Four Palestine Liberation Organisation terrorists surrendered to Turkish authorities after a two day siege of the Egyptian embassy in Ankara.

+++NIGHTSHOTS+++

1. ms crowd outside Egyptian embassy in Ankara

2. ms vigil overnight in sleeping bags waiting

+++DAYSHOTS+++

3. ms armoured personnel carrier entering embasssy grounds through gates

4. mc APCs inside embassy grounds

5. ms special anti-terrorist trooper crouching outside embassy wall with rifle

6. ws broken embassy windows, behind which are the Palestinians

7. ms soldiers running outside embassy

8. ms two men carrying telephone into embassy

9. ms two men carrying telephone into embassy walking slowly up embassy steps

10. ms terrorist looking through window

11. ms two diplomats hanging on window ledge in attempt to escape first jumps

12. ms second diplomat jumps

13. ms APCs approach two injured diplomats

14. ms embassy window by apc

15. ms plain clothes policeman outside embassy grounds with guns and bullet proof vests

16. ms soldier in APC pulls injured diplomat into APC

17. ws APCs around embassy

18. ms embassy staff and terrorists on balcony waving to reporters after end of two day siege

19. ms terrorists emerge from embassy with hands raised in victory salute

20. ws police and soldiers with pan to terrorist about to get in car under police arrest

21. ms police enter embassy

22. vs interior embassy chair with hats and rubbish around it and blood smeared on the wall after scenes of a siege

23. SOUNDBITE (English): vs press statement by PLO representative reporter asks would the guerrilla be tried in Turkey or will they leave Turkey for

another Arab country

24. ms terrorists sitting behind table in police custody

25. cu four terrorists behind table

26. vs arms and bullets found by police in embassy after the end of the siege

Film: Rev - Sound: Mag Trk - Colour - NYFilm: c0066093 - LN Number: LN15089 - Available in HD

Taqadum al-Khatib, an Egyptian academic in Berlin, is living in exile.

Ten years after Egypt's pro-democracy uprising, he's one of an estimated thousands who have fled abroad to escape the government of President Abdel Fattah el-Sissi that is considered by some even more oppressive than its predecessor.

He first protested, and then worked in the nascent political scene after 2011.

He was researching Egypt's former Jewish community in Germany when he learned that returning to his homeland was no longer an option.

The Egyptian cultural attaché in Berlin summoned al-Khatib for a meeting, and an official questioned him about his articles, social media posts and research.

He was asked to hand over his passport, which he refused to do, and shortly after was fired from his job at an Egyptian university.

The Egyptians who took to the streets on January 25, 2011, knew they risked arrest and worse.

But as their numbers swelled in Cairo's central Tahrir Square, they tasted success.

Police forces backed off, and within days, former President Hosni Mubarak agreed to demands to step down.

But their success did not last, with interim military rulers following Mubarak into power.

In 2012, Mohamed Morsi, a member of Egypt's most powerful Islamist group, the Muslim Brotherhood, was elected as the first civilian president in the country's history.

But his tenure proved divisive.

Amid massive protests, the military - led by then-Defence Minister el-Sissi - removed Morsi in 2013, dissolved parliament and eventually banned the Brotherhood as a "terrorist group."

A crackdown on dissent ensued, and el-Sissi won two terms in elections that human rights groups criticized as undemocratic.

No one knows exactly how many Egyptians like al-Khatib have fled political persecution.

Data from the World Bank shows an increase in emigres from Egypt since 2011.

A total of 3,444,832 left in 2017 - nearly 60,000 more than in 2013, the years for which figures are available, but it's impossible to tell economic migrants from political exiles.

Some relocated to Berlin, Paris and London, others have settled in Turkey, Qatar, Sudan and even Asian countries like Malaysia and South Korea.

Human Rights Watch estimated in 2019 that there were 60,000 political prisoners in Egypt. The Committee to Protect Journalists ranks Egypt third, behind China and Turkey, in detaining journalists.

El-Sissi maintains Egypt has no political prisoners, but the arrest of a journalist or a rights worker makes news roughly every month.

Many people have been imprisoned on terrorism charges, for breaking a ban on protests or for disseminating false news. Others remain in indefinite pretrial detentions.

El-Sissi maintains Egypt is holding back Islamic extremism so it doesn't descend into chaos like its neighbours.

"Sissi wants not only to abrogate the rights of the opposition and to prevent any critical voice from being uttered, Sissi doesn't actually believe, not only in the opposition, but he doesn't believe in politics," says Khaled Fahmy, an Egyptian professor of modern Middle Eastern History at Cambridge University.

Fahmy believes this is the worst period in Egypt's modern history for personal rights.

He's seen outspoken expatriates have their Egyptian citizenship revoked.

"It's much more serious, it's much deeper and much darker, what Sissi has in mind," he said.

Journalist Asma Khatib, 29, remembers the heady days of 2011, when young people thought they could bring change.

A reporter for a pro-Muslim Brotherhood news agency, Khatib covered Morsi's short presidency amid criticism the group was using violence against opponents and seeking to monopolize power to make Egypt an Islamic state.

After Morsi's ouster, his supporters held sit-ins for his reinstatement at a square in Cairo. A month later, the new military leaders forcibly cleared them out, and more than 600 people were killed.

Khatib documented the violence. Soon, colleagues started being arrested, and she fled Egypt - first to Malaysia, then to Indonesia and Turkey.

She was tried in absentia on espionage charges in 2015, convicted and sentenced to death.

Now, she and her husband Ahmed Saad, also a journalist, and their two children are seeking asylum in South Korea.

They expect they'll never return, but also realise they're lucky to be free.

On the day the ruling was announced, she remembers telling herself: "You don't have a country anymore."

The exiles have had ample time to think about where Egypt's uprising failed.

The broad alliance of protesters - from Islamists to secular activists - fractured without a common enemy like Mubarak, and the most extreme voices became the loudest.

The role of religion in society remained largely unanswered, and liberal secular initiatives never gained traction.

No one accounted for how many people would embrace former regime figures, especially in a crisis.

Most Egyptians abroad have not been politically active, fearing for family and friends back home.

But some have continued on the path begun on January 25, 2011.

Ahmed Saad has a theory about how many of them are now abroad - of those who protested on January 25 take those who are now inside prison. The rest, he says, are the fortunate ones who could leave.  

They are trying to cope in strange lands. Asma Khatib and her husband aren't sure what to say to their young children when they ask where they're from.

Al-Khatib, the academic, feels lucky to be able to work toward his doctorate in Germany but misses Cairo's bustle.

"I couldn't go back to my home, it's a very difficult situation and it is hard to describe it, in a way, it's very hard, actually," he says.

Berlin - 18 January 2021

1. Various of Egyptian academic Taqadum al-Khatib walking near a river in Berlin  

2. SOUNDBITE (English) Taqadum al-Khatib, Egyptian academic :

"I had a meeting with the chief of the cultural attaché in Berlin, and he bombarded me with several questions related to my work, related to my political activities."

3. Cutaway of al-Khatib's face

4. SOUNDBITE (English) Taqadum al-Khatib, Egyptian academic :

"And he wanted that I hand over my passport, and I refused to do so, and after that he submitted a security report about me to the Egyptian intelligence and after that I was fired from my job at the university in Egypt."

ARCHIVE: Cairo - 1 February, 2011

5. Various of anti-government protests in Tahrir square, demanding former President Hosni Mubarak step down

ARCHIVE: Cairo - 4 February, 2011

6. Wide of Muslim Brotherhood representative speaking to the crowd of protesters in Tahrir square

London via video link - 5 January 2021

7. SOUNDBITE (English) Khaled Fahmy, an Egyptian professor of modern Middle Eastern History at Cambridge University:

"Sissi wants not only to abrogate the rights of the opposition and to prevent any critical voice from being uttered, Sissi doesn't actually believe, not only in the opposition, but he doesn't believe in politics."

ARCHIVE: Cairo - 11 February 2011

++NIGHT SHOTS++

8. Various of protesters celebrating after former President Mubarak announced he would step down, chanting: "The people and the army are one hand."

ARCHIVE: Cairo - 28 January 2011

++NIGHT SHOTS++

9. Various of Egyptian army tanks moving into Cairo, being welcomed by protesters

ARCHIVE: Cairo - 30 January 2011

++DAY SHOTS+

10. Wide of tanks on street

Seoul via video link - 13 January 2021

11. SOUNDBITE (Arabic) Asma Khatib, Egyptian journalist living in exile after she was sentenced to death in absentia by an Egyptian court:

"The feeling spread through me, my whole view of it, is that 'you don't have a country anymore.' I kept thinking,  'you don't have a country'. It's over, everything is closed."

ARCHIVE: Cairo - 25 January 2011

12. Various of protesters marching in the streets, cheering: "Down with Mubarak, down with Mubarak." And "Where are the Arab people, where are the Egyptian people?"

Seoul via video link - 13 January 2021

13. SOUNDBITE (Arabic) Ahmed Saad, husband of Asma Khatib and journalist:

"If you were able to determine the number of the people who were there, on January 25 only, if you were able to determine how many people where in the square, take the number of the people who are now in prison, and you'll find the rest is the number of people who are abroad."

ARCHIVE: Cairo - 28 January 2011

14. Protesters facing off with Egyptian central security police forces

London via video link - 5 January 2021

15. SOUNDBITE (English) Khaled Fahmy, an Egyptian professor of modern Middle Eastern History at Cambridge University:

"This is much more serious, much deeper and much darker, what Sissi is having in mind."

ARCHIVE: Cairo - 28 January 2011

16. Various of police forces clashing with protesters, firing tear gas at a crowds on a bridge

ARCHIVE: Cairo - 2 February 2011

17. Clashes between protesters and Mubarak supporters   

ARCHIVE: Cairo - 28 January 2011

18. Wide of a crowd of protesters being held back by a line of police

Berlin - 18 January 2021

19. SOUNDBITE (English) Taqadum al-Khatib, Egyptian academic:  

"I couldn't go back to my home, it's a very difficult situation and it is hard to describe it, in a way, it's very hard, actually."

20. Wide of al-Khatib walking away

SHOTLIST

1. Egyptian Foreign Minister, Nabil El Arabay, and Turkish Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoglu, arriving at news conference

2. SOUNDBITE: (English) Ahmet Davutoglu, Turkish Foreign Minister: ++includes Arabic translation++

"The rumours that Turkey has certain reservations about NATO operations is a lie. Because the UN mandate of 1973 should be implemented fully and civilians should be protected. There should be a genuine ceasefire or withdrawal of all the forces the cities. There should be an access for humanitarian assistance. And there should be political change based on the aspirations and political will of the people of Libya, based on human rights and democracy."

3. Wide of news conference

4. SOUNDBITE: (English) Ahmet Davutoglu, Turkish Foreign Minister: ++includes Arabic translation++

"About the Palestinian and the Gaza issue, our position is clear as well. This has been our policy for many years, that Israel must stop its aggression, must end blockade, and international committee must do everything possible for the people of Gaza to have full access to the world."

5. Davutoglu and El Arabay leaving after news conference

STORYLINE:

Turkish Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoglu on Sunday denied what he called rumours that Turkey objected to NATO operations in Libya.

After initial opposition, Turkey is supporting the NATO mission in Libya, though its military is not participating in air strikes on Gadhafi forces.

Speaking at a news conference with his Egyptian counterpart in Cairo, Davutoglu said the "rumours that Turkey has certain reservations about NATO operations is a lie".

He called for political change in Libya "based on the aspirations and political will of the people of Libya, based on human rights and democracy".

Referring to the situation in the Middle East, Davutoglu said Turkey's position on the issue is longstanding and clear.

"Israel must stop its aggression, must end blockade, and international committee must do everything possible for the people of Gaza to have full access to the world," he said.

A Turkish Islamic aid group whose Gaza-bound ship was stormed by Israeli security forces in a deadly raid last year has taken a prominent role in Turkey's humanitarian efforts in Libya, assisting the injured and preparing to send an aid ship next week.

The activities of the group IHH highlight its self-declared mission to assist Muslims in the region and support Turkey's goal of becoming a model and mediator in a turbulent part of the world.

But, its increasing prominence is riling critics in Israel, who allege the aid group has militant links, although it is not on a US list of "terrorist" groups.

SHOTLIST

AP TELEVISION - NO ACCESS BBC PERSIAN / NO ACCESS VOA PERSIAN (Iran material)

++AP Television is adhering to Iranian law that stipulates all media are banned from providing BBC Persian or VOA Persian any coverage from Iran, and under this law if any media violate this ban the Iranian authorities can immediately shut down that organisation in Tehran.++

AP TELEVISION

Jordan, Amman

1. Men praying

2. Various of protest in support of Egyptian demonstrators, red flags are communist flags

3. Flag of King of Jordan King Abdullah II

4. Various of protest

AP TELEVISION

Beirut, Lebanon

5. Wide of people outside Egyptian embassy

6. Various protesters

7. Protesters waving Egyptian flag

8. Guard, protesters in background

9. Mid of security

10. SOUNDBITE (Arabic) Farouk (only one name given), protester:

"The situation in Egypt should not go on forever, 80 million Egyptians should not be ruled by a small group of people who are benefitting from its resources."

11. Tilt down from embassy to protesters

12. Lebanese army convoy

13. Convoy driving past protesters

AP TELEVISION

Istanbul, Turkey

14. Various of protest

15. SOUNDBITE (Turkish) Recep Goker, demonstrator:

"We want to show our support for the revolt in Egypt. We send our regards, hopefully the oppression of the past 30 years will end today."

16. Protesters with banners

17. Protesters with anti-Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak banners

AP TELEVISION - NO ACCESS BBC PERSIAN / NO ACCESS VOA PERSIAN

Tehran, Iran

18. Senior Iranian cleric Ayatollah Ahmad Khatami walking towards podium

19. Wide of worshippers shouting slogans

20. Side shot of cameraman filming Khatami speaking at podium

21. SOUNDBITE (Farsi) Ayatollah Ahmed Khatami, Senior Iranian cleric:

"An Islamic Middle East is being formed. A new Middle East is being shaped around the axis of religion, people and religious democracy."

22. Wide of worshippers chanting (Farsi) "Death to US, death to Israel."

STORYLINE

Protesters gathered together across much of the Arab world on Friday, as regional unrest spread beyond Tunisia and Egypt.

More than 3,500 opposition activists from the main Islamist opposition group, trade unions and leftist organisations gathered in Jordan's capital Amman shouting for the government's resignation.

The rallies marked the third consecutive Friday of protests after Muslim prayers inspired by unrest in Tunisia and Egypt.

Jordan's King Abdullah II has promised reforms in meetings with members of parliament, former prime ministers, civil society institutions and even Jordan's largest opposition group, the fundamentalist Muslim Brotherhood Movement.

Elsewhere, dozens of Lebanese and Egyptians protested outside the Egyptian embassy in Beirut in support of the tens of thousands out in the streets of Cairo.

"The situation in Egypt should not go on forever, 80 million Egyptians should not be ruled by a small group of people who are benefitting from its resources," said one Egyptian protester in Beirut.

And close to 200 members of various Islamic organisations demonstrated against Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak after Friday prayers in Istanbul on Friday.

"We want to show our support for the revolt in Egypt," said one demonstrator there.

Meanwhile, a top Iranian cleric hailed on Friday the recent protests by people in the Arab World and called them an Islamic uprising taking over the region.

Ahmed Khatami, Tehran's Friday prayer leader and a member of the Experts Assembly, said a greater Islamic Middle East is being formed pivoting around Islam and religious democracy.

He reiterated that these uprisings resemble the Iranian Islamic Revolution of 1979 and will lead to the ouster of West-backed dictators of the region.

The unrest has been ripping across the Arab world for two weeks after the people's revolt in Tunisia that ousted the country's autocratic president.

SHOTLIST

Ankara

++NIGHT SHOTS++

1. Protesters setting fire to Israeli flag and stamping on it

2. Pan of people waving flags and chanting slogans condemning Israel

3. Another Israeli flag is set on fire, protesters chanting

4. Female protesters raising fists and chanting pro-Palestinian slogans

5. A third Israeli flag is set on fire, crowds chanting and stamping on it

6. Jubilant demonstrators wave Palestinian flags at traffic

7. Various shots of police car in foreground with its lights flashing, protest in background

8. Policeman with machine gun guards entrance to Israeli ambassador's residence

9. Demonstrators waving Palestinian flags at traffic

Istanbul

++NIGHT SHOTS++

10. Pan of crowd of protesters gathered in downtown square

11. Mid of crowd waving Palestinian flags

12. Various of men and crowd chanting (in Turkish) "On the land or the sea, the resistance will continue"

13. Close of flags

14. Man addressing crowd on stage

15. Close of protesters chanting

16. SOUNDBITE (Turkish) Vox Pop, name not given, Protester:

"It was wrong to stop the aid ship from the start, how can you justify attacking an aid ship in international waters?"

17. Various of crowd at rally

STORYLINE

Turkish activists held in Israel after a flotilla raid were flying home late on Wednesday, setting off jubilant celebrations in the capital Ankara and in Istanbul.

Demonstrators set fire to Israeli flags and waved Palestinian banners in a noisy protest outside the residence of Israel's Ambassador to Turkey in Ankara.

Reports claimed that Israeli diplomats' families in Ankara began packing to leave following orders from the Israeli government Wednesday.

Meanwhile in Istanbul, a rally for the returning activists was held in one of the city's main squares, as thousands waved Turkish flags and chanted "the resistance will continue."

"It was wrong to stop the aid ship from the start, how can you justify attacking an aid ship in international waters?" one woman said at the Istanbul rally.

Turkey's state-run television said an ambulance plane carrying activists wounded in the raid arrived at an air base in Ankara late on Wednesday.

The injured were taken to a hospital.

Hundreds of other activists were expected to arrive in Istanbul later on Wednesday.

Israel has come under harsh international condemnation after its commandos stormed the six-ship aid flotilla Monday in international waters, setting off clashes that killed nine activists and wounded dozens.

The nearly 700 activists, including 400 Turks, were trying to break the three-year-old Israeli and Egyptian naval blockade of the Gaza Strip by bringing in 10-thousand tons of aid.

Israel rejects claims that Gaza is experiencing a humanitarian crisis, saying it allows more than enough food, medicines and

supplies into the territory.

SHOTLIST:

1. EU foreign policy chief Javier Solana arriving for news conference

2. Cutaway cameras

3. SOUNDBITE: (English) Javier Solana, EU foreign policy chief:

"Two thoughts: first, to recognise the importance of your country, Turkey, in the solution of the dramatic crisis in which we are living now in Gaza. And the second is to discuss with them the manners, the terms, in which we can help to push ceasefire that should be immediate."

4. Cutaway of reporters and officials

5. SOUNDBITE: (English) Javier Solana, EU foreign policy chief:

"The fact that representatives from Prime Minister Olmert are now in Egypt, they are talking with representatives from President Mubarak, permits us to see a little bit of light in a very difficult process, that we would like, as you can imagine, to achieve as a ceasefire the sooner the better."

6. Cutaway mid of Solana

7. SOUNDBITE: (English) Javier Solana, EU foreign policy chief:

"To stop this situation, which is dramatic; and that has to have two basic ingredients: a ceasefire - stop the military actions, stopping the rockets also, and at the same time opening the crossings, in order to alleviate the humanitarian situation, which is also at this point in time very serious as far as medical components (are concerned). Therefore these are the two main ingredients. When we achieve that, we can look forward to achieving other things of a more permanent nature."

8. Cutaway of reporter taking notes

9. Various of Solana leaving

STORYLINE:

The European Union's foreign policy chief said on Thursday that Egyptian-brokered talks on a cease-fire proposal for Gaza presented "a bit of light in a very difficult process."

Javier Solana also said a cease-fire would allow for the discussion of more important issues, such as the delivery of humanitarian aid and the opening of border crossings.

Solana was in Turkey to discuss ways in which to push for a cease-fire which he said "should be immediate."

He called the situation in Gaza "dramatic" repeatedly and described the humanitarian condition on the ground as "very serious".

In addition to the objectives of halting Israeli military action and rocket fire by militants, Solana called for the opening of Gaza border crossings.

Gaza has been effectively locked off from the outside world, after Israel imposed a blockage on the coastal territory when it was taken over violently by Hamas in June 2007.

Gazans experience frequent electricity shortages and most of the 1.4 (m) million residents rely on UN food handouts.

Solana reiterated the EU's willingness to send European monitors that were once at Gaza's border with Egypt back to the crossing after a cease-fire in Gaza is achieved.

SHOTLIST

WEF POOL

1. Wide of stage, including Israeli President, Shimon Peres and Turkish Prime Minister, Recep Tayyip Erdogan

2. Stage, with Peres talking

3. Mid of audience listening

4. Mid of Peres and Erdogan on stage

5. Close of Peres speaking, turning to Erdogan, UPSOUND (English) Peres: "I want to understand why did they fire rockets against us. What for? There was not any siege against Gaza."

6. Various of Erdogan asking for time to respond, UPSOUND (English) Erdogan: "one minute, one minute..."

7. SOUNDBITE (Turkish) Recep Tayyip Erdogan, Turkish Prime Minister: (taken from simultaneous translation)

"I feel that you perhaps feel a bit guilty and that is why perhaps you have been so strong in your words, so loud. Well you killed people. I remember the children who died on the beaches."

8. Various of Erdogan trying to speak and, chairperson trying to end proceedings

9. Erdogan walking off stage

AP TELEVISION

10. People gathered in hallway

11. Close up of sign reading: (English) "middle east peace"

12. SOUNDBITE (English) Amr Moussa, Arab League Secretary-General:

"Yes he walked out because he was not given the full time to answer, and we also wanted him to answer because what Mr. Peres said was first unacceptable, second, many of the points were not really accurate and we wanted to say something. So the Prime Minister of Turkey was not given that opportunity. He is after all the Prime Minister of Turkey and he wants to speak."

(Question: And he was in his right to walk out and make a point?)

"This is a different story. He is angry and I believe we are going to see him now."

13. Cutaway delegates ++MUTE++

STORYLINE

Turkey's prime minister stalked off the stage at the World Economic Forum on Thursday after reproaching Israel's president over the devastating military offensive in Gaza.

The packed audience, which included President Barack Obama's close adviser Valerie Jarrett, appeared stunned as Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan and Israeli President Shimon Peres raised their voices and traded accusations.

Peres was passionate in his defence of Israel's 23-day offensive in Gaza, which it said targeted Gaza-rulers Hamas and aimed to stop Palestinian militant rocket fire into southern Israeli towns.

As he spoke, Peres often turned toward Erdogan, who in his remarks had criticised Israel's strict blockade of the Gaza Strip.

"Why did they fire rockets? There was no siege against Gaza," Peres said, raising his voice.

The heated debate with Israel and Turkey at the centre was significant because of the key role Turkey has played as a moderator between Israel and Syria.

Erdogan appeared to express a sense of disappointment when he recounted how he had met with the Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert just days before the offensive, and believed they were close to reaching terms for a face-to-face meeting with Syrian leaders.

Obama's new Mideast envoy, George Mitchell, will be in Turkey for talks on Sunday.

Erdogan was angry when a panel moderator cut off his remarks in response to an impassioned monologue by Peres defending Israel's offensive.

The angry exchange followed an hour-long debate at the forum attended by world leaders in Davos.

Erdogan tried to rebut Peres as the discussion was ending, asking the moderator, Washington Post columnist David Ignatius, to let him speak once more.

"You killed people," Erdogan told the 85-year-old Israeli leader. "I remember the children who died on beaches."

When moderator repeatedly interrupted, asking him to stop, Erdogan angrily stalked off, leaving behind fellow panelists United Nations Secretary-General Ban-Ki Moon and Arab League Secretary-General, Amr Moussa.

Ultimately, Erdogan stressed he left not because of a dispute with Peres but because he was not given time to respond to the Israeli leader's remarks.

Erdogan also complained that Peres had 25 minutes while he was only given 12 minutes.

Moussa, the former Egyptian foreign minister who now leads the Arab League, said Ergodan's action was understandable.

FOR CLEAN VERSION SEE STORY NUMBER: 2015034

US State Secretary John Kerry laid out the ambitions of a permanent Gaza ceasefire on Saturday, after a Foreign Ministers meeting in Paris.

Kerry said that a ceasefire should address the issue of tunnels in the Gaza Strip to ensure Israel's safety but should not mean a continuance of the status quo for Palestinians.

Kerry also thanked Turkey and Qatar for their assistance in this latest push for a ceasefire, saying they made it possible to "to engage directly with some of the Palestinian factions in order to try to help get us where we are today."

A ceasefire agreement will need to reassure Palestinians that they will be able "to live and breathe more freely and move within the crossings and begin to have goods and services that come in from outside," he said.

Foreign Ministers from seven nations gathered in Paris on Saturday, calling for an extension of the 12-hour humanitarian ceasefire in the Gaza Strip.

For days Kerry has been moving between the Egyptian capital, the West Bank and Jerusalem, and talking to officials from Qatar, who are in contact with Hamas, in an effort to agree a long-term ceasefire in Gaza.

At least 985 Palestinians, mainly civilians, have been killed and more than 6-thousand wounded over the past 19 days, according to Palestinian officials.

Israeli soldier deaths stand at 37 while two civilians and a Thai worker have also been killed.

AP TELEVISION

Paris, France - July 26, 2014

++SOUNDBITES SEPARATED BY WHITE FLASH++

1. SOUNDBITE (English) John Kerry, US Secretary of State John Kerry:

"I understand that Israel can't have a ceasefire in which they are not able to, that somehow the tunnels are never going to be dealt with. The tunnels have to be dealt with. We understand that. We're working at that. By the same token, the Palestinians can't have a ceasefire in which they think the status quo is going to stay and they are not going to have the ability to be able to begin to live and breathe more freely and move within the crossings and begin to have goods and services that come in from outside. These are important considerations."

2. SOUNDBITE (English) John Kerry, US Secretary of State John Kerry:

"We are grateful obviously for the Egyptian initiative, for the Israeli efforts initially, but also this particular effort now has been significantly assisted by the input of Qatar, the input of Turkey, and the willingness of these foreign ministers to work hard, even though they were at a distance, and to engage directly with some of the Palestinian factions in order to try to help get us where we are today."

Hundreds of protesters took to the streets in Istanbul on Thursday to mark the anniversary of the mass killings in Cairo last year.

On August 14, 2013, hundreds of supporters of Egypt's ousted president Mohammed Morsi were killed in clashes that ensued when security forces dispersed two large sit-ins.

At least 624 people were killed during 12 hours of mayhem in Cairo's Rabaah el-Adawiyah Square, though rights groups have said the toll may be several hundred higher.

"I was in Egypt then (during Rabaah Square events). I saw the massacre. I was an eyewitness to the massacre. And my father was wounded, he was hit by a bullet. So we're here to remind people what happened, we're here to remember what happened," said protester Mohammed Ahmed.

Elsewhere in Istanbul, the Union of Egyptians Abroad, International Jurists Union and Egyptian Revolutionary Council held a news conference commemorating last year's violence.

The events were the worst mass killing in modern Egyptian history.

After a 2011 uprising removed autocrat Hosni Mubarak, the Muslim Brotherhood rolled to victory in a series of Egypt's first democratic elections, bringing Morsi to the presidency.

But opposition quickly grew.

A year after Morsi's inauguration, millions joined protests against him, prompting then-army chief Abdel-Fattah el-Sissi to remove and detain Morsi on July 3, 2013.

AP TELEVISION

Istanbul, Turkey - 14 August 2014

1. Various of march marking first anniversary of killings of 1,150 protesters in Cairo last year, UPSOUND (Arabic) "God is Great"

2. Children waving flags

3. SOUNDBITE (Turkish) Mohammed Ahmed, Egyptian protester:

"I was in Egypt then (during violence in Rabaah Square). I saw the massacre. I was an eyewitness to the massacre. And my father was wounded, he was hit by a bullet. So we're here to remind people what happened, we're here to remember what happened."

4. Various of march

5. News conference held by Union of Egyptians Abroad, International Jurists Union and Egyptian Revolutionary Council

6. Media at news conference

7. SOUNDBITE (Arabic) Adil Rashid, Muslim Brotherhood supporter:

"We will never forget our friends who made the revolution happen. They were martyred for this bloody coup. We will never give up on the revolution they started."

8. Wide of news conference

9. SOUNDBITE (Turkish) Resat Petek, Former Turkish prosecutor:

"I damn and curse coup leader (Abdel-Fattah) el-Sissi and his cronies. Because they massacred innocent people, and didn't respect their corpses; shoved them with bulldozers. And then, without any shame, they stuffed the ones who made it out alive into jail and charged them with carrying out a massacre."

10. Sign (English) "World Rabia Day. Raise your voice for humanity!"

FILE: Cairo, Egypt - 14 August 2013

11. Wide of protest

12. Protesters carrying an injured pro-Morsi supporter into an ambulance, injured from the Rabaah al-Adawiya camp

13. Close-up of the injured being treated in ambulance

14. Wide of tear gas being fired at protesters, the protesters pick it up and throw it back at police

15. Wide of tyres burning, with two Muslim Brotherhood supporters showing victory sign to police

16. Wide of tear gas cloud with protesters in the gas cloud

17. Muslim Brotherhood supporter wearing tee-shirt covered in blood, in front of him there are fires in the street

18. Close-up of smoke coming from the burning tyres

19. Close-up of burning tyres spread all along the street

SHOTLIST:

1. Wide of River Bosphorus and Bosphorus Bridge in Istanbul

2. Beylerbeyi Palace on the banks of the Bosphorus

3. Boat motoring across the Bosphorus

4. Wide of Taksim Square in central of Istanbul

5. Analyst Ozcan Tikit walking to his desk and sitting down

6. Various cutaways of Tikit

7. SOUNDBITE: (English) Ozcan Tikit, foreign policy analyst:

"After these statements we will see relations get worse and worse. This is the turning point between Turkey and Israeli relations. Israel has lost one of its unique friends in the region and in the Islamic world."

8. Tilt-down from Ozcan''s face to his hands typing

9. SOUNDBITE: (English) Ozcan Tikit, foreign policy analyst:

"Turkey has a huge population, has a huge affect. And in this area, in this region, is one of the major players. So, whenever the Israelis would like to protect their interests, they will see an aggression and afterwards, they will see a Turkish state who would like to sabotage it."

10. Various of people walking in Taksim Square

11. Taksim Square in istanbul

12. SOUNDBITE: (Turkish) Bahadir Sahin, Istanbul resident:

"I approve of and support the Turkish government and the Turkish foreign ministry. Someone has to put an end to - what shall I call it? Israel''s disgrace against humanity."

13. Tram travelling along Taksim''s Istiklal Avenue

14. Wide of cafe

15. SOUNDBITE: (Turkish) Recep Cavusoglu, cafe owner:

"In my opinion, Israel''s only friend and ally is Turkey. If they lose us as well, they will inch closer to isolation in the region. In the end it''s a mutually beneficial relationship, and most likely they will be the ones to suffer."

16. Wide of people walking in Taksim

STORYLINE:

Turkey expelled Israel''s ambassador and will cut military ties with the country over its refusal to apologise for last year''s deadly raid on a Gaza-bound aid flotilla, officials said on Friday, further straining a relationship which had been a cornerstone of regional stability.

Turkey''s move came before the anticipated publication on Friday of a United Nations report about the Israeli raid, which killed nine activists.

The breakdown in ties also raised concerns that other countries, including Egypt and Jordan, may follow suit by recalling ambassadors and increase Israel''s alienation in the region.

Relations between Turkey and Israel were once close.

Turkey had mediated several rounds of indirect negotiations between Israel and Syria in 2008, but the talks made no significant headway and were suspended following the Israeli military offensive in Gaza the following year.

Ties have soured further in recent years and deteriorated sharply after the flotilla bloodshed on May 31, 2010.

The Israeli ambassador''s expulsion is the most significant downgrading in ties between the two countries.

Foreign policy analyst Ozcan Tikit predicted that relations between the two countries would only get worse.

"This is the turning point between Turkey and Israeli relations. Israel has lost one of its unique friends in the region and in the Islamic world," said Tikit.

Residents of Istanbul echoed these sentiments, appearing to support their government''s action.

Cafe owner, Recep Cavusoglu, warned that Israel is close to losing its only ally in the region.

"In my opinion, Israel''s only friend and ally is Turkey. If they lose us as well, they will inch closer to isolation in the region," he said.

The Turkish decision increases Israel''s isolation at a sensitive time.

Israel faces turmoil in ties with another established regional ally, Egypt, where long-time leader Hosni Mubarak was deposed earlier this year and where there have been growing calls to revoke the three-decade-old Egypt-Israel peace agreement.

Last month, Egypt briefly threatened to withdraw its ambassador from Israel after a shooting in southern Israel left five Egyptian soldiers dead.

It also comes as Israel seeks to muster international support against an attempt by the Palestinians to have their state recognised at the UN later this month.

The UN report on the flotilla raid, obtained by the New York Times and posted on its website, said Israel''s naval blockade of Gaza was a "legitimate security measure."

But it also said Israel''s use of force against the flotilla was "excessive and unreasonable."

An Israeli official said the report showed Israel''s naval blockade was in keeping with international law.

He spoke on condition of anonymity because the report had yet to be officially released.

He said Israel expected it to be made public by the UN later on Friday.

Turkey has made an Israeli apology a condition of improving diplomatic ties.

Israeli officials say the report does not demand an Israeli apology, recommending instead that Israel should express regret and pay reparations.

SHOTLIST

1. Wide of Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan and his party members sitting in the congress hall

2. Mid of Egyptian President Mohammed Morsi walking to podium

3. Mid of Erdogan and Morsi shaking hands on stage

4. SOUNDBITE (Arabic) Mohammed Morsi, Egyptian President:

"The second issue at hand is the issue of Syrian people. There, on Syrian soil, Syrian people are being killed day and night. Women are being raped. The are experiencing the tragedy of the century under a regime that kills its own people. This tragedy in Syria is making us sleepless."

5. Women in the audience

6. SOUNDBITE (Arabic) Mohammed Morsi, Egyptian President: ++includes cutaway of Erdogan and party members

"This regime is massacring its own people, this is what it looks like. We will be on the side of the Syrian people until the bloodshed ends, the cruel regime is gone and Syrian people reach their just rights."

7. Mid of Hamas leader Khaled Mashaal standing up in audience and being applauded

8. Wide of Erdogan walking to the podium amongst the crowd

9. Wide of crowd cheering and waving flags

10. SOUNDBITE (Turkish) Recep Tayyip Erdogan, Turkish Prime Minister:

"We will do what a brother would do. And we will continue to give the Syrian people our logistical support. We call on Russia, China as well as Iran: please review your stance that you have maintained on this matter up until now. History will not forgive those who stand together with cruel regimes."

11. Wide top shot of congress hall and crowd applauding

STORYLINE

Turkey and Egypt sought to boost their alliance in a turbulent region on Sunday, unleashing harsh criticism of the Syrian regime and pledging joint support for the Palestinian cause.

Egypt's new president, Mohammed Morsi, addressed a major congress of Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan's ruling party, amid signs that a partnership between their two countries is emerging, and said they both plan to stand by Palestinians and the Syrian people.

Morsi called the events in Syria "the tragedy of the century".

"We will be on the side of the Syrian people until the bloodshed ends, the cruel regime is gone and Syrian people reach their just rights."

In his speech to the congress, which is marking the ruling Justice and Development party's decade in power, Erdogan promised that Turkey would continue to support the Syrian people wanting to oust the regime of President Bashar Assad.

Turkey is host to some 88-thousand Syrian refuges as well as Syrian opposition groups.

Erdogan appealed to Russia, China and Iran to stop backing the regime.

With Khaled Mashaal, the leader of the Palestinian Islamic militant group Hamas also present, Erdogan praised Morsi for his support to Palestinians.

Erdogan said Turkey would not reconcile with former ally Israel until it lifts its blockade of Gaza and apologises for an attack in 2010 that killed nine mostly Turkish pro-Palestinian activists in a raid on a flotilla that tried to breach the blockade.

Israel has refused to apologise but has expressed regret for the loss of lives.

It insists troops opened fire after coming under attack by activists.

During his 12-hour visit to Turkey, Morsi will try to strengthen economic ties with Turkey.

Morsi's Muslim Brotherhood group view Turkey as an Islamic success story, mixing a strong economy with Western ties and Islamic piety.

SHOTLIST:

1. Jordanian Foreign Minister Marwan Jamil Al-Muasher arriving at meetings

2. Egyptian Foreign Minister Ahmed Maher arriving at meeting - press follow him in

3. SOUNDBITE: (English) Ahmed Maher, Egyptian Foreign Minister:

Question: (Do you think) President Bush will attack Iraq whatever happens?

Answer: "If he wants to attack Iraq who can prevent him? I don't think we can prevent him. All we can do is to raise our voice saying please to everybody that peace is so important. Don't rush into something. We all have an interest in a peaceful solution."

4. Saudi Foreign Minister Prince Saud al-Faisal and officials entering room via escalator

5. Press cutaway

6. Iranian and Syrian Foreign Ministers and officials enter room

7. Turkish Turkish Prime Minister Abdullah Gul and officials entering room

8. Various of foreign ministers sitting for photo op

9. Various of round table discussions

10. Close up Saudi Foreign Minister prince Saud al-Faisal

11. Close up Egyptian Foreign Minister Ahmed Maher

12. Media

13. Wide meeting

14. Wide news conference after round table discussions

15. Saudi officials

16. SOUNDBITE (English) Yasar Yakis, Turkish Foreign Minister

"The spectre of war in Iraq is looming large. The countries of this region do not wish to live through yet another war and all its devastating consequences. War should not become an option to resolve this crisis."

17. Media cutaway

18. SOUNDBITE (English) Yasar Yakis, Turkish Foreign Minister

"We therefore solemnly call on the Iraqi leadership to move irreversibly and sincerely towards assuming their responsibilities in restoring peace and stability in the region."

19. Press cutaway

20. SOUNDBITE: (English) Farouq al-Sharaa, Syrian Foreign Minister:

"The open message and the hidden message is peace and no war. The six countries agree that our message and our solidarity is with a peaceful solution and the rejection of military action."

21. Wide shot presser

22. Various ant-war demo outside building where meetings took place

23. Various demonstrators being arrested

STORYLINE:

Fearing war could trigger a crisis in the region, Iraq's neighbours have urged Saddam Hussein to cooperate fully with UN arms inspectors. But they avoided any public call for the Iraqi leader to step down.

At a meeting in Istanbul on Thursday, Foreign ministers of the six countries - Turkey, Syria, Iran, Jordan, Egypt and Saudi Arabia - issued a joint statement calling for a peaceful solution to the crisis.

"The countries of this region do not wish to live through yet another war and all its devastating consequences," said the joint communique read by Turkish Foreign Minister Yasar Yakis.

The statement also called on Saddam Hussein to "move irreversibly and sincerely toward assuming their responsibilities in restoring peace and stability in the region."

However, Yakis and others said there was no discussion of urging Saddam to step down to spare his country from war.

Although the statement was directed primarily against Iraq, Iran's Foreign Affairs Minister Kamal Kharazzi urged the United States against taking "unilateral action."

US officials hoped the meeting would signal Saddam that the best course would be for him to go into exile. However, Turkish officials said talk of Saddam leaving was not on the agenda.

Syrian Foreign Minister Farouk al-Sharaa said the meeting's message was a "rejection of a military action."

All the countries present, except Jordan and Iran, were part of the 1991 Gulf War coalition that drove Iraqi forces from Kuwait. Kuwait, which is hosting a large number of US troops preparing for a possible war, was not invited.

Meanwhile outside the meeting venue, anti-war protestors held a small but noisy demonstration.

Around twenty people were arrested, according to the police.

Turkey's President on Friday called for a cease-fire between Israel and Hamas, in particular urging Israel to halt ground, naval and air assaults on Gaza in order to limit further civilian deaths.

President Abdullah Gul made the comments at a joint news conference with Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas, who was visiting Istanbul.

For his part, West Bank-based Abbas, whose Palestinian Authority lost control of Gaza to Hamas in 2007, said he thought it was a good idea for Palestinians to accept the cease-fire brokered by Egypt.

Israel's first major ground offensive against Hamas in Gaza in just over five years began on Thursday as Egyptian cease-fire efforts stalled.

Earlier this week, Israel accepted Cairo's offer to halt hostilities, but Hamas refused, demanding that Israel and Egypt first give guarantees to ease the blockade on Gaza.

Israel had been reticent about launching a ground offensive for fear of endangering its own soldiers and drawing international condemnation over mounting Palestinian civilian deaths.

But after thousands of troops had been on standby for several days, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said he had ordered the military to prepare for a "significant expansion" of the ground offensive.

AP TELEVISION

1. Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas exiting plane

2. Abbas shaking hands with Turkish President Abdullah Gul

3. Abbas and Gul walking with other officials

4. Abbas and Gul arriving at news conference

5. SOUNDBITE (Turkish) Abdullah Gul, Turkish President:

"(Our aim) is sustaining permanent cease-fire, after that reaching a permanent solution through conclusive negotiations of a two state nature, but the priority is reaching a cease-fire agreement. Israel should stop ground assaults as well as its naval and air assaults on Gaza and prevent more bloodshed and deaths of Palestinian children and innocent people."

6. Cutaway of journalist

7. SOUNDBITE (Arabic) Mahmoud Abbas, Palestinian President:

"As a matter of fact, incidents began with Palestinian teen Mohammed Abu Khdeir being burned to death in Jerusalem. After that, tens of Palestinians were martyred in the West Bank and then incidents spread to Gaza. Finally (missile) attacks took place."

8. Cutaway of journalist

9. SOUNDBITE (Arabic) Mahmoud Abbas, Palestinian President:

"At our request, our Egyptian brothers made an attempt. The purpose of this attempt was reaching a cease-fire agreement and moving on to further negotiations. This agreement is almost the same as the one that was signed in 2012. Israel accepted this agreement, so we should accept it as well to weaken the Israeli side's position.

10. Abbas and Gul leaving news conference

Egypt downgraded diplomatic relations with Turkey on Saturday and ordered its ambassador expelled from Cairo, a sharp escalation in tensions between the two countries that have mounted since the Egyptian military's ousting of Islamist President Mohammed Morsi this summer.

Egypt's Foreign Ministry said the Turkish envoy has been considered persona non grata and is being asked to leave the country because of what it described as Ankara's "continued interference" in Egyptian affairs.

It said it will scale back its diplomatic relations with Turkey to the level of charge d'affaires.

Foreign Ministry spokesman Badr Abdel Atty told media on Saturday that the Turkish ambassador had been asked to leave the country.

"We summoned the Turkish ambassador in Cairo to the Egyptian Foreign Ministry and declared him persona non grata," he said.

There was support for the move on the streets of Cairo.

One local resident, Ahmed Hamam, said it "had to happen."

"Turkey has proved that it supports terrorism and terrorists," he added.

Turkey reciprocated against Egypt by quickly summoning the Egyptian Charge d'Affaires to the Turkish Foreign Ministry, declaring the Egyptian ambassador "persona non grata" and downgrading relations with Egypt to the Charge d'Affaires level.

A Turkish foreign ministry statement said Egypt's interim government "which came to power in exceptional circumstances" was responsible for the deteriorating relations.

Turkey's Islamic-rooted ruling party had strongly backed Morsi - a leading figure in Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood - as an example for the Arab world of a democratically elected Islamist leader.

It has criticised his July 3 overthrow by Egypt's military, while also criticising the West for what it has deemed a weak response to a military coup.

Turkey and Egypt recalled their ambassadors in August after Turkey condemned the ousting and a subsequent bloody crackdown on pro-Morsi protests.

Turkey's ambassador returned weeks later, but Egypt had declined to return its envoy to Ankara.

Saturday's decision comes after Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan renewed his criticism of Egypt's new leaders, dismissing the trial of Morsi which opened earlier this month on charges of inciting murder of his opponents while in office, and describing on Thursday the situation in Egypt as a "humanitarian drama."

He had previously called for the trial of Egypt's new leaders for the crackdown.

Egyptian officials and media have repeatedly accused Muslim Brotherhood leaders of meeting in Turkey to plan protests and other ways to undermine the new government in Cairo.

AP TELEVISION

1. Wide of Egyptian Foreign Ministry spokesperson Badr Abdel Atty at news conference

2. SOUNDBITE (Arabic) Badr Abdel Atty, Egyptian Foreign Ministry spokesman:

"Firstly, we have downgraded diplomatic relations with Turkey to the level of charge d'affaires. Secondly, we recalled the Egyptian ambassador in Ankara back to Cairo, he has been back since 15 August. Thirdly, we summoned the Turkish ambassador in Cairo to the Egyptian Foreign Ministry and declared him persona non grata. He is being asked to leave the country."

3. Exterior of the Egyptian Foreign ministry in Cairo

4. Wide exterior of the Turkish Embassy in Cairo

5. Close of Turkish flag at the Turkish Embassy in Cairo

6. Wide high angle of Cairo skyline

7. SOUNDBITE (Arabic) vox pop, Ahmed Hamam, Cairo resident:

"The plan for the Egyptian ambassador to Turkey to return, and to expel the Turkish ambassador to Turkey from Cairo is a step that had to happen. Turkey has proved that it supports terrorism and terrorists."

8. Wide of street

9. SOUNDBITE (Arabic) vox pop, Mustafa Mohamed, Cairo resident:

"We had to take this step because for a long time there have been other countries (that support the Muslim Brotherhood) that we have to take similar action against. Egypt has to regain its position."

10. Wide of street

Court scenes of the first day of the trial of four Palestinians who are accused of taking over the Egyptian embassy in Ankara, Turkey in July and of killing two security guards.

1. ms interior judicial bench in courtroom, pan to Palestinian prisoners, one of them speaking in Arabic

2. cu Palestinian speaking

3. ms court typist

4. ms prisoners stand up, zoom in and pan to each of them

5. ms Palestinians escorted from court by soldiers

6. ms soldiers with machine guns walk past

7. ms exterior court showing APC (armoured personnel carrier) and military policemen, zoom in on machine gun

8. ms military policemen by armoured vehicle rear door, zoom in to prisoner inside

9. ws exterior court as the armoured vehicles leave

10. ws line of armoured vehicles pass along road

Film: Rev - Sound: Mag SOF - Colour - NYFilm: c0066245/c0066245A - LN Number: LN98/LFK0098 - Available in HD

LEAD IN:

The Egyptian stock market is relatively flat on the first session of the week.

Dealers say it has been unaffected by the attempted coup in Turkey.

STORY-LINE:

The EGX 30, the main benchmark index for the Egyptian stock exchange, opened the day on 7,583 points.

After initially rising slightly, it dropped to a low for the day of 7,557 points.

But it has since recovered to 7,577 points (1130 GMT), which is a very small drop of just 0.08 percent since opening.

Dealers say the attempted coup in Turkey has had no effect on the markets.

"The Egyptian stock market has not been affected by the military coup in Turkey because it was brought under control," says trader Hanan Ramses.

"If the coup had succeeded, there would have been exponential increases in the EGX 30 benchmark because there are many economic and historical factors that relate the Egyptian stock market to the current situation in Turkey."

LEAD IN:

The Egyptian stock market is relatively flat on the first session of the week.

Dealers say it has been unaffected by the attempted coup in Turkey.

STORY-LINE:

The EGX 30, the main benchmark index for the Egyptian stock exchange, opened the day on 7,583 points.

After initially rising slightly, it dropped to a low for the day of 7,557 points.

But it has since recovered to 7,577 points (1130 GMT), which is a very small drop of just 0.08 percent since opening.

Dealers say the attempted coup in Turkey has had no effect on the markets.

"The Egyptian stock market has not been affected by the military coup in Turkey because it was brought under control," says trader Hanan Ramses.

"If the coup had succeeded, there would have been exponential increases in the EGX 30 benchmark because there are many economic and historical factors that relate the Egyptian stock market to the current situation in Turkey."

Cairo, Egypt - 17 July 2016

1. Wide interior of the Egyptian stock market

2. Various of screen showing trading

3. Various of traders working

4. SOUNDBITE (Arabic) Hanan Ramses, Dealer:

"The Egyptian stock market has not been affected by the military coup in Turkey because it was brought under control. If the coup had succeeded, there would have been exponential increases in the EGX 30 benchmark because there are many economic and historical factors that relate the Egyptian stock market to the current situation in Turkey."

5. Various of trading floor

6. Wide exterior of stock exchange building

RESTRICTION SUMMARY: AP CLIENTS ONLY

SHOTLIST:

AP TELEVISION – AP CLIENTS ONLY

Moscow – 16 March 2016

1. Mid of Egyptian Foreign Minister Sameh Shoukry and Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov at news conference

2. SOUNDBITE: (Russian) Sergey Lavrov, Russian Foreign Minister:

"As you remember, not long ago, a horrible terrorist act took place in Ankara, about which the Russian authorities and president sent their condolences to the relatives of the victims and showed solidarity with the Turkish nation. But on the same day, the Turkish authorities announced those who were guilty of this terrorist act – but no one was informed about any kind of investigation and how it was organised. But to announce straight after the attack that the Kurds were guilty – the Turkish side used this in order to explain Turkey's continued artillery and missile shelling on Syrian territory – in areas where Kurds traditionally live, upon the pretext that terror attacks were carried out by the Kurds."

3. Cutaway of news conference

4. SOUNDBITE: (Russian) Sergey Lavrov, Russian Foreign Minister:

"The actions of Turkey inherently undermine those efforts - which include those made by the United Nations Security Council, and include the question of the ceasefire and the question of humanitarian aid deliveries and the question of the start of the political process."

5. Wide of Lavrov and Shoukry

STORYLINE:

Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov accused Turkey on Wednesday of threatening the peace process in Syria.

Lavrov said Ankara had used the recent attack in the Turkish capital as a pretext to bomb Kurdish positions in Syria.

He made the comments at a joint news conference in Moscow with his Egyptian counterpart, Sameh Shoukry.

Turkey on Tuesday identified the attacker who carried out a deadly suicide bombing in Ankara as a 24-year-old woman who allegedly became a Kurdish rebel in 2013 and had trained in Syria.

An Interior Ministry statement identified the suicide car bomber blamed for killing 37 people, including herself, on Sunday as Seher Cagla Demir.

The attack escalated tensions with the Kurds and further complicated Turkey's place in the region as it battles a host of enemies across its borders including the Syrian government, Kurdish rebels in both Iraq and Syria, and the Islamic State group.

===========================================================

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SHOTLIST

1. Wide exterior of Presidential Palace in Cairo

2. Interior palace, Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak meeting with Turkish Foreign Minister Ali Babacan, zoom in to Babacan, pan right to Mubarak, pull out pan left, pan right, various zoom in and out

3. Cutaway of cameramen

4. Babacan arriving at press conference

5. SOUNDBITE: (Turkish) Ali Babacan, Turkish Foreign Minister:

"The Turkish parliament yesterday approved (a decision) authorising the government (to send troops into northern Iraq)."

6. Wide of press conference

7. SOUNDBITE: (Turkish) Ali Babacan, Turkish Foreign Minister:

"I want it to be clear that this approval and authorisation has a time limit in which operations can be carried out and followed up to root out terrorists, should we need to use this method of action."

8. Wide of press conference

9. SOUNDBITE: (Turkish with Arabic translation) Ali Babacan, Turkey's Foreign Minister:

"Turkey has every intention to fight terrorism and without any hesitation."

10. Cutaway of cameraman

11. Wide of press conference

STORYLINE

Turkey's Foreign Minister had a meeting on Thursday morning in Cairo with Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak, as Turkey sought to explain to its Arab neighbours the decision by its parliament to approve possible military operations into northern Iraq.

Turkey's Parliament voted 507-19 on Wednesday to approve military operations over the next year against rebel fighters of the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) based in northern Iraq.

Turkish Foreign Minister Ali Babacan, who is on a goodwill trip to the Middle East that will also include Lebanon, announced parliament's approval of a potential cross-border operation into northern Iraq.

Turkish parliament has authorised the government to send troops into northern Iraq to root out Kurdish rebels who have been conducting raids into Turkey.

The vote removed the last legal obstacle to an offensive, but there was no sign of imminent action, as Iraq and the United States urged restraint.

Turkish leaders, under pressure from Washington and Baghdad, have signalled they would not immediately give the order to send thousands of soldiers, armour and attack helicopters into a region that has largely escaped the chaos of the Iraq war.

"I want it to be clear this approval and authorisation has a time limit in which operations can be carried out and followed up to root out terrorists," Babacan told reporters at a press conference in Cairo.

But Babacan was quick to add that "Turkey has every intention to fight terrorism and without any hesitation."

US President George Bush said the US was making it clear to Turkey that it should not stage a major army operation in the Iraqi north, much of which has escaped the sustained violence and political discord common in the rest of Iraq since the US-led invasion in 2003.

The Turkish military, which had little success when it last carried out a major incursion into Iraq a decade ago with 50 thousand soldiers, estimates 3,800 Turkish Kurd guerrillas operate from Iraq territory and 2,300 are inside Turkey.

SHOTLIST:

Istanbul, Turkey

1. US and Israeli flags burned by crowd

2. Riot police confronting protestors

3. Protestors retreat from frontline appearing to suffer the effects of teargas

4. Protestor screaming, then appears to faint and is supported by fellow-demonstrators

5. Riot police charge, demonstrators beaten with batons

6. Riot police beat protestor with batons

7. Two women lead two young girls away, apparently suffering effects of teargas

Cairo, Egypt

8. Truck spraying crowds with water cannon

9. Close up of demonstrator being resuscitated

10. Injured policeman led to ambulance

Cairo, Egypt

11. Group damaging police motorcycle

12. Pull out from mid shot of flames and smoke billowing from burning car by busy road in middle of city

Bahrain

13. Reverse shot of youths throwing stones at police in background

14. Injured man being carried into ambulance

15. Long shot of American flag

16. Muslim cleric trying talking to police and then youths

17. Pan following police vehicle with man firing shots from it at youths

18. Various of American flag being burnt

San'a, Yemen

19. Various of march

Akwar Region, Lebanon

20. Various demonstrators carrying flags approaching barricade, under fire from water cannon

21. Security forces firing water on demonstrators

Ein El Helweh - Sidon, Lebanon

22. Demonstrators at Palestinian camp

23. Mid shot of Saddam Hussein posters carried by marchers

East Jerusalem

24. Tear gas canister fired

Gaza

25. Women, one carrying placard with picture of Saddam Hussein, chanting "With our soul and our blood we will sacrifice ourselves for you Saddam."

26. Protestors marching, young boy on shoulders of one marcher carrying mock-up Armalite rifle

STORYLINE:

There were protests against the war in many Muslim and Arab countries on Friday.

Feelings about the US-led military action in Iraq were running high in Turkey, Egypt, Bahrain, Yemen, Lebanon, East Jerusalem and Gaza.

Approximately two thousand people demonstrated in central Istanbul.

Polls show up to 94 percent of Turks are against a war against Iraq.

In the Egyptian capital Cairo, about 10,000 demonstrators chanted anti-US slogans to protest the war as they gathered under tight security after Friday's weekly prayers.

Protestors chanted they would "sacrifice ourselves for Iraq" in the demonstrations outside the Al-Azhar mosque.

Hundreds of protesters threw stones and other objects at police, who responded with water cannons and hit people with sticks.

At least two protesters were arrested and two were taken away by ambulance, one bleeding from the head and another holding his wrist. It was unclear how they were injured.

Riot police in Bahrain used rubber bullets, tear gas and truncheons to hold off about 2,000 stone-throwing protesters marching on the US Embassy there. At least 10 people were injured in Bahrain, regional base for the US Navy's 5th Fleet.

In Yemen, one policeman was fatally shot in the head by gunfire that came from demonstrators, a security official said on condition of anonymity. The same source said that a protester was also shot dead. Thirty-five people were arrested.

An estimated 30,000 people assembled after Friday prayers in central San`a and marched several kilometers (miles) toward the US Embassy, which was closed. Hundreds of police tried to stop the crowd using tear gas and water cannons before resorting to bursts of live automatic rifle fire into the air.

Anti-American sentiment boiled over in many parts of Lebanon on Friday, as police moved in to control protesters.

Police turned water cannons and tear gas onto crowds of anti-war protesters outside the US embassy in northern Beirut on Friday.

Demonstrators tried to remove barbed wire, positioned outside the embassy, which followed with clashes with police.

And the anti-American sentiment was potent in Palestinian refugee camps close to the southern port of Sidon.

Demonstrators marched through the streets in support of the Iraq's leader, carrying posters of Saddam Hussein with them.

In Jerusalem, worshippers on the Old City's hilltop mosque compound shouted, "Our beloved Saddam, hit Tel Aviv," a chant popular in 1991, when Iraq launched 39 Scud missiles at Israel.

Thousands of Palestinians holding pictures of Saddam Hussein poured out of mosques after Friday prayers to protest against the US-led attacks on Iraq and cheered for the Iraqi leader to bombard Israeli cities with Scud missiles.

In the West Bank and Gaza Strip, Palestinians turned out in the rain to shout slogans of support to Iraqi fighters and revived some chants from the 1991 Gulf War.

About 7,000 men and women filled Gaza City's streets. American and British flags and pictures of US President George Bush were burned.

The Iraqi leader is popular in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, partly due to the US$35 (m) million he has paid to Palestinian families.

SHOTLIST:

Istanbul, Turkey

1. US and Israeli flags burned by crowd

2. Riot police confronting protestors

3. Protestors retreat from frontline appearing to suffer the effects of teargas

4. Protestor screaming, then appears to faint and is supported by fellow-demonstrators

5. Riot police charge, demonstrators beaten with batons

6. Riot police beat protestor with batons

7. Two women lead two young girls away, apparently suffering effects of teargas

Cairo, Egypt

8. Truck spraying crowds with water cannon

9. Close up of demonstrator being resuscitated

10. Injured policeman led to ambulance

Cairo, Egypt

11. Group damaging police motorcycle

12. Pull out from mid shot of flames and smoke billowing from burning car by busy road in middle of city

Bahrain

13. Reverse shot of youths throwing stones at police in background

14. Injured man being carried into ambulance

15. Long shot of American flag

16. Muslim cleric trying talking to police and then youths

17. Pan following police vehicle with man firing shots from it at youths

18. Various of American flag being burnt

San'a, Yemen

19. Various of march

Akwar Region, Lebanon

20. Various demonstrators carrying flags approaching barricade, under fire from water cannon

21. Security forces firing water on demonstrators

Ein El Helweh - Sidon, Lebanon

22. Demonstrators at Palestinian camp

23. Mid shot of Saddam Hussein posters carried by marchers

East Jerusalem

24. Tear gas canister fired

Gaza

25. Women, one carrying placard with picture of Saddam Hussein, chanting "With our soul and our blood we will sacrifice ourselves for you Saddam."

26. Protestors marching, young boy on shoulders of one marcher carrying mock-up Armalite rifle

STORYLINE:

There were protests against the war in many Muslim and Arab countries on Friday.

Feelings about the US-led military action in Iraq were running high in Turkey, Egypt, Bahrain, Yemen, Lebanon, East Jerusalem and Gaza.

Approximately two thousand people demonstrated in central Istanbul.

Polls show up to 94 percent of Turks are against a war against Iraq.

In the Egyptian capital Cairo, about 10,000 demonstrators chanted anti-US slogans to protest the war as they gathered under tight security after Friday's weekly prayers.

Protestors chanted they would "sacrifice ourselves for Iraq" in the demonstrations outside the Al-Azhar mosque.

Hundreds of protesters threw stones and other objects at police, who responded with water cannons and hit people with sticks.

At least two protesters were arrested and two were taken away by ambulance, one bleeding from the head and another holding his wrist. It was unclear how they were injured.

Riot police in Bahrain used rubber bullets, tear gas and truncheons to hold off about 2,000 stone-throwing protesters marching on the US Embassy there. At least 10 people were injured in Bahrain, regional base for the US Navy's 5th Fleet.

In Yemen, one policeman was fatally shot in the head by gunfire that came from demonstrators, a security official said on condition of anonymity. The same source said that a protester was also shot dead. Thirty-five people were arrested.

An estimated 30,000 people assembled after Friday prayers in central San`a and marched several kilometers (miles) toward the US Embassy, which was closed. Hundreds of police tried to stop the crowd using tear gas and water cannons before resorting to bursts of live automatic rifle fire into the air.

Anti-American sentiment boiled over in many parts of Lebanon on Friday, as police moved in to control protesters.

Police turned water cannons and tear gas onto crowds of anti-war protesters outside the US embassy in northern Beirut on Friday.

Demonstrators tried to remove barbed wire, positioned outside the embassy, which followed with clashes with police.

And the anti-American sentiment was potent in Palestinian refugee camps close to the southern port of Sidon.

Demonstrators marched through the streets in support of the Iraq's leader, carrying posters of Saddam Hussein with them.

In Jerusalem, worshippers on the Old City's hilltop mosque compound shouted, "Our beloved Saddam, hit Tel Aviv," a chant popular in 1991, when Iraq launched 39 Scud missiles at Israel.

Thousands of Palestinians holding pictures of Saddam Hussein poured out of mosques after Friday prayers to protest against the US-led attacks on Iraq and cheered for the Iraqi leader to bombard Israeli cities with Scud missiles.

In the West Bank and Gaza Strip, Palestinians turned out in the rain to shout slogans of support to Iraqi fighters and revived some chants from the 1991 Gulf War.

About 7,000 men and women filled Gaza City's streets. American and British flags and pictures of US President George Bush were burned.

The Iraqi leader is popular in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, partly due to the US$35 (m) million he has paid to Palestinian families.