officials inside the ward

11.SOUNDBITE (English) Aaron Motsoaledi, South African Health Minister:

"The Nelson Mandela Children's Hospital will play a pivotal role in achieving the goals, especially with the respect to highly specialized services, for children in South Africa and the region".

12. People talking inside hospital room

13. Various of choir singing and dancing along with Machel and Motsoaledi

14. Painting of Mandela holding young child with cap reading (English) "Nelson Mandela Children's Hospital"

15. Various of lady painting Nelson Mandela portrait

16. Choir singing and dancing

SHOTLIST

AP Television

Nashville, Tennessee, 7 June 2010

1. Wide shot Greer Stadium

2. Wide shot City of Hope sign

3. Wide shot players from both teams taking group picture

4. Medium shot players taking group picture, including Carrie Underwood and her finacee, NHL player Mike Fisher, above her in a white hat

5. Wide player warms up in front of the City of Hope sign

6. Medium Cheyenne Kimball and Mike Gossin of Gloriana warm up

7. Medium fans, pan to Carrie Underwood signing autographs

8. Carrie Underwood warming up at second base, throws ball to first

9. SOUNDBITE (English) Carrie Underwood, Recording Artist: "You would never know it now, but I played about nine years of softball, and I would like to think I was pretty good. I don't really know what happened. I think somewhere along the way I became a girly girl, a prissy girl. We're just out here to have fun. That's what it's all about."

10. Medium shot Carrie Underwood as the After MidNite team is introduced

11. Medium shot Ottawa Senators hockey player and Carrie Underwood's fianc�e Mike Fisher (wearing white hat)

12. Tight shot Mike Fisher

13. Medium shot Jason Aldean warming up at short stop

14. SOUNDBITE (English) Jason Aldean, Recording Artist: "I'd like to think I used to be athletic back when I was in high school. That's been a long time ago. But I grew up playing baseball and football. I played baseball from the time I was five until I was 19. That was my favorite sport growing up. I still try to get out and do some stuff every now and then, but definitely not what I once was for sure. I'm just trying to keep from embarrassing myself today."

15. Medium shot Joe Nichols, pan down to his cleats

16. SOUNDBITE (English) Joe Nichols, Recording Artist: "I'm going to spike Luke Bryan with these, just going to slide into second really hard and spike him. If he's not on the same team. I may do it if he's on the same team. I may do that, too."

17. Medium shot Luke Bryan talking with members of the Trailer Choir

18. SOUNDBITE (English) Luke Bryan, Recording Artist: "I grew up playing all sports, baseball, football and basketball, and I played high school baseball a lot. It's always fun to come out here and see how much my skills have diminished with every passing year. It's fun coming out here and playing ball."

19. Medium shot Carrie Underwood hits the ball

20. Medium shot player from another team chases the ball

21. Medium shot Carrie Underwood gets to first base

22. Pan of fans taking pictures

23. Carrie Underwood runs from second to third and then scores for the Grand Ole Opry team

24. Batter from the Trailer Choir slides into home for the Grand Ole Opry team

25. Jason Aldean runs from second to third

26. Joe Nichols on the After MidNite team throws his hands up in mock frustration

27. Wide shot of crowd

28. Tight shot of fan taking a picture

29. Grand Ole Opry player pitches the ball

30. Chuck Wicks and Keith Anderson of the After MidNite team run through second base, pull out to Jason Aldean fielding the ball

CARRIE UNDERWOOD, JASON ALDEAN AND OTHER COUNTRY STARS FLEX THEIR MUSCLES AT CHARITY SOFTBALL GAME

Before they were stars, most of the country artists playing in the City of Hope Celebrity Softball Challenge Monday night (07 JUNE 2010) were athletes.

Artists including Carrie Underwood and Jason Aldean got a chance to show off their skills at Monday night's game, and Underwood's fianc�, Ottawa Senators hockey player Mike Fisher, also joined the fun.

"You would never know it now, but I played about nine years of softball," said Underwood. "I would like to think I was pretty good. I don't really know what happened. I think somewhere along the way I became a girly girl, a prissy girl. We're just out here to have fun. That's what it's all about."

Jason Aldean also remembers his athletic glory days.

"I'd like to think I used to be athletic back when I was in high school," he said. "That's been a long time ago. But I grew up playing baseball and football. I played baseball from the time I was five until I was 19. That was my favorite sport growing up. I still try to get out and do some stuff every now and then, but definitely not what I once was for sure. I'm just trying to keep from embarrassing myself today."

It was easy to tell who came to play by the shoes on their feet. Singer Joe Nichols was wearing Under Armour cleats.

Asked what he was most looking forward to, Nichols joked: "I'm going to spike Luke Bryan with these, just going to slide into second really hard and spike him. If he's not on the same team. I may do it if he's on the same team. I may do that, too."

Turns out they were both on the After MidNite team.

"I grew up playing all sports, baseball, football and basketball," said Bryan. "I played high school baseball a lot. It's always fun to come out here and see how much my skills have diminished with every passing year."

Underwood had a strong showing at the game, sending a line drive into the outfield on her first trip up to bat and eventually making her way around the bases to score. She also made an impressive, leaping catch to get a runner out as she was covering second base.

The score was tied 10-10 at the end of the sixth inning, and the fans were given the power to decide if the teams should play an extra inning. They said play ball, and After MidNite scored an additional five runs, beating the Grand Ole Opry 15-10.

Tickets from the game and its corresponding auction raised money for the City of Hope, a research and treatment center for cancer and other life-threatening diseases. Since it began, the event has raised more than $2 million (USD) for the cause.

Other celebrities playing softball included: Vince Gill, The Oak Ridge Boys, Keith Anderson, Justin Moore, Josh Thompson, The Band Perry, Whitney Duncan, Gloriana, Trailer Choir, Craig Morgan, Love and Theft, Chuck Wicks, Colt Ford, David Nail, Jaron and The Long Road to Love, Julianne Hough and Randy Montana.

SHOTLIST

AP Archive Instant Library - World News Review 2007

Tape Number: WNR/IL 2007

Sound: Nat Sot

Duration: 80 minutes 48 seconds

IRAQ

10:00:13

In January President Bush acknowledged for the first time that he had made a mistake by not ordering a military build-up in Iraq in 2006 and said he was increasing U.S. troops by 21,500 to quell the country's near-anarchy. "Where mistakes have been made, the responsibility rests with me," Bush said. The build-up puts Bush on a collision course with the new Democratic Congress and pushes the American troop presence in Iraq towards its highest level yet. It also runs counter to widespread anti-war passions among Americans and the advice of some top generals. In addition to extra U.S. forces, the plan envisions Iraq's committing 10,000 to 12,000 more troops to secure Baghdad's neighbourhoods.

509270

POOL

Washington DC - 10 Jan 2007

SOUNDBITE: (English) George W. Bush, US President:

"The situation in Iraq is unacceptable to the American people, and it is unacceptable to me. Our troops in Iraq have fought bravely. They have done everything we have asked them to do."

SOUNDBITE: (English) George W. Bush, US President:

"...our commanders say the Iraqis will need our help. So America will change our strategy to help the Iraqis carry out their campaign to put down sectarian violence and bring security to the people of Baghdad. This will require increasing American force levels. So I have committed more than 20,000 additional American troops to Iraq."

10:00:54

In January two of Saddam Hussein's co-defendants, the half-brother of Saddam Hussein, former intelligence chief Barzan Ibrahim and Awad Hamed al-Bandar, the former chief justice of the Revolutionary Court, were executed. Both were previously convicted and sentenced to hang on November 5th 2006 but the verdict was upheld by the appellate court on December 26th. The two men were sentenced to death alongside Saddam Hussein for the killing of 148 Sunni Muslims from the town of Dujail after a failed 1982 assassination attempt against Saddam in the northern city.

Barzan Ibrahim, one of three half-brothers of Saddam Hussein, was formerly head of the Iraqi secret service, the Mukhabarat, and was also Iraq's former representative to the United Nations until 1998. Awad Hamed al-Bandar presided over the Revolutionary Court's death sentencing after the attempt on Saddam's life in Dujail.

508468

AP/POOL

Baghdad - FILE

FILE: Baghdad, Iraq - 2006

1. Wide of defendants in dock

2. Close up of Barzan Ibrahim, Saddam's half brother and former chief of intelligence, rising to his feet

3. Awad Hamed al-Bandar, former head of Iraq's Revolutionary Court

4. Wide shot of defendants in the dock

10:01:15

In February a suicide truck bomber obliterated a Baghdad market in a mainly Shiite area, killing at least 132 people in the deadliest single suicide bomb strike in the capital since the US invasion in 2003. Suspicion fell on Sunni insurgents.

An explosive laden truck carrying a ton (0.9 metric tons) of ammunition hidden beneath cooking oil, canned food and bags of flour, levelled about 30 shops and 40 houses, witnesses said. The blast shaved the walls off nearby buildings, sending bricks, desks and other debris spilling onto Kifah Street, where the Sadriyah market was located. As people gathered around the scene of the blast, police fired into the air to disperse crowds fearing further attacks. The Health Ministry said more than 300 people were injured in the explosion that sent a column of smoke into the sky on the east bank of the Tigris River.

511800

AP TELEVISION

Baghdad - 4 Feb 2007

al-Sadriyah Neighbourhood

1. Various of bomb site, people gathered among rubble and wreckage

10:01:37

message traffic and provides counter-terrorism intelligence services for the American government. Al-Furqan is the media production house of the Islamic State of Iraq, an umbrella organisation for Sunni insurgency groups in Iraq including al-Qaeda.

Graphics overlaid onto the video footage claimed the attack took place in Iraq's Anbar province. No other details were provided.

The video depicted a man crawling under a stationary US armoured vehicle twice, each time to allegedly place explosives under the vehicle. At one point, graphics overlaid on to the video claim to indicate, with a red circle, US soldiers nearby completely unaware of the man's presence as he crawls away. Shortly afterwards the explosives are detonated destroying the vehicle.

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IntelCenter

Unknown Location, Unknown Date

++AP TELEVISION HAS NO WAY OF INDEPENDENTLY VERIFYING THE CONTENT, LOCATION OR DATE OF THIS AUDIO AND VIDEO++

++THIS VIDEO WAS MADE AVAILABLE TO AP TELEVISION BY INTELCENTER, A FIRM BASED IN ALEXANDRIA, IN THE US STATE OF VIRGINIA, THAT PROVIDES COUNTER-TERRORISM INTELLIGENCE SERVICES TO THE US GOVERNMENT

++PERMISSION IS GRANTED FOR USE IN PRINT, BROADCAST AND INTERNET MEDIA AS LONG AS THE INTELCENTER BUG REMAINS UNOBSCURED AND THE VIDEO IS CREDITED TO INTELCENTER ++

++AUDIO AS INCOMING++

++AUDIO INCLUDES SONGS AND ALSO SPEAKERS NOT RELATED TO THE VIDEO++

1. Man picks up more explosives and crawls back under tank - zoom out to wide shot - red circle graphic overlaid on to video claims to indicate nearby US soldiers - zoom in as man crawls away from vehicle.

2. Wide of vehicle explosion ++first seconds replayed three times++

10:02:01

In March Iraq's Sunni Vice-president Tariq al-Hashimi visited victims of a chlorine gas bomb attack at a military hospital inside Baghdad's Green Zone. Al-Hashimi spent a few minutes at the bedsides of several of the patients, many of them children. Some of the patients were on respirators.

In the attack, three suicide bombers drove trucks rigged with tanks of toxic chlorine gas and struck targets in heavily Sunni Anbar province, killing at least two people and sickening 350 Iraqi civilians and six US troops, the US military said. Seven children were among those affected in the attacks.

Chlorine, which irritates the respiratory system, eyes and skin at low exposure and can cause death in heavier concentrations, is easily accessible. It is used for water purification plants, bleaches and disinfectants. The primary effect of the chlorine attacks has been to spread panic. Although chlorine gas can be fatal, the heat from the explosions can render the gas non-toxic. Victims in the recent chlorine blasts died from the explosions, and not the effects of the gas.

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POOL

Baghdad, 19 March 2007

1. Iraqi Vice President Tariq al-Hashimi visiting hospital, talking to a patient on a respirator

2. Mid of patient

3. Al-Hashimi at the bedside of a sick child

4. Close-up of child showing a swollen eye, various tubes attached to face

5. Al-Hashimi standing to next to another ill child lying on stomach in hospital bed

10:02:22

On February 12th Saddam Hussein's former deputy was hanged for the killing of 148 Shiites, an official with the prime minister's office said. Taha Yassin Ramadan, who was Saddam's vice president when the regime was ousted four years ago, was the fourth man executed in the killings of 148 Shiites following a 1982 assassination attempt against the former leader in the city of Dujail.

Ramadan was convicted in November 2006 of murder, forced deportation and torture and sentenced to life in prison. A month later, the appeals court said the sentence was too lenient, and returned his case to the High Tribunal, demanding he be sentenced to death. The court agreed to turn it to a death sentence and an appeals court upheld the death sentence in February

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AP TELEVISION

Baghdad - February 12, 2007

1. Various of former Iraqi Vice President Taha Yassin Ramadan in court as judge passes death sentence

10:02:39

A suspected suicide bomber blew himself up in the Iraqi parliament cafeteria on Thursday 12th April, killing at least eight people and wounding dozens in a stunning assault in the heart of the heavily fortified, US-protected Green Zone. The security breach occurred in the third month of a US-Iraqi crackdown on violence in the capital.

State television said at least 30 people were wounded in the attack. The parliament bomber struck the cafeteria while several lawmakers were eating lunch, officials said. After the blast, security guards sealed the building and no one - including lawmakers - was allowed to enter or leave.

No-one claimed responsibility for the attack.

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POOL

Baghdad - 12 April 2007

1. Mid shot of parliament in session with members voting

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Agency Pool

Baghdad - 12 April 2007

2. Zoom in and out of smoky hallway, men running past UPSOUND: shouting

3. Tracking shot of smoke filled room, men dragging out man on chair

10:03:00

Four large bombs exploded in mostly Shiite areas across Baghdad on Wednesday 18th April, killing at least 183

people and wounding scores as unrelenting violence severely undermined a two-month old US-Iraqi crackdown to secure the capital.

It was the worst single day of violence since the US-led security clampdown in capital began in February.

In the bloodiest of the attacks, a parked car bomb detonated in a crowd of workers at the Sadriyah market in central Baghdad, killing at least 112 people and wounding 115, according to a hospital official. A police official confirmed the toll, speaking on condition of anonymity because he was not authorised to release the information.

Among the dead were several construction workers, who had been rebuilding the mostly Shiite marketplace after a bomb destroyed many shops and killed 137 people there in February, the police official said.

The market is situated on a side street lined with shops and vendors selling produce, meat and other staples.

About an hour earlier, a suicide car bomber crashed into an Iraqi police checkpoint at an entrance to Sadr City, the capital's biggest Shiite Muslim neighbourhood and a stronghold for the militia led by radical anti-US cleric Muqtada al-Sadr.

The explosion killed at least 30 people, including five Iraqi security officers, and wounded 45, police said.

Earlier, a parked car exploded near a private hospital in the central neighbourhood of Karradah, killing 11 people and wounding 13, police said.

The blast damaged the Abdul-Majid hospital and other nearby buildings.

The fourth explosion was from a bomb left on a minibus in the north-western Risafi area, killing four people and wounding six others, police said.

519721

AP TELEVISION

Baghdad - 18 April 2007

SADRIYAH - AT LEAST 112 KILLED

1. Thick plumes of smoke rising from scene of blast

2. Various of people gathered around looking at wreckage from bombings, women grieving on balcony

SADR CITY - AT LEAST 30 KILLED

4. Wide of blast scene with ambulances and smoke rising UPSOUND: siren

5. Crowd attempting to move wrecked car

6. Fire-fighters alongside cars, spraying water

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AP TELEVISION

Baghdad - 19 April 2007

Sadriyah - Baghdad

7. Wide pan of burnt out minibuses

10:03:44

It was reported on Tuesday 1st May that the leader of al-Qaeda in Iraq Abu Ayyub al-Masri had reportedly been killed on Monday 20th April in an area north of the capital Baghdad. But Iraqi Deputy Prime Minister, Barham Saleh emphasised the fact that these reports had yet to be been confirmed.

"I insert the word, it is 'preliminary' reports that he was killed probably yesterday in Taji area in a battle involving a couple of insurgents groups, and possibly some tribal people who have been having problems with al-Qaeda,'' he said.

Tribesmen in the western Anbar province have been fighting al-Qaeda for weeks and claim to have killed dozens of them.

However The Islamic State of Iraq - an Iraqi insurgent umbrella group - published a statement on the internet denying that al-Masri had been killed.

The statement, on a website commonly used by insurgents, said al-Masri was alive and "still fighting the enemy of God".

Al-Masri, an Egyptian militant also known as Abu Hamza al-Muhajer, took over leadership of the group and was endorsed by Osama bin Laden after Abu Musab al-Zarqawi was killed last June in a US air-strike in Diyala province.

521128

AP PHOTO/AP TELEVISION

Baghdad - 1 May 2007/File

AP PHOTO: (made available by US military)

1. STILL of Abu Ayyub al-Masri who is purportedly the man claiming to be leader of al-Qaeda in Iraq and is apparently the same person as a man identified by the nom de guerre, Abu Hamza al-Muhajer

++AP TELEVISION HAS NO MEANS OF INDEPENDENTLY VERIFYING THE CONTENT OF THE VIDEO BEING PLAYED TO REPORTERS AT THE NEWS CONFERENCE++

AP Television

FILE: Baghdad - 1 October 2006

2. Zoom in to screen showing a video, purportedly of Abu Ayyub al-Masri, leader of al-Qaeda in Iraq, being shown on screen to reporters when there were reports claiming he had been killed

10:03:54

US-led forces in Iraq conducting a crackdown on al-Qaeda killed a senior member of the insurgent group who was responsible for the high-profile kidnappings of several Westerners, a US military spokesman told journalists on Thursday 3rd May whilst the Iraqi Interior ministry further clouded days of confusion by stating that two different operatives, one of whom the US said it had killed, were in fact the same man.

US Major General William Caldwell said the killing of Muharib Abdul-Latif al-Jubouri, described as al-Qaeda's information minister, had apparently led to confused reports that two other men had been killed - Abu Omar al-Baghdadi, the head of an umbrella group of insurgents which includes al-Qaeda, and Abu Ayyub al-Masri, the head of al-Qaeda in Iraq.

Al-Jubouri was killed while trying to resist detention in an operation about six kilometres (four miles) west of the Taji air base, north of Baghdad, early on Tuesday morning, he said.

Caldwell said the body was initially identified by photos, then confirmed by DNA testing on Wednesday.

Al-Jubouri was alleged to have been deeply involved in the kidnapping of American reporter Jill Carroll, who was released, and Tom Fox, one of four men from the Chicago-based peace group Christian Peacemaker Teams who was found fatally shot in Baghdad on March 10, 2006.

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POOL

Baghdad, 3 May 2007/File

1. Zoom into close up of photo of bloated dead body of man Iraqi Interior Ministry claim is Abu Omar al-Baghdadi, at Iraqi Interior Ministry news conference

2. Photo of Muharib Abdul-Latif al-Jubouri, shown at news conference

10:04:04

In June an Iraqi court sentenced Saddam Hussein's cousin, Ali Hassan al-Majid, and two other former regime officials to death by hanging for their roles in a 1980s scorched-earth campaign that led to the deaths of 180-thousand Kurds.

Al-Majid, the former head of the Baath Party's Northern Bureau Command, trembled and stood silently as the judge read the verdict. Al-Majid was better known as "Chemical Ali", a nickname he earned for his alleged use of chemical weapons

The judge, Mohammed Oreibi al-Khalifa, said al-Majid was convicted of genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes for ordering army and security services to use chemical weapons in a large-scale offensive that killed or maimed thousands.

Saddam's former defence minister and his armed forces deputy director were also sentenced to hang for their roles in the so-called "Operation Anfal" campaign.

The judge sent former minister Sultan Hashim Ahmad al-Tai to the gallows after ruling that the defendant ordered a large-scale attack against civilians and used chemical weapons and deportation against the Kurds.

The former deputy director of operations for the Iraqi Armed Forces, Hussein Rashid Mohammed, was sentenced to death after he was convicted of drawing up military plans and other allegations against the Kurds.

Two other former regime officials - Farhan Mutlaq Saleh, former head of military intelligence's eastern regional office, and former director of military intelligence under Saddam Hussein and Sabir al-Douri, were sentenced to life in prison.

The judge announced that the charges had been dropped against Taher Tawfiq al-Ani, the former governor of Mosul and head of the Northern Affairs Committee, because of insufficient evidence.

That decision had been expected as the prosecutor had requested that al-Ani be released.

Kurds welcomed the verdicts as their chance to taste vengeance, although the case did not deal with the most notorious gassing - the March 1988 attack on the northern city of Halabja that killed an estimated five thousand Kurds.

A Kurdish resident of Halabja, scene of a notorious chemical attack which claimed the lives of thousands, said he wanted al-Majid and his co-defendants to be executed in the cemetery where many of the victims are buried.

527274

AP TELEVISION/POOL

Baghdad/Halabja - 24 June 2007

1. Wide of Ali Hassan al-Majid, Hussein Rashid Mohammed, Farhan Mutlaq Saleh, Sabir al-Douri, Taher Tawfiq al-Ani and Sultan Hashim Ahmad al-Tai in dock

2. Chief Judge Mohammed Oreibi al-Khalifa

3. Ali Hassan al-Majid

4. Ali Hassan al-Majid (Chemical Ali)

Halabja north of Baghdad

5. Sign reading: ''Welcome to Halabja''

6. Gravestones and monument representing man disfigured due to chemicals

7. Man reciting verses from Holy Quran

10:04:30

Tension was high on the border between Iraq and Turkey in October. Funerals were held on Monday 8th October for 13 Turkish soldiers killed in an ambush in the south-eastern province of Sirnak. After the funeral, at a military compound in Sirnak, the bodies of the soldiers were taken to their hometowns by ambulance and helicopter. Mehmet Gungor, one of the attendees, blamed the PKK, or Kurdistan Workers' Party, for the attack.

On 8th October, the Turkey's government met to discuss what to do next after Turkish troops shelled an area near Iraq to try to stop the rebels from escaping across the border. Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan said that Turkey would take up the issue of fight against the PKK.

Turkey has been pressing Iraq and the United States to hit PKK bases in northern Iraq, and has considered a unilateral military operation across the border to root out the rebels.

539166

AP TELEVISION

Sirnak - 8 Oct 2007

1. Wide of military at gate to Sirnak Military Compound

2. Close-up of photos of the 13 killed soldiers

3. Wide of helicopters taking bodies of soldiers back to their hometowns, zoom-in to one of helicopters, zoom-out to helicopters flying away

10:04:42

Residents of a Kurdish village near the Iraqi-Turkish border said their village and surrounding area was "bombarded by Turkish army artillery" late on the evening of Monday 8th October.

On Tuesday 9th October, a villager from Dera Loc - near the Ibrahim al-Khalil border crossing between Kurdistan and Turkey - pointed out the village which he says "was bombarded by Turkish army artillery.''

Villagers in Dera Loc pointed out craters in the ground which they said were a result of the alleged bombardment.

Turkish officials did confirm that troops had shelled an area, in Turkey, near the Iraqi border to try to stop rebels from escaping across the border following the rebel attack.

539275

AP TELEVISION

Dera loc, Iraq - 9/8 Oct 2007

Dera Loc, Iraq - 9 October 2007

1. Smoke rising from mountains around Dera Loc village

2. Wide of village

3. Various of craters in ground

4. Wide of smoke rising over mountains surrounding village ++MUTE++

5. Wide village ++MUTE++

10:04:56

Turkish soldiers continued patrolling the Iraq border on Friday 12th October, as Turkish prime minister said his country would be ready to pay the price of an Iraq campaign, if it decided to go ahead with a cross-border offensive against Kurdish rebels in northern Iraq.

Turkey accuses Kurdish rebels of crossing back and forth from bases in Iraq, using remote, mountain passes that are difficult to monitor.

In recent months, Turkey has increasingly criticised both the US and Iraq for failing to eliminate the Kurdish rebel bases, and most parties in the 550-seat Turkish assembly were expected to support the motion for an incursion.

Rebels of the Kurdistan Workers Party, or PKK, have been fighting for autonomy in southeast Turkey since 1984 in a conflict that has claimed tens of thousands of lives.

Turkey conducted two dozen large-scale incursions into Iraq between the late 1980s and 1997.

The last such operation, in 1997, involved tens of thousands of troops and government-paid village guards.

539652

AP TELEVISION

Sirnak - 12 Oct 2007

1. Patrol platoon with armoured vehicle and signal jammer truck to avoid remote controlled mine explosions

2. Soldiers searching for mines

3. Close of soldier using binoculars to check mountains for extremists

4. Armoured vehicle driving over camera on road

ISRAEL / PALESTINE

10:05:27

A senior Palestinian security officer allied with Fatah was killed when Hamas militants laid siege to his house in the northern Gaza Strip, Palestinian officials and witnesses said. The officer, Colonel Mohammed Ghayeb, was the chief of the Preventive Security Service in northern Gaza. His killing was expected to trigger revenge attacks by the men under his command. Ghayeb was on the phone to Palestine TV just moments before his death and appealed for help as his house in Beit Lahiya came under attack. The battle outside the house raged for much of the day and killed four of Ghayeb's guards and a Hamas gunman. About three dozen people, including eight children, were also wounded.

508650

AP TELEVISION

Jebaliya, 4 Jan 2007

++NIGHT SHOTS++

1. Ambulance arriving with body of Colonel Mohammed Ghayeb

2. Close up of Ghayeb's face

10:05:36

Palestinian militants allied to President Mahmoud Abbas marched into a Nablus bank on January 28th and snatched a local Hamas leader in front of news crews and startled tellers, as violent confrontation between Abbas' Fatah movement and the radical Islamic Hamas spilled over from the Gaza Strip into the West Bank. A group of about 15 Al-Aqsa gunmen had been roaming the streets of Nablus looking for known Hamas members, and attracting a tail of newsmen as they went, when they stormed into the city's Arab Islamic Bank and spotted Fayyad Al-Arba. Without bothering to mask their faces or stop news cameras recording the scene they hustled the protesting Hamas man out of the building and into a car, which sped away. Abu Jabal, head of Al-Aqsa Brigades in Nablus, said his men had abducted between ten and fifteen people. "Our demand is the resignation of the interior minister (Said Siyam) and the suppression of the executive force in Gaza," he said.

511101

AP TELEVISION

Nablus - 28 Jan 2007

1. Various of Abu Jabal, head of Al-Aqsa Brigades in Nablus in street

2. Gunmen taking Hamas official out of the building plus shots fired

3. Gunmen putting Hamas official in vehicle outside

10:05:56

Palestinian Prime Minister Ismail Haniyeh of Hamas urged gunmen to withdraw from Gaza City's streets in February, after both Hamas and the rival Fatah movement violated a ceasefire deal. Fatah spokesman Abdel Hakim Awad said both sides involved in the factional clashes affecting Gaza were in constant contact to end the violence and preserve an agreed truce. Hamas and Fatah gunmen have clashed at Cabinet ministries, universities and security headquarters in defiance of the truce that it was hoped would calm the seething Gaza Strip. Gunmen set up roadblocks at various points in the city, stopping cars and searching them for rivals.

More than 100 Palestinians have been killed in internal violence since Hamas, which rejects Israel's right to exist, won parliamentary elections a year ago and wrested power from Fatah, which advocates peacemaking with the Jewish state.

511760

AP TELEVISION/ AGENCY COMMON

Gaza City - 3 Feb 2007

1. Armed masked gunmen walking in street, AUDIO: Gunshot

2. Medium shot of Shefa hospital entrance with people sheltering from gunfire

10:06:10

In February Israeli workers began a dig at a centuries-old walkway that leads to a holy site disputed by Muslims and Jews. Palestinians have warned the work just outside the site, known to Muslims as the Noble Sanctuary and to Jews as the Temple Mount, would inflame already high tensions and officials suggested Israel is planning to damage the compound, Islam's third-holiest site.

Palestinians demonstrated outside the Holy Land's most contentious religious site throughout February, protesting against construction work being carried out by Israel on a new ramp up to the hilltop compound. Israeli police stormed the shrine after noon prayers on February 9th, firing stun grenades and tear gas to disperse hundreds of Muslim worshippers who threw stones, bottles and refuse in an eruption of outrage over contentious Israeli renovation work. The clash came after days of mounting tensions over the work and raised concern that protests could spread to the West Bank and Gaza, as they did at the start of the second Palestinian uprising in 2000. About 200 police streamed on to the hilltop compound known to Muslims as the Noble Sanctuary and to Jews as the Temple Mount, to try to quell the violence, police spokesman Micky Rosenfeld said. As many as 300 protesters barricaded themselves inside the Al-Aqsa mosque at the compound. Seventeen protesters and 15 police officers were slightly injured, police said.

511973

Israel - Israel begins contentious renovation near disputed holy site

AP TELEVISION

Jerusalem - 6 Feb 2007

1. Wide of Old City and Al-Aqsa mosque

512246

Israel - Protests continue against Israeli construction at Muslim holy site

AP TELEVISION

Jerusalem, 8 Feb 2007

2. Bulldozer working near site

512371

Israel - Violence at disputed Jerusalem holy site

AP TELEVISION

Jerusalem - 9 Feb 2007

3. Protester being arrested by police

4. Soldiers in positions on wall of Old City AUDIO: gunfire and sirens

512395

Israel - Police, Muslim worshippers clash at disputed Jerusalem holy site

AP TELEVISION

Jerusalem - 9 Feb 2007

5. Muslim worshippers throwing stones inside mosque compound, tear gas being fired

6. Man praying in midst of clashes

7. Policemen firing tear gas at protesters, storming mosque

8. Various of clashes

10:07:19

The new Hamas-Fatah coalition won overwhelming parliament approval on March 17th, clearing a final formal hurdle before taking on the challenge of persuading a sceptical world to end a crippling year-long boycott of the Palestinian government. Speaking after the vote, Palestinian chief negotiator Saeb Erekat, a close ally of President Mahmoud Abbas, said he hoped "everyone in this government, including the Prime Minister will act as the prime minister, minister of all the Palestinians, and not just to serve their interests." After the 83-3 vote was announced, lawmakers jumped up from their seats and clapped. In all, parliament has 132 members, but 41 of them are in Israeli detention.

516315

AP TELEVISION

Gaza City - 17 March 2007

Gaza city, Gaza strip

1. Parliament speaker Ahmad Bahar, Palestinian Prime Minister Ismail Haniyeh and Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas hold hands and wave

2. Various of Parliament members raising hands in favour of government

3. Bahar talks and then hugs and kisses Haniyeh, the two shake hands

10:07:35

Kidnappers freed a Peruvian news photographer held since January 1st, according to officials from the Palestinian Fatah movement. The photographer, Jaime Razuri, worked for the French news agency AFP. The 50-year-old was abducted at gunpoint from a part of central Gaza City where many foreign journalists have offices. There was no immediate word on who the kidnappers were.

508908

AP TELEVISION

Gaza City, 7 Jan 2007

1. Mid of Peruvian photographer Jaime Razuri with Tayeb Abdel Rahim, Abbas aide

2. Close-up of Razuri

10:07:44

In March masked Palestinians kidnapped a BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) reporter at gunpoint from his car in Gaza City, Palestinian security officials said. As he was being taken, the journalist threw a business card on the street that identified him as Alan Johnston of the BBC, the officials said. Four gunmen carried out the kidnapping, and Johnston's car was found abandoned near his Gaza City apartment, security officials said, who asked that their names not be used as they were not authorised to speak to the media. Police found the lease of the rental car, which stated the vehicle was rented to the BBC.

Palestinian journalists later held a sit-in, to call for the release of Johnston.

515774

Gaza - BBC TV reporter kidnapped in Gaza

AP TELEVISION

Gaza city - 12 March 2007

1. Alan Johnston's BBC car in Gaza police station

516305

Gaza - Protesters ask for the release of kidnapped BBC journalist

AP TELEVISION

Gaza City, 17 March 2007

++PLEASE NOTE: VIDEO QUALITY AS INCOMING++

2. Medium of demo outside Shawa building

3. Close up of sign with Alan Johnston's picture on it

10:07:59

In March three masked Palestinian gunmen fired on a vehicle carrying the chief of the U.N. refugee mission in Gaza and tried to kidnap him. The target of the attempt was John Ging, head of the U.N. Relief and Works Agency (UNWRA) in Gaza. He said no one was hurt in the kidnap attempt, in northern Gaza. Ging said he, a driver and a security official were travelling in an armoured vehicle when the gunmen jumped out of a white Subaru and opened fire. He said the men had tried to force the car door open, but the driver managed to speed away, under continued gunfire. The vehicle was clearly marked with the U.N. insignia and a U.N. flag, he said. Eleven bullets pierced the car, Ging added. The incident took place about half a mile (one kilometre) from the Erez passenger crossing into Israel, he said.

No one claimed responsibility

516226

AP TELEVISION

Gaza City - File

FILE: Gaza City - 3 November 2006

1. John Ging, head of the U.N. Relief and Works Agency in Gaza walking into room

10:08:06

Hamas reluctantly brought Fatah into the coalition in March 2007 to quell an earlier round of violence, but the uneasy partnership began crumbling in May over control of the powerful security forces.

The two factions have warred sporadically since Hamas took power from Fatah last year, but never with such intensity.

A militant commander affiliated with Palestinian president Mahmoud Abbas' Fatah movement was shot dead in May, in the most serious attack since Abbas launched a new effort to calm a wave of violence in the Gaza Strip earlier in the month.

Fatah quickly blamed the rival Hamas group, with which it shares power in the Palestinian government, and the dead man's comrades vowed revenge.

.

Hamas fighters launched a fierce offensive on Gaza City in June, attacking the main security bases and the president's compound with mortars and rockets and sending some of the rival Fatah forces fleeing in disarray as the Islamic group appeared close to taking over the entire Gaza Strip. At least 60 died in the June campaign

Khan Younis fell to Hamas when militants detonated a one-ton bomb underneath a security headquarters there, demolishing the building and killing at least one person, Palestinian security and medical officials said.

Security forces later said they lost control of the town.

The building was destroyed by a bomb planted in a tunnel underneath it, said Ali Qaisi, a presidential guard spokesman.

At least one person was killed and eight others were injured, medics said.

A group of boys ran to the local mosque to seek shelter from the crossfire of a fierce gunfire they found themselves caught in. They were trapped inside the mosque for almost an hour.

Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas moved quickly to cement his rule in the West Bank on the 15th of June, as major political fallout from Hamas' military rout of Fatah in Gaza continued.

He replaced the Hamas Prime Minister, Ismail Haniyeh, with Finance Minister Salam Fayyad, an internationally respected economist, and a new moderate government was to be formed later in the day.

A Hamas military victory in Gaza would split Palestinian territory into two, with the Islamic militants controlling the coastal strip and Western-backed Fatah ruling the West Bank, pushing hopes for statehood even further away. Hamas fighters who wrested control of most of the Gaza Strip focused their firepower on 14th June on the battle's top prizes - Fatah's security and political command centres in Gaza City.

526281

AP TELEVISION

Gaza - 14 June 2007

1. Wide of Gaza City skyline at dawn/UPSOUND: gunfire

2. Wide of skyline/ UPSOUND: Gunfire

522497

AP TELEVISION

Gaza City - 13 May 2007

3. Two women crying

4. Male relatives kissing face of militant commander Baha Abu Jarad, of the Al Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades

5. People grieving around body

526224

AP TELEVISION

Khan Younis, southern Gaza Strip, Gaza City's Shojaiyeh District, Gaza Strip, and Gaza City, near the Egyptian Representation Office, Gaza Strip - 13 June 2007

Khan Younis, southern Gaza Strip

6. Walking shot of people in the street running to hide from gunfire, UPSOUND: gunfire

7. Boys hiding at local mosque, pan right to people hiding from gunfire underneath tin roof, UPSOUND: gunfire

8. Various of boys taking refuge inside mosque, UPSOUND: gunfire

Gaza City's Shojaiyeh District, Gaza Strip

9. UPSOUND: gunfire, people scatter

Gaza City, near the Egyptian Representation Office, Gaza Strip

10. Man in traditional dress with flags of all Palestinian factions tied together, waving at gunmen on street corner, UPSOUND: gunfire

11. Gunman firing, man stopping him, pushing him back, UPSOUND: gunfire

526448

AP TELEVISION

Ramallah, West Bank and Gaza City, Gaza Strip - 15 June 2007/File

Gaza City, Gaza Strip - 15 June 2007

12. Various of Palestinian Prime Minister Ismail Haniyeh arriving at demonstration and waving to crowd UPSOUND: cheering and gunfire

Ramallah, West Bank - 15 June 2007

13. Close-up on Palestinian flag

14. Mid of Abbas at Friday Prayers

526224

AP TELEVISION

Nablus, West Bank - 13 June 2007

15. Gunfire exchanged with Al Aqsa Brigades gunmen

16. Mid of gunmen

526232

AP TELEVISION

Khan Younis - 13 June 2007

17. Back shot of militant holding rifle, UPSOUND: gunfire

526327

AP TELEVISION

Rafah, Gaza Strip -14 June 2007

18. Wide of the explosion of a Fatah-allied security building, (also called Preventive Security building) pull out to show crowd cheering and clapping and running towards the scene: UPSOUND: gunfire

19. Masked Hamas fighters rising up from their kneeling position on the road, after prayers, other gunmen firing into the air

20. Masked Hamas gunmen carrying away computers from scene

526447

AP TELEVISION

Gaza city, Gaza Strip - 15 June 2007

21. Wide of jeep carrying masked Hamas military wing spokesman Abu Obeideh with other fighters

22. Close-up of masked fighter

10:10:15

Palestinian security forces allied with Fatah arrested three dozen Hamas members in the West Bank on 14th June.

The move came as Hamas were close to a military takeover of the Gaza Strip.

Fatah leaders said a decision was made by security commanders to crack down on Hamas in the West Bank, to prevent it from taking any positions in that territory, a Fatah stronghold.

Arrests of Hamas activists were reported in the West Bank towns of Jenin, Nablus, Jericho, Ramallah and Bethlehem.

In Nablus, masked security agents and Fatah gunmen rode together in cars, searching for Hamas members, and broke into several homes of Hamas activists.

In one area, a brief firefight erupted, with Fatah and Hamas gunmen exchanging fire in the centre of the West Bank city.

On Saturday16th June Fatah gunmen took over the Hamas-controlled city council in Nablus and other Hamas-run institutions in the West Bank.

Gunmen arrived at the council building shooting in the air, walked in and then climbed to the roof where they hung flags of Al Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades, the military wing of Fatah, from the roof.

In Ramallah, at the parliament building, Fatah supporters chanted, "Hamas Out," climbed on the roof of the building and fired in the air.

They placed Fatah and Palestinian flags on the building.

Gunmen entered the office of Deputy Speaker Hassan Kreisheh and tried to seize him, but Fatah employees stopped them.

526309

AP TELEVISION

Nablus, West Bank - 14 June 2007

1. Fatah gunman gathering in city centre

2. Mid of gunman aiming weapon

3. Gunfire erupting, people running to take cover, gunmen aiming weapons, UPSOUND: gunfire

4. Various of office supply and furniture thrown from offices of Palestinian Legislative Council

526497

AP TELEVISION

Nablus - 16 June 2007

5. Fatah gunmen approaching building while shooting in the air, pan to gunmen gathered outside building entrance

6. Pan from mid of masked gunmen to fighters at entrance

7. Tilt up from gunmen in street to rooftop with two flags, pan back to gunmen shooting into the air

8. Zoom in to more gunmen on rooftop

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AP TELEVISION

Ramallah, West Bank - 16 June 2007

9. Top shot Fatah gunmen coming out of building pulling Deputy Speaker Hassan Kreisheh, out of the building, Kreisheh stumbling in the scrum

10. Various of Fatah gunmen approaching another building

11. Exterior of the Council of Ministers building, gunmen entering

10:11:22

Deposed Palestinian Prime Minister Ismail Haniyeh of Hamas on Sunday 24th June called for the kidnapping of British journalist Alan Johnston to end, as a new video recording was seen, which shows Johnston wearing what appears to be an explosives belt.

In the video, Johnston warns the belt, which is of the type suicide bombers use, will be detonated if an attempt is made to free him by force.

The one-minute-42-second tape, called "Alan's Appeal," was posted on a Web site used by militant groups to post their messages.

The video was made by the Army of Islam, a shadowy group with apparent al-Qaeda links that claimed responsibility for snatching Johnston, a correspondent with the British Broadcasting Corporation, from a Gaza City street on 12th of March.

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INTELCENTER

Video date and Location Unknown

++AP TELEVISION HAS NO WAY OF INDEPENDENTLY VERIFYING THE CONTENT, LOCATION OR DATE OF THIS AUDIO AND VIDEO.++

++THIS VIDEO WAS MADE AVAILABLE TO AP TELEVISION BY INTELCENTER, A FIRM BASED IN ALEXANDRIA, IN THE US STATE OF VIRGINIA, THAT PROVIDES COUNTER-TERRORISM INTELLIGENCE SERVICES TO THE US GOVERNMENT.++

++PERMISSION IS GRANTED FOR USE IN PRINT, BROADCAST AND INTERNET MEDIA AS LONG AS THE INTELCENTER BUG REMAINS UNOBSCURED AND THE VIDEO IS CREDITED TO INTELCENTER. ++

++AP TELEVISION HAS NOT EDITED THE MILITANT VIDEO.++

1. SOUNDBITE: (English) Alan Johnston, Kidnapped BBC Journalist: (Includes on-screen graphics)

"Captors tell me that very promising negotiations were ruined when the Hamas movement and the British government decided to press for a military solution to this kidnapping and the situation is now very serious. As you can see I've been dressed in what is an explosive belt, which the kidnappers say will be detonated if there's any attempt to storm this area. They say they are ready to turn the hideout into what they describe as a death zone if there's an attempt to free me by force."

10:12:03

An Israeli aircraft attacked a car in the northern Gaza Strip on Monday 7th May, saying the vehicle was carrying militants preparing to fire rockets into Israel.

The air strike occurred shortly after Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert warned of severe consequences if recent rocket fire out of Gaza continued.

The attack occurred near Beit Hanoun, allegedly a frequent launching ground for Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel.

The Islamic Jihad, a militant group in northern Gaza, said its members were in the car on a 'holy mission.'

Israeli citizens in Sderot ran to shelters in panic on Wednesday 16th May as Hamas militants fired eight rockets into Israel, following a barrage of around 20 rockets that seriously wounded an Israeli woman on Tuesday.

Wednesday's rocket salvo at the southern Israeli town of Sderot, just outside Gaza, continued a barrage that began in earnest on Tuesday 15th and wounded 21 Israelis, one seriously, a woman whose house took a direct hit.

There were no casualties on Wednesday morning, but school was cancelled in Sderot and residents huddled in bomb shelters.

Hamas said its rockets were retaliation for Israeli violence.

A Hamas compound in central Gaza City was one of three targets hit by Israeli air strikes on Thursday 17th May, adding a new layer of violence to internecine Palestinian fighting that has paralysed the Gaza Strip.

One person was killed at least 45 people were wounded at the compound, Palestinian witnesses and medical officials said.

Two other people were killed and scores injured in later air strikes in Gaza City.

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AP TELEVISION

Gaza City - 20 June 2007

Jebaliyah refugee camp

1. Hamas supporters burning Israeli flags

Gaza City

2. Masked Palestinian boy marching with Hamas ribbon round his head

521817

Islamic Jihad Video

Purportedly Gaza - 7 May 2007

++AP TELEVISION NEWS HAS NO WAY OF INDEPENDENTLY VERIFYING THE AUTHENTICITY, DATE AND LOCATION OF THE VIDEO HANDOUT++

3. Rocket being launched

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AP TELEVISION

Sderot, Israel - 15/16 May 2007

4. Children running towards shelter shouting, UPSOUND: rocket exploding

5. People walking away from house, camera tracks to window and films smoky interior

6. Various of damaged house

7. Various of damaged furniture and household items

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AP TELEVISION

Gaza City - 17 May 2007

8. Wide of smoke rising over Gaza skyline

9. Man gesturing to people inside the bombed out building, UPSOUND: Gunfire/Sirens

10. Top shot of rubble and rescuers

11. Body being carried out on stretcher

10:13:14

Kidnapped by Palestinian gunmen in Gaza for in March, British journalist Alan Johnston had only one link to the world, a radio that picked up British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) programmes reporting frantic efforts to free him. Confined to a dark room by his captors, Johnston told the BBC after his release on July 4th that he was often unsure if he was going to live or die.

He thanked his colleagues for standing by him; "I'm so immensely grateful for that, and I will be all my life," Johnston said in Jerusalem, addressing a BBC rally in London celebrating his release.

Johnston, a native of Scotland who reported from Gaza for the BBC for three years, was snatched from a Gaza City street by masked gunmen on March 12, shoved into a car and spirited away. Johnston was one of in a string of foreigners kidnapped in Gaza, though his time in captivity was by far the longest.

He was released before dawn on July 4th in a deal between Gaza's Hamas rulers and his kidnappers from the Army of Islam, a group run by one of Gaza's most notorious and heavily armed crime families, the Doghmush clan.

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AP Television

Gaza City - 4 July 2007

1. Deposed Palestinian Prime Minister, Ismail Haniyeh, putting Palestinian sash around freed BBC journalist Alan Johnston's neck

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AP TELEVISION

Gaza City - 4 July 2007

2. Various of BBC Journalist Alan Johnston being escorted by Hamas security after being released from deposed Palestinian Prime Minister Ismail Haniyeh's office

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POOL

Jerusalem - 4 July 2007

3. Johnston waving to crowds and shaking hands with British Consul-General in Jerusalem, Richard Makepeace

10:13:40

In September Police claimed to have cracked a cell of young Israeli neo-Nazis suspected in at least 15 attacks on foreign workers, drug addicts, homosexuals and observant Jews. Eight gang members have been arrested, and a ninth fled the country, police spokesman Micky Rosenfeld said.

"This was a cell, an active neo-Nazi group that in fact began here in Israel carrying out attacks and sabotage as well as different attacks on individuals. Unfortunately a number of individuals were injured," police spokesman Micky Rosenfeld said.

All are in their late teens or early 20s, immigrated from the former Soviet Union and have Israeli citizenship, Rosenfeld also said.

The gang documented its activities on film and in photographs, and Israeli TV stations showed grainy footage of people lying helpless on floors while several people kicked them.

535848

AP TELEVISION/POLICE HANDOUT

Various - 9 Sept 2007

Ramleh, near Tel Aviv - 9 September 2007

AP Television news

1. Members of Neo Nazi suspects getting out of car

2. Members of cell walking in court room

3. Courtroom symbol on wall

4. Mid of Neo Nazi suspects

Tel Aviv - Recent

Police Handout

6. Various of Neo Nazi cell members beating by-passers at central bus station in Tel Aviv

7. STILL of drawing of man holding Neo- Nazi flag

8. Cell members beating man

9. STILL of man giving Nazi salute

10. Various of cell members beating up a man

10:14:08

On September 28th some 20-thousand mourners gathered in Jerusalem to accompany the body of Rabbi Avraham Shapira, an Israeli spiritual leader, to its final resting place, the Mount of Olives. Shapira, famous for urging soldiers to disobey orders to evacuate the Gaza Strip, died in Jerusalem at the age of 94. A chief rabbi in Israel for 10 years beginning in 1983, Shapira spent much of his life fighting vigorously against territorial concessions to the Palestinians - emerging as one of the Jewish state's most divisive religious figures. To his followers, however, Shapira was a sage. When he was taken to the hospital earlier in the week, thousands prayed for his well-being at Jerusalem's Western Wall, Judaism's holiest site. Because the funeral took place during the joyous, week-long Jewish festival of Sukkot, or Feast of Tabernacles, rabbis told mourners it was best to avoid crying.

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Thousands at funeral of chief rabbi who opposed land handover

AP TELEVISION

Jerusalem - 28 Sep 2007

Mount of Olives, Jerusalem

1. Wide of mourners marching during funeral procession, Dome of the Rock in background

2. Wide of mourners marching in funeral

3. Mid of people carrying body of Rabbi Avraham Shapira to burial at cemetery

4. Mid of man crying

5. Wide of mourners at funeral, Dome of the Rock in background

LEBANON

10:14:34

Opposition protesters blocked roads with car tyres around the Lebanese capital of Beirut and other regions on January 23rd to enforce a general strike aimed at toppling Prime Minister Fuad Saniora's government. Opposition activists turned out early in the morning to burn tyres on major highways north, south and east of the city as well as a ring road around downtown Beirut, sending black clouds of smoke billowing in the air, witnesses said. Army troops and fire engines moved in to remove the obstacles. The road to Beirut international airport was blocked, as were the highway linking Beirut with the mountains and the highway to Damascus, the Syrian capital, Hezbollah's television stations reported. Scores of opposition supporters took the streets and in some instances security forces stood by and watched.

510522

AP TELEVISION

Beirut - 23 Jan 2007

++PRE DAWN SHOTS++

1. Wide top shot of city skyline with plumes of smoke rising from fires

2. Wide shot of protesters and tyres on fire

3. Wide shot of military vehicles arriving at the scene

4. Strikers protesting

510536

AP TELEVISION

Beirut - 23 Jan 2007

5. Lebanese army arresting a protestor

6. Various of clashes in the street

7. Lebanese army shooting in the air

10:15:17

Hezbollah leader Sheik Hassan Nasrallah told a crowd of mourners who had gathered in southern Beirut to commemorate the festival of Ashoura, that the US president , who he referred to as the "greatest satan", wanted to punish his group because they "stood fast and were victorious" in last summer's war against Israel.

Nasrallah was responding to a statement made by US President George W Bush earlier in January in the which the president condemned a recent outburst of violence in Lebanon.

511324

AP TELEVISION

Beirut, 30 Jan 2007

1. Wide shot of building with Nasrallah speaking from balcony

2. SOUNDBITE: (Arabic) Sheik Hassan Nasrallah, Hezbollah Secretary-General:

"(US President) George Bush wants to punish you because you stood fast and were victorious."

3. Crowd of women chanting

4. SOUNDBITE: (Arabic) Sheik Hassan Nasrallah, Hezbollah Secretary-General:

"When the greatest Satan declares his enmity and his war against us, this is a great honour of which we are proud."

10:15:47

Lebanese tanks pounded shells at a militant group's headquarters in a Palestinian refugee camp next to the northern city of Tripoli on the afternoon of Sunday 20th May.

The shelling came hours after clashes that left 13 soldiers and several militants dead, along with dozens of wounded.

Security officials reported a further 19 soldiers and 14 police officers injured in the fighting, the worst violence to hit the northern city in two decades.

A spokesman for the Fatah Islam group, Abu Salim, said two militants were killed and five wounded inside the Nahr el-Bared Palestinian refugee camp.

The group is considered by some Lebanese officials to be a radical Sunni Muslim group with ties to al-Qaeda, or at least al-Qaeda style militancy and doctrine.

The fighting threatens to further destabilise a conflict-ridden Lebanon that is facing its worst political fall out between the Western-backed government and pro-Syrian opposition since the end of the 1975-90 civil war.

Initially, gunfire erupted early on the 20th after police raided a militant-occupied apartment on Mitein Street, a major thoroughfare in Tripoli, looking for suspects in a bank robbery a day earlier in Amyoun, a town southeast of Tripoli, in which gunmen made off with 125-thousand US dollars in cash.

The armed militants resisted arrest and a series of battles then ensued that spread to surrounding streets and the nearby Palestinian refugee camp.

Lebanese troops pounded a Palestinian refugee camp with artillery and tank fire for a second day on Monday 21st May, raising huge palls of smoke as they battled a militant group suspected of ties to al-Qaeda.

The fighters holed up in the camp returned fire - lending credence to reports that they are far better armed than first thought.

Artillery and machine gun fire echoed around a crowded Palestinian refugee camp for a third straight day Tuesday 22nd May, as the Lebanese government ordered the army to finish off the Fatah Islam fighters holed up inside the camp in the country's north.

Black smoke billowed from the area after artillery and machine gun exchanges at the Nahr el-Bared camp on the outskirts of the port city of Tripoli.

Hundreds of Palestinian civilians continued to stream out of the besieged Nahr el-Bared refugee camp in northern Lebanon on Wednesday 23rd after a truce in the fighting mostly held overnight.

About 15-thousand, nearly half the camp's residents, fled late at night when the lull took hold in fighting between Lebanese troops and Islamic militants who were barricaded in the crowded Nahr el-Bared refugee camp, relief officials said.

About 1-thousand fled on Wednesday morning.

The Lebanese air force on Saturday 2nd June joined tanks and artillery in pounding Islamic militant hideouts on the second day of an intensifying offensive to uproot al-Qaeda-inspired gunmen barricaded in a Palestinian refugee camp.

A French-made Gazelle helicopter fired two missiles and directed machine gun fire at suspected militant hideouts on the western edge of the Nahr

el-Bared camp near the Mediterranean coastline, in an apparent attempt to block any sea escape route.

It was the first time the army used its limited air force capability in the battle, signifying the intensity of the ground fighting.

The army has helicopters, but no fixed-wing aircraft.

There was more heavy shelling on Wednesday 13th June in the Nahr el-Bared Palestinian refugee camp in northern Lebanon, as Lebanese troops reportedly clashed with Muslim militants still holed up there.

More than 25,000 people have fled the Nahr el-Bared camp, near the northern city of Tripoli, since fighting between the Lebanese army and Fatah Islam militants began on May 20.

Dozens of people have been killed since then.

The army said that the number of troops killed since the fighting began to 61.

The fighting has also claimed the lives of at least 60 Fatah al-Islam militants and at least 20 civilians.

523344

AP TELEVISION

Tripoli - 20 May 2007

1. Tanks and soldiers in the streets of residential area

2. Soldiers firing from armoured vehicles at building occupied by militants

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AP TELEVISION

Tripoli and Nahr el-Bared Palestinian refugee camp - 20 May 2007

Tripoli

3. Lebanese army troops running across street and firing at building

4. Soldier firing at building

Nahr el-Bared Palestinian refugee camp

5. Tank firing missile on target inside refugee camp

523492

AP TELEVISION

Nr Nahr El-Bared - 21 May 2007

6. Wide of Tripoli skyline, building explodes

7. Wider shot of black smoke, AUDIO: loud explosion, pan to fresh white plume of smoke

523528

AP TELEVISION

Nahr El-Bared - 21 May 2007

8. Wide of skyline with smoke rising

523595

AP TELEVISION

Near Nahr el-Bared, Lebanon - 22 May 2007

9. Wide of explosion on top of building with black smoke billowing from building AUDIO: gunfire and shelling

523742

AP TELEVISION

Nahr el-Bared - 23 May 2007

10. Various of refugees leaving camp

11. Refugees getting out of red truck

12. Refugees in red truck

13. Various of damaged buildings inside camp

14. Pan across destroyed vehicle

524975

AP TELEVISION

Nahr el-Bared - 2 June 2007

15. Wide skyline shot of camp with explosion and smoke rising

16. Lebanese army helicopter flying over camp

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AP TELEVISION

Nahr el-Bared - 1 June 2007

17. Various of armoured cars and military vehicles on the move

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AP TELEVISION

Nahr el-Bared Palestinian refugee camp - 13 June 2007

18. Various of shelling at camp

19. Various of shelling

10:17:57

Lebanese troops on July 5th resumed pounding suspected hideouts of al-Qaeda-inspired militants entrenched in a Palestinian refugee camp in northern Lebanon. Lebanese troops, backed by artillery and tank fire, blasted suspected hideouts of Fatah Islam militants barricaded inside the Nahr el-Bared camp near Tripoli. The refugee camp and its remaining inhabitants have now endured more than forty days of gun battles between the Lebanese troops and militants.

Meanwhile Lebanese authorities and the United Nations Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA) started distributing money to the displaced from Nahr El-Bared - 1350 US dollars for each family. Some of the money was contributed by Saudi Arabia, said Richard Cook, General Manager of the UNRWA. UNRWA launched a worldwide campaign to gather money to help the displaced Palestinians and to rebuild Nahr El-Bared camp once the violence stops.

On July 12th two Lebanese soldiers were killed as the army pounded a refugee camp with artillery fire, but the military denied reports that the barrage was part of a final assault on the al-Qaeda inspired Islamic militants barricaded inside. AP Television filmed heavy shelling, which began just before dawn just hours after more than 150 civilians fled on foot from the camp and the army moved tanks and armoured vehicles up towards the camp. The army said two soldiers were killed Thursday, bringing the number of military dead to 88 since fighting began at the Nahr el-Bared camp on May 20. Earlier an armoured personnel carrier was seen ferrying at least two wounded soldiers out of the camp. From five to 10 shells were slamming into the camp every minute.

Plumes of black smoke continued to rise from tank and artillery shellfire at the beleaguered Nahr el-Bared Palestinian refugee camp in southern Lebanon on July 14th as Fatah Islam gunmen holed up there exchanged heavy fire with the encircling Lebanese army troops. The army said two soldiers died on July 13th, one from wounds he suffered in fighting on the 12th. The fatalities brought to 94 the number of soldiers killed since fighting began on May 20.

Most of Nahr el-Bared's 30,000 residents had fled since the beginning of the battles, and conditions are desperate for those still inside. The Lebanese army said that it had seized control of a number of buildings in the camp that had been used by Fatah Islam militants to attack and snipe at soldiers.

On July 14th Lebanon's rival parties met at a French chateau for rare and long-awaited talks which it is hoped will start the process of healing the rift between enemies mired in a political and sectarian crisis which is threatening to tear their country apart. But the closed-door meetings, organised by France with U.S. and Iranian approval, were not expected to end the political deadlock between the Western-backed prime minister and the Hezbollah-led opposition. The meetings at La Celle Saint Cloud, a small town west of Paris, mark the first time that the 14 parties are meeting since a national dialogue conference in November that failed to resolve the tensions.

Heavy shelling continued at a besieged Palestinian refugee camp in northern Lebanon on July 17th as army troops continued to pound damaged buildings, believed to be the remaining hideouts of al-Qaeda-inspired militants holed up inside with artillery and tank fire. Lebanese security officials said significant progress was being made by the military, and a senior official said the southern part of the Nahr el-Bared "old camp" - a reference to an area deep within the camp with narrow, winding streets where the Fatah Islam militants are believed to be holed up - would soon be entirely under the army's control. He said that militants from the Fatah Islam group were now encircled in an area thought to be no bigger than 500 square metres.

On September 2nd the last stronghold of Islamic militants holed up in a Palestinian refugee camp in northern Lebanon fell to the army, security officials said. Only occasional gunfire could be heard inside the Nahr el-Bared camp, hours after the army killed 39 militants and captured at least 20 others as they tried to break out of the camp. The officials, speaking on condition of anonymity, said the last stronghold of Fatah Islam militants fell later in the day to the army, which captured five wounded militants in their hideout. The army, which said it lost three soldiers in the gun battle, was not ready to formally declare an end to fighting in the camp, large parts of which were destroyed by army bombardments in the last three and a half months.

The gun battles that began during the dawn breakout had continued through the early afternoon, with troops chasing Fatah Islam fighters in buildings, fields and roads around the camp, in an area called Wadi El-Gamous. The clashes eventually tapered off, but the military search continued. Celebratory gunfire erupted in nearby villages as soon as news of the latest developments spread. Dozens of residents took to the streets of Mohammara, waving Lebanese flags and honking their horns as troop convoys poured into the area with soldiers flashing victory signs. Several Red Cross and military ambulances were seen racing out of the camp, reportedly carrying militant casualties and transporting them to the Government Hospital in the nearby port city of Tripoli. Army officials and senior security official told the Associated Press that they did not know whether Fatah Isl